1
|
Gentile D, Serino G, Frugis G. CRF transcription factors in the trade-off between abiotic stress response and plant developmental processes. Front Genet 2024; 15:1377204. [PMID: 38694876 PMCID: PMC11062136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1377204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced environmental stress significantly affects crop yield and quality. In response to environmental stressors, plants use defence mechanisms and growth suppression, creating a resource trade-off between the stress response and development. Although stress-responsive genes have been widely engineered to enhance crop stress tolerance, there is still limited understanding of the interplay between stress signalling and plant growth, a research topic that can provide promising targets for crop genetic improvement. This review focuses on Cytokinin Response Factors (CRFs) transcription factor's role in the balance between abiotic stress adaptation and sustained growth. CRFs, known for their involvement in cytokinin signalling and abiotic stress responses, emerge as potential targets for delaying senescence and mitigating yield penalties under abiotic stress conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulated by CRFs paves the way for decoupling stress responses from growth inhibition, thus allowing the development of crops that can adapt to abiotic stress without compromising development. This review highlights the importance of unravelling CRF-mediated pathways to address the growing need for resilient crops in the face of evolving climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gentile
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Serino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ling Y, Jinshi Z, Yilu Q, Jinjin L, Mei L, Weilin Z. Transcriptome profiling reveals ethylene formation in rice seeds by trichloroisocyanuric acid. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1721-1732. [PMID: 37594528 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Ethylene formation via methionine reacting with trichloroisocyanuric acid under FeSO4 condition in a non-enzymatical manner provides one economically and efficiently novel ethylene-forming approach in planta. Rice seed germination can be stimulated by trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). However, the molecular basis of TCICA in stimulating rice seed germination remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism on how TCICA stimulated rice seed germination was examined via comparative transcriptome. Results showed that clustering of transcripts of TCICA-treated seeds, water-treated seeds, and dry seeds was clearly separated. Twenty-two and three hundred differentially expressed genes were identified as TCICA treatment responsive genes and TCICA treatment potentially responsive genes, respectively. Two and one TCICA treatment responsive genes were involved in ethylene signal transduction and iron homeostasis, respectively. Seventeen of the three hundred TCICA treatment potentially responsive genes were significantly annotated to iron ion binding. Meanwhile, level of methionine (ethylene precursor) showed a 73.9% decrease in response to TCICA treatment. Ethylene was then proved to produce via methionine reacting with TCICA under FeSO4 condition in vitro. Revealing ethylene formation by TCICA not only may bring novel insights into crosstalk between ethylene and other phytohormones during rice seed germination, but also may provide one economically and efficiently novel approach to producing ethylene in planta independently of the ethylene biosynthesis in plants and thereby may broaden its applications in investigational and applied purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ling
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Jinshi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yilu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Jinjin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Mei
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhang Weilin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu J, Pei W, He L, Ma B, Tang C, Zhu L, Wang L, Zhong Y, Chen G, Wang Q, Wang Q. ZmEREB92 plays a negative role in seed germination by regulating ethylene signaling and starch mobilization in maize. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011052. [PMID: 37976306 PMCID: PMC10691696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and uniform seed germination is required for modern cropping system. Thus, it is important to optimize germination performance through breeding strategies in maize, in which identification for key regulators is needed. Here, we characterized an AP2/ERF transcription factor, ZmEREB92, as a negative regulator of seed germination in maize. Enhanced germination in ereb92 mutants is contributed by elevated ethylene signaling and starch degradation. Consistently, an ethylene signaling gene ZmEIL7 and an α-amylase gene ZmAMYa2 are identified as direct targets repressed by ZmEREB92. OsERF74, the rice ortholog of ZmEREB92, shows conserved function in negatively regulating seed germination in rice. Importantly, this orthologous gene pair is likely experienced convergently selection during maize and rice domestication. Besides, mutation of ZmEREB92 and OsERF74 both lead to enhanced germination under cold condition, suggesting their regulation on seed germination might be coupled with temperature sensitivity. Collectively, our findings uncovered the ZmEREB92-mediated regulatory mechanism of seed germination in maize and provide breeding targets for maize and rice to optimize seed germination performance towards changing climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linqian He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ben Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oyedoh OP, Yang W, Dhanasekaran D, Santoyo G, Glick BR, Babalola OO. Rare rhizo-Actinomycetes: A new source of agroactive metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108205. [PMID: 37356598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oghoye Priscilla Oyedoh
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biolόgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Transcriptomic insights into the effects of abscisic acid on the germination of Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch seed. Gene 2023; 853:147066. [PMID: 36455787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch is a deciduous tree species. However, the wild resource of M. sieboldii has been declining due to excessive utilization and seed dormancy. In our previous research, M. sieboldii seeds have morphophysiological dormancy and low germination rates under natural conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the genes involved in dormancy maintenance. In this study, the germination percentage of M. sieboldii seeds negatively correlated with the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The hydration of seeds for germination showed three distinct phases. Five key time points were identified: 0 h imbibition (dry seed, GZ), 0 day after imbibition (DAI), 16 DAI, 40 DAI, and 56 DAI. The comprehensive transcript profiles of M. sieboldii seeds treated with ABA and water at the five key germinating stages were obtained. A total of 9641 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 208 and 197 common DEGs were found throughout the ABA and water treatments, respectively. Compared with that in the GZ, 518, 696, 2133, and 1535 DEGs were identified in the SH group at 0, 16, 40 and 56 DAI, respectively. 666, 1725, 1560 and 1415 DEGs were identified in the ABA group at 0, 16, 40, and 56 DAI, respectively. Among the identified DEGs, 12 722 were annotated with GO terms, the top three enriched GO terms were different among the DEGs at 56 DAI in the ABA vs. SH treatments. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs indicated that oxidative phosphorylation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism play an important role in seed response to ABA. 1926 TFs are obtained and classified into 72 families from the M. sieboldii transcriptome. Results of differential gene expression analysis together with qRT-PCR indicated that phase II is crucial for rapid and successful seed germination. This study is the first to present the global expression patterns of ABA-regulated transcripts in M. sieboldii seeds at different germinating phases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Iglesias-Moya J, Cebrián G, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. The ethylene receptor mutation etr2b reveals crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in the control of Cucurbita pepo germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13864. [PMID: 36718078 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced salt tolerance of squash ethylene-insensitive mutants during germination and early stages of seedling development suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) could mediate this tolerance. To gain insight into the crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in seed germination, the germination rate and early seedling growth of wild type (WT) and ethylene-insensitive etr2b mutant were compared in seeds germinated under water and exogenous ABA treatment. The etr2b seeds germinated earlier than WT under both water and ABA, and the effect of ABA on radicle length and seedling growth of etr2b was lower than in WT, indicating that etr2b is also insensitive to ABA. The comparison of ABA and ethylene contents and ABA and ethylene gene expression profiles in WT and etr2b dry and imbibed seeds in either water, NaCl or ABA demonstrated a clear crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in germination. The expression profiles of ethylene genes in WT and etr2b indicated that the role of ethylene in seed germination does not appear to follow the canonical ethylene signaling pathway. Instead, etr2b reduces ABA content during formation of the seeds (dry seeds) and in response to seed imbibition and germination, which means diminished dormancy in the ethylene mutant. The etr2b mutation downregulated the expression of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes during germination, demonstrating the positive role of ethylene receptor gene CpETR2B on seed germination and early seedling growth in squash is mediated by ABA. The reduced effect of exogenous ABA on ethylene production and ethylene gene expression in etr2b seeds suggests that this regulation is also dependent on ethylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Gustavo Cebrián
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Centre CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu K, He Y, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Tian E. Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Combined with RNA Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Basis of Seed Germination in Oilseed Rape. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121780. [PMID: 34944424 PMCID: PMC8698463 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and uniform seed germination improves mechanized oilseed rape production in modern agricultural cultivation practices. However, the molecular basis of seed germination is still unclear in Brassica napus. A population of recombined inbred lines of B. napus from a cross between the lower germination rate variety ‘APL01’ and the higher germination rate variety ‘Holly’ was used to study the genetics of seed germination using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. A total of five QTLs for germination energy (GE) and six QTLs for germination percentage (GP) were detected across three seed lots, respectively. In addition, six epistatic interactions between the QTLs for GE and nine epistatic interactions between the QTLs for GP were detected. qGE.C3 for GE and qGP.C3 for GP were co-mapped to the 28.5–30.5 cM interval on C3, which was considered to be a novel major QTL regulating seed germination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differences in sugar, protein, lipid, amino acid, and DNA metabolism and the TCA cycle, electron transfer, and signal transduction potentially determined the higher germination rate of ‘Holly’ seeds. These results contribute to our knowledge about the molecular basis of seed germination in rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunjiang Yu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Entang Tian
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu H, Wu W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals function of TERF1 in promoting seed germination. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1659-1674. [PMID: 34539109 PMCID: PMC8405750 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed germination marks a new life cycle of a plant. Although ethylene promotes seed germination, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERFs) play an essential role in ethylene signaling. Here we show that overexpression of Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1 (TERF1), an ERF transcription factor isolated from tomato, can promote tobacco seed germination at 23 °C in darkness. Hormones analysis showed that salicylic acid (SA), 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acids (GAs) were significantly increased by TERF1, while jasmonic acid (JA) was significantly reduced in TERF1 seeds. Transcriptome analysis identified 7,961 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 6,213 mRNAs, 25 miRNAs, 1,581 lncRNAs and 141 circRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that cell cycles, sugar metabolism, microtubule-based processes were activated by TERF1, while DNA repair, lipid metabolism were repressed by TERF1. We also identified differentially expressed regulatory genes for ABA and GA biosynthesis or signaling in TERF1 seed, including transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases and ubiquitin protein ligases, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). At posttranscriptional level TERF1 also regulates gene expression through alternative splicing (AS). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed three key biological processes regulated by TERF1, including nitrogen metabolism, light related processes and mitosis. Pheynotype and gene expression analysis showed that TERF1 significantly reduced seed sensitivity to ABA and auxin during germination through repressing key components of ABA signaling pathway. Our results unraveled the function of TERF1 in promoting seed germination. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01049-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu J, Mao C, Zhong Q, Yao X, Li P, Liu C, Ming F. OsNAC2 Is Involved in Multiple Hormonal Pathways to Mediate Germination of Rice Seeds and Establishment of Seedling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699303. [PMID: 34367219 PMCID: PMC8343022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The germination of seeds and establishment of seedling are the preconditions of plant growth and are antagonistically regulated by multiple phytohormones, e.g., ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA). However, the interactions between these phytohormones and their upstream transcriptional regulation during the seed and seedling growth in rice remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a rice NAC (NAM-ATAF-CUC) transcription factor, OsNAC2, the overexpression of which increases the ethylene sensitivity in rice roots during the seedling period. Further study proved that OsNAC2 directly activates the expressions of OsACO and OsACO3, enhancing ethylene synthesis, and then retards seedling establishment. Moreover, OsNAC2 delays the germination of seeds and coleoptile growth through the ABA pathway instead of the ethylene and GA pathway, by targeting the promoters of OsNCED3, OsZEP1, and OsABA8ox1. We also found that OsNAC2 regulates downstream targets in a time-dependent manner by binding to the promoter of OsKO2 in the seedling period but not in the germination stage. Our finding enriched the regulatory network of ethylene, ABA, and GA in the germination of rice seeds and seedling growth, and uncovered new insights into the difference of transcription factors in targeting their downstream components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahammed GJ, Gantait S, Mitra M, Yang Y, Li X. Role of ethylene crosstalk in seed germination and early seedling development: A review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:124-131. [PMID: 32220785 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and early seedling development are two critical phases in plant lifecycle that largely determine crop yield. Phytohormones play an essential role in governing these developmental processes; of these, ethylene (ET; C2H4), the smallest gaseous hormone, plays a major role via crosstalk with other hormones. Typically, the mechanism of hormone (for instance, auxin, cytokinins, ET, and gibberellins) action is determined by cellular context, revealing either synergistic or antagonistic relations. Significant progress has been made, so far, on unveiling ET crosstalk with other hormones and environmental signals, such as light. In particular, stimulatory and inhibitory effects of ET on hypocotyl growth in light and dark, respectively, and its interaction with other hormones provide an ideal model to study the growth-regulatory pathways. In this review, we aim at exploring the mechanisms of multifarious phenomena that occur via ET crosstalk during the germination of seeds (overcoming dormancy), and all through the development of seedlings. Understanding the remarkably complex mechanism of ET crosstalk that emerges from the interaction between hormones and other molecular players to modulate plant growth, remains a challenge in plant developmental biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Monisha Mitra
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Youxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie Q, Essemine J, Pang X, Chen H, Cai W. Exogenous application of abscisic acid to shoots promotes primary root cell division and elongation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110385. [PMID: 32005390 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Root-derived abscisic acid (ABA) is known to regulate shoot physiology, such as stomata closure. Conversely, the basipetal regulatory effect of shoot-derived ABA is poorly understood. Herein, we report that simulation of shoot-ABA accumulation by exogenous application of ABA to shoots basipetally stimulates primary root (PR) growth. ABA applied to shoots accelerates root cell division, as evidenced by the increase in meristem size and cell number and the intensity of CYCB1;1::GFP (a mitosis marker). Root ABA content was not changed following shoot ABA application, although the ABA reporter line RAB18::GFP showed an increase in ABA in the cotyledons. Shoot-ABA application increases basipetal auxin transport by 114 %. Shoot-ABA-promoted PR growth can be abolished by attenuating basipetal auxin flux using 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA, an auxin transport inhibitor), demonstrating that ABA promotes PR growth by increasing basipetal auxin transport. Root cell elongation, evaluated by the total length of the first 7 cells in the elongation zone (EZ), was increased by 56 % following shoot-ABA application. The cell walls of the root EZ were alkalinized by ABA, as exhibited by 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt staining. Higher pH promotes both PR growth and cell elongation. Thus, shoot-ABA promotes cell elongation by alkalinizing the cell wall. In light of our results, we provide a representative detailed model of the basipetal regulatory effect of ABA on PR growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Xie
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Pang
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mwando E, Angessa TT, Han Y, Li C. Salinity tolerance in barley during germination- homologs and potential genes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:93-121. [PMID: 32115909 PMCID: PMC7076347 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinity affects more than 6% of the world's total land area, causing massive losses in crop yield. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development through osmotic and ionic stresses; however, some plants exhibit adaptations through osmotic regulation, exclusion, and translocation of accumulated Na+ or Cl-. Currently, there are no practical, economically viable methods for managing salinity, so the best practice is to grow crops with improved tolerance. Germination is the stage in a plant's life cycle most adversely affected by salinity. Barley, the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, has outstanding salinity tolerance, relative to other cereal crops. Here, we review the genetics of salinity tolerance in barley during germination by summarizing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes. The homologs of candidate genes for salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have been blasted and mapped on the barley reference genome. The genetic diversity of three reported functional gene families for salt tolerance during barley germination, namely dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) protein, somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase and aquaporin genes, is discussed. While all three gene families show great diversity in most plant species, the DREB gene family is more diverse in barley than in wheat and rice. Further to this review, a convenient method for screening for salinity tolerance at germination is needed, and the mechanisms of action of the genes involved in salt tolerance need to be identified, validated, and transferred to commercial cultivars for field production in saline soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Mwando
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ruduś I, Cembrowska-Lech D, Jaworska A, Kępczyński J. Involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and perception during germination of dormant Avena fatua L. caryopses induced by KAR 1 or GA 3. PLANTA 2019; 249:719-738. [PMID: 30370496 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Germination of primary dormant wild oat caused by KAR1 or GA3 is associated with ACC accumulation and increased ethylene production shortly before radicle protrusion as a result of the non-transcriptional and transcriptional activation of ACS and ACO enzymes, respectively. Response to both compounds involves the modulation of ethylene sensitivity through ethylene receptor genes. Harvested Avena fatua caryopses are primary dormant and, therefore, germinated poorly at 20 °C. Karrikin 1 (KAR1), which action probably requires endogenous gibberellins (GAs), and gibberellin A3 (GA3) was found to induce dormant caryopses to germinate. The stimulatory effects were accompanied by the activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and depended on undisturbed ethylene perception. KAR1 and GA3 promoted 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) accumulation during coleorhizae emergence and ethylene production shortly prior to the radicle protrusion, which resulted from the enhanced activity of two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). The inhibitor of ACS adversely affected beneficial impacts of both KAR1 and GA3 on A. fatua caryopses germination, while the inhibitor of ACO more efficiently impeded the GA3 effect. The inhibitors of ethylene action markedly lowered germination in response to KAR1 and GA3. Gene expression studies preceded by the identification of several genes related to ethylene biosynthesis (AfACS6, AfACO1, and AfACO5) and perception (AfERS1b, AfERS1c, AfERS2, AfETR2, AfETR3, and AfETR4) provided further evidence for the engagement of ethylene in KAR1 and GA3 induced germination of A. fatua caryopses. Both AfACO1 and AfACO5 were upregulated, whereas AfACS6 remained unaffected by the treatment. This suggests the existence of different regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic activity, transcriptional for ACO and non-transcriptional for ACS. During imbibition in water, AfERS1b was stronger expressed than other receptor genes. In the presence of KAR1 or GA3, the expression of AfETR3 was substantially induced. Differential expression of ethylene receptor genes implies the modulation of caryopses sensitivity adjusted to ethylene availability and suggests the functional diversification of individual receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ruduś
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Kępczyński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Germinative and Post-Germinative Behaviours of Brassica napus Seeds Are Impacted by the Severity of S Limitation Applied to the Parent Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8010012. [PMID: 30621264 PMCID: PMC6359240 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), sulphur (S) limitation leads to a reduction of seed yield and nutritional quality, but also to a reduction of seed viability and vigour. S metabolism is known to be involved in the control of germination sensu stricto and seedling establishment. Nevertheless, how the germination and the first steps of plant growth are impacted in seeds produced by plants subjected to various sulphate limitations remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the impact of various S-limited conditions applied to the mother plants on the germination indexes and the rate of viable seedlings in a spring oilseed rape cultivar (cv. Yudal). Using a 34S-sulphate pulse method, the sulphate uptake capacity during the seedling development was also investigated. The rate of viable seedlings was significantly reduced for seeds produced under the strongest S-limited conditions. This is related to a reduction of germination vigour and to perturbations of post-germinative events. Compared to green seedlings obtained from seeds produced by well-S-supplied plants, the viable seedlings coming from seeds harvested on plants subjected to severe S-limitation treatment showed nonetheless a higher dry biomass and were able to enhance the sulphate uptake by roots and the S translocation to shoots.
Collapse
|
15
|
Combined QTL mapping, physiological and transcriptomic analyses to identify candidate genes involved in Brassica napus seed aging. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1421-1435. [PMID: 29974306 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Seed aging is an inevitable problem in the germplasm conservation of oil crops. Thus, clarifying the genetic mechanism of seed aging is important for rapeseed breeding. In this study, Brassica napus seeds were exposed to an artificial aging environment (40 °C and 90% relative humidity). Using a population of 172 recombinant inbred lines, 13 QTLs were detected on 8 chromosomes, which explained ~ 9.05% of the total phenotypic variation. The QTLs q2015AGIA-C08 and q2016AGI-C08-2 identified in the two environments were considered the same QTL. After artificial aging, lower germination index, increased relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde and proline content, and reduced soluble sugar, protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected. Furthermore, seeds of extreme lines that were either left untreated (R0 and S0) or subjected to 15 days of artificial aging (R15 and S15) were used for transcriptome sequencing. In total, 2843, 1084, 429 and 1055 differentially expressed genes were identified in R15 vs. R0, S15 vs. S0, R0 vs. S0 and R15 vs. S15, respectively. Through integrated QTL mapping and RNA-sequencing analyses, seven genes, such as BnaA03g37460D, encoding heat shock transcription factor C1, and BnaA03g40360D, encoding phosphofructokinase 4, were screened as candidate genes involved in seed aging. Further researches on these candidate genes could broaden our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of seed aging.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Fu J, Ren X, Wang G, Wang J. Exogenous auxin regulates multi-metabolic network and embryo development, controlling seed secondary dormancy and germination in Nicotiana tabacum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:41. [PMID: 26860357 PMCID: PMC4748683 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin was recognized as a secondary dormancy phytohormone, controlling seed dormancy and germination. However, the exogenous auxin-controlled seed dormancy and germination remain unclear in physiological process and gene network. RESULTS Tobacco seeds soaked in 1000 mg/l auxin solution showed markedly decreased germination compared with that in low concentration of auxin solutions and ddH2O. Using an electron microscope, observations were made on the seeds which did not unfold properly in comparison to those submerged in ddH2O. The radicle traits measured by WinRHIZO, were found to be also weaker than the other treatment groups. Quantified by ELISA, there was no significant difference found in β-1,3glucanase activity and abscisic acid (ABA) content between the seeds imbibed in gradient concentration of auxin solution and those soaked in ddH2O. However, gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin contents were significantly higher at the time of exogenous auxin imbibition and were gradually reduced at germination. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), revealed that the transcriptome of auxin-responsive dormancy seeds were more similar to that of the imbibed seeds when compared with primary dormancy seeds by principal component analysis. The results of gene differential expression analysis revealed that auxin-controlled seed secondary dormancy was associated with flavonol biosynthetic process, gibberellin metabolic process, adenylyl-sulfate reductase activity, thioredoxin activity, glutamate synthase (NADH) activity and chromatin regulation. In addition, auxin-responsive germination responded to ABA, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) mediated signaling pathway (red, far red and blue light), glutathione and methionine (Met) metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In this study, exogenous auxin-mediated seed secondary dormancy is an environmental model that prevents seed germination in an unfavorable condition. Seeds of which could not imbibe normally, and radicles of which also could not develop normally and emerge. To complete the germination, seeds of which would stimulate more GA synthesis to antagonize the stimulation of exogenous auxin. Exogenous auxin regulates multi-metabolic networks controlling seed secondary dormancy and germination, of which the most important thing was that we found the auxin-responsive seed secondary dormancy refers to epigenetic regulation and germination to enhance Met pathway. Therefore, this study uncovers a previously unrecognized transcriptional regulatory networks and physiological development process of seed dormancy and germination with superfluous auxin signal activate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100094, China.
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Yiling Liu
- Institute of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xueliang Ren
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shu K, Liu XD, Xie Q, He ZH. Two Faces of One Seed: Hormonal Regulation of Dormancy and Germination. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:34-45. [PMID: 26343970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed plants have evolved to maintain the dormancy of freshly matured seeds until the appropriate time for germination. Seed dormancy and germination are distinct physiological processes, and the transition from dormancy to germination is not only a critical developmental step in the life cycle of plants but is also important for agricultural production. These processes are precisely regulated by diverse endogenous hormones and environmental cues. Although ABA (abscisic acid) and GAs (gibberellins) are known to be the primary phytohormones that antagonistically regulate seed dormancy, recent findings demonstrate that another phytohormone, auxin, is also critical for inducing and maintaining seed dormancy, and therefore might act as a key protector of seed dormancy. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the sophisticated molecular networks involving the critical roles of phytohormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination, in which AP2-domain-containing transcription factors play key roles. We also discuss the interactions (crosstalk) of diverse hormonal signals in seed dormancy and germination, focusing on the ABA/GA balance that constitutes the central node.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zu-Hua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Corbineau F, Xia Q, Bailly C, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H. Ethylene, a key factor in the regulation of seed dormancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:539. [PMID: 25346747 PMCID: PMC4193209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is an important component of the gaseous environment, and regulates numerous plant developmental processes including seed germination and seedling establishment. Dormancy, the inability to germinate in apparently favorable conditions, has been demonstrated to be regulated by the hormonal balance between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs). Ethylene plays a key role in dormancy release in numerous species, the effective concentrations allowing the germination of dormant seeds ranging between 0.1 and 200 μL L(-1). Studies using inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or of ethylene action and analysis of mutant lines altered in genes involved in the ethylene signaling pathway (etr1, ein2, ain1, etr1, and erf1) demonstrate the involvement of ethylene in the regulation of germination and dormancy. Ethylene counteracts ABA effects through a regulation of ABA metabolism and signaling pathways. Moreover, ethylene insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis are more sensitive to ABA and the seeds are more dormant. Numerous data also show an interaction between ABA, GAs and ethylene metabolism and signaling pathways. It has been increasingly demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a significant role in the regulation of seed germination interacting with hormonal signaling pathways. In the present review the responsiveness of seeds to ethylene will be described, and the key role of ethylene in the regulation of seed dormancy via a crosstalk between hormones and other signals will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Corbineau
- Biologie des Semences (Seed Biology), UMR7622 CNRS-UPMC, Sorbonne Universités – Université Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen C, Letnik I, Hacham Y, Dobrev P, Ben-Daniel BH, Vanková R, Amir R, Miller G. ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE6 protects Arabidopsis desiccating and germinating seeds from stress and mediates cross talk between reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid, and auxin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:370-83. [PMID: 25049361 PMCID: PMC4149721 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.245324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A seed's ability to properly germinate largely depends on its oxidative poise. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is controlled by a large gene network, which includes the gene coding for the hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme, cytosolic ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE6 (APX6), yet its specific function has remained unknown. In this study, we show that seeds lacking APX6 accumulate higher levels of ROS, exhibit increased oxidative damage, and display reduced germination on soil under control conditions and that these effects are further exacerbated under osmotic, salt, or heat stress. In addition, ripening APX6-deficient seeds exposed to heat stress displayed reduced germination vigor. This, together with the increased abundance of APX6 during late stages of maturation, indicates that APX6 activity is critical for the maturation-drying phase. Metabolic profiling revealed an altered activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, changes in amino acid levels, and elevated metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin in drying apx6 mutant seeds. Further germination assays showed an impaired response of the apx6 mutants to ABA and to indole-3-acetic acid. Relative suppression of abscisic acid insensitive3 (ABI3) and ABI5 expression, two of the major ABA signaling downstream components controlling dormancy, suggested that an alternative signaling route inhibiting germination was activated. Thus, our study uncovered a new role for APX6, in protecting mature desiccating and germinating seeds from excessive oxidative damage, and suggested that APX6 modulate the ROS signal cross talk with hormone signals to properly execute the germination program in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changming Chen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Ilya Letnik
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Yael Hacham
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Bat-Hen Ben-Daniel
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Rachel Amir
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Gad Miller
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wilson RL, Kim H, Bakshi A, Binder BM. The Ethylene Receptors ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 and ETHYLENE RESPONSE2 Have Contrasting Roles in Seed Germination of Arabidopsis during Salt Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1353-1366. [PMID: 24820022 PMCID: PMC4081342 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ethylene responses are mediated by a family of five receptors that have both overlapping and nonoverlapping roles. In this study, we used loss-of-function mutants for each receptor isoform to determine the role of individual isoforms in seed germination under salt stress. From this analysis, we found subfunctionalization of the receptors in the control of seed germination during salt stress. Specifically, loss of ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 (ETR1) or ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE4 (EIN4) leads to accelerated germination, loss of ETR2 delays germination, and loss of either ETHYLENE RESPONSE SENSOR1 (ERS1) or ERS2 has no measurable effect on germination. Epistasis analysis indicates that ETR1 and EIN4 function additively with ETR2 to control this trait. Interestingly, regulation of germination by ETR1 requires the full-length receptor. The differences in germination between etr1 and etr2 loss-of-function mutants under salt stress could not be explained by differences in the production of or sensitivity to ethylene, gibberellin, or cytokinin. Instead, etr1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and germinate earlier than the wild type, whereas etr2 loss-of-function mutants have increased sensitivity to ABA and germinate slower than the wild type. Additionally, the differences in seed germination on salt between the two mutants and the wild type are eliminated by the ABA biosynthetic inhibitor norflurazon. These data suggest that ETR1 and ETR2 have roles independent of ethylene signaling that affect ABA signaling and result in altered germination during salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Arkadipta Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abscisic acid regulates root elongation through the activities of auxin and ethylene in Arabidopsis thaliana. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:1259-74. [PMID: 24836325 PMCID: PMC4455775 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.011080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, including inhibition of root elongation and seed germination. We performed an ABA resistance screen to identify factors required for ABA response in root elongation inhibition. We identified two classes of Arabidopsis thaliana AR mutants that displayed ABA-resistant root elongation: those that displayed resistance to ABA in both root elongation and seed germination and those that displayed resistance to ABA in root elongation but not in seed germination. We used PCR-based genotyping to identify a mutation in ABA INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2), positional information to identify mutations in AUXIN RESISTANT1 (AUX1) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), and whole genome sequencing to identify mutations in AUX1, AUXIN RESISTANT4 (AXR4), and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE ROOT1/PIN-FORMED2 (EIR1/PIN2). Identification of auxin and ethylene response mutants among our isolates suggested that auxin and ethylene responsiveness were required for ABA inhibition of root elongation. To further our understanding of auxin/ethylene/ABA crosstalk, we examined ABA responsiveness of double mutants of ethylene overproducer1 (eto1) or ein2 combined with auxin-resistant mutants and found that auxin and ethylene likely operate in a linear pathway to affect ABA-responsive inhibition of root elongation, whereas these two hormones likely act independently to affect ABA-responsive inhibition of seed germination.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li XF, Shao XH, Deng XJ, Wang Y, Zhang XP, Jia LY, Xu J, Zhang DM, Sun Y, Xu L. Necessity of high temperature for the dormancy release of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1340-1347. [PMID: 22795676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Winter dormancy has been extensively studied in many plants, while much less information is available for summer dormancy. Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis is characterized by a prolonged period of summer dormancy during the annual cycle. In the present study, we characterized the nature of dormancy in the controlled growth conditions and investigated the effects of temperature and ethylene on dormancy release. Cessation of growth and senescence of aerial tissues occurred even under conditions favorable for growth, suggesting an endo-dormancy process. Bulbs failed to sprout when they were exposed to low storage temperatures, while high temperature treatment preceding low storage temperatures, or heating interruption during low storage temperatures, could make bulbs sprouting. These results suggest that high temperatures are necessary for endo-dormancy release. Ethylene application during a later storage stage showed an obvious accelerative effect on bulb sprouting, whereas ethylene application during the middle stage had no effect on sprouting. The biological progression of dormancy was further studied through cytological and physiological analyses. Under natural conditions, the ethylene level was reduced to trace amounts with the transition and progression of dormancy. A transient peak in ethylene release was found when the plugged plasmodesmata (PD) began to re-open and flower initiation began. The most common PD possessed electron-dense deposits in endo-dormancy. These data indicate that endo-dormancy ends when flower initiation begins and ethylene peak occurs. Ethylene application had no effect on dormancy release, while it hastened sprouting only after the release from endo-dormancy by high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rajjou L, Duval M, Gallardo K, Catusse J, Bally J, Job C, Job D. Seed germination and vigor. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:507-33. [PMID: 22136565 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Germination vigor is driven by the ability of the plant embryo, embedded within the seed, to resume its metabolic activity in a coordinated and sequential manner. Studies using "-omics" approaches support the finding that a main contributor of seed germination success is the quality of the messenger RNAs stored during embryo maturation on the mother plant. In addition, proteostasis and DNA integrity play a major role in the germination phenotype. Because of its pivotal role in cell metabolism and its close relationships with hormone signaling pathways regulating seed germination, the sulfur amino acid metabolism pathway represents a key biochemical determinant of the commitment of the seed to initiate its development toward germination. This review highlights that germination vigor depends on multiple biochemical and molecular variables. Their characterization is expected to deliver new markers of seed quality that can be used in breeding programs and/or in biotechnological approaches to improve crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Rajjou
- CNRS-Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory, UMR 5240, Bayer CropScience, Lyon Cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryu JY, Park CM, Seo PJ. The floral repressor BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT) modulates flowering initiation under high salinity in Arabidopsis. Mol Cells 2011; 32:295-303. [PMID: 21809215 PMCID: PMC3887636 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral transition is coordinately regulated by both endogenous and exogenous cues to ensure reproductive success under fluctuating environmental conditions. Abiotic stress conditions, including drought and high salinity, also have considerable influence on this developmental process. However, the signaling components and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of floral transition by environmental factors have not yet been defined. In this work, we show that the Arabidopsis BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT) gene, which encodes a member of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) family, regulates floral transition under conditions of high salinity. The BFT gene was transcriptionally induced by high salinity in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Transgenic plants overexpressing the BFT gene (35S:BFT) and BFT-deficient mutant (bft-2) plants were phenotypically indistinguishable from Col-0 plants in seed germination and seedling growth under high salinity. In contrast, although the floral transition was delayed significantly in Col-0 plants under high salinity, that of the bft-2 mutant was not affected by high salinity. We also observed that expression of the APETALA1 (AP1) gene was suppressed to a lesser degree in the bft-2 mutant than in Col-0 plants. Taken together, our observations suggest that BFT mediates salt stress-responsive flowering, providing an adaptive strategy that ensures reproductive success under unfavorable stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ahmad S, Veyrat N, Gordon-Weeks R, Zhang Y, Martin J, Smart L, Glauser G, Erb M, Flors V, Frey M, Ton J. Benzoxazinoid metabolites regulate innate immunity against aphids and fungi in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:317-27. [PMID: 21730199 PMCID: PMC3165881 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.180224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXs), such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), are secondary metabolites in grasses. The first step in BX biosynthesis converts indole-3-glycerol phosphate into indole. In maize (Zea mays), this reaction is catalyzed by either BENZOXAZINELESS1 (BX1) or INDOLE GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE LYASE (IGL). The Bx1 gene is under developmental control and is mainly responsible for BX production, whereas the Igl gene is inducible by stress signals, such as wounding, herbivory, or jasmonates. To determine the role of BXs in defense against aphids and fungi, we compared basal resistance between Bx1 wild-type and bx1 mutant lines in the igl mutant background, thereby preventing BX production from IGL. Compared to Bx1 wild-type plants, BX-deficient bx1 mutant plants allowed better development of the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, and were affected in penetration resistance against the fungus Setosphaeria turtica. At stages preceding major tissue disruption, R. padi and S. turtica elicited increased accumulation of DIMBOA-glucoside, DIMBOA, and 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one-glucoside (HDMBOA-glc), which was most pronounced in apoplastic leaf extracts. Treatment with the defense elicitor chitosan similarly enhanced apoplastic accumulation of DIMBOA and HDMBOA-glc, but repressed transcription of genes controlling BX biosynthesis downstream of BX1. This repression was also obtained after treatment with the BX precursor indole and DIMBOA, but not with HDMBOA-glc. Furthermore, BX-deficient bx1 mutant lines deposited less chitosan-induced callose than Bx1 wild-type lines, whereas apoplast infiltration with DIMBOA, but not HDMBOA-glc, mimicked chitosan-induced callose. Hence, DIMBOA functions as a defense regulatory signal in maize innate immunity, which acts in addition to its well-characterized activity as a biocidal defense metabolite.
Collapse
|
26
|
Three positive regulators of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis, ORE1, ORE3 and ORE9, play roles in crosstalk among multiple hormone-mediated senescence pathways. Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|