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Zhang X, Tong X, Tang X, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhan X, Zhang X. Behavioral toxicity of TDCPP in marine zooplankton: Evidence from feeding and swimming responses, molecular dynamics and metabolomics of rotifers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170864. [PMID: 38401740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
As new organic flame retardants, chlorinated organophosphate esters (Cl-OPEs) have high water solubility and structural similarity to organophosphate pesticides, posing risks to aquatic organisms. The potential neurotoxicity of Cl-OPEs has attracted attention, especially in marine invertebrates with a relatively simple nervous system. In this study, a marine rotifer with a cerebral ganglion, Brachionus plicatilis, was exposed to tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) (two environmental concentrations and one extreme level), and the changes in feeding and swimming behaviors and internal mechanism were explored. Exposure to 1.05 nM TDCPP did not change the filtration and ingestion rates of rotifers and average linear velocity. But 0.42 and 4.20 μM TDCPP inhibited these three parameters and reduced unsaturated fatty acid content, reproduction and population growth. All TDCPP test concentrations suppressed AChE activity, causing excessive accumulation of acetylcholine within rotifers, thereby disturbing the neural innervation of corona cilia. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics revealed that this inhibition was because TDCPP can bind to the catalytic active site of rotifer AChE through van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions. TRP420 was the leading amino residue in the binding, and GLY207 contributed to a hydrogen bond. Nontargeted metabolomics using LC-MS and GC-MS identified differentially expressed metabolites in TDCPP treatments, mainly from lipid and lipid-like molecules, especially sphingolipids. TDCPP decreased ganglioside content but stimulated ceramide generation and the expression levels of 3 genes related to ceramide de novo synthesis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content decreased, and the electron respiratory chain complex and TCA cycle were deactivated. An inhibitor of ceramide synthase, fumonisin, alleviated MMP and ATP, implying a critical role of ceramide in mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, TDCPP exposure caused an energy supply deficit affecting ciliary movement and ultimately inhibiting rotifer behaviors. Overall, this study promotes the understanding of the neurotoxicity of Cl-OPEs in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luyuchen Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhan
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Ya'ar Bar S, Pintel N, Abd Alghne H, Khattib H, Avni D. The therapeutic potential of sphingolipids for cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1224743. [PMID: 37608809 PMCID: PMC10440740 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1224743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of CVD. Despite considerable progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms and various treatment options available, significant gaps in therapy necessitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Sphingolipids are a family of lipids that have gained attention in recent years as important players in CVDs and the inflammatory processes that underlie their development. As preclinical studies have shown that targeting sphingolipids can modulate inflammation and ameliorate CVDs, targeting sphingolipids has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the current understanding of sphingolipids' involvement in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the existing therapeutic approaches and gaps in therapy, and explores the potential of sphingolipids-based drugs as a future avenue for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Ya'ar Bar
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hesen Abd Alghne
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College Department of Biotechnology, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College Department of Biotechnology, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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3
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Fang M, Liu J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu J, Lin Z. Chloroquine Protects Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Neonatal Brain Injury in Rats by Mitigating Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1764-1773. [PMID: 37116216 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain damage (HIBD) is a devastating condition for which there are presently no effective therapeutic strategies against its severe neurological deficits in neonates and young children. Traditionally, H/I induces the compromise of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which causes neuronal cell death, eventually resulting in brain secondary injury. In addition to neonatal HIBD, chloroquine (CQ) has been proved to exert a protective effect on BBB disruption in several brain injury models. The main purpose of this research was to study whether CQ protects the BBB from H/I insult and confers beneficial neuroprotection in the neonatal Rice-Vannucci rat model. Herein, we reported that CQ administration significantly reduced brain damage and improved behavioral dysplasia after H/I injury. Moreover, we demonstrated the protective effects of CQ on BBB integrity, evidenced by ameliorating brain edema and Evans blue extravasation, inhibiting the degeneration of the tight junction and adherens junction proteins, and improving pericyte survival in neonatal rats after HIBD. These findings indicated that CQ administration protected the BBB against H/I injury, thereby ameliorating brain damage and promoting neurofunctional recovery. Collectively, our data demonstrated that CQ played a crucial role in BBB integrity after neonatal H/I injury, which sheds light on the development of therapeutic agents to treat HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Dong B, Jiang Y, Liu D, Xie K, Yu Y. Expression pattern and clinical value of Key RNA methylation modification regulators in ischemic stroke. Front Genet 2022; 13:1009145. [PMID: 36263422 PMCID: PMC9574037 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and effective diagnosis and treatment methods are lacking. RNA methylation, a common epigenetic modification, plays an important role in disease progression. However, little is known about the role of RNA methylation modification in the regulation of IS. The aim of this study was to investigate RNA methylation modification patterns and immune infiltration characteristics in IS through bioinformatics analysis. We downloaded gene expression profiles of control and IS model rat brain tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. IS profiles were divided into two subtypes based on RNA methylation regulators, and functional enrichment analyses were conducted to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the subtypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to explore co-expression modules and genes based on DEGs. The IS clinical diagnosis model was successfully constructed and four IS characteristic genes (GFAP, GPNMB, FKBP9, and CHMP5) were identified, which were significantly upregulated in IS samples. Characteristic genes were verified by receiver operating characteristic curve and real-time quantitative PCR analyses. The correlation between characteristic genes and infiltrating immune cells was determined by correlation analysis. Furthermore, GPNMB was screened using the protein-protein interaction network, and its regulatory network and the potential therapeutic drug chloroquine were predicted. Our finding describes the expression pattern and clinical value of key RNA methylation modification regulators in IS and novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets of IS from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghao Yu,
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6
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Ashmawy AI, El-Abhar HS, Abdallah DM, Ali MA. Chloroquine modulates the sulforaphane anti-obesity mechanisms in a high-fat diet model: Role of JAK-2/ STAT-3/ SOCS-3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175066. [PMID: 35643302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN) has been studied for its potential anti-obesity effect, but neither its molecular targets nor its interaction with the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) has been fully delineated. Therefore, high-fat diet (HFD) obese rats were randomly allocated into one of five groups and were left untreated or gavaged orally with SFN (0.5 or 1 mg/kg), CQ (5 mg/kg), or their combination (0.5/5 mg/kg) for six successive weeks to assess their potential interaction and the enrolled mechanisms. SFN effectively reduced the HFD-induced weight gain, blood glucose, and serum leptin levels, and improved lipid profile. On the molecular level, SFN inhibited the lipogenesis-related enzymes, namely sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in both liver and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of HFD obese rats. SFN also turned off the inflammatory pathway conserved Janus kinase/signaling transducers and activators of transcription/suppressor of cytokine signaling (JAK-2/STAT-3/SOCS-3) in these tissues, as well as the inflammatory markers nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κ) B and interleukin (IL)-22 in serum. In contrast, SFN downregulated the gene expression of microRNA (miR-200a), while significantly increasing the autophagic parameters; viz., beclin-1, autophagy-related protein (ATG)-7, and microtubule-associated protein 2 light chain 3 (LC3-II) in both liver and vWAT. On most of the parameters mentioned above, treatment with CQ solely produced a satisfactory effect and intensified the low dose of SFN in the combination regimen. These findings demonstrated the beneficial effects of using CQ as an add-on anti-obesity medicine to SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Ashmawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Schnackenberg LK, Thorn DA, Barnette D, Jones EE. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: an emerging tool in neurology. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:105-121. [PMID: 34347208 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disease and disorders remain a large public health threat. Thus, research to improve early detection and/or develop more effective treatment approaches are necessary. Although there are many common techniques and imaging modalities utilized to study these diseases, existing approaches often require a label which can be costly and time consuming. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a label-free, innovative and emerging technique that produces 2D ion density maps representing the distribution of an analyte(s) across a tissue section in relation to tissue histopathology. One main advantage of MALDI IMS over other imaging modalities is its ability to determine the spatial distribution of hundreds of analytes within a single imaging run, without the need for a label or any a priori knowledge. Within the field of neurology and disease there have been several impactful studies in which MALDI IMS has been utilized to better understand the cellular pathology of the disease and or severity. Furthermore, MALDI IMS has made it possible to map specific classes of analytes to regions of the brain that otherwise may have been lost using more traditional methods. This review will highlight key studies that demonstrate the potential of this technology to elucidate previously unknown phenomenon in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Schnackenberg
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - David A Thorn
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Dustyn Barnette
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - E Ellen Jones
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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Sipione S, Monyror J, Galleguillos D, Steinberg N, Kadam V. Gangliosides in the Brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:572965. [PMID: 33117120 PMCID: PMC7574889 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.572965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids highly abundant in the nervous system, and carry most of the sialic acid residues in the brain. Gangliosides are enriched in cell membrane microdomains ("lipid rafts") and play important roles in the modulation of membrane proteins and ion channels, in cell signaling and in the communication among cells. The importance of gangliosides in the brain is highlighted by the fact that loss of function mutations in ganglioside biosynthetic enzymes result in severe neurodegenerative disorders, often characterized by very early or childhood onset. In addition, changes in the ganglioside profile (i.e., in the relative abundance of specific gangliosides) were reported in healthy aging and in common neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. At least in HD, PD and in some forms of epilepsy, experimental evidence strongly suggests a potential role of gangliosides in disease pathogenesis and potential treatment. In this review, we will summarize ganglioside functions that are crucial to maintain brain health, we will review changes in ganglioside levels that occur in major neurological conditions and we will discuss their contribution to cellular dysfunctions and disease pathogenesis. Finally, we will review evidence of the beneficial roles exerted by gangliosides, GM1 in particular, in disease models and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhang YP, Cui QY, Zhang TM, Yi Y, Nie JJ, Xie GH, Wu JH. Chloroquine pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain of ob/ob diabetic mice as well as wildtype mice. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146518. [PMID: 31647899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine, a prototype anti-malaria drug, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment could improve DNA damage repair. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that chloroquine pretreatment could attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Considering the fact that chloroquine could also improve glucose metabolism, we speculated that the potential effects of chloroquine on ischemia/reperfusion injury might be particularly pronounced in diabetic mice. In this study, chloroquine pretreatment protected neurons from Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In vivo, Ob/ob mice and wildtype (WT) mice were pretreated with chloroquine for 3 weeks. Then, ischemic stroke was induced by 60 min Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). We found that chloroquine pretreatment normalized blood glucose in diabetic ob/ob mice, and reduced cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially for diabetic mice. In addition, chloroquine pretreatment reduced High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum and lowered myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inflammatory cytokines gene expression both in the ob/ob diabetic mice and WT mice. Moreover, harmful DNA damage-signaling responses, including PARP activation and p53 activation, were also attenuated by chloroquine pretreatment in these two kinds of mice. In conclusion, chloroquine pretreatment could reduce cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially in diabetic mice through multiple mechanisms, which include reducing neural cell DNA injury, restoring euglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings may provide potential for the development of chloroquine in the prevention and treatment of stroke in diabetic high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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