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Ferreira AFF, Ulrich H, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Britto LR. Neurodegeneration and glial morphological changes are both prevented by TRPM2 inhibition during the progression of a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114780. [PMID: 38649091 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuron death and neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in neuron death and glial activation in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the involvement of TRPM2 in PD and specifically its relation to the neuroinflammation aspect of the disease remains poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that AG490, a TRPM2 inhibitor, can be used as a treatment in a mouse model of PD. Mice underwent stereotaxic surgery for 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration in the right striatum. Motor behavioral tests (apomorphine, cylinder, and rotarod) were performed on day 3 post-injection to confirm the PD model induction. AG490 was then daily injected i.p. between days 3 to 6 after surgery. On day 6, motor behavior was assessed again. Substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum (CPu) were collected for immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR analysis on day 7. Our results revealed that AG490 post-treatment reduced motor behavior impairment and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. In addition, the compound prevented TRPM2 upregulation and changes of the Akt/GSK-3β/caspase-3 signaling pathway. The TRPM2 inhibition also avoids the glial morphology changes observed in the PD group. Remarkably, the morphometrical analysis revealed that the ameboid-shaped microglia, found in 6-OHDA-injected animals, were no longer present in the AG490-treated group. These results indicate that AG490 treatment can reduce dopaminergic neuronal death and suppress neuroinflammation in a PD mouse model. Inhibition of TRPM2 by AG490 could then represent a potential therapeutical strategy to be evaluated for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia F Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Dietz RM, Dingman AL, Herson PS. Cerebral ischemia in the developing brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1777-1796. [PMID: 35765984 PMCID: PMC9536116 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischemia affects all ages, from neonates to the elderly population, and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Multiple preclinical rodent models involving different ages have been developed to investigate the effect of ischemia during different times of key brain maturation events. Traditional models of developmental brain ischemia have focused on rodents at postnatal day 7-10, though emerging models in juvenile rodents (postnatal days 17-25) indicate that there may be fundamental differences in neuronal injury and functional outcomes following focal or global cerebral ischemia at different developmental ages, as well as in adults. Here, we consider the timing of injury in terms of excitation/inhibition balance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, blood brain barrier integrity, and white matter injury. Finally, we review translational strategies to improve function after ischemic brain injury, including new ideas regarding neurorestoration, or neural repair strategies that restore plasticity, at delayed time points after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andra L Dingman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Role of TRPM2 in brain tumours and potential as a drug target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:759-770. [PMID: 34108651 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are ubiquitously expressed in almost all living cells, and are the third-largest category of drug targets, following enzymes and receptors. The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily of ion channels are important to cell function and survival. Studies have shown upregulation of the TRPM family of ion channels in various brain tumours. Gliomas are the most prevalent form of primary malignant brain tumours with no effective treatment; thus, drug development is eagerly needed. TRPM2 is an essential ion channel for cell function and has important roles in oxidative stress and inflammation. In response to oxidative stress, ADP-ribose (ADPR) is produced, and in turn activates TRPM2 by binding to the NUDT9-H domain on the C-terminal. TRPM2 has been implicated in various cancers and is significantly upregulated in brain tumours. This article reviews the current understanding of TRPM2 in the context of brain tumours and overviews the effects of potential drug therapies targeting TRPM2 including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), curcumin, docetaxel and selenium, paclitaxel and resveratrol, and botulinum toxin. It is long withstanding knowledge that gliomas are difficult to treat effectively, therefore investigating TRPM2 as a potential therapeutic target for brain tumours may be of considerable interest in the fields of ion channels and pharmacology.
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Yan G, Tao Z, Xing X, Zhou Z, Wang X, Li X, Li F. Down-Regulated microRNA-192-5p Protects Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage via Regulation of YAP1-Mediated Hippo Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1243-1254. [PMID: 35084661 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a familiar neurological disorder. Emerging reports manifest that microRNAs (miRs) are related to the progression of HIBD. The goal of this study is to explore the mechanism of miR-192-5p in HIBD via regulation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-mediated Hippo signaling pathway. The miR-192-5p, YAP1, and Hippo pathway-related factors Phospho (p)-Triaminoguanidinium azide (TAZ) in hippocampal tissues and neurons were detected. The regulatory relationship between miR-192-5p and YAP1 was verified. Neonatal hypoxic ischemia and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to simulate HIBD in vivo and in vitro. The neurobehavioral impairment, neuronal damage and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of neonatal rats in each group were detected. The viability, apoptosis and VEGF expression of hippocampal neurons in each group were also examined. MiR-192-5p expression was elevated while YAP1 expression was reduced in hippocampal tissues of HIBD rats in vivo and OGD neurons in vitro. MiR-192-5p had a targeting relation with YAP1. Suppressed miR-192-5p or overexpressed YAP1 in HIBD rats alleviated neurobehavioral impairment and neuronal damage, and decreased the expression levels of p-TAZ and VEGF expression in vivo. Reduced miR-192-5p or augmented YAP1 decelerated the neuron apoptosis, decreased the p-TAZ level and VEGF level and promoted cell viability of OGD hippocampal neurons in vitro. The study highlights that inhibited miR-192-5p protects against HIBD via regulation of YAP1 and Hippo signaling pathway, which is beneficial for HIBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Yan
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwei Tao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, 430090, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobing Xing
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Ziying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Fengguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China.
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JAK2/STAT3 inhibition attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via promoting autophagy: in vitro and in vivo study. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2857-2867. [PMID: 35067814 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes severe injury to the intestine, leading to systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. Autophagy is a stress-response mechanism that can protect against I/R injury by removing damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates. Recent evidence has identified JAK-STAT signaling pathway as a new regulator of autophagy process, however, their regulatory relationship in intestinal I/R remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We systematically analyzed intestinal transcriptome data and found that JAK-STAT pathway was largely activated in response to I/R with most significant upregulation observed for JAK2 and STAT3. ChIP-Seq and luciferase assays in an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation model revealed that activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling directly inhibited the transcription of autophagy regulator Beclin-1, leading to the suppression of autophagy and the activation of intestinal cell death. These findings were further confirmed in an in vivo mouse model, in which, intestinal I/R injury was associated with the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the deactivation of Beclin-1-mediated autophagy, while inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 with AG490 reactivated autophagy and improved survival after intestinal I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS JAK2/STAT3 signaling suppresses autophagy process during intestinal I/R, while inhibiting JAK-STAT can be protective against intestinal I/R injury by activating autophagy. These findings expand our knowledge on intestinal I/R injury and provide therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.
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Ferreira AFF, Singulani MP, Ulrich H, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Britto LR. Inhibition of TRPM2 by AG490 Is Neuroprotective in a Parkinson's Disease Animal Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1543-1559. [PMID: 35000153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor impairment and dopaminergic neuronal loss. There is no cure for the disease, and treatments have several limitations. The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel, has been reported to be upregulated in neuronal death. However, there are no in vivo studies evaluating TRPM2's role and neuroprotective effects in PD. Here, we test the hypothesis that TRPM2 is upregulated in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model of PD and that its inhibition, by the AG490, is neuroprotective. For that, AG490 or vehicle were intraperitoneally administered into C57BL/6 mice. Mice then received 6-OHDA into the right striatum. Motor behavior assessments were evaluated 6, 13, and 20 days after surgery using the cylinder and apomorphine-induced rotational testes, and 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery using rotarod test. Brain samples of substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum (CPu) were collected for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting on days 7 and 21. We showed that TRPM2 protein expression was upregulated in 6-OHDA-treated animals. In addition, AG490 prevented dopaminergic neuron loss, microglial activation, and astrocyte reactivity in 6-OHDA-treated animals. The compound improved motor behaviors and Akt/GSK-3β/caspase-3 signaling. We conclude that TRPM2 inhibition by AG490 is neuroprotective in the 6-OHDA model and that the TRPM2 channel may represent a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Monique Patricio Singulani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences - LIM27, Department & Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ovcjak A, Xiao A, Kim JS, Xu B, Szeto V, Turlova E, Abussaud A, Chen NH, Miller SP, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Ryanodine receptor inhibitor dantrolene reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:113985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang YY, Lin SY, Chang CY, Wu CC, Chen WY, Liao SL, Chen YF, Wang WY, Chen CJ. Jak2 Inhibitor AG490 Improved Poststroke Central and Peripheral Inflammation and Metabolic Abnormalities in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121958. [PMID: 34943061 PMCID: PMC8750281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poststroke hyperglycemia and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. Janus Kinase 2 (Jak2), a catalytic signaling component for cytokine receptors such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), has inflammatory and metabolic properties. This study aimed to investigate the roles of Jak2 in poststroke inflammation and metabolic abnormality in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia. Pretreatment with Jak2 inhibitor AG490 ameliorated neurological deficit, brain infarction, edema, oxidative stress, inflammation, caspase-3 activation, and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) reduction. Moreover, in injured cortical tissues, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were reduced with concurrent decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 phosphorylation, Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 1 expression, and Matrix Metalloproteinase activity. In the in vitro study on bEnd.3 endothelial cells, AG490 diminished IL-6-induced endothelial barrier disruption by decreasing ZO-1 decline. Metabolically, administration of AG490 lowered fasting glucose, with improvements in glucose intolerance, plasma-free fatty acids, and plasma C Reactive Proteins. In conclusion, AG490 improved the inflammation and oxidative stress of neuronal, hepatic, and muscle tissues of stroke rats as well as impairing insulin signaling in the liver and skeletal muscles. Therefore, Jak2 blockades may have benefits for combating poststroke central and peripheral inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung City 420, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
- Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 840, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2359-2525 (ext. 4022)
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Functional Restoration following Global Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice following Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential M2 (TRPM2) Ion Channels. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8774663. [PMID: 34659399 PMCID: PMC8514917 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8774663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal cell death and cognitive dysfunction are common following global cerebral ischemia across all ages, including children. Most research has focused on preventing neuronal death. Restoration of neuronal function after cell death is an alternative approach (neurorestoration). We previously identified transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) ion channels as a potential target for acute neuroprotection and delayed neurorestoration in an adult CA/CPR mouse model. Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) in juvenile (p20-25) mice was used to investigate the role of ion TRPM2 channels in neuroprotection and ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction in the developing brain. Our novel TRPM2 inhibitor, tatM2NX, did not confer protection against CA1 pyramidal cell death but attenuated synaptic plasticity (long-term plasticity (LTP)) deficits in both sexes. Further, in vivo administration of tatM2NX two weeks after CA/CPR reduced LTP impairments and restored memory function. These data provide evidence that pharmacological synaptic restoration of the surviving hippocampal network can occur independent of neuroprotection via inhibition of TRPM2 channels, providing a novel strategy to improve cognitive recovery in children following cerebral ischemia. Importantly, these data underscore the importance of age-appropriate models in disease research.
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10
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Chen X, Chen D, Li Q, Wu S, Pan J, Liao Y, Zheng X, Zeng W. Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Synaptic Loss and Cognitive Impairment via Inhibition of Microglial NOX2 Activation in the Hippocampus of Neonatal Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6643171. [PMID: 33628369 PMCID: PMC7895593 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6643171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal hypoxia is a universal cause of death and neurological deficits in neonates worldwide. Activation of microglial NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) leads to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to hypoxic damage in the developing brain. Dexmedetomidine has been reported to exert potent neuroprotection in several neurological diseases, but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine acts through microglial NOX2 to reduce neonatal hypoxic brain damage. METHODS The potential role of microglial NOX2 in dexmedetomidine-mediated alleviation of hypoxic damage was evaluated in cultured BV2 microglia and neonatal rats subjected to hypoxia. In vivo, neonatal rats received dexmedetomidine (25 μg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before or immediately after hypoxia (5% O2, 2 h). Apocynin-mediated NOX inhibition and lentivirus-mediated NOX2 overexpression were applied to further assess the involvement of microglial NOX2 activation. RESULTS Pre- or posttreatment with dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment, restored damaged synapses, and increased postsynaptic density-95 and synaptophysin protein expression following neonatal hypoxia. Importantly, dexmedetomidine treatment suppressed hypoxia-induced microglial NOX2 activation and subsequent oxidative stress and the neuroinflammatory response, as reflected by reduced 4-hydroxynonenal and ROS accumulation, and decreased nuclear NF-κB p65 and proinflammatory cytokine levels in cultured BV2 microglia and the developing hippocampus. In addition, treating primary hippocampal neurons with conditioned medium (CM) from hypoxia-activated BV2 microglia resulted in neuronal damage, which was alleviated by CM from dexmedetomidine-treated microglia. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was reversed in NOX2-overexpressing BV2 microglia and diminished in apocynin-pretreated neonatal rats. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine targets microglial NOX2 to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and subsequently protects against hippocampal synaptic loss following neonatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongtai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Huang W, Xiao F, Huang W, Wei Q, Li X. RETRACTED: MicroRNA-29a-3p strengthens the effect of dexmedetomidine on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting HDAC4. Brain Res Bull 2021; 167:71-79. [PMID: 33232741 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figs. 2B+E, which appear to have the same eyebrow shaped phenotype as many other publications tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0). The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However, the authors were not responsive to the request for comment. Since original data could not be provided, the overall validity of the results could not be confirmed. Therefore, the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, 533000, China.
| | - Faling Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Qiaosong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Xisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, 533000, China
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12
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Wang Q, Liu N, Ni YS, Yang JM, Ma L, Lan XB, Wu J, Niu JG, Yu JQ. TRPM2 in ischemic stroke: Structure, molecular mechanisms, and drug intervention. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:136-154. [PMID: 33455532 PMCID: PMC7833771 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1870088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has a high lethality rate worldwide, and novel treatments are limited. Calcium overload is considered to be one of the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive calcium channel. Cerebral ischemia-induced TRPM2 activation triggers abnormal intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and cell death, which in turn causes irreversible brain damage. Thus, TRPM2 has emerged as a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. This review provides data on the expression, structure, and function of TRPM2 and illustrates its cellular and molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Natural and synthetic TRPM2 inhibitors (both specific and nonspecific) are also summarized. The three-dimensional protein structure of TRPM2 has been identified, and we speculate that molecular simulation techniques will be essential for developing new drugs that block TRPM2 channels. These insights about TRPM2 may be the key to find potent therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan-Shu Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Steinman J, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Microvascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:618986. [PMID: 33536876 PMCID: PMC7849053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.618986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with continual decline in cognition and ability to perform routine functions such as remembering familiar places or understanding speech. For decades, amyloid beta (Aβ) was viewed as the driver of AD, triggering neurodegenerative processes such as inflammation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This approach has not yielded therapeutics that cure the disease or significant improvements in long-term cognition through removal of plaques and Aβ oligomers. Some researchers propose alternate mechanisms that drive AD or act in conjunction with amyloid to promote neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the status of AD research and examines research directions including and beyond Aβ, such as tau, inflammation, and protein clearance mechanisms. The effect of aging on microvasculature is highlighted, including its contribution to reduced blood flow that impairs cognition. Microvascular alterations observed in AD are outlined, emphasizing imaging studies of capillary malfunction. The review concludes with a discussion of two therapies to protect tissue without directly targeting Aβ for removal: (1) administration of growth factors to promote vascular recovery in AD; (2) inhibiting activity of a calcium-permeable ion channels to reduce microglial activation and restore cerebral vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Steinman
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hamdy N, Eide S, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Animal models for neonatal brain injury induced by hypoxic ischemic conditions in rodents. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113457. [PMID: 32889009 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and resulting encephalopathies are of significant concern. Intrapartum asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal death globally. Among surviving infants, there remains a high incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, manifesting as mild conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and debilitating disorders such as cerebral palsy. Various animal models of neonatal hypoxic brain injury have been implemented to explore cellular and molecular mechanisms, assess the potential of novel therapeutic strategies, and characterize the functional and behavioural correlates of injury. Each of the animal models has individual advantages and limitations. The present review looks at several widely-used and alternative rodent models of neonatal hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia; it highlights their strengths and limitations, and their potential for continued and improved use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hamdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sarah Eide
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Zhao Y, Yang J, Li C, Zhou G, Wan H, Ding Z, Wan H, Zhou H. Role of the neurovascular unit in the process of cerebral ischemic injury. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105103. [PMID: 32739425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury exhibits both high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional research of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury has focused on separate analyses of the involved cell types. In recent years, the neurovascular unit (NVU) mechanism of cerebral ischemic injury has been proposed in modern medicine. Hence, more effective strategies for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury may be provided through comprehensive analysis of brain cells and the extracellular matrix. However, recent studies that have investigated the function of the NVU in cerebral ischemic injury have been insufficient. In addition, the metabolism and energy conversion of the NVU depend on interactions among multiple cell types, which make it difficult to identify the unique contribution of each cell type. Therefore, in the present review, we comprehensively summarize the regulatory effects and recovery mechanisms of four major cell types (i.e., astrocytes, microglia, brain-microvascular endothelial cells, and neurons) in the NVU under cerebral ischemic injury, as well as discuss the interactions among these cell types in the NVU. Furthermore, we discuss the common signaling pathways and signaling factors that mediate cerebral ischemic injury in the NVU, which may help to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive elucidation of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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