1
|
Cytoplasmic Relocalization and Colocalization with Viroplasms of Host Cell Proteins, and Their Role in Rotavirus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00612-18. [PMID: 29769336 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00612-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells in unique virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viroplasms (VMs), which are nucleated by two essential viral nonstructural proteins, NSP2 and NSP5. However, the precise composition of the VM, the intracellular localization of host proteins during virus infection, and their association with VMs or role in rotavirus growth remained largely unexplored. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed the presence of several host heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), AU-rich element-binding proteins (ARE-BPs), and cytoplasmic proteins from uninfected MA104 cell extracts in the pulldown (PD) complexes of the purified viroplasmic proteins NSP2 and NSP5. Immunoblot analyses of PD complexes from RNase-treated and untreated cell extracts, analyses of coimmunoprecipitation complexes using RNase-treated infected cell lysates, and direct binding assays using purified recombinant proteins further demonstrated that the interactions of the majority of the hnRNPs and ARE-BPs with viroplasmic proteins are RNA independent. Time course immunoblot analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions from rotavirus-infected and mock-infected cells and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analyses of virus-infected cells revealed a surprising sequestration of the majority of the relocalized host proteins in viroplasms. Analyses of ectopic overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of expression revealed that host proteins either promote or inhibit viral protein expression and progeny virus production in virus-infected cells. This study demonstrates that rotavirus induces the cytoplasmic relocalization and sequestration of a large number of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in viroplasms, subverting essential cellular processes in both compartments to promote rapid virus growth, and reveals that the composition of rotavirus viroplasms is much more complex than is currently understood.IMPORTANCE Rotavirus replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm. Knowledge on the relocalization of nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm or the role(s) of host proteins in rotavirus infection is very limited. In this study, it is demonstrated that rotavirus infection induces the cytoplasmic relocalization of a large number of nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs and AU-rich element-binding proteins). Except for a few, most nuclear hnRNPs and ARE-BPs, nuclear transport proteins, and some cytoplasmic proteins directly interact with the viroplasmic proteins NSP2 and NSP5 in an RNA-independent manner and become sequestered in the viroplasms of infected cells. The host proteins differentially affected viral gene expression and virus growth. This study demonstrates that rotavirus induces the relocalization and sequestration of a large number of host proteins in viroplasms, affecting host processes in both compartments and generating conditions conducive for virus growth in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tompkins VS, Valverde DP, Moss WN. Human regulatory proteins associate with non-coding RNAs from the EBV IR1 region. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:139. [PMID: 29458410 PMCID: PMC5819218 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The function of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) stable intronic sequence (sis)RNAs, non-coding RNAs transcribed from a region required for EBV-mediated cellular transformation, remain unknown. To better understand the function of ebv-sisRNA-1 and ebv-sisRNA-2 from the internal repeat (IR)1 region of EBV, we used a combination of bioinformatics and biochemistry to identify associated RNA binding proteins. The findings reported here are part of ongoing studies to determine the functions of non-coding RNAs from the IR1 region of EBV. Results Human regulatory proteins HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), HNRNPC, HNRNPL, HuR (human antigen R), and protein LIN28A (lin-28 homolog A) were predicted to bind ebv-sisRNA-1 and/or ebv-sisRNA-2; FUS (fused in sarcoma) was predicted to associate with ebv-sisRNA-2. Protein interactions were validated using a combination of RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pulldown assays. Both sisRNAs also precipitated with HNRNPD and NONO (non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein). Interestingly, each of these interacting proteins also precipitated non-spliced non-coding RNA sequences transcribed from the IR1 region. Our findings suggest interesting roles for sisRNAs (through their interactions with regulatory proteins) and provide further evidence for the existence of non-spliced stable non-coding RNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3250-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Tompkins
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - D P Valverde
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA
| | - W N Moss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar M, Matta A, Masui O, Srivastava G, Kaur J, Thakar A, Shukla NK, RoyChoudhury A, Sharma M, Walfish PG, Michael Siu KW, Chauhan SS, Ralhan R. Nuclear heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D is associated with poor prognosis and interactome analysis reveals its novel binding partners in oral cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:285. [PMID: 26318153 PMCID: PMC4553214 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-transcriptional regulation by heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) is an important regulatory paradigm in cancer development. Our proteomic analysis revealed hnRNPD overexpression in oral dysplasia as compared with normal mucosa; its role in oral carcinogenesis remains unknown. Here in we determined the hnRNPD associated protein networks and its clinical significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the binding partners of hnRNPD in oral cancer cell lines. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was carried out to unravel the protein interaction networks associated with hnRNPD and key interactions were confirmed by co-IP-western blotting. hnRNPD expression was analyzed in 183 OSCCs, 44 oral dysplasia and 106 normal tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with clinico-pathological parameters and follow up data over a period of 91 months. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox-multivariate-regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of hnRNPD in OSCC. RESULTS We identified 345 binding partners of hnRNPD in oral cancer cells. IPA unraveled novel protein-protein interaction networks associated with hnRNPD and suggested its involvement in multiple cellular processes: DNA repair, replication, chromatin remodeling, cellular proliferation, RNA splicing and stability, thereby directing the fate of oral cancer cells. Protein-protein interactions of hnRNPD with 14-3-3ζ, hnRNPK and S100A9 were confirmed using co-IP-western blotting. IHC analysis showed significant overexpression of nuclear hnRNPD in oral dysplasia [p = 0.001, Odds ratio (OR) = 5.1, 95% CI = 2.1-11.1) and OSCCs (p = 0.001, OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 4.5-14.4) in comparison with normal mucosa. OSCC patients showing nuclear hnRNPD overexpression had significantly reduced recurrence free survival [p = 0.026, Hazard ratio = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.0-3.5] by Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox-multivariate-regression analyses and has potential to define a high-risk subgroup among OSCC patients with nodal negative disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest novel functions of hnRNPD in cellular proliferation and survival, besides RNA splicing and stability in oral cancer. Association of nuclear hnRNPD with poor prognosis in OSCC patients taken together with its associated protein networks in oral cancer warrant future studies designed to explore its potential as a plausible novel target for molecular therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3009, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ajay Matta
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 6-500, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Olena Masui
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gunjan Srivastava
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 6-500, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3009, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nootan Kumar Shukla
- Department of Surgery, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajoy RoyChoudhury
- Department of Dental Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Meherchand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Paul G Walfish
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 6-500, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - K W Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| | - Shyam Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3009, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 6-500, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sagan SM, Chahal J, Sarnow P. cis-Acting RNA elements in the hepatitis C virus RNA genome. Virus Res 2015; 206:90-8. [PMID: 25576644 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a rapidly increasing global health problem with an estimated 170 million people infected worldwide. HCV is a hepatotropic, positive-sense RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. As a positive-sense RNA virus, the HCV genome itself must serve as a template for translation, replication and packaging. The viral RNA must therefore be a dynamic structure that is able to readily accommodate structural changes to expose different regions of the genome to viral and cellular proteins to carry out the HCV life cycle. The ∼ 9600 nucleotide viral genome contains a single long open reading frame flanked by 5' and 3' non-coding regions that contain cis-acting RNA elements important for viral translation, replication and stability. Additional cis-acting RNA elements have also been identified in the coding sequences as well as in the 3' end of the negative-strand replicative intermediate. Herein, we provide an overview of the importance of these cis-acting RNA elements in the HCV life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selena M Sagan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jasmin Chahal
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Sarnow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pierrard MA, Kestemont P, Phuong NT, Tran MP, Delaive E, Thezenas ML, Dieu M, Raes M, Silvestre F. Proteomic analysis of blood cells in fish exposed to chemotherapeutics: evidence for long term effects. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2454-67. [PMID: 22406376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics technology are increasingly used in ecotoxicological studies to characterize and monitor biomarkers of exposure. The present study aims at identifying long term effects of malachite green (MG) exposure on the proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the Asian catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. A common (0.1 ppm) concentration for therapeutic treatment was applied twice with a 72 h interval. PBMC were collected directly at the end of the second bath of MG (T1) and after 1 month of decontamination (T2). Analytical 2D-DIGE gels were run and a total of 2551±364 spots were matched. Among them, MG induced significant changes in abundance of 116 spots with no recovery after one month of decontamination. Using LC-MS/MS and considering single identification per spot, we could identify 25 different proteins. Additionally, MG residues were measured in muscle and in blood indicating that leuco-MG has almost totally disappeared after one month of decontamination. This work highlights long term effects of MG treatment on the PBMC proteome from fish intended for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aline Pierrard
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim MH, Lee DH, Jung SE, Youn DY, Park CS, Lee JH. Effect of Modulation of hnRNP L Levels on the Decay of bcl-2 mRNA in MCF-7 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:15-20. [PMID: 20221275 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that CA repeats in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of bcl-2 mRNA contribute the constitutive decay of bcl-2 mRNA and that hnRNP L (heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L) interacts with CA repeats in the 3'-UTR of bcl-2 mRNA, both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether the alteration of hnRNP L affects the stability of bcl-2 mRNA in vivo. Human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were transfected with hnRNP L-specific shRNA or hnRNP L-expressing vector to decrease or increase hnRNP L levels, respectively, followed by an actinomycin D chase. An RT-PCR analysis showed that the rate of degradation of endogenous bcl-2 mRNA was not affected by the decrease or increase in the hnRNP L levels. Furthermore, during apoptosis or autophagy, in which bcl-2 expression has been reported to decrease, no difference in the degradation of bcl-2 mRNA was observed between control and hnRNP L-knock down MCF-7 Cells. On the other hand, the levels of AUF-1 and nucleolin, transacting factors for ARE in the 3'UTR of bcl-2 mRNA, were not significantly affected by the decrease in hnRNP L, suggesting that a disturbance in the quantitative balance between these transacting factors is not likely to interfere with the effect of hnRNP L. Collectively, the findings indicate that the decay of bcl-2 mRNA does not appear to be directly controlled by hnRNP L in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niepmann M. Internal translation initiation of picornaviruses and hepatitis C virus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2009; 1789:529-41. [PMID: 19439208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Picornaviruses and other positive-strand RNA viruses like hepatitis C virus (HCV) enter the cell with a single RNA genome that directly serves as the template for translation. Accordingly, the viral RNA genome needs to recruit the cellular translation machinery for viral protein synthesis. By the use of internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements in their genomic RNAs, these viruses bypass translation competition with the bulk of capped cellular mRNAs and, moreover, establish the option to largely shut-down cellular protein synthesis. In this review, I discuss the structure and function of viral IRES elements, focusing on the recruitment of the cellular translation machinery by the IRES and on factors that may contribute to viral tissue tropism on the level of translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Niepmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee DH, Lim MH, Youn DY, Jung SE, Ahn YS, Tsujimoto Y, Lee JH. hnRNP L binds to CA repeats in the 3'UTR of bcl-2 mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:583-7. [PMID: 19298794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the CA-repeat sequence in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of bcl-2 mRNA is involved in the decay of bcl-2 mRNA. However, the trans-acting factor for the CA element in bcl-2 mRNA remains unidentified. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L), an intron splicing factor, has been reported to bind to CA repeats and CA clusters in the 3'UTR of several genes. We reported herein that the CA repeats of bcl-2 mRNA have the potential to form a distinct ribonuclear protein complex in cytoplasmic extracts of MCF-7 cells, as evidenced by RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (REMSA). A super-shift assay using the hnRNP L antibody completely shifted the complex. Immunoprecipitation with the hnRNP L antibody and MCF-7 cells followed by RT-PCR revealed that hnRNP L interacts with endogenous bcl-2 mRNA in vivo. Furthermore, the suppression of hnRNP L in MCF-7 cells by the transfection of siRNA for hnRNP L resulted in a delay in the degradation of RNA transcripts including CA repeats of bcl-2 mRNA in vitro, suggesting that the interaction between hnRNPL and CA repeats of bcl-2 mRNA participates in destabilizing bcl-2 mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|