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Mustafin RN. A hypothesis about interrelations of epigenetic factors and transposable elements in memory formation. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:476-486. [PMID: 39280851 PMCID: PMC11393658 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The review describes the hypothesis that the drivers of epigenetic regulation in memory formation are transposable elements that influence the expression of specific genes in the brain. The hypothesis is confirmed by research into transposon activation in neuronal stem cells during neuronal differentiation. These changes occur in the hippocampus dentate gyrus, where a pronounced activity of transposons and their insertion near neuron-specific genes have been detected. In experiments on changing the activity of histone acetyltransferase and inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and reverse transcriptase, the involvement of epigenetic factors and retroelements in the mechanisms of memory formation has been shown. Also, a number of studies on different animals have revealed the preservation of long-term memory without the participation of synaptic plasticity. The data obtained suggest that transposons, which are genome sensors highly sensitive to various environmental and internal influences, form memory at the nuclear coding level. Therefore, long-term memory is preserved after elimination of synaptic connections. This is confirmed by the fact that the proteins involved in memory formation, including the transfer of genetic information through synapses between neurons (Arc protein), originate from transposons. Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs also originate from transposons; their role in memory consolidation has been described. Pathological activation of transposable elements is a likely cause of neurodegenerative diseases with memory impairment. Analysis of the scientific literature allowed us to identify changes in the expression of 40 microRNAs derived from transposons in Alzheimer's disease. For 24 of these microRNAs, the mechanisms of regulation of genes involved in the functioning of the brain have been described. It has been suggested that the microRNAs we identified could become potential tools for regulating transposon activity in the brain in order to improve memory.
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Jang YO, Roh Y, Shin W, Jo S, Koo B, Liu H, Kim MG, Lee HJ, Qiao Z, Lee EY, Lee M, Lee J, Lee EJ, Shin Y. Transferrin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the isolation of brain-derived blood exosomal MicroRNAs: A novel approach for Parkinson's disease diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1306:342623. [PMID: 38692796 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived exosomes circulate in the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, serving as potential indicators of neurological disease progression. These exosomes present a promising avenue for the early and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. Notably, miRNAs found in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer distinct diagnostic benefits due to their stability, abundance, and resistance to breakdown. RESULTS In this study, we introduce a method using transferrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (TMNs) to isolate these exosomes from the plasma of patients with neurological disorders. This TMNs technique is both quick (<35 min) and cost-effective, requiring no high-priced ingredients or elaborate equipment for EV extraction. Our method successfully isolated EVs from 33 human plasma samples, including those from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Dementia. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we evaluated the potential of 8 exosomal miRNA profiles as biomarker candidates. Six exosomal miRNA biomarkers (miR-195-5p, miR-495-3p, miR-23b-3P, miR-30c-2-3p, miR-323a-3p, and miR-27a-3p) were consistently linked with all stages of PD. SIGNIFICANCE The TMNs method provides a practical, cost-efficient way to isolate EVs from biological samples, paving the way for non-invasive neurological diagnoses. Furthermore, the identified miRNA biomarkers in these exosomes may emerge as innovative tools for precise diagnosis in neurological disorders including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyang Jo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu X, Lu P, Zeng X, Jin S, Chen X. Study on the Mechanism for SIRT1 during the Process of Exercise Improving Depression. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050719. [PMID: 37239191 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the onset of depression has been the focus of current research in the neuroscience field. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a key player in regulating energy metabolism, and it can regulate depression by mediating the inflammatory response (e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), gene expression in the nucleus accumben (NAc) and CA1 region of the hippocampus (e.g., nescient helix-loop-helix2 (NHLH2), monoamine oxidase (MAO-A), and 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)), and neuronal regeneration in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Exercise is an important means to improve energy metabolism and depression, but it remains to be established how SIRT1 acts during exercise and improves depression. By induction and analysis, SIRT1 can be activated by exercise and then improve the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), inhibit the inflammatory response (suppression of the NF-κB and TNF-α/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)/5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways), and promote neurogenesis (activation of the insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) pathways, etc.), thereby improving depression. The present review gives a summary and an outlook based on this finding and makes an analysis, which will provide a new rationale and insight for the mechanism by which exercise improves depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qiu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xinyu Zeng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Puig-Parnau I, Garcia-Brito S, Vila-Soles L, Riberas A, Aldavert-Vera L, Segura-Torres P, Kádár E, Huguet G. Intracranial Self-stimulation of the Medial Forebrain Bundle Ameliorates Memory Disturbances and Pathological Hallmarks in an Alzheimer's Disease Model by Intracerebral Administration of Amyloid-β in Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 512:16-31. [PMID: 36646411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
No curative or fully effective treatments are currently available for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Electrical stimulation of deep brain areas has been proposed as a novel neuromodulatory therapeutic approach. Previous research from our lab demonstrates that intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) targeting medial forebrain bundle (MFB) facilitates explicit and implicit learning and memory in rats with age or lesion-related memory impairment. At a molecular level, MFB-ICSS modulates the expression of plasticity and neuroprotection-related genes in memory-related brain areas. On this basis, we suggest that MFB could be a promising stimulation target for AD treatment. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of MFB-ICSS on both explicit memory as well as the levels of neuropathological markers ptau and drebrin (DBN) in memory-related areas, in an AD rat model obtained by Aβ icv-injection. A total of 36 male rats were trained in the Morris water maze on days 26-30 after Aβ injection and tested on day 33. Results demonstrate that this Aβ model displayed spatial memory impairment in the retention test, accompanied by changes in the levels of DBN and ptau in lateral entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, resembling pathological alterations in early AD. Administration of MFB-ICSS treatment consisting of 5 post-training sessions to AD rats managed to reverse the memory deficits as well as the alteration in ptau and DBN levels. Thus, this paper reports both cognitive and molecular effects of a post-training reinforcing deep brain stimulation procedure in a sporadic AD model for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soleil Garcia-Brito
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Unitat Psicobiologia, Institut de Neurociències, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Vila-Soles
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Unitat Psicobiologia, Institut de Neurociències, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Riberas
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Biologia, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Aldavert-Vera
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Unitat Psicobiologia, Institut de Neurociències, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Segura-Torres
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Unitat Psicobiologia, Institut de Neurociències, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Biologia, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Huguet
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Biologia, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Vila-Solés L, García-Brito S, Aldavert-Vera L, Kádár E, Huguet G, Morgado-Bernal I, Segura-Torres P. Protocol to assess rewarding brain stimulation as a learning and memory modulating treatment: Comparison between self-administration and experimenter-administration. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1046259. [PMID: 36590922 PMCID: PMC9798322 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1046259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial electrical self-stimulation (ICSS) is a useful procedure in animal research. This form of administration ensures that areas of the brain reward system (BRS) are being functionally activated, since the animals must perform an operant response to self-administer an electrical stimulus. Rewarding post-training ICSS of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), an important system of the BRS, has been shown to consistently improve rats' acquisition and retention in several learning tasks. In the clinical setting, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of different targets is currently being used to palliate the memory impairment that occurs in some neurodegenerative diseases. However, the stimulation of the MFB has only been used to treat emotional alterations, not memory disorders. Since DBS stimulation treatments in humans are exclusively administered by external sources, studies comparing the efficacy of that form of application to a self-administered stimulation are key to the translationality of ICSS. This protocol compares self-administered (ICSS) and experimenter-administered (EAS) stimulation of the MFB on the spatial Morris Water Maze task (MWM). c-Fos immunohistochemistry procedure was carried out to evaluate neural activation after retention. Results show that the stimulation of the MFB improves the MWM task regardless of the form of administration, although some differences in c-Fos expression were found. Present results suggest that MFB-ICSS is a valid animal model to study the effects of MFB electrical stimulation on memory, which could guide clinical applications of DBS. The present protocol is a useful guide for establishing ICSS behavior in rats, which could be used as a learning and memory-modulating treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Vila-Solés
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soleil García-Brito
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Soleil García-Brito,
| | - Laura Aldavert-Vera
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Huguet
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morgado-Bernal
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Segura-Torres
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen X, Yu J, Zheng L, Deng Z, Li H. Quercetin and lycopene co-administration prevents oxidative damage induced by d-galactose in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Resveratrol and neuroprotection: an insight into prospective therapeutic approaches against Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4384-4404. [PMID: 35545730 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive impairment; yet, there is currently no treatment. A buildup of Aβ, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD is pathogenic. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in these neurocognitive areas is a significant characteristic of the disease. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation has been proposed as the critical therapeutic approach for AD treatment. Resveratrol has been demonstrated in multiple studies to have a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristic and the ability to minimize Aβ peptides aggregation and toxicity in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, stimulating neurogenesis and inhibiting hippocampal degeneration. Furthermore, resveratrol's antioxidant effect promotes neuronal development by activating the silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1), which can protect against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. Resveratrol-induced SIRT1 activation is becoming more crucial in developing novel therapeutic options for AD and other diseases that have neurodegenerative characteristics. This review highlighted a better knowledge of resveratrol's mechanism of action and its promising therapeutic efficacy in treating AD. We also highlighted the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an AD therapeutic agent, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Rajkhowa B, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A. Activation of SIRT-1 Signalling in the Prevention of Bipolar Disorder and Related Neurocomplications: Target Activators and Influences on Neurological Dysfunctions. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:670-686. [PMID: 35156173 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SIRT-1 (silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1) is a protein found in neuronal nuclei, microglia, and astrocyte cells of the brain. It is sometimes referred to as NAD + -dependent deacetylase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). The activation of sirtuins (SIRT-1-7) has been shown to protect against a wide range of disorders, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. SIRT-1 has gained considerable interest from these families because of its early link to long-life expansion and calorie restriction involvement. SIRT-1 is necessary for gene silencing, cell cycle regulation, fat and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, ageing, and memory formation. In this review, we investigate the role of SIRT-1 downregulation in the progression of bipolar disorder (BD) and neurological abnormalities, as well as related neurological alterations such as genetic dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. BD is a psychiatric disease distinguished by extreme mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. BD is a complicated disorder with numerous clinical signs and neurocomplications that produce significant behavioural problems. SIRT-1 deficiency in the brain has been demonstrated to affect the activity of its transcription factors and molecular changes, including genetic defects. SIRT-1 is now being studied as a potential therapeutic target for a range of brain disorders. A recent study also found that activating SIRT-1 signalling performs a protective effect in avoiding depression and mania-like behaviours. Furthermore, this review investigates the potential mechanisms by which SIRT-1 regulates neuronal transmission and neurogenesis. As a result of our review, we revealed that SIRT-1 activators have neuroprotective potential in BD and related neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Rajkhowa
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Atefimanash P, Pourhamzeh M, Susanabadi A, Arabi M, Jamali-Raeufy N, Mehrabi S. Hippocampal chloride transporter KCC2 contributes to excitatory GABA dysregulation in the developmental rat model of schizophrenia. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102040. [PMID: 34695562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an altered expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. Despite extensive considerations, the alteration of NKCC1 and KCC2 co-transporters at different stages of development has not been fully studied. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of these transporters in PFC and hippocampus at time points of four, eight, and twelve weeks in post-weaning social isolation rearing rat model. For this purpose, 23-25 days-old rats were classified into social- or isolation-reared groups. The levels of NKCC1 and KCC2 mRNA expression were evaluated at hippocampus or PFC regions at the time-points of four, eight, and twelve weeks following housing. Post-weaning isolation rearing decreased the hippocampal KCC2 mRNA expression level, but does not affect the NKCC1 mRNA expression. However, no significant difference was observed in the PFC mRNA levels of NKCC1 and KCC2 in the isolation-reared group compared to the socially-reared group during the course of modeling. Further, we assessed the therapeutic effect of selective NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide (10 mg/kg), on improvement of prepulse inhibition (PPI) test on twelve weeks isolation-reared rats. Intraperitoneal administration of bumetanide (10 mg/kg) did not exert beneficial effects on PPI deficit. Our findings show that isolation rearing reduces hippocampal KCC2 expression level and may underlie hippocampal GABA excitatory. In addition, 10 mg/kg bumetanide is not effective in improving the reduced PPI of twelve weeks isolation-reared rats. Collectively, our findings show that hippocampal chloride transporter KCC2 contributes to excitatory GABA dysregulation in the developmental rat model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Atefimanash
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Susanabadi
- Department of Anesthesia and pain medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Arabi
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nida Jamali-Raeufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Herrero JL, Smith A, Mishra A, Markowitz N, Mehta AD, Bickel S. Inducing neuroplasticity through intracranial θ-burst stimulation in the human sensorimotor cortex. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1723-1739. [PMID: 34644179 PMCID: PMC8782667 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00320.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The progress of therapeutic neuromodulation greatly depends on improving stimulation parameters to most efficiently induce neuroplasticity effects. Intermittent θ-burst stimulation (iTBS), a form of electrical stimulation that mimics natural brain activity patterns, has proved to efficiently induce such effects in animal studies and rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in humans. However, little is known about the potential neuroplasticity effects of iTBS applied through intracranial electrodes in humans. This study characterizes the physiological effects of intracranial iTBS in humans and compare them with α-frequency stimulation, another frequently used neuromodulatory pattern. We applied these two stimulation patterns to well-defined regions in the sensorimotor cortex, which elicited contralateral hand muscle contractions during clinical mapping, in patients with epilepsy implanted with intracranial electrodes. Treatment effects were evaluated using oscillatory coherence across areas connected to the treatment site, as defined with corticocortical-evoked potentials. Our results show that iTBS increases coherence in the β-frequency band within the sensorimotor network indicating a potential neuroplasticity effect. The effect is specific to the sensorimotor system, the β band, and the stimulation pattern and outlasted the stimulation period by ∼3 min. The effect occurred in four out of seven subjects depending on the buildup of the effect during iTBS treatment and other patterns of oscillatory activity related to ceiling effects within the β band and to preexistent coherence within the α band. By characterizing the neurophysiological effects of iTBS within well-defined cortical networks, we hope to provide an electrophysiological framework that allows clinicians/researchers to optimize brain stimulation protocols which may have translational value.NEW & NOTEWORTHY θ-Burst stimulation (TBS) protocols in transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have shown improved treatment efficacy in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The optimal protocol to induce neuroplasticity in invasive direct electrical stimulation approaches is not known. We report that intracranial TBS applied in human sensorimotor cortex increases local coherence of preexistent β rhythms. The effect is specific to the stimulation frequency and the stimulated network and outlasts the stimulation period by ∼3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Herrero
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Akash Mishra
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Noah Markowitz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Stephan Bickel
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
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Why It Is Necessary to Use the Entire Root rather than Partial Root When Doing Contralateral C7 Nerve Transfer: Cortical Plasticity Also Matters besides the Amount of Nerve Fibers. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8819380. [PMID: 33488696 PMCID: PMC7803401 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8819380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the mode of donor transection is a critical factor affecting the efficacy of the contralateral C7 (CC7) nerve transfer. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the division modes of the CC7 nerve and cortical functional reorganization of Sprague-Dawley rats. We hypothesized that different methods of CC7 nerve transection might induce differences in cortical functional reorganization, thus resulting in differences in surgery efficacy. BDNF, TNF-α/IL-6, and miR-132/134 were selected as indicators of cortical functional reorganization. No significant differences in all these indicators were noted between the entire group and the entire root+posterior division group (P > 0.05). BDNF and miR-132/134 levels in the entire group and the entire root+posterior division group were significantly increased compared with their levels in the posterior group and the blank control group (P < 0.001). In all groups, BDNF, TNF-α/IL-6, and miR-132/134 levels in both hemispheres initially increased and subsequently decreased until week 40. In conclusion, this study provided the evidence of dynamic changes in BDNF, TNF-α/IL-6, and miR-132/134 in the cortex of rats after CC7 nerve transfer using different transecting modes, demonstrating that different CC7 nerve divisions might result in different surgical effects through modulation of cortical reorganization.
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Ravanidis S, Bougea A, Papagiannakis N, Koros C, Simitsi AM, Pachi I, Breza M, Stefanis L, Doxakis E. Validation of differentially expressed brain-enriched microRNAs in the plasma of PD patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1594-1607. [PMID: 32860338 PMCID: PMC7480914 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is a pressing need to identify and validate, minimally invasive, molecular biomarkers that will complement current practices and increase the diagnostic accuracy in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Brain‐enriched miRNAs regulate all aspects of neuron development and function; importantly, they are secreted by neurons in amounts that can be readily detected in the plasma. Τhe aim of the present study was to validate a set of previously identified brain‐enriched miRNAs with diagnostic potential for idiopathic PD and recognize the molecular pathways affected by these deregulated miRNAs. Methods RT‐qPCR was performed in the plasma of 92 healthy controls and 108 idiopathic PD subjects. Statistical and in silico analyses were used to validate deregulated miRNAs and pathways in PD, respectively. Results miR‐22‐3p, miR‐124‐3p, miR‐136‐3p, miR‐154‐5p, and miR‐323a‐3p levels were found to be differentially expressed between healthy controls and PD patients. miR‐330‐5p, miR‐433‐3p, and miR‐495‐3p levels were overall higher in male subjects. Most of these miRNAs are clustered at Chr14q32 displaying CREB1, CEBPB, and MAZ transcription factor binding sites. Gene Ontology annotation analysis of deregulated miRNA targets revealed that “Protein modification,” “Transcription factor activity,” and “Cell death” terms were over‐represented. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis revealed that “Long‐term depression,” “TGF‐beta signaling,” and “FoxO signaling” pathways were significantly affected. Interpretation We validated a panel of brain‐enriched miRNAs that can be used along with other measures for the detection of PD, revealed molecular pathways targeted by these deregulated miRNAs, and identified upstream transcription factors that may be directly implicated in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Ravanidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.,Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.,First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papagiannakis
- Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.,First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Christos Koros
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pachi
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Marianthi Breza
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.,First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Doxakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
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