1
|
Hong S, Kim J, Ahn M, Jung K, Moon C, Ahn C, Sanchez-Quinteiro P, Shin T. Key Genes in Olfactory Disorder in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Identified by Transcriptomic Analysis of the Olfactory Bulbs. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5771-5786. [PMID: 38233686 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis that shows demyelination in the central nervous system and functional deficits, including olfactory impairment. However, the genes related to olfactory impairment in EAE are unknown. We evaluated hub genes of the olfactory bulb in EAE mice. Differentially expressed genes (cut-offs, fold change > 2 and adjusted p < 0.05) and their related pathways in olfactory bulbs were subjected to gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Protein-protein interactions with selected genes were evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) which were constructed at the post-transcriptional level, including the genes-transcription factors (TFs) and gene-microRNAs (miRNAs) interaction networks. Twelve hub genes were found, three of which (Ctss, Itgb2, and Tlr2) were validated by RT-qPCR to be related to GO pathways such as immune response and regulation of immune response. GSEA showed that neuron-related genes-including Atp6v1g2, Egr1, and Gap43-and their pathways were significantly downregulated. GRNs analysis of six genes (Ctss, Itgb2, Tlr2, Atp6v1g2, Egr1, and Gap43) revealed 37 TFs and 84 miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of six genes, indicating significant interaction among six genes, TFs, and miRNAs. Collectively, these results suggest that transcriptomic analysis of the olfactory bulb of EAE mice can provide insight into olfactory dysfunction and reveal therapeutic targets for olfactory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmoo Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Quinteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stekic A, Dragic M, Stanojevic J, Zaric Kontic M, Stevanovic I, Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Mihajlovic K, Nedeljkovic N. Impaired olfactory performance and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of multiple sclerosis are associated with enhanced adenosine signaling in the olfactory bulb via A 1R, A 2BR, and A 3R. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1407975. [PMID: 39139401 PMCID: PMC11320153 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1407975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibit olfactory dysfunction and impaired general cognitive abilities, as well as anxiety-like behavior. Olfactory dysfunction occurs on average at 2 dpi, well before the onset of the first motor signs of EAE (8-10 dpi). After the initial olfactory dysfunction, the EAE animals show a fluctuation in olfactory performance that resembles the relapsing-remitting course of human MS. The study also shows severe neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb (OB), with numerous infiltrated CD4+ T cells and peripheral macrophages in the superficial OB layers, marked microgliosis, and massive induction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Reduced tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the glomerular layer, pronounced granule cell atrophy, and reduced numbers of type B neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream also indicate altered plasticity of the neuronal network in the OB. Considering the exceptionally high purinome expression in the OB, the possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. The study shows that macrophages infiltrating the OB overexpress A3R, while highly reactive microglia overexpress the adenosine-producing enzyme eN/CD73 as well as A2BR, A3R, and P2X4R. Given the simultaneous induction of complement component C3, the results suggest that the microglial cells develop a functional phenotype of phagocytizing microglia. The study also demonstrates transcriptional and translational upregulation of A1R in mitral and tufted cells, which likely influence resting network activity in OB and likely contribute to olfactory dysfunction in EAE. Overall, our study shows that olfactory dysfunction and altered social and cognitive behavior in EAE are associated with increased adenosine signaling via A1R, A2BR, and A3R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Institute of National Significance, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanojevic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mihajlovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao Z, Danzhen Z, Zhu J, Li Y, Xu Z, Chu L. Vitamin D levels and olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38372675 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2304081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore the possible relationship between the serum vitamin D level and olfactory impairment in a population of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Guizhou, China. METHODS We included 25 patients with MS and 18 healthy controls (HCs) who were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from February 2021 to September 2021. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to test the patients' sense of smell, and the level of serum 25-hydroxyethylene polyprotein D was measured. RESULTS Serum vitamin D levels and UPSIT scores were significantly different between the MS group and the control group (both p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation emerged between vitamin D levels and UPSIT scores in MS patients (r = 0.537, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS The serum vitamin D level may be involved in the regulation of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients in Guizhou, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoma Danzhen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
- Basic Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| | - Lan Chu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
- Basic Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Gui Yang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee J, Hong S, Ahn M, Kim J, Moon C, Matsuda H, Tanaka A, Nomura Y, Jung K, Shin T. Eugenol alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by suppressing inflammatory responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111479. [PMID: 38215654 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Eugenol is a principal compound in essential clove oil, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. While recent studies have demonstrated its neuroprotective effects on central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as brain ischemia/reperfusion injuries, but its potential impact on multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the CNS, has not yet been explored. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of eugenol on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established animal model of MS. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice using the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide. Clinical symptoms, including paralysis, were monitored daily, and levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry. Daily oral administration of eugenol to MOG-induced EAE mice led to a notable decline in the severity of clinical symptoms. Eugenol inhibited EAE-related immune cell infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Histological examinations confirmed its ability to mitigate inflammation and demyelination in the spinal cord post-EAE induction. Eugenol alleviates neuroinflammation in the spinal cords of EAE-induced mice, primarily through anti-inflammatory action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmoo Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chao LL. Olfactory and cognitive decrements in 1991 Gulf War veterans with gulf war illness/chronic multisymptom illness. Environ Health 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38291474 PMCID: PMC10825982 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gulf War illness (GWI)/Chronic Multisymptom Illness (CMI) is a disorder related to military service in the 1991 Gulf War (GW). Prominent symptoms of GWI/CMI include fatigue, pain, and cognitive dysfunction. Although anosmia is not a typical GWI/CMI symptom, anecdotally some GW veterans have reported losing their sense smell shortly after the war. Because olfactory deficit is a prodromal symptom of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and because we previously reported suggestive evidence that deployed GW veterans may be at increased risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia, the current study examined the relationship between olfactory and cognitive function in deployed GW veterans. METHODS Eighty deployed GW veterans (mean age: 59.9 ±7.0; 4 female) were tested remotely with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Veterans also completed self-report questionnaires about their health and deployment-related exposures and experiences. UPSIT and MoCA data from healthy control (HC) participants from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study were downloaded for comparison. RESULTS GW veterans had a mean UPSIT score of 27.8 ± 6.3 (range 9-37) and a mean MoCA score of 25.3 ± 2.8 (range 19-30). According to age- and sex-specific normative data, 31% of GW veterans (vs. 8% PPMI HCs) had UPSIT scores below the 10th percentile. Nearly half (45%) of GW veterans (vs. 8% PPMI HCs) had MoCA scores below the cut-off for identifying MCI. Among GW veterans, but not PPMI HCs, there was a positive correlation between UPSIT and MoCA scores (Spearman's ρ = 0.39, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in UPSIT or MoCA scores between GW veterans with and without history of COVID or between those with and without Kansas GWI exclusionary conditions. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of olfactory and cognitive deficits and a significant correlation between UPSIT and MoCA scores in a cohort of 80 deployed GW veterans, 99% of whom had CMI. Because impaired olfactory function has been associated with increased risk for MCI and dementia, it may be prudent to screen aging, deployed GW veterans with smell identification tests so that hypo- and anosmic veterans can be followed longitudinally and offered targeted neuroprotective therapies as they become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chao
- Departments of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging and Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Calfiornia, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PDE, Kim JS, Shin T, Moon C. Understanding the spectrum of non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis: insights from animal models. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:84-91. [PMID: 37488849 PMCID: PMC10479859 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is generally considered to be a non-traumatic, physically debilitating neurological disorder. In addition to experiencing motor disability, patients with multiple sclerosis also experience a variety of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits, anxiety, depression, sensory impairments, and pain. However, the pathogenesis and treatment of such non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis are still under research. Preclinical studies for multiple sclerosis benefit from the use of disease-appropriate animal models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Prior to understanding the pathophysiology and developing treatments for non-motor symptoms, it is critical to characterize the animal model in terms of its ability to replicate certain non-motor features of multiple sclerosis. As such, no single animal model can mimic the entire spectrum of symptoms. This review focuses on the non-motor symptoms that have been investigated in animal models of multiple sclerosis as well as possible underlying mechanisms. Further, we highlighted gaps in the literature to explain the non-motor aspects of multiple sclerosis in experimental animal models, which will serve as the basis for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D. E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Su W, Ju J, Gu M, Wang X, Liu S, Yu J, Mu D. SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein triggers depression-like behaviors and dysosmia via TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:110. [PMID: 37158916 PMCID: PMC10166055 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and dysosmia have been regarded as primary neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Current studies have demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein is a pro-inflammatory factor sensed by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), suggesting the pathological feature of E protein is independent of viral infection. In this study, we aim to ascertain the role of E protein in depression, dysosmia and associated neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS Depression-like behaviors and olfactory function were observed in both female and male mice receiving intracisternal injection of E protein. Immunohistochemistry was applied in conjunction with RT-PCR to evaluate glial activation, blood-brain barrier status and mediators synthesis in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. TLR2 was pharmacologically blocked to determine its role in E protein-related depression-like behaviors and dysosmia in mice. RESULTS Intracisternal injection of E protein evoked depression-like behaviors and dysosmia in both female and male mice. Immunohistochemistry suggested that the E protein upregulated IBA1 and GFAP in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb, while ZO-1 was downregulated. Moreover, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, MMP2 and CSF1 were upregulated in both cortex and hippocampus, whereas IL-1β, IL-6 and CCL2 were upregulated in the olfactory bulb. Furtherly, inhibiting microglia, rather than astrocytes, alleviated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by E protein. Finally, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry suggested that TLR2 was upregulated in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb, the blocking of which mitigated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by E protein. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that envelope protein could directly induce depression-like behaviors, dysosmia, and obvious neuroinflammation in CNS. TLR2 mediated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by envelope protein, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for neurological manifestation in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahang Ju
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Minghui Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhuang Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Esculetin and Fucoidan Attenuate Autophagy and Apoptosis Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles through Modulating Reactive Astrocyte and Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Rat Brain. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040194. [PMID: 35448455 PMCID: PMC9025201 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We examined the protective effects of esculetin and fucoidan against the neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs in rats. Ninety rats were divided into nine groups and pre-treated with esculetin or fucoidan 1 h before ZnO NP administration on a daily basis for 2 weeks. Serum and brain homogenates were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the hippocampal region were examined with immunohistochemical analysis. The serum levels of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were altered in the ZnO NP treatment groups. Brain IL-1β and TNF-α levels were elevated after ZnO NP administration, and these effects were inhibited by esculetin and fucoidan. SOD, 8-OHdG, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in the brain were decreased after ZnO NP administration. The brain levels of beclin-1 and caspase-3 were elevated after ZnO NP treatment, and these effects were significantly ameliorated by esculetin and fucoidan. The number of reactive astrocytes measured by counting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells, but not microglia, increased following ZnO NP treatment, and esculetin and fucoidan ameliorated the changes. Esculetin and fucoidan may be beneficial for preventing ZnO NP-mediated autophagy and apoptosis by the modulation of reactive astrocyte and proinflammatory cytokines in the rat brain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren C, Wang F, He KJ, Zhang YT, Li LX, Zhang JB, Chen J, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Early-Life Stress Induces Prodromal Features of Parkinsonism in Ageing Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:705-716. [PMID: 34448826 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) can cause long-term effects on human health, ranging from adolescence to adulthood, and even to gerontic. Although clinical retrospective data suggest that ELS may be related to senile neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), there are few prospective investigations to explore its real contribution to PD. Here, we investigated the behavioral, histochemical, neuromorphological, and transcriptional changes induced by maternal separation (MS), an ELS model. Without neurotoxin, MS rats showed behavioral alterations in olfaction, locomotion, and gait characters after depression compared with control rats. Based on neuroimaging and histochemistry, although we found that the dopaminergic system in the striatum was impaired after MS, the decrease of striatal dopamine level was ~33%. Consistently, tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining positive neurons of MS rats in the substantia nigra showed deficit by about 20% in cell counting. Furthermore, using transcriptome sequencing, we discovered many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MS rats in the striatum significantly enriched in the pathway of dopaminergic synapse, and the biological process of locomotion and neuromuscular process controlling balance. Encouragingly, some representative DEGs relating to PD were singled out. These results suggest that ELS-depression rats potentially mimic some key features of prodromal stage of PD during natural senescence. In conclusion, our findings provide some novel insights into the future pathogenesis and therapeutic studies for PD related to depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lan YX, Yang P, Zeng Z, Yadav N, Zhang LJ, Wang LB, Xia HC. Gene and protein expression profiles of olfactory ensheathing cells from olfactory bulb versus olfactory mucosa. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:440-449. [PMID: 34269221 PMCID: PMC8463967 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) from the olfactory bulb (OB) and the olfactory mucosa (OM) have the capacity to repair nerve injury. However, the difference in the therapeutic effect between OB-derived OECs and OM-derived OECs remains unclear. In this study, we extracted OECs from OB and OM and compared the gene and protein expression profiles of the cells using transcriptomics and non-quantitative proteomics techniques. The results revealed that both OB-derived OECs and OM-derived OECs highly expressed genes and proteins that regulate cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and vascular endothelial cell regeneration. The differentially expressed genes and proteins of OB-derived OECs play a key role in regulation of nerve regeneration and axon regeneration and extension, transmission of nerve impulses and response to axon injury. The differentially expressed genes and proteins of OM-derived OECs mainly participate in the positive regulation of inflammatory response, defense response, cytokine binding, cell migration and wound healing. These findings suggest that differentially expressed genes and proteins may explain why OB-derived OECs and OM-derived OECs exhibit different therapeutic roles. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (approval No. 2017-073) on February 13, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiang Lan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Human Stem Cell Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Human Stem Cell Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Neeraj Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; School of International Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Jian Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Human Stem Cell Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Biochip Research Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - He-Chun Xia
- Ningxia Human Stem Cell Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren C, He KJ, Hu H, Zhang JB, Dong LG, Li D, Chen J, Mao CJ, Wang F, Liu CF. Induction of Parkinsonian-Like Changes via Targeted Downregulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in the Striatum. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:295-314. [PMID: 34719508 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have suggested that decreased expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is involved in glutamate excitotoxicity and contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), GLT-1 is decreased in animal models of PD. GLT-1 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, and the striatum is a GLT-1-rich brain area. OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the function and mechanism of astrocytic GLT-1 in PD-like changes. METHODS In the study, PD-like changes and their molecular mechanism in rodents were tested by a behavioral assessment, micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, and high performance liquid chromatography pre-column derivatization with O-pthaldialdehida after downregulating astrocytic GLT-1 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, after 6 weeks of brain stereotactic injection of adeno-associated virus into the striatum, rats in the astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown group showed poorer motor performance, abnormal gait, and depression-like feature; but no olfactory disorders. The results of micro-PET/CT and western blotting indicated that the dopaminergic system was impaired in astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown rats. Similarly, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive immune-staining in neurons of astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown rats showed deficit in cell count. In vitro, knockdown of astrocytic GLT-1 via RNA interference led to morphological injury of TH-positive neurons, which may be related to the abnormal calcium signal induced by glutamate accumulation after GLT-1 knockdown. Furthermore, the GLT-1 agonist ceftriaxone showed a protective effect on TH-positive neuron impairment. CONCLUSION The present findings may shed new light on the future prevention and treatment of PD based on blocking glutamate excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Dong
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adamson SXF, Zheng W, Agim ZS, Du S, Fleming S, Shannahan J, Cannon J. Systemic Copper Disorders Influence the Olfactory Function in Adult Rats: Roles of Altered Adult Neurogenesis and Neurochemical Imbalance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1315. [PMID: 34572528 PMCID: PMC8471899 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted systemic copper (Cu) homeostasis underlies neurodegenerative diseases with early symptoms including olfactory dysfunction. This study investigated the impact of Cu dyshomeostasis on olfactory function, adult neurogenesis, and neurochemical balance. Models of Cu deficiency (CuD) and Cu overload (CuO) were established by feeding adult rats with Cu-restricted diets plus ip. injection of a Cu chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) and excess Cu, respectively. CuD reduced Cu levels in the olfactory bulb (OB), subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and striatum, while CuO increased Cu levels in these areas. The buried pellet test revealed both CuD and CuO prolonged the latency to uncover food. CuD increased neural proliferation and stem cells in the SVZ and newly differentiated neurons in the OB, whereas CuO caused opposite alterations, suggesting a "switch"-type function of Cu in regulating adult neurogenesis. CuO increased GABA in the OB, while both CuD and CuO reduced DOPAC, HVA, 5-HT and the DA turnover rate in olfactory-associated brain regions. Altered mRNA expression of Cu transport and storage proteins in tested brain areas were observed under both conditions. Together, results support an association between systemic Cu dyshomeostasis and olfactory dysfunction. Specifically, altered adult neurogenesis along the SVZ-RMS-OB pathway and neurochemical imbalance could be the factors that may contribute to olfactory dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherleen Xue-Fu Adamson
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zeynep Sena Agim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Sarah Du
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Sheila Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Jason Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ko HJ, Kim J, Ahn M, Kim JH, Lee GS, Shin T. Ergothioneine alleviates senescence of fibroblasts induced by UVB damage of keratinocytes via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and HSP70 in keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112516. [PMID: 33577831 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and photoaging through several deleterious effects, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis of epidermal cells, inflammation, and collagen degradation in fibroblasts. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring amino acid with potential biological properties. We evaluated whether EGT protects against UVB-induced photoaging using a keratinocyte/fibroblast co-culture system. Keratinocytes were pretreated with EGT, irradiated with UVB, and co-cultured with fibroblasts. In keratinocytes, ROS production and apoptosis were assessed. We also analyzed the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, HSP70, proapoptotic proteins, and paracrine cytokines by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Collagen degradation-related genes and senescence were also assessed in fibroblasts. EGT pretreatment of keratinocytes significantly inhibited downregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and HSP70, and protected keratinocytes by suppressing production of ROS and cleavage of proapoptotic proteins, including caspase-8 and PARP. Furthermore, EGT significantly reduced the paracrine cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In co-cultures of fibroblasts with EGT-treated keratinocytes, the expression levels of collagen degradation-related genes and fibroblast senescence were significantly decreased; however, synthesis of procollagen type I was significantly increased. Our results confirm that EGT suppresses the modification of collagen homeostasis in fibroblasts by preventing downregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and HSP70 in keratinocytes following UVB irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Ko
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Skin science research team, Creation & Innovation research institute, It's hanbul Co., LTD., Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06101, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Skin science research team, Creation & Innovation research institute, It's hanbul Co., LTD., Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06101, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Soo Lee
- Skin science research team, Creation & Innovation research institute, It's hanbul Co., LTD., Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06101, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
TAK-242 ameliorates olfactory dysfunction in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107368. [PMID: 33454639 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom of allergic rhinitis (AR) that can seriously affect patient quality of life; however, the associated pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between OD and damage of the olfactory bulb (OB) in allergic rhinitis (AR). The therapeutic potential of TAK-242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, was evaluated for OD. METHOD An AR mouse model was established with ovalbumin (OVA) to test the olfactory function of AR mice using the buried food pellet test (BFPT). Mice with OD were intraperitoneally injected with TAK-242 or 1% DMSO (vehicle). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect microglia and astrocyte activation in the OB. TUNNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis in the OB. Proteins in the TLR4 signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. The level of proinflammatory factor mRNA in the OB was determined by RT-PCR. RESULT Neuroinflammation was observed in the OB of the OD group, as evidenced by glial cell activation and increased proinflammatory factor expression. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the OB of the OD group. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and p-NF-κBp65 was significantly up-regulated in the OB of the OD group. TAK-242 treatment significantly reduced the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression, as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes in the OB tissues. CONCLUSION TAK-242 improve olfactory function in AR mice mainly by reducing neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the OB, which may be related to blocking the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim M, Lee S, Lim H, Lee J, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Lee IC, Ryu YB, Kim J, Shin T, Ahn G, Rho MC, Jung K. Oleanolic Acid Acetate Alleviates Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556391. [PMID: 33013394 PMCID: PMC7494849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed by several immune cells in the central nervous system and plays an important role in neuroinflammation. TLR2 upregulation has been reported in multiple sclerosis patients and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, modulating TLR2 signaling can be an effective treatment strategy against MS. Oleanolic acid acetate (OAA) has antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of OAA on TLR2 signaling and neuroinflammation in EAE. EAE was induced in C57/BL6 mice using synthesized myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide, and OAA was administered daily. Hind limb paralysis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the spinal cords of EAE mice. Moreover, T-cell proliferation was significantly stimulated in splenic cells from EAE mice. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord was upregulated, and their serum protein levels were increased in EAE mice. Furthermore, upregulation of TLR2 and downstream signaling molecules was observed in the spinal cord. These pathological changes were reversed by OAA treatment. Our results suggest that OAA might have promising therapeutic properties and that the TLR signaling pathway is an effective therapeutic target against multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyungjin Lim
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi Y, Oh H, Ahn M, Kang T, Chun J, Shin T, Kim J. Immunohistochemical analysis of periostin in the hearts of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1545-1550. [PMID: 32759575 PMCID: PMC7653304 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin plays a critical role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in periostin levels in the hearts of rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of periostin and alpha-smooth muscle actin were significantly increased at day 14 post-immunization. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that periostin was expressed in macrophages and fibroblasts in the hearts of EAM-induced rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that increased periostin expression in macrophages and fibroblasts promotes cardiac fibrosis in EAM-induced rats, potentially by enhancing immune cell infiltration. Therefore, periostin should be further investigated as a candidate therapeutic target for myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Chun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Upregulation of Cathepsins in Olfactory Bulbs Is Associated with Transient Olfactory Dysfunction in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3412-3423. [PMID: 32529488 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are a family of lysosomal/endosomal proteolytic enzymes that include serine, aspartate, and cysteine proteases. The role of cathepsin in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, remains elusive. We evaluated the expression level and localization of different cathepsins in the olfactory bulbs of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of human multiple sclerosis. Quantitative real-time PCR results and Western blotting analyses revealed that serine, aspartate, and cysteine cathepsins are expressed at significantly higher levels in the olfactory bulbs of mice with EAE in the paralytic stage compared with those of control mice. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cathepsin A, D, and S were expressed in the glomerulus layer, external plexiform layer, and mitral cell layer. Furthermore, cathepsins were detected in astrocytes, microglia, inflammatory cells, and vascular cells in the olfactory bulb of EAE mice at the paralytic stage. Collectively, these results suggest that the upregulation of cathepsins in the olfactory bulb of mice with EAE is associated with transient olfactory dysfunction in autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jung K, Kim J, Ahn G, Matsuda H, Akane T, Ahn M, Shin T. Alendronate alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106534. [PMID: 32361191 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, have been widely used to treat osteoporosis because they may target multiple signals in the mevalonate cascade. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of alendronate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a prototypical autoimmune disease model. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide. The mice were checked daily for clinical symptoms, such as paralysis, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using ELISA, western blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry. The daily oral administration of alendronate to EAE-induced mice significantly reduced the severity of paralysis and lowered T cell proliferation. Additionally, histopathological examinations confirmed that alendronate mitigated inflammation in the spinal cord after EAE induction, suppressed the infiltration of CD68-positive inflammatory cells, and reduced the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, the alendronate-treated group exhibited a decrease in the number of iNOS-positive inflammatory cells compared to the vehicle-treated group. Taken together, the present results suggest that alendronate alleviated neuro-inflammation in the spinal cords of EAE-induced mice, which is an animal model of multiple sclerosis, possibly by inhibiting the downstream effects of the mevalonate cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanaka Akane
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang X, Huang W, Shao Q, Yang Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Zhang X, Ge X. Drp1, a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease, is involved in olfactory bulb pathological alteration in the Rotenone-induced rat model. Toxicol Lett 2020; 325:1-13. [PMID: 32088201 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction is often affected in parkinsonian patients and its disturbances precede the classical cognitive and locomotor dysfunction. The olfactory bulb might be the region of onset in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, evidenced by the presence of disease-related protein aggregates and disturbed olfactory information processing. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that governs the olfactory bulb impairments remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between olfactory bulb and inflammatory pathological alterations and the potential mechanisms. Here we found that rotenone led to typical parkinsonian symptoms and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the olfactory bulb. Additionally, increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and NLRP3 inflammasome components expressions caused by rotenone injection were observed accompanied by the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the olfactory bulb. Rotenone also triggered Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and this in turn caused mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, Mdivi-1(a selective Drp1 inhibitor) markedly ameliorated the morphologic disruptions of mitochondria and Drp1 translocation, inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, eventually blocked the downstream pathway of the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis and expression of iNOS. Overall, these findings suggest that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission induces NF-κB nuclear translocation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation that may further contribute to olfactory bulb disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Wenmin Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhengxin Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park C, Kim J, Ahn M, Choi Y, Shin T. Glycan changes in the olfactory mucosa of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146649. [PMID: 31926910 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are components of glycoconjugates and function in odorant recognition and cell signaling in the olfactory mucosa. However, little is known about glycan expression in the olfactory mucosa in the presence of neuroinflammatory disorders, which can influence olfaction. We evaluated the changes in glycan in the olfactory mucosa of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by histochemical analyses of 21 lectins. In the olfactory mucosa of normal control rats, 16 lectins bound to olfactory sensory neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, nerve and Bowman's glands, and their expression did not significantly change during the course of EAE. In rats with paralytic-stage EAE, five lectins showed different reactivities with the olfactory mucosa compared to those of normal control rats. Of them, Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin (BSL)-II and BSL-I showed transiently downregulated binding to olfactory sensory neurons and supporting cells in rats with EAE. The reactivities of Lens culinaris agglutinin for the basement membrane, Vicia villosa agglutinin for Bowman's glands and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin for all nuclei were upregulated in the olfactory mucosa of EAE rats. These results suggest that BSL-II-binding N-acetyl-glucosamine and BSL-I-binding N-acetyl-galactose are involved in transient olfactory dysfunction in EAE, which may hamper odor perception and/or signal processing in olfactory sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changnam Park
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Choi Y, Kim J, Ahn M, Shin T. Upregulation of periostin in MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134558. [PMID: 31639420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periostin has dual roles as a multifunctional cytokine and an extracellular matrix protein that binds to several integrins on a variety of cells. This study evaluated whether the expression and cellular localization of periostin changes in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis. Western blot analysis revealed that periostin was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord of EAE-induced mice in the effector stage, and did not significantly decrease in the recovery stage of EAE, compared with normal control. Periostin was constitutively detected in the neurons, ependymal cells, vascular endothelial cells, and astrocytes of normal mice. In the paralytic stage of EAE, periostin immunoreactivity was detected in some macrophages in the subarachnoid space (SAS), as well as in some microglial cells; in addition, periostin immunoreactivity was enhanced in astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells in EAE lesions. Collectively, these results suggest that periostin, either from monocyte-derived macrophages in SAS or glial cells in the parenchyma, partly facilitates the migration of inflammatory cells in the effector stage of EAE; moreover, periostin in the recovery stage of EAE appears to be involved in the plasticity of damaged central nervous system tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim J, Choi Y, Ahn M, Ekanayake P, Tanaka A, Matsuda H, Shin T. Microglial and astroglial reaction in the olfactory bulb of mice after Triton X-100 application. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:546-552. [PMID: 31054775 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gliosis including microgliosis and astrogliosis is a response to central nervous system inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether olfactory bulbs are influenced by intranasal exposure to the detergent Triton X-100, a non-ionic surfactant. In this experiment, we measured olfactory function in mice based on the time needed to identify hidden pellets. Our results found that more time was needed to find the buried pellets by mice exposed to Triton X-100 compared with mice without Triton X-100 exposure, up to day 7. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cells in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulbs in mice treated with Triton X-100. Western blot analysis revealed significant downregulation of olfactory marker proteins in the olfactory mucosa and bulbs of mice after intranasal exposure to Triton X-100. In the olfactory bulbs of mice exposed to Triton X-100, microgliosis and astrogliosis were evident using immunohistochemistry. Cathepsin D was also upregulated in Iba-1-positive microglia/macrophages and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the olfactory bulbs of mice exposed to Triton X-100. In mice, Triton X-100 induced olfactory sensory neuron death in the nasal cavity and gliosis in olfactory bulbs with concurrent downregulation of olfactory marker protein expression, resulting in transient olfactory dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Poornima Ekanayake
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim J, Ahn M, Choi Y, Ekanayake P, Park CM, Moon C, Jung K, Tanaka A, Matsuda H, Shin T. Gene Expression Profile of Olfactory Transduction Signaling in an Animal Model of Human Multiple Sclerosis. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:74-84. [PMID: 30853826 PMCID: PMC6401553 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction occurs in multiple sclerosis in humans, as well as in an animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The aim of this study was to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in olfactory bulb of EAE-affected mice by next generation sequencing, with a particular focus on changes in olfaction-related signals. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and adjuvant. Inflammatory lesions were identified in the olfactory bulbs as well as in the spinal cord of immunized mice. Analysis of DEGs in the olfactory bulb of EAE-affected mice revealed that 44 genes were upregulated (and which were primarily related to inflammatory mediators), while 519 genes were downregulated; among the latter, olfactory marker protein and stomatin-like 3, which have been linked to olfactory signal transduction, were significantly downregulated (log2 [fold change] >1 and p-value <0.05). These findings suggest that inflammation in the olfactory bulb of EAE-affected mice is associated with the downregulation of some olfactory signal transduction genes, particularly olfactory marker protein and stomatin-like 3, which may lead to olfactory dysfunction in an animal model of human multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Poornima Ekanayake
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahn M, Kim J, Yang W, Choi Y, Ekanayake P, Ko H, Jee Y, Shin T. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Ishige okamurae. Anat Cell Biol 2018; 51:292-298. [PMID: 30637164 PMCID: PMC6318454 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.4.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate an anti-inflammatory effect of Ishige okamurae on EAE-induced paralysis in rats. An ethanolic extract of I. okamurae significantly delayed the first onset and reduced the duration and severity of hind-limb paralysis. The neuropathological and immunohistochemical findings in the spinal cord were in agreement with these clinical results. T-cell proliferation assay revealed that the ethyl-acetate fraction of I. okamurae suppressed the proliferation of myelin basic protein reactive T cells from EAE affected rats. Flow cytometric analysis showed TCRαβ+ T cells was significantly reduced in the spleen of EAE rats with I. okamurae treatment with concurrent decrease of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2. Collectively, it is postulated that I. okamurae ameliorates EAE paralysis with suppression of T-cell proliferation as well as decrease of pro-inflammatory mediators as far as rat EAE is concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Wonjun Yang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Poornima Ekanayake
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyunju Ko
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Histology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang L, Chen Q, Wang H, Yang J, Sheng S. Andrographolide mitigates IL‑1β‑induced human nucleus pulposus cells degeneration through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5427-5436. [PMID: 30365119 PMCID: PMC6236278 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial disease with few efficacious clinical drugs, which has been demonstrated to be associated with nucleus pulposus (NP) cells apoptosis and degeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interleukin (IL)-1β, a common proinflammatory cytokine, is considered to be one of key regulators in IDD development. Andrographolide (AG), extracted from Andrographis paniculata, has been suggested to possess marked anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of AG on IDD has not been well explored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of AG on IDD in human NP cells. NP cells were treated with IL-1β in the absence or presence of AG to investigate the effects on cell viability, cellular apoptosis, production of ECM and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5. It was identified that IL-1β-induced NP cellular apoptosis was significantly inhibited by AG treatment. Furthermore, AG mitigated the IL-1β-induced degeneration of the ECM, which was paralleled by a decrease in MMPs and ADAMTS levels. In addition, AG exhibited marked inhibitory properties against the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and the nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Taken together, these results demonstrated that AG treatment mitigated IL-1β-induced NP cells degeneration through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and suggested that AG may be a potential agent for IDD prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Haoli Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Sunren Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aktürk T, Tanık N, Serin Hİ, Saçmacı H, İnan LE. Olfactory bulb atrophy in migraine patients. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:127-132. [PMID: 30280362 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osmophobia and headache triggered by odors are commonly seen in migraine, and these are symptoms that differentiate migraine from other primary headaches. Since these odor-related symptoms are disease-specific, we aimed to measure the volume of olfactory bulb and depth of olfactory sulcus in migraine patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD A total of 93 subjects, consisting of 62 episodic migraine (32 with osmophobia, 30 without osmophobia) patients and 31 healthy controls, were included in this study. Diagnosis and classification of migraine were performed according to the beta version criteria of International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 Beta version). Beck depression and beck anxiety inventory were applied to the patients, and the measurement of bilateral olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) was performed manually in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS More significantly in the left OBV, low OBV has been determined in migraine patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.020). When migraine patients with or without osmophobia were compared to the control group; OBV was determined to be the lowest in migraine group with osmophobia, and left-weighted bilateral OBV was determined to be low (p < 0.001, p = 0.046). No statistically significant difference was determined between groups in OSD measurements (p = 0.646, p = 0.490). CONCLUSION Left-weighted bilateral OBV atrophy determined in migraine patients may be guiding for the clarification of migraine pathophysiology and enlightening of the relation between migraine and odor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tülin Aktürk
- Department of Neurology, Bozok University Medical School, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Tanık
- Department of Neurology, Bozok University Medical School, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Hikmet Saçmacı
- Department of Neurology, Bozok University Medical School, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Levent Ertuğrul İnan
- Department of Neurology, Ministry of Health Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olfactory Dysfunction in CNS Neuroimmunological Disorders: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3714-3721. [PMID: 30191380 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is deeply associated with quality of human life in the aging population. Olfactory dysfunction is an occasional presymptomatic sign of neuroimmunological multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Olfaction is initially processed by olfactory receptor cells that capture odor molecules, and the signals are transmitted to the glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs via olfactory nerves and processed in the primary olfactory cortex in the brain. Damage to either the olfactory receptor cells or the olfactory bulb and primary olfactory cortex may influence olfactory functioning. A close link between neuroimmunological disorders and olfactory dysfunction has been reported in patients and animal models. This review summarizes the literature data concerning olfactory dysfunction in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus; animal models thereof; and inflammation in the olfactory bulb.
Collapse
|