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Balakrishnan R, Jannat K, Choi DK. Development of dietary small molecules as multi-targeting treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103105. [PMID: 38471283 PMCID: PMC10945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can occur both in normal aging and age-related neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders have few treatment options due to side effects and limited efficacy. New approaches to slow cognitive decline are urgently needed. Dietary interventions (nutraceuticals) have received considerable attention because they exhibit strong neuroprotective properties and may help prevent or minimize AD symptoms. Biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy, which function through various signaling pathways. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dietary small molecules derived from natural sources, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenolic acids, can modulate oxidative damage, cognitive impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy dysregulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This paper reviews research on different dietary small molecules and their bioactive constituents in the treatment of AD. Additionally, the chemical structure, effective dose, and specific molecular mechanisms of action are comprehensively explored. This paper also discusses the advantages of using nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which significantly enhances oral bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic effect, and lowers the risk of adverse effects. These agents have considerable potential as novel and safe therapeutic agents that can prevent and combat age-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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Rakshe PS, Dutta BJ, Chib S, Maurya N, Singh S. Unveiling the interplay of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in brain health: Promising targets against aging and NDDs. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102255. [PMID: 38490497 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) within an aging global population presents a pressing challenge. The multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, remain complex and elusive. Among these, the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway emerges as a pivotal network implicated in neuroprotection against these destructive processes. This review sheds light on the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this axis, specifically emphasizing the promising role of flavonoids in mitigating NDD-related complications. Expanding beyond conventional pharmacological approaches, the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction (CR), coupled with the investigation of natural compounds, offers a beacon of hope. By strategically elucidating the intricate connections within these pathways, this review aims to pave the ways for novel multi-target agents and interventions, fostering a renewed optimism in the quest to combat and manage the debilitating impacts of NDDs on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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Sharma M, Devi P, Kaushal S, Ul-Ahsan A, Mehra S, Budhwar M, Chopra M. Cyto and Genoprotective Potential of Tannic Acid Against Cadmium and Nickel Co-exposure Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in BALB/c Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04117-4. [PMID: 38393487 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a metal chelating polyphenol that plays a crucial role in metal detoxification, but its modulatory role in co-exposure of these heavy metals' exposure needs to be explored. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are inorganic hazardous chemicals in the environment. Humans are prone to be exposed to the co-exposure of Cd and Ni, but the toxicological interactions of these metals are poorly defined. Present study was undertaken to study the preventive role of TA in Cd-Ni co-exposure-evoked hepato-renal toxicity in BALB/c mice. In the current investigation, increased oxidative stress in metal intoxicated groups was confirmed by elevated peroxidation of the lipids and significant lowering of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Altered hepato-renal serum markers, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations were also detected in the metal-treated groups. Present study revealed that Cd is a stronger toxicant than Ni and when co-exposure was administered, additive, sub-additive, and detrimental effects were observed. Prophylactic treatment with TA significantly reinstated the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), non-enzymatic, and enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, it also restored the serum biomarker levels, DNA damage, and histoarchitecture of the given tissues. TA due to its metal chelating and anti-oxidative properties exhibited cyto- and genoprotective potential against Cd-Ni co-exposure-induced hepatic and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Pooja Devi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Surbhi Kaushal
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 174103
| | - Aitizaz Ul-Ahsan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Sweety Mehra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Muskan Budhwar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014.
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Sun S, Ma Q, Sheng Q, Huang S, Wu C, Liu J, Xu J. Amyloid-β Oligomer-Induced Electrophysiological Mechanisms and Electrical Impedance Changes in Neurons. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1211. [PMID: 38400369 PMCID: PMC10892449 DOI: 10.3390/s24041211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can aggregate to form oligomers and fibrils in the brain. There is increasing evidence that highly toxic amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) lead to tau protein aggregation, hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, synaptic loss, and dysfunction. Although the effects of AβOs on neurons have been investigated using conventional biochemical experiments, there are no established criteria for electrical evaluation. To this end, we explored electrophysiological changes in mouse hippocampal neurons (HT22) following exposure to AβOs and/or naringenin (Nar, a flavonoid compound) using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). AβO-induced HT22 showed a decreased impedance amplitude and increased phase angle, and the addition of Nar reversed these changes. The characteristic frequency was markedly increased with AβO exposure, which was also reversed by Nar. The AβOs decreased intranuclear and cytoplasmic resistance and increased nucleus resistance and extracellular capacitance. Overall, the innovative construction of the eight-element CPE-equivalent circuit model further reflects that the pseudo-capacitance of the cell membrane and cell nucleus was increased in the AβO-induced group. This study conclusively revealed that AβOs induce cytotoxic effects by disrupting the resistance characteristics of unit membranes. The results further support that EIS is an effective technique for evaluating AβO-induced neuronal damage and microscopic electrical distinctions in the sub-microscopic structure of reactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.S.); (Q.M.); (Q.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.S.); (Q.M.); (Q.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Qiyu Sheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.S.); (Q.M.); (Q.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Shangwei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.S.); (Q.M.); (Q.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Chenxia Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.S.); (Q.M.); (Q.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Junsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.S.); (Q.M.); (Q.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
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Li L, Lin Z, Yuan J, Li P, Wang Q, Cho N, Wang Y, Lin Z. The neuroprotective mechanisms of naringenin: Inhibition of apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116941. [PMID: 37480970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naringenin (NGN) is a widely distributed flavonoid with potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Neuroprotective agents play a crucial role in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). It has shown potential therapeutic effects for neurological disorders. However, its efficacy on HIE is yet to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of naringenin and its underlying molecular mechanisms in reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and improving brain outcomes following HIE. Additionally, the study aims to identify the potential targets, mechanisms, and functions of naringenin using network pharmacology analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal mice were exposed to the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model to determine brain water content, and brain tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and Nissl staining to investigate its neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the neonatal mouse primary neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro. The protein levels were characterized by Western Blot, and mRNA levels were evaluated by a real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (qPCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mitochondrial fluorescent staining were used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were detected by Immunofluorescence (IF). Finally, network pharmacology was employed to determine the common target of naringenin and HIE. The core genes were obtained via protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis and molecular docking was examined, and the mechanism of action was explored through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Additionally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was constructed for verification. RESULTS Naringenin has a neuroprotective effect in HIBD by modulating Vegfa expression and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, molecular docking results suggest that Vegfa is a potential binding target of naringenin, and silencing Vegfa partially reverses the pharmacological effects of NGN. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that naringenin demonstrates potential clinical application for treating HIE as a novel neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiabao Road, Chengdong Street of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, 317500, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Hu M, Ying X, Zheng M, Wang C, Li Q, Gu L, Zhang X. Therapeutic potential of natural products against Alzheimer's disease via autophagic removal of Aβ. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110835. [PMID: 38043648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, include the deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. A decline in cognitive ability is related to the accumulation of Aβ in patients with AD. Autophagy, which is a primary intracellular mechanism for degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, plays a crucial role in AD. In this review, we summarize the most recent research progress regarding the process of autophagy and the effect of autophagy on Aβ. We further discuss some typical monomers of natural products that contribute to the clearance of Aβ by autophagy, which can alleviate AD. This provides a new perspective for the application of autophagy modulation in natural product therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ying
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
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Mehra S, Ahsan AU, Sharma M, Budhwar M, Chopra M. Gestational Fisetin Exerts Neuroprotection by Regulating Mitochondria-Directed Canonical Wnt Signaling, BBB Integrity, and Apoptosis in Prenatal VPA-Induced Rodent Model of Autism. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03826-6. [PMID: 38048031 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic valproic acid (VPA) has been considered a potential risk factor for autism. Majority of studies indicated that targeting autism-associated alterations in VPA-induced autistic model could be promising in defining and designing therapeutics for autism. Numerous investigations in this field investigated the role of canonical Wnt signaling cascade in regulating the pathophysiology of autism. The impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and mitochondrial dysfunction are some key implied features of the autistic brain. So, the current study was conducted to target canonical Wnt signaling pathway with a natural polyphenolic modulator cum antioxidant namely fisetin. A single dose of intraperitoneal VPA sodium salt (400 mg/kg) at gestational day 12.5 induced developmental delays, social behaviour impairments (tube dominance test), and anxiety-like behaviour (sucrose preference test) similar to autism. VPA induced mitochondrial damage and over-activated the canonical Wnt signaling which further increased the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, apoptosis, and neuronal damage. Our findings revealed that oral administration of 10 mg/kg gestational fisetin (GD 13-till parturition) improved social and anxiety-like behaviour by modulating the ROS-regulated mitochondrial-canonical Wnt signaling. Moreover, fisetin controls BBB permeability, apoptosis, and neuronal damage in autism model proving its neuroprotective efficacy. Collectively, our findings revealed that fisetin-evoked modulation of the Wnt signaling cascade successfully relieved the associated symptoms of autism along with developmental delays in the model and indicates its potential as a bioceutical against autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Mehra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aitizaz Ul Ahsan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Muskan Budhwar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Wang Y, Huang R. Identification of Artemisia Argyi (AA) Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200256. [PMID: 36617509 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of Artemisia argyi (AA) in the treatment of cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the docking activity of AA on potential therapeutic targets using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Bioinformatic analysis showed that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the pathway of cancer, calcium signaling, neurodegeneration-multiple disease, and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation might be the related signal pathway in AA-AD. Moreover, the binding energy of AA active compounds to potential targets are ≦-4.16 kJ mol-1 with 10 patterns ≦-10 kJ mol-1 . The results of molecular docking showed that there would be a stable binding ability between the active components of AA and potential target genes. Among them, 24-methylenecyloartanone, beta-sitosterol, and Stigmasterol are active components with potential oral bioavailability (OB), drug-likeness (DL), and blood-brain-barrier(BBB) are screened out with the stable binding ability to target genes, which may be potential components of AA treatment for AD. This study laid an important foundation for further study of the molecular mechanism of AA treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
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Grosso C, Santos M, Barroso MF. From Plants to Psycho-Neurology: Unravelling the Therapeutic Benefits of Bioactive Compounds in Brain Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1603. [PMID: 37627598 PMCID: PMC10451187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain's sensitivity to oxidative stress and neuronal cell death requires effective pharmacotherapy approaches. Current pharmacological therapies are frequently ineffective and display negative side effects. Bioactive chemicals found in plants may provide a potential alternative due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and can be used in therapy and the management of a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative illnesses. Several natural products, including vitamin C, Cammelia sinensis polyphenols, Hypericum perforatum, and Crocus sativus have shown promise in lowering oxidative stress and treating symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Similarly, bioactive compounds such as curcumin, luteolin, resveratrol, quercetin, and plants like Acorus gramineus, Rhodiola rosea, and Ginkgo biloba are associated with neuroprotective effects and symptom improvement in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Furthermore, in neurodegenerative diseases, natural compounds from Rhodiola rosea, Morinda lucida, and Glutinous rehmannia provide neurological improvement. Further study in clinical samples is required to thoroughly investigate the therapeutic advantages of these bioactive substances for persons suffering from these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE–LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marlene Santos
- CISA|ESS, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - M. Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE–LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
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Mehra S, Ahsan AU, Sharma M, Budhwar M, Chopra M. Neuroprotective Efficacy of Fisetin Against VPA-Induced Autistic Neurobehavioral Alterations by Targeting Dysregulated Redox Homeostasis. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:403-422. [PMID: 37261645 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition, and it's associated pathophysiology, viz., oxidative stress and altered cellular homeostasis, has been extensively intertwined with behavioral impairments. Therefore, targeting oxidative stress and redox cellular homeostasis could be beneficial in relieving autistic-like symptoms. For this purpose, we examined a library of nutraceutical compounds that led us to a bioflavonoid fisetin. Autism-like neurobehavior was induced by subjecting the pregnant rodents to valproic acid at the time of neural tube closure (GD12.5). In this novel study, fisetin was evaluated for its neuroprotective potential at gestational (GD13 until delivery) and post-weaning developmental windows (PND 23-32) in VPA-induced rodent model of autism. Developmental VPA exposure increased intracellular ROS production, oxidative stress, altered AChE and ATPases in brain regions, and induced autistic-like behavioral impairments (social, repetitive, stereotyped, and sensorimotor). The present findings suggested that gestational and post-weaning fisetin treatment significantly improved the behavioral impairments by attenuating elevated oxidative stress, ROS, lipid peroxidation, and re-establishing redox homeostasis. Also, it effectively reinstated the reduced levels of endogenous antioxidants, glutathione, AChE, and ATPases by its antioxidant potential. Therefore, fisetin with its properties could be used as a potential therapeutic agent in overcoming the symptoms associated with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Mehra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aitizaz Ul Ahsan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Muskan Budhwar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Carrara A, Pola I, Floris E, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer's Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010180. [PMID: 36671042 PMCID: PMC9855271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pola
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Floris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. VANL-100 Attenuates Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010442. [PMID: 36613883 PMCID: PMC9820495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are being explored as novel therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through strategies such as chemically linking antioxidants to synthesize novel co-drugs. The main objective of this study was to assess the cytoprotective effects of the novel antioxidant compound VANL-100 in a cellular model of beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity. The cytotoxic effects of Aβ in the presence and absence of all antioxidant compounds were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2-5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in SH-SY5Y cells in both pre-treatment and co-treatment experiments. In pre-treatment experiments, VANL-100, or one of its parent compounds, naringenin (NAR), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), or naringenin + alpha-lipoic acid (NAR + ALA), was administrated 24 h prior to an additional 24-h incubation with 20 μM non-fibril or fibril Aβ25-35. Co-treatment experiments consisted of simultaneous treatment with Aβ and antioxidants. Pre-treatment and co-treatment with VANL-100 significantly attenuated Aβ-induced cell death. There were no significant differences between the protective effects of VANL-100, NAR, ALA, and NAR + ALA with either form of Aβ, or in the effect of VANL-100 between 24-h pre-treatment and co-treatment. These results demonstrate that the novel co-drug VANL-100 is capable of eliciting cytoprotective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity.
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Nouri Z, Sajadimajd S, Hoseinzadeh L, Bahrami G, Arkan E, Moradi S, Abdi F, Farzaei MH. Neuroprotective effect of naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against streptozocin-induced neurotoxicity through autophagy blockage. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14408. [PMID: 36129161 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a pivotal contributing factor to modulate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Although naringenin (Nar) has shown beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases, its poor solubility and bioavailability have limited its application. The present research aimed to design a nanostructured formulation of Nar to achieve an enhanced therapeutic effect. Herein, Nar-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Nar-SLNs) were prepared and characterized. Then, PC12 cells were exposed to streptozocin (STZ) and/or Nar and Nar-SLNs in vitro to clarify the protective effect of Nar and its nanoformulation against STZ-stimulated neurotoxicity. The empty SLNs and Nar-SLNs indicated a narrow polydispersity index value with a negative zeta potential. As determined by the scanning electron microscopy images, the nanoparticles had a spherical shape and were less than 20 nm in size. FTIR results demonstrated the interaction between Nar and SLNs and supported the presence of Nar in the nanoparticle. The nanoformulation revealed an initial burst release followed by a sustained release manner. Treatment of PC12 cells with STZ resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and increased autophagic markers, including LC3-II, Beclin1, Akt, ATG genes, and accumulation of miR-21 and miR-22. Both Nar and Nar-SLNs pre-treatment improved cell survival and augmented mitochondrial membrane potential, accompanied by reduced autophagic markers expression. However, Nar-SLNs were more effective than free Nar. As a result, our findings suggested that SLNs effectively enhance the neuroprotective effect of Nar, and Nar-SLNs may be a promising candidate to suppress or prevent STZ-elicited neurotoxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to the beneficial effect of Nar in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, we evaluated the protective effect of Nar and Nar-SLNs against STZ-stimulated neurotoxicity and analyzed the role of autophagy in STZ-stimulated neurotoxicity. Our results proposed that Nar-SLNs could be a promising option for neurological disorders prevention through autophagy suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Hoseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abdi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Meng-zhen S, Ju L, Lan-chun Z, Cai-feng D, Shu-da Y, Hao-fei Y, Wei-yan H. Potential therapeutic use of plant flavonoids in AD and PD. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Yadav E, Yadav P, Khan MMU, Singh H, Verma A. Resveratrol: A potential therapeutic natural polyphenol for neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922232. [PMID: 36188541 PMCID: PMC9523540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most polyphenols can cross blood-brain barrier, therefore, they are widely utilized in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol contained in blueberry, grapes, mulberry, etc., is well documented to exhibit potent neuroprotective activity against different ND by mitochondria modulation approach. Mitochondrial function impairment is the most common etiology and pathological process in various neurodegenerative disorders, viz. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nowadays these ND associated with mitochondrial dysfunction have become a major threat to public health as well as health care systems in terms of financial burden. Currently available therapies for ND are limited to symptomatic cures and have inevitable toxic effects. Therefore, there is a strict requirement for a safe and highly effective drug treatment developed from natural compounds. The current review provides updated information about the potential of resveratrol to target mitochondria in the treatment of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pankajkumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
- *Correspondence: Pankajkumar Yadav, ; HariOm Singh, ; Amita Verma,
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Aids Research Institute, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Pankajkumar Yadav, ; HariOm Singh, ; Amita Verma,
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
- *Correspondence: Pankajkumar Yadav, ; HariOm Singh, ; Amita Verma,
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Woon CK, Hui WK, Abas R, Haron MH, Das S, Lin TS. Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1498-1518. [PMID: 34923947 PMCID: PMC9881085 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211217163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and their severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano-sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material's bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinebased approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Kah Hui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Huzaimi Haron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tel: +603-91458635; E-mail:
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Resveratrol and neuroprotection: an insight into prospective therapeutic approaches against Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4384-4404. [PMID: 35545730 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive impairment; yet, there is currently no treatment. A buildup of Aβ, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD is pathogenic. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in these neurocognitive areas is a significant characteristic of the disease. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation has been proposed as the critical therapeutic approach for AD treatment. Resveratrol has been demonstrated in multiple studies to have a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristic and the ability to minimize Aβ peptides aggregation and toxicity in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, stimulating neurogenesis and inhibiting hippocampal degeneration. Furthermore, resveratrol's antioxidant effect promotes neuronal development by activating the silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1), which can protect against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. Resveratrol-induced SIRT1 activation is becoming more crucial in developing novel therapeutic options for AD and other diseases that have neurodegenerative characteristics. This review highlighted a better knowledge of resveratrol's mechanism of action and its promising therapeutic efficacy in treating AD. We also highlighted the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an AD therapeutic agent, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Liu W, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang G, Huang J, Liu B. Repurposing small-molecule drugs for modulating toxic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1994-2007. [PMID: 35395400 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are often age-related disorders that can cause dementia in people, usually over 65 years old, are still lacking effective therapies. Some NDs have recently been linked to toxic protein aggregates, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease; therefore, mulating toxic protein aggregates would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, drug repurposing, in other words exploiting drugs that are already in use for another indication, has been attracting mounting attention for potential therapeutic purposes in NDs. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing a series of repurposed small-molecule drugs for eliminating or inhibiting toxic protein aggregates and further discuss their intricate molecular mechanisms to improve the current ND treatment. Taken together, these findings will shed new light on exploiting more repurposed small-molecule drugs targeting different types of toxic proteins to fight NDs in the future. Teaser: Drug repurposing has been gaining attention to yield therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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20
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Singh S, Sharma A, Monga V, Bhatia R. Compendium of naringenin: potential sources, analytical aspects, chemistry, nutraceutical potentials and pharmacological profile. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8868-8899. [PMID: 35357240 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is flavorless, water insoluble active principle belonging to flavanone subclass. It exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile as well as divine nutraceutical values. Although several researchers have explored this phytoconstituent to evaluate its promising properties, still it has not gained recognition at therapeutic levels and more clinical investigations are still required. Also the neutraceutical potential has limited marketed formulations. This compilation includes the description of reported therapeutic potentials of naringenin in variety of pathological conditions alongwith the underlying mechanisms. Details of various analytical investigations carried on this molecule have been provided along with brief description of chemistry and structural activity relationship. In the end, various patents filed and clinical trial data has been provided. Naringenin has revealed promising pharmacological activities including cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activity. It has been marketed in the form of nanoformulations, co-crystals, solid dispersions, tablets, capsules and inclusion complexes. It is also available in various herbal formulations as nutraceutical supplement. There are some pharmacokinetic issue with naringenin like poor absorption and low dissolution rate. Although these issues have been sorted out upto certain extent still further research to investigate the bioavailability of naringenin from herbal supplements and its clinical efficacy is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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21
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Naringenin affords protection against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure: Role of autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 717:109121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Fan X, Fan Z, Yang Z, Huang T, Tong Y, Yang D, Mao X, Yang M. Flavonoids-Natural Gifts to Promote Health and Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042176. [PMID: 35216290 PMCID: PMC8879655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of mammals is accompanied by the progressive atrophy of tissues and organs and the accumulation of random damage to macromolecular DNA, protein, and lipids. Flavonoids have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids can delay aging and prolong a healthy lifespan by eliminating senescent cells, inhibiting senescence-related secretion phenotypes (SASPs), and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, only a few systematic studies have described flavonoids in clinical treatment for anti-aging, which needs to be explored further. This review first highlights the association between aging and macromolecular damage. Then, we discuss advances in the role of flavonoid molecules in prolonging the health span and lifespan of organisms. This study may provide crucial information for drug design and developmental and clinical applications based on flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziqiang Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Tiantian Huang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Yingdong Tong
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Kitaoka Y, Sase K, Tsukahara C, Fujita N, Arizono I, Kogo J, Tokuda N, Takagi H. Axonal Protection by Netarsudil, a ROCK Inhibitor, Is Linked to an AMPK-Autophagy Pathway in TNF-Induced Optic Nerve Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:4. [PMID: 34982146 PMCID: PMC8742515 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Netarsudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor with norepinephrine transport inhibitory effect, lowers intraocular pressure, however, its effect on axon damage remains to be elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of netarsudil on TNF-induced axon loss and to examine whether it affects phosphorylated-AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK) and autophagy in the optic nerve. Methods Intravitreal administration of TNF or TNF with netarsudil was carried out on rats and quantification of axon number was determined. Electron microscopy determined autophagosome numbers. Localization of p-AMPK expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. The changes in p62, LC3-II, and p-AMPK levels were estimated in the optic nerve by immunoblot analysis. The effect of an AMPK activator A769662 or an AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin on axon number was evaluated. Results Morphometric analysis revealed apparent protection by netarsudil against TNF-induced axon degeneration. Netarsudil increased autophagosome numbers inside axons. Netarsudil treatment significantly upregulated optic nerve LC3-II levels in both the TNF-treated eyes and the control eyes. Increased p62 protein level induced by TNF was significantly ameliorated by netarsudil. The netarsudil administration alone lessened p62 levels. Netarsudil significantly upregulated the optic nerve p-AMPK levels. A769662 exhibited obvious axonal protection against TNF-induced damage. A769662 treatment upregulated LC3-II levels and the increment of p62 level induced by TNF was significantly ameliorated by A769662. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that p-AMPK is present in axons. Netarsudil-mediated axonal protection was significantly suppressed by dorsomorphin administration. Conclusions Netarsudil upregulated p-AMPK and autophagy. Netarsudil-mediated axonal protection may be associated with upregulated p-AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kitaoka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Sase
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ibuki Arizono
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Kogo
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Tokuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Role of Phytoconstituents as PPAR Agonists: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121914. [PMID: 34944727 PMCID: PMC8698906 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, and PPAR-β/δ) are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors that play a critical role in the regulation of hundreds of genes through their activation. Their expression and targeted activation play an important role in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, several reviews have been published describing the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists (natural or synthetic) in the disorders listed above; however, no comprehensive report defining the role of naturally derived phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists targeting neurodegenerative diseases has been published. This review will focus on the role of phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists and the relevant preclinical studies and mechanistic insights into their neuroprotective effects. Exemplary research includes flavonoids, fatty acids, cannabinoids, curcumin, genistein, capsaicin, and piperine, all of which have been shown to be PPAR agonists either directly or indirectly. Additionally, a few studies have demonstrated the use of clinical samples in in vitro investigations. The role of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a potential model for studying neurodegenerative diseases has also been highlighted.
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Naringenin as a Possible Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211066723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, is endowed with antiviral and other health beneficial activities, such as immune-stimulating and anti-inflammatory actions that could play a role in contributing, to some extent, to either preventing or alleviating coronavirus infection. Several computational studies have identified naringenin as one of the prominent flavonoids that can possibly inhibit internalization of the virus, virus-host interactions that trigger the cytokine storm, and replication of the virus. This review highlights the antiviral potential of naringenin in COVID-19 associated risk factors and its predicted therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K. Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA
| | - Chandan Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA
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26
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Deng Z, Dong Y, Zhou X, Lu JH, Yue Z. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for Alzheimer’s disease therapy: Opportunities and obstacles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:1688-1706. [PMID: 35847516 PMCID: PMC9279633 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an irreversible and progressive impairment of cognitive abilities as well as the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. By far, the precise mechanisms of AD are not fully understood and no interventions are available to effectively slow down progression of the disease. Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis by targeting damaged organelles, pathogens, and disease-prone protein aggregates to lysosome for degradation. Emerging evidence suggests dysfunctional autophagy clearance pathway as a potential cellular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AD in affected neurons. Here we summarize the current evidence for autophagy dysfunction in the pathophysiology of AD and discuss the role of autophagy in the regulation of AD-related protein degradation and neuroinflammation in neurons and glial cells. Finally, we review the autophagy modulators reported in the treatment of AD models and discuss the obstacles and opportunities for potential clinical application of the novel autophagy activators for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Corresponding authors.
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Zhang H, Chi M, Wang Y, Chen L, Sun X, Wan L, Yang Q, Guo C. Naringenin alleviates cisplatin induced muscle atrophy by regulating RIPK1/AMPK/NF-κB pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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28
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Seth E, Ahsan AU, Kaushal S, Mehra S, Chopra M. Berberine affords protection against oxidative stress and apoptotic damage in F1 generation of wistar rats following lactational exposure to chlorpyrifos. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104977. [PMID: 34802527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)-phosphorothioate; (CPF)) is a widely used lipophilic organophosphorus insecticide that primarily manifests into central and peripheral nervous system toxicity. However, it is poorly investigated as a developmental neurotoxicant and thus remains less explored for pharmacological interventions as well. Berberine (BBR) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, primarily found in the plants of Berberidaceae family, and is used for the synthesis of several bioactive derivatives. The goal of this study was to evaluate the CPF-induced neuronal damage through lactational route and analyze the neuroprotective efficacy of berberine (BBR), a potent antioxidant compound in the F1 generation. The environmentally relevant dose of CPF (3 mg/kg b.wt.) was administered via gavage to pregnant dams from postnatal day 1 to day 20 (PND 1-20). BBR (10 mg/kg b.wt.) was administered concurrently with CPF for the same duration as a co-treatment. Levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, membrane bound ATPases (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, and Mg2+ATPase), DNA damage, histomorphological alterations, cellular apoptosis were increased, and activities of glutathione reductase, endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, and GR) were decreased in cerebellum and cerebrum regions of CPF exposed pups. CPF triggered neuronal apoptosis by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2. Co-treatment of BBR significantly attenuated these effects of CPF signifying oxidative stress mediated chlorpyrifos induced neuronal apoptosis. Berberine treatment ameliorated the CPF-induced downregulation of Bcl-2, Bax translocation, and up-regulation of caspase-3 in F1 pups. Therefore, BBR owing to its multiple pharmacological properties can be further explored for its therapeutic potential as an alternative neuroprotective agent against lactational exposure of chlorpyrifos-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Seth
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aitizaz Ul Ahsan
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Surbhi Kaushal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sweety Mehra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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29
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Gravandi MM, Fakhri S, Zarneshan SN, Yarmohammadi A, Khan H. Flavonoids modulate AMPK/PGC-1α and interconnected pathways toward potential neuroprotective activities. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1501-1521. [PMID: 33988807 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As progressive, chronic, incurable and common reasons for disability and death, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are significant threats to human health. Besides, the increasing prevalence of neuronal gradual degeneration and death during NDDs has made them a global concern. Since yet, no effective treatment has been developed to combat multiple dysregulated pathways/mediators and related complications in NDDs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create influential and multi-target factors to combat neuronal damages. Accordingly, the plant kingdom has drawn a bright future. Among natural entities, flavonoids are considered a rich source of drug discovery and development with potential biological and medicinal activities. Growing studies have reported multiple dysregulated pathways in NDDs, which among those mediator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) play critical roles. In this line, critical role of flavonoids in the upregulation of AMPK/PGC-1α pathway seems to pave the road in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), aging, central nervous system (brain/spinal cord) damages, stroke, and other NDDs. In the present study, the regulatory role of flavonoids in managing various NDDs has been shown to pass through AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Akram Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Wang Q, Dong X, Zhang R, Zhao C. Flavonoids with Potential Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects as Therapeutic Drugs for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:505-533. [PMID: 34569961 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease generally among the elderly; it accounts for approximately 50-75%of total cases of dementia patients and poses a serious threat to physical and mental health. Currently available treatments for AD mainly relieves its symptoms, and effective therapy is urgently needed. Deposition of amyloid-β protein in the brain is an early and invariant neuropathological feature of AD. Currently the main efforts in developing anti-AD drugs focus on anti-amyloidogenic therapeutics that prevent amyloid-β production or aggregation and decrease the occurrence of neurotoxic events. The results of an increasing number of studies suggest that natural extracts and phytochemicals have a positive impact on brain aging. Flavonoids belong to the broad group of polyphenols and recent data indicate a favorable effect of flavonoids on brain aging. In this review, we collect relevant discoveries from 1999 to 2021, discuss 75 flavonoids that effectively influence AD pathogenesis, and summarize their functional mechanisms in detail. The data we have reviewed show that, these flavonoids belong to various subclasses, including flavone, flavanone, biflavone, etc. Our results provide a reference for further study of the effects of flavonoids on AD and the progress of anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Dong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Zhang M, Hu G, Shao N, Qin Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhou P, Cai B. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a target for Alzheimer's disease: flavonoids and phenols. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1317-1329. [PMID: 34350508 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and tangles that have become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Previous studies have found that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression was increased during the development of AD neurons. TXNIP separates from the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex, and the TXNIP-NLRP3 complex assembles ASC and pro-caspase-1 to form the NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggers AD inflammation and apoptosis. CB-dock was used to explore whether 21 natural flavonoids and phenols target TXNIP based on references. Docking results showed that rutin, puerarin, baicalin, luteolin and quercetin are the most potent TXNIP inhibitors, and among them, rutin as the most effective flavonoid. And rosmarinic acid is the most potent TXNIP inhibitor of phenols. These phytochemicals could be helpful to find the lead compounds in designing and developing novel agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Biao Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
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32
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Karimi G. A review on the protective effects of naringenin against natural and chemical toxic agents. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4075-4091. [PMID: 33724584 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG), as a flavanone from flavonoids family, is widely found in grapefruit, lemon tomato, and Citrus fruits. NRG has shown strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in body organs via mechanisms such as enhancement of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity, but reduction of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, NRG anti-apoptotic potential was indicated to be mediated by regulating B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase3/9. Overall, these properties make NRG a highly fascinating compound with beneficial pharmacological effects. Based on the literature, NRG-induced protective effects against toxicities produced by natural toxins, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals, were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (through boosting the antioxidant arsenal), and inflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK survival signaling pathways. Despite considerable body of evidence on protective properties of NRG against a variety of toxic compounds, more well-designed experimental studies and particularly, clinical trials are required before reaching a concrete conclusion. The present review discusses how NRG protects against the above-noted toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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33
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Kataoka H, Saeki A, Hasebe A, Shibata K, Into T. Naringenin suppresses Toll-like receptor 2-mediated inflammatory responses through inhibition of receptor clustering on lipid rafts. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:963-972. [PMID: 33598179 PMCID: PMC7866581 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors that sometimes cause excessive inflammatory responses and a perpetuated inflammatory loop that can be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. TLR2 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins in association with TLR1 or TLR6, and triggers inflammatory responses through activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Naringenin, a type of citrus flavonoid, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, but its detailed action against TLR2 remains to be fully elucidated. The present study was designed to determine whether naringenin affects the inflammatory responses triggered by TLR2. Naringenin inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production and attenuated NF-κB activation in cells stimulated with a synthetic triacylated-type lipopeptide known as a TLR2/TLR1 ligand, as well as a synthetic diacylated-type lipopeptide known as a TLR2/TLR6 ligand. Moreover, a similar inhibitory effect was observed in cells stimulated with a crude lipophilic fraction extracted from Staphylococcus aureus cell walls and in cells stimulated with S. aureus cells. Furthermore, we showed that such an effect is caused by inhibition of TLR2 clustering in lipid rafts on the cell membrane. These results suggest that naringenin suppresses the inflammatory responses induced by TLR2 signal transduction. Our findings indicate a novel anti-inflammatory property of naringenin, mediated through the regulation of cell surface TLR2 functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kataoka
- Division of Oral Infections and Health SciencesDepartment of Oral MicrobiologyAsahi University School of DentistryMizuhoJapan
| | - Ayumi Saeki
- Department of Oral Molecular MicrobiologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akira Hasebe
- Department of Oral Molecular MicrobiologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ken‐ichiro Shibata
- Department of Oral Molecular MicrobiologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Into
- Division of Oral Infections and Health SciencesDepartment of Oral MicrobiologyAsahi University School of DentistryMizuhoJapan
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