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López-Carbonero JI, García-Toledo I, Fernández-Hernández L, Bascuñana P, Gil-Moreno MJ, Matías-Guiu JA, Corrochano S. In vivo diagnosis of TDP-43 proteinopathies: in search of biomarkers of clinical use. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38831349 PMCID: PMC11149336 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that share the presence of aberrant, misfolded and mislocalized deposits of the protein TDP-43, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and some, but not all, pathological variants of frontotemporal dementia. In recent years, many other diseases have been reported to have primary or secondary TDP-43 proteinopathy, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease or the recently described limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, highlighting the need for new and accurate methods for the early detection of TDP-43 proteinopathy to help on the stratification of patients with overlapping clinical diagnosis. Currently, TDP-43 proteinopathy remains a post-mortem pathologic diagnosis. Although the main aim is to determine the pathologic TDP-43 proteinopathy in the central nervous system (CNS), the ubiquitous expression of TDP-43 in biofluids and cells outside the CNS facilitates the use of other accessible target tissues that might reflect the potential TDP-43 alterations in the brain. In this review, we describe the main developments in the early detection of TDP-43 proteinopathies, and their potential implications on diagnosis and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I López-Carbonero
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García-Toledo
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Hernández
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Gil-Moreno
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Corrochano
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Zibold J, Lessard LER, Picard F, da Silva LG, Zadorozhna Y, Streichenberger N, Belotti E, Osseni A, Emerit A, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Michel-Calemard L, Menassa R, Coudert L, Wiessner M, Stucka R, Klopstock T, Simonetti F, Hutten S, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Strom TM, Bernard E, Ollagnon E, Urtizberea A, Dormann D, Petiot P, Schaeffer L, Senderek J, Leblanc P. The new missense G376V-TDP-43 variant induces late-onset distal myopathy but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:1768-1783. [PMID: 38079474 PMCID: PMC11068115 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43)-positive inclusions in neurons are a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) caused by pathogenic TARDBP variants as well as more common non-Mendelian sporadic ALS (sALS). Here we report a G376V-TDP-43 missense variant in the C-terminal prion-like domain of the protein in two French families affected by an autosomal dominant myopathy but not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ALS. Patients from both families presented with progressive weakness and atrophy of distal muscles, starting in their fifth to seventh decade. Muscle biopsies revealed a degenerative myopathy characterized by accumulation of rimmed (autophagic) vacuoles, disruption of sarcomere integrity and severe myofibrillar disorganization. The G376V variant altered a highly conserved amino acid residue and was absent in databases on human genome variation. Variant pathogenicity was supported by in silico analyses and functional studies. The G376V mutant increased the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 condensates in cell culture models, promoted assembly into high molecular weight oligomers and aggregates in vitro, and altered morphology of TDP-43 condensates arising from phase separation. Moreover, the variant led to the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 condensates in patient-derived myoblasts and induced abnormal mRNA splicing in patient muscle tissue. The identification of individuals with TDP-43-related myopathy, but not ALS, implies that TARDBP missense variants may have more pleiotropic effects than previously anticipated and support a primary role for TDP-43 in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We propose to include TARDBP screening in the genetic work-up of patients with late-onset distal myopathy. Further research is warranted to examine the precise pathogenic mechanisms of TARDBP variants causing either a neurodegenerative or myopathic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zibold
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lola E R Lessard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Electroneuromyographie et de pathologies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Flavien Picard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lara Gruijs da Silva
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU BioCenter, Department Biology II Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yelyzaveta Zadorozhna
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme (IPP) of the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Département d’Anatomo-Pathologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Edwige Belotti
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Osseni
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Andréa Emerit
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurence Michel-Calemard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Rita Menassa
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Coudert
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Manuela Wiessner
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Stucka
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Site, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Simonetti
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU BioCenter, Department Biology II Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Site, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Electroneuromyographie et de pathologies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Elisabeth Ollagnon
- Service de Génétique, Neurogénétique et Médecine Prédictive, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Andoni Urtizberea
- Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Hôpital Marin—APHP, 64701 Hendaye, France
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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Cuevas EP, Martinez-Gonzalez L, Gordillo C, Tosat-Bitrián C, Pérez de la Lastra C, Sáenz A, Gil C, Palomo V, Martin-Requero Á, Martinez A. Casein kinase 1 inhibitor avoids TDP-43 pathology propagation in a patient-derived cellular model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106430. [PMID: 38325718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease without a cure to reverse its progression. Its main hallmark is the nuclear protein TDP-43, which undergoes different post-translational modifications leading to a loss of function in the nucleus and an increase in toxicity in the cytoplasm. Previous reports have indicated that pathogenic TDP-43 exhibits prion-like propagation in various contexts. With the aim of advancing therapeutics focused on preventing the propagation of TDP-43 pathology, we studied the potential role of pathogenic TDP-43 in lymphoblasts from sporadic ALS patients. We used lymphoblastoid cell lines from sporadic ALS patients as a source of pathogenic forms of TDP-43, and healthy human cells (lymphoblasts, myoblasts, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, or osteosarcoma U2OS) as recipient cells to investigate the seeding and spread of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of targeting TDP-43 phosphorylation with a CK-1 inhibitor to prevent the propagation of the pathology. The results presented herein indicate that pathogenic forms of TDP-43 are secreted into the extracellular medium of sporadic ALS lymphoblasts and could be transported by extracellular vesicles, spreading TDP-43 pathology to healthy cells. Moreover, tunneling nanotubes have also been discovered in pathological cells and may be involved in the transport of TDP-43. Interestingly, targeting TDP-43 phosphorylation with an in-house designed CK-1 inhibitor (IGS2.7) was sufficient to halt TDP-43 pathology transmission, in addition to its known effects on restoring the homeostasis of TDP-43 protein in patients-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva P Cuevas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Gordillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Tosat-Bitrián
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez de la Lastra
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amets Sáenz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martin-Requero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Porras G, Ruiz S, Maestro I, Borrego-Hernández D, Redondo AG, Martínez A, Martín-Requero Á. Functional Characterization of a Familial ALS-Associated Missense TBK1 (p-Arg573Gly) Mutation in Patient-Derived Lymphoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032847. [PMID: 36769169 PMCID: PMC9917786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of an ALS-associated missense mutation, p.Arg573Gly (R573G), in the TBK1 gene. In particular, we seek to analyze the influence of this variant on the cellular levels and the function of TBK1 in immortalized cells from an ALS patient. The patient (Code# E7) belonged to a Spanish family with autosomal dominant disease manifesting in the sixth decade as either dementia or ALS. Four control individuals without signs of neurological disease were also included in this study. Our results indicate that the R375G TBK1 mutation did not affect the levels of mRNA nor the total TBK1 content; however, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of TBK1 phosphorylation, which is essential for TBK1 activity, as well as a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of p62 and RIPK1, known substrates for TBK1. Lymphoblasts from the R573G TBK1 mutation carrier patient display pathological TDP-43 homeostasis, showing elevated levels of phosphorylated TDP-43 and accumulation of the protein in the cytosolic compartment. In addition, the functional decrease in TBK1 activity observed in the E7 patient did not alter the autophagy flux, but it seems to be enough to increase ROS levels as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Porras
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvana Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Maestro
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto G. Redondo
- ALS Research Lab, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (Á.M.-R.)
| | - Ángeles Martín-Requero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (Á.M.-R.)
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Martinez-Gonzalez L, Martinez A. Emerging clinical investigational drugs for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:141-160. [PMID: 36762798 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2178416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by motoneuron death with a median survival time of 3-5 years since disease onset. There are no effective treatments to date. However, a variety of innovative investigational drugs and biological-based therapies are under clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the clinical investigational small molecules as well as a brief summary of the biological-based therapies that are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of ALS. All the data were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov (registered through November 1). EXPERT OPINION Drug discovery for ALS is an active and evolving field, where many investigational clinical drugs are in different trials. There are several mechanisms of action supporting all these new therapies, although proteostasis is gaining stage. Probably, small orally bioavailable molecules able to recover functional TDP-43 homeostasis may have solid chances to modify ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Cimini S, Bellini S, Saraceno C, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Giliani SC, Puoti G, Canafoglia L, Giaccone G, Rossi G. Pathological 25 kDa C-Terminal Fragments of TDP-43 Are Present in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines and Extracellular Vesicles from Patients Affected by Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Neuronal Ceroidolipofuscinosis Carrying a GRN Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213753. [PMID: 36430231 PMCID: PMC9694984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a complex disease, characterized by progressive degeneration of frontal and temporal lobes. Mutations in progranulin (GRN) gene have been found in up to 50% of patients with familial FTLD. Abnormal deposits of post-translationally-modified TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) represent one of the main hallmarks of the brain pathology. To investigate in peripheral cells the presence of the different TDP-43 forms, especially the toxic 25 kDa fragments, we analyzed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and the derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients carrying a GRN mutation, together with wild-type (WT) healthy controls. After characterizing EV sizes and concentrations by nanoparticle tracking analysis, we investigated the levels of different forms of the TDP-43 protein in LCLs and respective EVs by Western blot. Our results showed a trend of concentration decreasing in EVs derived from GRN-mutated LCLs, although not reaching statistical significance. A general increase in p-TDP-43 levels in GRN-mutated LCLs and EVs was observed. In particular, the toxic 25 kDa fragments of p-TDP-43 were only present in GRN-mutated LCLs and were absent in the WT controls. Furthermore, these fragments appeared to be more concentrated in EVs than in LCLs, suggesting a relevant role of EVs in spreading pathological molecules between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cimini
- Unit of Neurology V-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Clara Giliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, “Angelo Nocivelli” Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Puoti
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Integrated Diagnostics for Epilepsy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neurology V-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Unit of Neurology V-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Discovery of Mitophagy Inhibitors with Therapeutic Potential in Different Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012676. [PMID: 36293534 PMCID: PMC9603920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. It promotes the turnover of mitochondria and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which can lead to cellular degeneration. Mitophagy is known to be altered in several pathological conditions, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We recently demonstrated an increase in autophagy flux in lymphoblasts from ALS patients bearing a mutation in SOD1. Thus, the identification of mitophagy inhibitors may be a therapeutic option to recover mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, using a phenotypic mitophagy assay, we identified a new mitophagy inhibitor, the small molecule named IGS2.7 from the MBC library. Interestingly, the treatment of different cellular and in vivo models of ALS with mutations on SOD1 and TARDBP with this inhibitor restores autophagy to control levels. These results point mitophagy inhibitors, especially IGS2.7, to a new therapeutic approach for familial ALS patients.
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8
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Baier A, Szyszka R. CK2 and protein kinases of the CK1 superfamily as targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:916063. [PMID: 36275622 PMCID: PMC9582958 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.916063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinases are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, and also in inflammation, cancer, and neurological diseases. Therefore, they are regarded as potential therapeutic targets for drug design. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the casein kinase 1 superfamily as well as protein kinase CK2 in the development of several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CK1 kinases and their closely related tau tubulin kinases as well as CK2 are found to be overexpressed in the mammalian brain. Numerous substrates have been detected which play crucial roles in neuronal and synaptic network functions and activities. The development of new substances for the treatment of these pathologies is in high demand. The impact of these kinases in the progress of neurodegenerative disorders, their bona fide substrates, and numerous natural and synthetic compounds which are able to inhibit CK1, TTBK, and CK2 are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baier
- *Correspondence: Andrea Baier, ; Ryszard Szyszka,
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TDP-43 Pathology and Prionic Behavior in Human Cellular Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020385. [PMID: 35203594 PMCID: PMC8962248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment. Despite advances in the molecular pathology of the characteristic histopathological markers of the disease (tau protein and β-amyloid), their translation to the clinic has not provided the expected results. Increasing evidences have demonstrated the presence of aggregates of TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein 43) in the postmortem brains of patients diagnosed with AD. The present research is focused on of the study of the pathological role of TDP-43 in AD. For this purpose, immortalized lymphocytes samples from patients diagnosed with different severity of sporadic AD were used and the TDP-43 pathology was analyzed against controls, looking for differences in their fragmentation, phosphorylation and cellular location using Western blot and immunocytochemical techniques. The results revealed an increase in TDP-43 fragmentation, as well as increased phosphorylation and aberrant localization of TDP-43 in the cytosolic compartment of lymphocytes of patients diagnosed with severe AD. Moreover, a fragment of approximately 25 KD was found in the extracellular medium of cells derived from severe AD individuals that seem to have prion-like characteristics. We conclude that TDP-43 plays a key role in AD pathogenesis and its cell to cell propagation.
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10
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Martín-Cámara O, Arribas M, Wells G, Morales-Tenorio M, Martín-Requero Á, Porras G, Martínez A, Giorgi G, López-Alvarado P, Lastres-Becker I, Menéndez JC. Multitarget Hybrid Fasudil Derivatives as a New Approach to the Potential Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1867-1882. [PMID: 34985276 PMCID: PMC9132363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid compounds containing structural fragments of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil and the NRF2 inducers caffeic and ferulic acids were designed with the aid of docking and molecular mechanics studies. Following the synthesis of the compounds using a peptide-coupling methodology, they were characterized for their ROCK2 inhibition, radical scavenging, effects on cell viability (MTT assay), and NRF2 induction (luciferase assay). One of the compounds (1d) was selected in view of its good multitarget profile and good tolerability. It was able to induce the NRF2 signature, promoting the expression of the antioxidant response enzymes HO-1 and NQO1, via a KEAP1-dependent mechanism. Analysis of mRNA and protein levels of the NRF2 pathway showed that 1d induced the NRF2 signature in control and SOD1-ALS lymphoblasts but not in sALS, where it was already increased in the basal state. These results show the therapeutic potential of this compound, especially for ALS patients with a SOD1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olmo Martín-Cámara
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Arribas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, and Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Morales-Tenorio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martín-Requero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Porras
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgio Giorgi
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Alvarado
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, and Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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TDP-43 Modulation by Tau-Tubulin Kinase 1 Inhibitors: A New Avenue for Future Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1585-1607. [PMID: 34978799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease without any effective treatment. Protein TDP-43 is a pathological hallmark of ALS in both sporadic and familiar patients. Post-translational modifications of TDP-43 promote its aggregation in the cytoplasm. Tau-Tubulin kinase (TTBK1) phosphorylates TDP-43 in cellular and animal models; thus, TTBK1 inhibitors emerge as a promising therapeutic strategy for ALS. The design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinase-ligand complex structure determination, and molecular modeling studies confirmed novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as valuable inhibitors for further development. Moreover, compound 29 revealed good brain penetration in vivo and was able to reduce TDP-43 phosphorylation not only in cell cultures but also in the spinal cord of transgenic TDP-43 mice. A shift to M2 anti-inflammatory microglia was also demonstrated in vivo. Both these activities led to motor neuron preservation in mice, proposing pyrrolopyrimidine 29 as a valuable lead compound for future ALS therapy.
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12
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Pampalakis G, Angelis G, Zingkou E, Vekrellis K, Sotiropoulou G. A chemogenomic approach is required for effective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e657. [PMID: 35064780 PMCID: PMC8783349 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal untreatable disease involving degeneration of motor neurons. Μultiple causative genes encoding proteins with versatile functions have been identified indicating that diverse biological pathways lead to ALS. Chemical entities still represent a promising choice to delay ALS progression, attenuate symptoms and/or increase life expectancy, but also gene-based and stem cell-based therapies are in the process of development, and some are tested in clinical trials. Various compounds proved effective in transgenic models overexpressing distinct ALS causative genes unfortunately though, they showed no efficacy in clinical trials. Notably, while animal models provide a uniform genetic background for preclinical testing, ALS patients are not stratified, and the distinct genetic forms of ALS are treated as one group, which could explain the observed discrepancies between treating genetically homogeneous mice and quite heterogeneous patient cohorts. We suggest that chemical entity-genotype correlation should be exploited to guide patient stratification for pharmacotherapy, that is administered drugs should be selected based on the ALS genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
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13
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Martínez-González L, Gonzalo-Consuegra C, Gómez-Almería M, Porras G, de Lago E, Martín-Requero Á, Martínez A. Tideglusib, a Non-ATP Competitive Inhibitor of GSK-3β as a Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168975. [PMID: 34445680 PMCID: PMC8396476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common degenerative motor neuron disease in adults. About 97% of ALS patients present TDP-43 aggregates with post-translational modifications, such as hyperphosphorylation, in the cytoplasm of affected cells. GSK-3β is one of the protein kinases involved in TDP-43 phosphorylation. Up-regulation of its expression and activity is reported on spinal cord and cortex tissues of ALS patients. Here, we propose the repurposing of Tideglusib, an in-house non-ATP competitive GSK-3β inhibitor that is currently in clinical trials for autism and myotonic dystrophy, as a promising therapeutic strategy for ALS. With this aim we have evaluated the efficacy of Tideglusib in different experimental ALS models both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we observed that GSK-3β activity is increased in lymphoblasts from sporadic ALS patients, with a simultaneous increase in TDP-43 phosphorylation and cytosolic TDP-43 accumulation. Treatment with Tideglusib decreased not only phospho-TDP-43 levels but also recovered its nuclear localization in ALS lymphoblasts and in a human TDP-43 neuroblastoma model. Additionally, we found that chronic oral treatment with Tideglusib is able to reduce the increased TDP-43 phosphorylation in the spinal cord of Prp-hTDP-43A315T mouse model. Therefore, we consider Tideglusib as a promising drug candidate for ALS, being proposed to start a clinical trial phase II by the end of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Calle Ramiro Maétzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (G.P.)
| | - Claudia Gonzalo-Consuegra
- Instituto de Investigación en Neuroquίmica, Departamento de Bioquίmica y Biologίa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (M.G.-A.); (E.d.L.)
| | - Marta Gómez-Almería
- Instituto de Investigación en Neuroquίmica, Departamento de Bioquίmica y Biologίa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (M.G.-A.); (E.d.L.)
| | - Gracia Porras
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Calle Ramiro Maétzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (G.P.)
| | - Eva de Lago
- Instituto de Investigación en Neuroquίmica, Departamento de Bioquίmica y Biologίa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (M.G.-A.); (E.d.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martín-Requero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Calle Ramiro Maétzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (G.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-R.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-918-37-12 (ext. 4222) (Á.M.-R.); +34-918-37-31-12 (ext. 4437) (A.M.)
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Calle Ramiro Maétzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (G.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-R.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-918-37-12 (ext. 4222) (Á.M.-R.); +34-918-37-31-12 (ext. 4437) (A.M.)
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14
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Molecular Alterations in Sporadic and SOD1-ALS Immortalized Lymphocytes: Towards a Personalized Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063007. [PMID: 33809456 PMCID: PMC8000750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological condition where motor neurons (MNs) degenerate. Most of the ALS cases are sporadic (sALS), whereas 10% are hereditarily transmitted (fALS), among which mutations are found in the gene that codes for the enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). A central question in ALS field is whether causative mutations display selective alterations not found in sALS patients, or they converge on shared molecular pathways. To identify specific and common mechanisms for designing appropriate therapeutic interventions, we focused on the SOD1-mutated (SOD1-ALS) versus sALS patients. Since ALS pathology involves different cell types other than MNs, we generated lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from sALS and SOD1-ALS patients and healthy donors and investigated whether they show changes in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, the antioxidant NRF2 pathway, inflammatory profile, and autophagic flux. Both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis appear to be upregulated in lymphoblasts from sALS and SOD1-ALS. Our results indicate significant differences in NRF2/ARE pathway between sALS and SOD1-ALS lymphoblasts. Furthermore, levels of inflammatory cytokines and autophagic flux discriminate between sALS and SOD1-ALS lymphoblasts. Overall, different molecular mechanisms are involved in sALS and SOD1-ALS patients and thus, personalized medicine should be developed for each case.
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15
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Tosat-Bitrián C, Avis-Bodas A, Porras G, Borrego-Hernández D, García-Redondo A, Martín-Requero A, Palomo V. CdSe Quantum Dots in Human Models Derived from ALS Patients: Characterization, Nuclear Penetration Studies and Multiplexing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030671. [PMID: 33803158 PMCID: PMC7998605 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CdSe quantum dots (QDs) are valuable tools for deciphering molecular mechanisms in cells. Their conjugation with antibodies offers a unique staining source with optimal characteristics, including increased photostability and narrow emission spectra, allowing for improved multiplexing capabilities using a single excitation source. In combination with pathology models derived from patients, they have great potential to contribute to quantitative molecular profiling and promote personalized medicine. However, the commercial availability of diverse CdSe QDs is still limited and characterization techniques must be performed to these materials or the conjugates developed in the lab to assure a proper function and reproducibility. Furthermore, while there is significant data of QDs experiments in cell lines, the literature with primary human cells is scarce, and QD behavior in these systems may be different. Rigorous characterization data of commercially available QDs and their conjugates with biomolecules of interest is needed in order to establish their potential for target labelling and expand their use among research labs. Here we compare the characterization and labelling performance of different QD conjugates in SH-SY5Y cell line, fibroblasts and immortalized lymphocytes derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Tosat-Bitrián
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-B.); (A.A.-B.); (G.P.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Alicia Avis-Bodas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-B.); (A.A.-B.); (G.P.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Gracia Porras
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-B.); (A.A.-B.); (G.P.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.B.-H.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Neurology Department, ALS Unit, CIBERER U-723, Health Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.B.-H.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Angeles Martín-Requero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-B.); (A.A.-B.); (G.P.); (A.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-B.); (A.A.-B.); (G.P.); (A.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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Targeting nuclear protein TDP-43 by cell division cycle kinase 7 inhibitors: A new therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112968. [PMID: 33139113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no known cure. Aggregates of the nuclear protein TDP-43 have been recognized as a hallmark of proteinopathy in both familial and sporadic cases of ALS. Post-translational modifications of this protein, include hyperphosphorylation, cause disruption of TDP-43 homeostasis and as a consequence, promotion of its neurotoxicity. Among the kinases involved in these changes, cell division cycle kinase 7 (CDC7) plays an important role by directly phosphorylating TDP-43. In the present manuscript the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of a new family of selective and ATP-competitive CDC7 inhibitors based on 6-mercaptopurine scaffold are described. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of these inhibitors to reduce TDP-43 phosphorylation in both cell cultures and transgenic animal models such as C. elegans and Prp-hTDP43 (A315T) mice. Altogether, the compounds described here may be useful as versatile tools to explore the role of CDC7 in TDP-43 phosphorylation and also as new drug candidates for the future development of ALS therapies.
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17
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Palomo V, Nozal V, Rojas-Prats E, Gil C, Martinez A. Protein kinase inhibitors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1316-1335. [PMID: 32737989 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that causes the progressive loss of motoneurons and, unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Interconnecting multiple pathological mechanisms are involved in the neuropathology of this disease, including abnormal aggregation of proteins, neuroinflammation and dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Such complex mechanisms, together with the lack of reliable animal models of the disease have hampered the development of drugs for this disease. Protein kinases, a key pharmacological target in several diseases, have been linked to ALS as they play a central role in the pathology of many diseases. Therefore several inhibitors are being currently trailed for clinical proof of concept in ALS patients. In this review, we examine the recent literature on protein kinase inhibitors currently in pharmaceutical development for this diseaseas future therapy for AS together with their involvement in the pathobiology of ALS. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Vaca G, Martinez-Gonzalez L, Fernandez A, Rojas-Prats E, Porras G, Cuevas EP, Gil C, Martinez A, Martin-Requero Á. Therapeutic potential of novel Cell Division Cycle Kinase 7 inhibitors on TDP-43-related pathogenesis such as Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Neurochem 2020; 156:379-390. [PMID: 32628315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 has been identified as the major component of protein aggregates found in affected neurons in FTLD-TDP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. TDP-43 is hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved in the C-terminus. CDC-7 was reported to phosphorylate TDP-43. There are no effective treatments for either FTLD-TDP or ALS, being a pressing need for the search of new therapies. We hypothesized that modulating CDC-7 activity with small molecules that are able to interfere with TDP-43 phosphorylation could be a good therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Here, we have studied the effects of novel brain penetrant, thiopurine-based, CDC-7 inhibitors in TDP-43 homeostasis in immortalized lymphocytes from FTLD-TDP patients, carriers of a loss-of-function GRN mutation, as well as in cells derived from sporadic ALS patients. We found that selective CDC-7 inhibitors, ERP1.14a and ERP1.28a, are able to decrease the enhanced TDP-43 phosphorylation in cells derived from FTLD-TDP and ALS patients and to prevent cytosolic accumulation of TDP-43. Moreover, treatment of FTLD-TDP lymphoblasts with CDC-7 inhibitors leads to recovering the nuclear function of TDP-43-inducing CDK6 repression. We suggest that CDC-7 inhibitors, mainly the heterocyclic compounds here shown, may be considered as promising drug candidates for the ALS/FTD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vaca
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Rojas-Prats
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Porras
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva P Cuevas
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martin-Requero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Buratti E. Targeting TDP-43 proteinopathy with drugs and drug-like small molecules. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1298-1315. [PMID: 32469420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of the involvement of the ribonucleoprotein TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), a major research focus has been to develop treatments that can prevent or alleviate these disease conditions. One pharmacological approach has been to use TDP-43-based disease models to test small molecules and drugs already known to have some therapeutic effect in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. In parallel, various disease models have been used to perform high-throughput screens of drugs and small compound libraries. The aim of this review will be to provide a general overview of the compounds that have been described to alter pathological characteristics of TDP-43. These include expression levels, cytoplasmic mis-localization, post-translational modifications, cleavage, stress granule recruitment and aggregation. In parallel, this review will also address the use of compounds that modify the autophagic/proteasome systems that are known to target TDP-43 misfolding and aggregation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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Motor neuron preservation and decrease of in vivo TDP-43 phosphorylation by protein CK-1δ kinase inhibitor treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4449. [PMID: 32157143 PMCID: PMC7064575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating disease where no treatment exists, involves the compartmentalization of the nuclear protein TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) in the cytoplasm which is promoted by its aberrant phosphorylation and others posttranslational modifications. Recently, it was reported that CK-1δ (protein casein kinase-1δ) is able to phosphorylate TDP-43. Here, the preclinical efficacy of a benzothiazole-based CK-1δ inhibitor IGS-2.7, both in a TDP-43 (A315T) transgenic mouse and in a human cell-based model of ALS, is shown. Treatment with IGS-2.7 produces a significant preservation of motor neurons in the anterior horn at lumbar level, a decrease in both astroglial and microglial reactivity in this area, and in TDP-43 phosphorylation in spinal cord samples. Furthermore, the recovery of TDP-43 homeostasis (phosphorylation and localization) in a human-based cell model from ALS patients after treatment with IGS-2.7 is also reported. Moreover, we have shown a trend to increase in CK-1δ mRNA in spinal cord and significantly in frontal cortex of sALS cases. All these data show for the first time the in vivo modulation of TDP-43 toxicity by CK-1δ inhibition with IGS-2.7, which may explain the benefits in the preservation of spinal motor neurons and point to the relevance of CK-1δ inhibitors in a future disease-modifying treatment for ALS.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signalling Induces Casein Kinase 1-Dependent Formation of Cytosolic TDP-43 Inclusions in Motor Neuron-Like Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1354-1364. [PMID: 31280399 PMCID: PMC7260270 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. One of the principal pathological hallmarks is the deposition of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 aggregation occurs in both familial and sporadic MND; however, the mechanism of endogenous TDP-43 aggregation in disease is incompletely understood. This study focused on the induction of cytoplasmic accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in the motor neuronal cell line NSC-34. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor tunicamycin induced casein kinase 1 (CK1)-dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in differentiated NSC-34 cells, as seen by immunocytochemistry. Immunoblotting showed that induction of ER stress had no effect on abundance of TDP-43 or phosphorylated TDP-43 in the NP-40/RIPA soluble fraction. However, there were significant increases in abundance of TDP-43 and phosphorylated TDP-43 in the NP-40/RIPA-insoluble, urea-soluble fraction, including high molecular weight species. In all cases, these increases were lowered by CK1 inhibition. Thus ER stress signalling, as induced by tunicamycin, causes CK1-dependent phosphorylation of TDP-43 and its consequent cytosolic accumulation.
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22
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Xu P, Ianes C, Gärtner F, Liu C, Burster T, Bakulev V, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Structure, regulation, and (patho-)physiological functions of the stress-induced protein kinase CK1 delta (CSNK1D). Gene 2019; 715:144005. [PMID: 31376410 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved pleiotropic CK1 family of serine/threonine-specific kinases are tightly regulated in the cell and play crucial regulatory roles in multiple cellular processes from protozoa to human. Since their dysregulation as well as mutations within their coding regions contribute to the development of various different pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, they have become interesting new drug targets within the last decade. However, to develop optimized CK1 isoform-specific therapeutics in personalized therapy concepts, a detailed knowledge of the regulation and functions of the different CK1 isoforms, their various splice variants and orthologs is mandatory. In this review we will focus on the stress-induced CK1 isoform delta (CK1δ), thereby addressing its regulation, physiological functions, the consequences of its deregulation for the development and progression of diseases, and its potential as therapeutic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Chiara Ianes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Congxing Liu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, Technology for Organic Synthesis Laboratory, 19 Mirastr., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Palomo V, Tosat-Bitrian C, Nozal V, Nagaraj S, Martin-Requero A, Martinez A. TDP-43: A Key Therapeutic Target beyond Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1183-1196. [PMID: 30785719 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of diseased neurons is the pathological hallmark of frontotemporal dementia-TDP (FTLD-TDP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), two diseases that lack efficacious medicine to prevent or to stop disease progression. The discovery of mutations in the TARDBP gene (encoding the nuclear protein known as TDP-43) in both FTLD and ALS patients provided evidence for a link between TDP-43 alterations and neurodegeneration. Our understanding of TDP-43 function has advanced profoundly in the past several years; however, its complete role and the molecular mechanisms that lead to disease are not fully understood. Here we summarize the recent studies of this protein, its relation to neurodegenerative diseases, and the therapeutic strategies for restoring its homeostasis with small molecules. Finally, we briefly discuss the available cellular and animal models that help to shed light on TDP-43 pathology and could serve as tools for the discovery of pharmacological agents for the treatment of TDP-43-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Siranjeevi Nagaraj
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Martin-Requero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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