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Hu H, Wang P, Angessa TT, Zhang X, Chalmers KJ, Zhou G, Hill CB, Jia Y, Simpson C, Fuller J, Saxena A, Al Shamaileh H, Iqbal M, Chapman B, Kaur P, Dudchenko O, Aiden EL, Keeble‐Gagnere G, Westcott S, Leah D, Tibbits JF, Waugh R, Langridge P, Varshney R, He T, Li C. Genomic signatures of barley breeding for environmental adaptation to the new continents. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1719-1721. [PMID: 37497741 PMCID: PMC10440980 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Hu
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Penghao Wang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Xiao‐Qi Zhang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Kenneth J. Chalmers
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideSouth AustraliaGlen OsmondAustralia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Yong Jia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | | | | | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics WAHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaNedlandsAustralia
| | - Hadi Al Shamaileh
- Genomics WAHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaNedlandsAustralia
| | - Munir Iqbal
- Genomics WAHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaNedlandsAustralia
| | - Brett Chapman
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- School of Agriculture & Environment (SAgE)the University of Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Olga Dudchenko
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineTexasHoustonUSA
- Center for Theoretical Biological PhysicsRice UniversityTexasHoustonUSA
| | - Erez Lieberman Aiden
- School of Agriculture & Environment (SAgE)the University of Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaPerthAustralia
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineTexasHoustonUSA
- Center for Theoretical Biological PhysicsRice UniversityTexasHoustonUSA
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTechPudongChina
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardMassachusettsCambridgeUSA
| | - Gabriel Keeble‐Gagnere
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of JobsPrecincts and Regions, Agribio, La Trobe UniversityVictoriaBundooraAustralia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentAgriculture and FoodWestern AustraliaSouth PerthAustralia
| | | | - Josquin F. Tibbits
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of JobsPrecincts and Regions, Agribio, La Trobe UniversityVictoriaBundooraAustralia
| | | | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideSouth AustraliaGlen OsmondAustralia
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Tianhua He
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaMurdochAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentAgriculture and FoodWestern AustraliaSouth PerthAustralia
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaPerthAustralia
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He T, Angessa TT, Li C. Pleiotropy Structures Plant Height and Seed Weight Scaling in Barley despite Long History of Domestication and Breeding Selection. Plant Phenomics 2023; 5:0015. [PMID: 37040291 PMCID: PMC10076058 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Size scaling describes the relative growth rates of different body parts of an organism following a positive correlation. Domestication and crop breeding often target the scaling traits in the opposite directions. The genetic mechanism of the size scaling influencing the pattern of size scaling remains unexplored. Here, we revisited a diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) panel with genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) profile and the measurement of their plant height and seed weight to explore the possible genetic mechanisms that may lead to a correlation of the two traits and the influence of domestication and breeding selection on the size scaling. Plant height and seed weight are heritable and remain positively correlated in domesticated barley regardless of growth type and habit. Genomic structural equation modeling systematically evaluated the pleiotropic effect of individual SNP on the plant height and seed weight within a trait correlation network. We discovered seventeen novel SNPs (quantitative trait locus) conferring pleiotropic effect on plant height and seed weight, involving genes with function in diverse traits related to plant growth and development. Linkage disequilibrium decay analysis revealed that a considerable proportion of genetic markers associated with either plant height or seed weight are closely linked in the chromosome. We conclude that pleiotropy and genetic linkage likely form the genetic bases of plant height and seed weight scaling in barley. Our findings contribute to understanding the heritability and genetic basis of size scaling and open a new venue for seeking the underlying mechanism of allometric scaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
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Dang VH, Hill CB, Zhang XQ, Angessa TT, McFawn LA, Li C. Multi-locus genome-wide association studies reveal novel alleles for flowering time under vernalisation and extended photoperiod in a barley MAGIC population. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:3087-3102. [PMID: 35879467 PMCID: PMC9482607 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Key genes controlling flowering and interactions of different photoperiod alleles with various environments were identified in a barley MAGIC population. A new candidate gene for vernalisation requirements was also detected. Optimal flowering time has a major impact on grain yield in crop species, including the globally important temperate cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Understanding the genetics of flowering is a key avenue to enhancing yield potential. Although bi-parental populations were used intensively to map genes controlling flowering, their lack of genetic diversity requires additional work to obtain desired gene combinations in the selected lines, especially when the two parental cultivars did not carry the genes. Multi-parent mapping populations, which use a combination of four or eight parental cultivars, have higher genetic and phenotypic diversity and can provide novel genetic combinations that cannot be achieved using bi-parental populations. This study uses a Multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population from four commercial barley cultivars to identify genes controlling flowering time in different environmental conditions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using 5,112 high-quality markers from Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArT-seq), and Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) genetic markers were developed. Phenotypic data were collected from fifteen different field trials for three consecutive years. Planting was conducted at various sowing times, and plants were grown with/without additional vernalisation and extended photoperiod treatments. This study detected fourteen stable regions associated with flowering time across multiple environments. GWAS combined with pangenome data highlighted the role of CEN gene in flowering and enabled the prediction of different CEN alleles from parental lines. As the founder lines of the multi-parental population are elite germplasm, the favourable alleles identified in this study are directly relevant to breeding, increasing the efficiency of subsequent breeding strategies and offering better grain yield and adaptation to growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hoang Dang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lee-Anne McFawn
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Shirdelmoghanloo H, Chen K, Paynter BH, Angessa TT, Westcott S, Khan HA, Hill CB, Li C. Grain-Filling Rate Improves Physical Grain Quality in Barley Under Heat Stress Conditions During the Grain-Filling Period. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:858652. [PMID: 35645996 PMCID: PMC9137397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a primary constraint to Australia's barley production. In addition to impacting grain yield, it adversely affects physical grain quality (weight and plumpness) and market value. The incidence of heat stress during grain filling is rising with global warming. However, breeding for new superior heat-tolerant genotypes has been challenging due to the narrow window of sensitivity, the unpredictable nature of heat stress, and its frequent co-occurrence with drought stress. Greater scientific knowledge regarding traits and mechanisms associated with heat tolerance would help develop more efficient selection methods. Our objective was to assess 157 barley varieties of contrasting genetic backgrounds for various developmental, agro-morphological, and physiological traits to examine the effects of heat stress on physical grain quality. Delayed sowing (i.e., July and August) increased the likelihood of daytime temperatures above 30°C during grain-filling. Supplementary irrigation of field trials ensured a reduced impact of drought stress. Heat tolerance appeared to be the primary factor determining grain plumpness. A wide variation was observed for heat tolerance, particularly among the Australian varieties. Genotypic variation was also observed for grain weight, plumpness, grain growth components, stay-green and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, and mobilisation under normal and delayed sown conditions. Compared to normal sowing, delayed sowing reduced duration of developmental phases, plant height, leaf size, head length, head weight, grain number, plumpness, grain width and thickness, stem WSC content, green leaf area retention, and harvest index (HI), and increased screenings, grain length, grain-filling rate (GFR), WSC mobilisation efficiency (WSCME), and grain protein content. Overall, genotypes with heavier and plumper grains under high temperatures had higher GFR, longer grain-filling duration, longer green leaf area retention, higher WSCME, taller stature, smaller leaf size, greater HI, higher grain weight/plumpness potentials, and earlier flowering. GFR played a significant role in determining barley grain weight and plumpness under heat-stress conditions. Enhancing GFR may provide a new avenue for improving heat tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kefei Chen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Blakely H. Paynter
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hammad Aziz Khan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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He T, Angessa TT, Hill CB, Zhang XQ, Chen K, Luo H, Wang Y, Karunarathne SD, Zhou G, Tan C, Wang P, Westcott S, Li C. Genomic structural equation modelling provides a whole-system approach for the future crop breeding. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:2875-2889. [PMID: 34059938 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using genomic structural equation modelling, this research demonstrates an efficient way to identify genetically correlating traits and provides an effective proxy for multi-trait selection to consider the joint genetic architecture of multiple interacting traits in crop breeding. Breeding crop cultivars with optimal value across multiple traits has been a challenge, as traits may negatively correlate due to pleiotropy or genetic linkage. For example, grain yield and grain protein content correlate negatively with each other in cereal crops. Future crop breeding needs to be based on practical yet accurate evaluation and effective selection of beneficial trait to retain genes with the best agronomic score for multiple traits. Here, we test the framework of whole-system-based approach using structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate how one trait affects others to guide the optimal selection of a combination of agronomically important traits. Using ten traits and genome-wide SNP profiles from a worldwide barley panel and SEM analysis, we revealed a network of interacting traits, in which tiller number contributes positively to both grain yield and protein content; we further identified common genetic factors affecting multiple traits in the network of interaction. Our method demonstrates an efficient way to identify genetically correlating traits and underlying pleiotropic genetic factors and provides an effective proxy for multi-trait selection within a whole-system framework that considers the joint genetic architecture of multiple interacting traits in crop breeding. Our findings suggest the promise of a whole-system approach to overcome challenges such as the negative correlation of grain yield and protein content to facilitating quantitative and objective breeding decisions in future crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kefei Chen
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, SAGI West, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hao Luo
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Sakura D Karunarathne
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Penghao Wang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
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Karunarathne SD, Han Y, Zhang XQ, Dang VH, Angessa TT, Li C. Using chlorate as an analogue to nitrate to identify candidate genes for nitrogen use efficiency in barley. Mol Breed 2021; 41:47. [PMID: 37309383 PMCID: PMC10236044 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important macronutrients for crop growth and development. Large amounts of N fertilizers are applied exogenously to improve grain yield and quality, which has led to environmental pollution and high cost of production. Therefore, improvement of N use efficiency (NUE) is a very important aspect for sustainable agriculture. Here, a pilot experiment was firstly conducted with a set of barley genotypes with confirmed NUE to validate the fast NUE screening, using chlorate as an analogue to nitrate. High NUE genotypes were susceptible to chlorate-induced toxicity whereas the low NUE genotypes were tolerant. A total of 180 barley RILs derived from four parents (Compass, GrangeR, Lockyer and La Trobe) were further screened for NUE. Leaf chlorosis induced by chlorate toxicity was the key parameter observed which was later related to low-N tolerance of the RILs. There was a distinct variation in chlorate susceptibility of the RILs with leaf chlorosis in the oldest leaf ranging from 10 to 80%. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 9 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) conferring high chlorate sensitivity on chromosomes 2H (2), 3H (1), 4H (4), 5H (1) and Un (1). Genes flanking with these markers were retrieved as potential targets for genetic improvement of NUE. Genes encoding Ferredoxin 3, leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein and receptor kinase are responsive to N stress. MTA4H5468 which exhibits concordance with high NUE phenotype can further be explored under different genetic backgrounds and successfully applied in marker-assisted selection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01239-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura D. Karunarathne
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Viet Hoang Dang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia
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Hill CB, Angessa TT, Zhang XQ, Chen K, Zhou G, Tan C, Wang P, Westcott S, Li C. A global barley panel revealing genomic signatures of breeding in modern Australian cultivars. Plant J 2021; 106:419-434. [PMID: 33506596 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The future of plant cultivar improvement lies in the evaluation of genetic resources from currently available germplasm. Today's gene pool of crop genetic diversity has been shaped during domestication and more recently by breeding. Recent efforts in plant breeding have been aimed at developing new and improved varieties from poorly adapted crops to suit local environments. However, the impact of these breeding efforts is poorly understood. Here, we assess the contributions of both historical and recent breeding efforts to local adaptation and crop improvement in a global barley panel by analysing the distribution of genetic variants with respect to geographic region or historical breeding category. By tracing the impact that breeding had on the genetic diversity of Hordeum vulgare (barley) released in Australia, where the history of barley production is relatively young, we identify 69 candidate regions within 922 genes that were under selection pressure. We also show that modern Australian barley varieties exhibit 12% higher genetic diversity than historical cultivars. Finally, field-trialling and phenotyping for agriculturally relevant traits across a diverse range of Australian environments suggests that genomic regions under strong breeding selection and their candidate genes are closely associated with key agronomic traits. In conclusion, our combined data set and germplasm collection provide a rich source of genetic diversity that can be applied to understanding and improving environmental adaptation and enhanced yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Kefei Chen
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Ct, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
- Statistics for the Australian Grains Industry (SAGI) West, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Ct, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Penghao Wang
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Ct, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Ct, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
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Mwando E, Han Y, Angessa TT, Zhou G, Hill CB, Zhang XQ, Li C. Genome-Wide Association Study of Salinity Tolerance During Germination in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32153619 PMCID: PMC7047234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Barley seeds need to be able to germinate and establish seedlings in saline soils in Mediterranean-type climates. Despite being a major cereal crop, barley has few reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes underlying salt tolerance at the germination stage. Breeding programs targeting salinity tolerance at germination require an understanding of genetic loci and alleles in the current germplasm. In this study, we investigated seed-germination-related traits under control and salt stress conditions in 350 diverse barley accessions. A genome-wide association study, using ~24,000 genetic markers, was undertaken to detect marker-trait associations (MTA) and the underlying candidate genes for salinity tolerance during germination. We detected 19 loci containing 52 significant salt-tolerance-associated markers across all chromosomes, and 4 genes belonging to 4 family functions underlying the predicted MTAs. Our results provide new genetic resources and information to improve salt tolerance at germination in future barley varieties via genomic and marker-assisted selection and to open up avenues for further functional characterization of the identified candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Mwando
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Mwando E, Angessa TT, Han Y, Li C. Salinity tolerance in barley during germination- homologs and potential genes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:93-121. [PMID: 32115909 PMCID: PMC7076347 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinity affects more than 6% of the world's total land area, causing massive losses in crop yield. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development through osmotic and ionic stresses; however, some plants exhibit adaptations through osmotic regulation, exclusion, and translocation of accumulated Na+ or Cl-. Currently, there are no practical, economically viable methods for managing salinity, so the best practice is to grow crops with improved tolerance. Germination is the stage in a plant's life cycle most adversely affected by salinity. Barley, the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, has outstanding salinity tolerance, relative to other cereal crops. Here, we review the genetics of salinity tolerance in barley during germination by summarizing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes. The homologs of candidate genes for salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have been blasted and mapped on the barley reference genome. The genetic diversity of three reported functional gene families for salt tolerance during barley germination, namely dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) protein, somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase and aquaporin genes, is discussed. While all three gene families show great diversity in most plant species, the DREB gene family is more diverse in barley than in wheat and rice. Further to this review, a convenient method for screening for salinity tolerance at germination is needed, and the mechanisms of action of the genes involved in salt tolerance need to be identified, validated, and transferred to commercial cultivars for field production in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Mwando
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
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He T, Hill CB, Angessa TT, Zhang XQ, Chen K, Moody D, Telfer P, Westcott S, Li C. Gene-set association and epistatic analyses reveal complex gene interaction networks affecting flowering time in a worldwide barley collection. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:5603-5616. [PMID: 31504706 PMCID: PMC6812734 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-marker genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully detected associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and agronomic traits such as flowering time and grain yield in barley. However, the analysis of individual SNPs can only account for a small proportion of genetic variation, and can only provide limited knowledge on gene network interactions. Gene-based GWAS approaches provide enormous opportunity both to combine genetic information and to examine interactions among genetic variants. Here, we revisited a previously published phenotypic and genotypic data set of 895 barley varieties grown in two years at four different field locations in Australia. We employed statistical models to examine gene-phenotype associations, as well as two-way epistasis analyses to increase the capability to find novel genes that have significant roles in controlling flowering time in barley. Genetic associations were tested between flowering time and corresponding genotypes of 174 putative flowering time-related genes. Gene-phenotype association analysis detected 113 genes associated with flowering time in barley, demonstrating the unprecedented power of gene-based analysis. Subsequent two-way epistasis analysis revealed 19 pairs of gene×gene interactions involved in controlling flowering time. Our study demonstrates that gene-based association approaches can provide higher capacity for future crop improvement to increase crop performance and adaptation to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kefei Chen
- SAGI-WEST, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Paul Telfer
- Australian Grain Technologies Pty Ltd (AGT), SA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei Jingzhou, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hill CB, Angessa TT, McFawn L, Wong D, Tibbits J, Zhang X, Forrest K, Moody D, Telfer P, Westcott S, Diepeveen D, Xu Y, Tan C, Hayden M, Li C. Hybridisation-based target enrichment of phenology genes to dissect the genetic basis of yield and adaptation in barley. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:932-944. [PMID: 30407713 PMCID: PMC6587706 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain widely used for livestock feed, brewing malts and human food. Grain yield is the most important breeding target for genetic improvement and largely depends on optimal timing of flowering. Little is known about the allelic diversity of genes that underlie flowering time in domesticated barley, the genetic changes that have occurred during breeding, and their impact on yield and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic assessment of a worldwide collection of 895 barley accessions based on the targeted resequencing of phenology genes. A versatile target-capture method was used to detect genome-wide polymorphisms in a panel of 174 flowering time-related genes, chosen based on prior knowledge from barley, rice and Arabidopsis thaliana. Association studies identified novel polymorphisms that accounted for observed phenotypic variation in phenology and grain yield, and explained improvements in adaptation as a result of historical breeding of Australian barley cultivars. We found that 50% of genetic variants associated with grain yield, and 67% of the plant height variation was also associated with phenology. The precise identification of favourable alleles provides a genomic basis to improve barley yield traits and to enhance adaptation for specific production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Barley Genetics AllianceWestern Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreSchool of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics AllianceWestern Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreSchool of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Lee‐Anne McFawn
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Agriculture and FoodSouth PerthWAAustralia
| | - Debbie Wong
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Josquin Tibbits
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Xiao‐Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics AllianceWestern Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreSchool of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Kerrie Forrest
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVic.Australia
| | | | - Paul Telfer
- Australian Grain Technologies Pty Ltd (AGT)RoseworthySAAustralia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Agriculture and FoodSouth PerthWAAustralia
| | - Dean Diepeveen
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Agriculture and FoodSouth PerthWAAustralia
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain IndustryYangtze UniversityJingzhouHubeiChina
| | - Cong Tan
- Western Barley Genetics AllianceWestern Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreSchool of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVic.Australia
- School of Applied Systems BiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics AllianceWestern Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology CentreSchool of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Agriculture and FoodSouth PerthWAAustralia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain IndustryYangtze UniversityJingzhouHubeiChina
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Zou M, Zhou G, Angessa TT, Zhang XQ, Li C. Polymorphism of floral type gene Cly1 and its association with thermal stress in barley. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193390. [PMID: 29494631 PMCID: PMC5832248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleistogamy refers to a type of sexual breeding system with closed flowers. Cleistogamous flowers shed their pollen before flower opening, which leads to autogamy. Two SNPs in the open reading frame region of the Cly1 gene are associated with floral type. In the present study, we investigated the floral type of 436 barley accessions. Molecular markers were developed to genotype these barley accessions based on the two SNPs in the Cly1 gene region. The molecular markers explained floral type in 90% of the accessions. The Cly1 gene was sequenced in accessions with inconsistent genotype and phenotype. Thirteen SNPs were detected with ten new SNPs in the gene region. We further investigated whether floral type was associated with temperature stress tolerance in four field trials. One site experienced frost stress with a minimum temperature of -3.4°C during flowering. Grain fertility rates as low as 85% were observed at this site but ranged from 92–96% at the other three sites. The relationship between grain fertility rate and floral type under temperature stress was inconclusive. Some lines with higher grain fertility rates were identified under frost stress, and would be useful for frost stress studies in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zou
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A doubled haploid (DH) population of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) generated from salinity tolerant genotype CM72 and salinity sensitive variety Gairdner was studied for salinity stress tolerance at germination, seedling emergence and first leaf full expansion growth stages. Germination study was conducted with deionized water, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl treatments. Seedling stage salinity tolerance was conducted with three treatments: control, 150 mM NaCl added at seedling emergence and first leaf full expansion growth stages. Results from this study revealed transgressive phenotypic segregations for germination percentage and biomass at seedling stage. Twelve QTL were identified on chromosomes 2H-6H each explaining 10-25% of the phenotypic variations. A QTL located at 176.5 cM on chromosome 3H was linked with fresh weight per plant and dry weight per plant in salinity stress induced at first leaf full expansion growth stage, and dry weight per plant in salinity stress induced at seedling emergence. A stable QTL for germination at both 150 and 300 mM salinity stress was mapped on chromosome 2H but distantly located from a QTL linked with seedling stage salinity stress tolerance. QTL, associated markers and genotypes identified in this study play important roles in developing salinity stress tolerant barley varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences (VLS), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences (VLS), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences (VLS), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Broughton
- Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food WA, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (WZ)
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences (VLS), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food WA, South Perth, WA, Australia
- * E-mail: (CL); (WZ)
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Hamblin J, Stefanova K, Angessa TT. Variation in chlorophyll content per unit leaf area in spring wheat and implications for selection in segregating material. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92529. [PMID: 24676338 PMCID: PMC3967994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area in crops may be of advantage in the search for higher yields. Possible reasons include better light distribution in the crop canopy and less photochemical damage to leaves absorbing more light energy than required for maximum photosynthesis. Reduced chlorophyll may also reduce the heat load at the top of canopy, reducing water requirements to cool leaves. Chloroplasts are nutrient rich and reducing their number may increase available nutrients for growth and development. To determine whether this hypothesis has any validity in spring wheat requires an understanding of genotypic differences in leaf chlorophyll content per unit area in diverse germplasm. This was measured with a SPAD 502 as SPAD units. The study was conducted in series of environments involving up to 28 genotypes, mainly spring wheat. In general, substantial and repeatable genotypic variation was observed. Consistent SPAD readings were recorded for different sampling positions on leaves, between different leaves on single plant, between different plants of the same genotype, and between different genotypes grown in the same or different environments. Plant nutrition affected SPAD units in nutrient poor environments. Wheat genotypes DBW 10 and Transfer were identified as having consistent and contrasting high and low average SPAD readings of 52 and 32 units, respectively, and a methodology to allow selection in segregating populations has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hamblin
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Katia Stefanova
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Maass BL, Knox MR, Venkatesha SC, Angessa TT, Ramme S, Pengelly BC. Lablab purpureus-A Crop Lost for Africa? Trop Plant Biol 2010; 3:123-135. [PMID: 20835399 PMCID: PMC2933844 DOI: 10.1007/s12042-010-9046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, so-called 'lost crops' have been appraised in a number of reviews, among them Lablab purpureus in the context of African vegetable species. This crop cannot truly be considered 'lost' because worldwide more than 150 common names are applied to it. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper aims to put forward four theses, (i) Lablab is one of the most diverse domesticated legume species and has multiple uses. Although its largest agro-morphological diversity occurs in South Asia, its origin appears to be Africa. (ii) Crop improvement in South Asia is based on limited genetic diversity. (iii) The restricted research and development performed in Africa focuses either on improving forage or soil properties mostly through one popular cultivar, Rongai, while the available diversity of lablab in Africa might be under threat of genetic erosion. (iv) Lablab is better adapted to drought than common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), both of which have been preferred to lablab in African agricultural production systems. Lablab might offer comparable opportunities for African agriculture in the view of global change. Its wide potential for adaptation throughout eastern and southern Africa is shown with a GIS (geographic information systems) approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte L. Maass
- Department of Crop Sciences: Agronomy in the Tropics, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Present Address: CIAT-TSBF, ICRAF Campus, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maggie R. Knox
- John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - S. C. Venkatesha
- University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka India
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Department of Crop Sciences: Agronomy in the Tropics, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Present Address: The University of Western Australia (M703), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Stefan Ramme
- Department of Crop Sciences: Agronomy in the Tropics, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bruce C. Pengelly
- Commwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO): Sustainable Ecosystems, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Qld. 4067 Australia
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