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Zhao W, Ye J, Yang X, Wang J, Cong L, Zhang Q, Li J. Rynchopeterine inhibits the formation of hypertrophic scars by regulating the miR-21/HIF1AN axis. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114114. [PMID: 38823472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a fibroproliferative skin disease characterized by abnormal wound healing and pathological excessive fibrosis of the skin. Currently, the molecular mechanism of the disease is still largely unknown, and there is no effective drug treatment. In this study, we explored the effect of Rynchopeterine on the formation of HS. HS fibroblasts (HSFs) were isolated from the HS tissues of patients recovering from severe burns. After treating HSFs with different concentrations of Rynchopeterine, CCK-8, EdU, and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, and contractile ability of HSFs. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the effect of Rynchopeterine on the expression of miR-21 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha subunit suppressor (HIF1AN). The dual-luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-21 and HIF1AN. Rynchopeterine reduced the expression of Col1a2, Col3a1, and α-SMA, inhibited proliferation and contraction of HSFs, and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. miR-21 was highly expressed in HS tissues and HSFs, and Rynchopeterine could inhibit miR-21 expression. Overexpression of miR-21 and knockdown of HIF1AN increased proliferation, activation, contraction, and collagen synthesis of HSFs, and inhibited their apoptosis. In vivo, Rynchopeterine could reduce the collagen content of the dermis and the positive ratio of PCNA and α-SMA. Rynchopeterine is a good therapeutic agent for HS, which up-regulates the expression of HIF1AN by inhibiting miR-21, thereby inhibiting the formation of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jianzhou Ye
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Jialan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
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BangHong J, YuKun W, Ao S, Tao S, PeiJun S, XuWen L, Lin L, ZhuYou X, Li Z. Low-level laser activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-promoting hair follicle stem cell regeneration and wound healing: Upregulate the expression of key downstream gene Lef 1. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13807. [PMID: 38887112 PMCID: PMC11182782 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which low-level laser stimulation promotes the proliferation of intraepithelial hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in wounds. This research aims to expand the applications of laser treatment, enhance wound repair methods, and establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for achieving accelerated wound healing. METHODS The experimental approach involved irradiating a cell model with low-level laser to assess the proliferation of HFSCs and examine alterations in the expression of proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A mouse back wound model was established to investigate the effects of low-level laser irradiation on wound healing rate, wound microenvironment, and the proliferation of HFSCs in relation to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. RESULTS The research findings indicate that low-level laser light effectively activates the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to the increased accumulation of core protein β-catenin and the upregulation of key downstream gene Lef 1. Consequently, this regulatory mechanism facilitates various downstream biological effects, including the notable promotion of HFSC proliferation and differentiation into skin appendages and epithelial tissues. As a result, the process of wound healing is significantly accelerated. CONCLUSION Low levels of laser activates the Wnt signalling pathway, promotes the regeneration of hair follicle stem cells and accelerates wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang BangHong
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Wang YuKun
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Shi Ao
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical SchoolLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Sun Tao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Song PeiJun
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Li XuWen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xiong ZhuYou
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
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Hameedi SG, Saulsbery A, Olutoye OO. The Pathophysiology and Management of Pathologic Scarring-a Contemporary Review. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024. [PMID: 38545753 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2023.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Significance: Pathologic scarring occurs secondary to imbalances in the cellular mechanisms of wound healing and affects millions of people annually. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the pathophysiology and management of pathologic scarring for clinicians and scientists alike. Recent Advances: Contemporary research in the field has identified aberrations in transforming growth factor-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β/SMAD) signaling pathways as key drivers of pathologic scar formation; indeed, this pathway is targeted by many treatment modalities and translational investigations currently underway. Although intralesional injection of corticosteroids has been the gold standard in the treatment of pathologic scarring, studies show greater treatment efficacy with the use of combination injections such as triamcinolone/5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone/botulinum toxin. Adjunctive therapies including ablative fractional carbon dioxide/erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and non-ablative pulsed-dye lasers, microneedling, and carboxytherapy have shown encouraging results in small cohort studies. Translational investigations involving the use of nanogels, RNA interference, and small molecules targeting TGF-β/SMAD pathways are also currently underway and hold promise for the future. Critical Issues: The heterogeneous nature of hypertrophic scars and keloids poses significant challenges in formulating standardized treatment and assessment protocols, thereby limiting the conclusions that can be drawn. Future Directions: Rigorous clinical trials into the individual and synergistic effects of these therapies would be ideal before any definitive conclusions or evidence-based treatment recommendations can be made. Owing to the heterogeneity of the pathology and patient population, well-conducted cohort studies may be the next best option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia G Hameedi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela Saulsbery
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Oluyinka O Olutoye
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Eremenko EE, Kwan PO, Ding J, Ghosh S, Tredget EE. The effects of TGF-β1 and IFN-α2b on decorin, decorin isoforms and type I collagen in hypertrophic scar dermal fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:135-145. [PMID: 38243615 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HTS) develop from an excessive synthesis of structural proteins like collagen and a decreased expression of proteoglycans such as decorin. Previous research has demonstrated that decorin expression is significantly down-regulated in HTS, deep dermal tissue, and thermally injured tissue, reducing its ability to regulate pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and normal fibrillogenesis. However, treatment of HTS fibroblasts with interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-α2b) has been shown to reduce excessive collagen synthesis and improve HTS by reducing serum TGF-β1 levels. The expression of decorin isoforms in HTS is currently unknown and the effects of TGF-β1 and IFN-α2b on decorin, decorin isoform expression and type 1 collagen are of great interest to our group. Dermal fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1 and/or IFN-α2b, for 48 h. The expression and secretion of decorin, decorin isoforms and type 1 collagen were quantified with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The mRNA expression of decorin and each isoform was significantly reduced in HTS fibroblasts relative to normal skin. TGF-β1 decreased the mRNA expression of decorin and decorin isoforms, whereas IFN-α2b showed the opposite effect. IFN-α2b significantly inhibited TGF-β1's effect on the mRNA expression of type I collagen alpha 1 in papillary dermal fibroblasts and overall showed relative effects of inhibiting TGF-β1. These data support that a further investigation into the structural and functional roles of decorin isoforms in HTS pathogenesis is warranted and that IFN-α2b is an important agent in reducing fibrotic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Eremenko
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter O Kwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology/Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Yang Z, Yang Z, Zuo Z. Early intervention of carbon dioxide fractional laser in hypertrophic scar through TGFβ-1/ Smad3 signaling pathway. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:78. [PMID: 38388742 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars are usually the result of surgical trauma or burn,and more common in individuals with a darker skin color. They appear as red and raised lesions around the wound that continually expand over a period of weeks or months, causing itching, pain, burning sensation and discomfort. Severe scarring affects interpersonal and social relationships, and decreases the quality of life of the patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide fractional laser as an early intervention against hypertrophic scars using a rabbit ear scar model, and explore the role of the TGFβ-1/ Smad3 signaling pathway in scar hyperplasia. Four wounds were made into each ear of rabbits, and divided into the untreated control and three laser-treatment groups. The experimental groups received laser intervention once, twice and thrice respectively. laser treatment significantly inhibited the formation of hypertrophic scars, and maximum benefits were seen in the wounds that received three laser treatments. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the in situ expression of TGFβ-1 and Smad3 in the scars decreased by varying degrees after laser intervention, and was most obvious after three laser interventions. Furthermore, the expression levels were the lowest at the end of 6 months after modeling. Therefore, we can assume that early intervention with carbon dioxide fractional laser can prevent formation of hypertrophic scars by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Burns, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiguo Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongbao Zuo
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Burns, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Zhang Y, Ye R, Dong J, Bai Y, He Y, Ni W, Yao M. Efficacy and safety of ablative CO 2 fractional laser and narrowband intense pulsed light for the treatment of hypertrophic scars: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2023; 34:2202287. [PMID: 37070799 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2202287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hypertrophic scarring is a complex process, and numerous methods have been introduced to treat scars. This study aims to evaluate the effect of combined CO2 fractional laser and narrowband intense pulsed light (IPL) compared to IPL alone in the treatment of hypertrophic scars. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized controlled study enrolled 138 patients with hypertrophic scars. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: CO2-IPL and IPL group, and received three sessions at 10-14-week intervals for 3-month follow-up. Two independent plastic surgeons evaluated the treatments using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS). Overall satisfaction was evaluated using the Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS). RESULTS 101 subjects completed the study. Compared to single IPL, the combination CO2-IPL group showed a significant improvement in itching, color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity, except for pain, and an enhancement in vascularization, pigmentation, thickness, relief, and pliability of the scar, assessed by POSAS (p < .01). 100% patients in the combination group were satisfied compared to 84% in IPL alone. CONCLUSION The combination of CO2 fractional laser and narrowband IPL efficiently improved the appearance and profile of hypertrophic scars, offering a comprehensive and reliable approach for scar therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongan Ye
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiying Dong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubing Bai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tan M, Wu D, Zhou Y, Duan B. Centella triterpenes cream as a potential drug for the treatment of hypertrophic scar through inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3: A network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiments. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3511-3519. [PMID: 37563868 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars (HS) often affect the normal function and appearance of the skin and bring adverse effects to the body and mind of patients, being a challenge in the fields of burns and plastic surgery as well as rehabilitation. Despite significant efficacy of centella triterpenes cream for treating HS clinically, its pharmacodynamics and molecular targets are still unclear. Therefore, the network pharmacology analysis combined with in vitro cell molecular biology experiments was used to explore the mechanism and targets of centella triterpenes cream treating HS in this study. METHODS First, target genes of asiaticoside (AC) were obtained from the databases including the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, similarity ensemble approach, SwissTargetPrediction and TargetNet, and HS targets were acquired from the databases like Disgenet, GeneCards, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. The common targets of AC-HS were obtained through plotting a Venn diagram. Subsequently, STRING 11.0 was employed for analyzing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the common targets, and cytoscape 3.9.0 for analyzing the connectivity of PPI and plotting the network diagram of "drug-component-target". Additionally, a modified tissue culture method was applied to separate primary normal fibroblasts (NFs) in human skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs). HSFs after 24-h AC treatment were subjected to MTT assay to detect cell viability, scratch assay to assess cell migration ability, and western blot to test the protein expression levels of STAT3, p-STAT3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagen I (COL 1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS In network pharmacology analysis, 134 pharmacodynamic targets of AC and 2333 HS targets were obtained after retrieving the database, 50 AC-HS common targets were obtained by a Venn diagram, and a total of 178 edges and 13 core genes such as JUN and STAT3 were acquired by PPI analysis. In vitro experiments showed that the phosphorylation level of STAT3 (p-STAT3) was increased in HSFs. In addition to reducing p-STAT3 in HSFs, AC significantly inhibited the cell viability and migration of HSFs and downregulated the protein levels of TGF-β1, COL 1, FN 1, and α-SMA. CONCLUSION STAT3 can be activated in HS. AC may exert its pharmacological effects of inhibiting TGF-β1 signal transduction and regulating extracellular matrix remodeling in HS by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. However, the specific molecular mechanism of AC remains to be verified through further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanshijing Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Duan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hu Z, Luo Y, Ni R, Hu Y, Yang F, Du T, Zhu Y. Biological importance of human amniotic membrane in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100790. [PMID: 37711653 PMCID: PMC10498009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost layer of the placenta. Its distinctive structure and the biological and physical characteristics make it a highly biocompatible material in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. It also acts as a supply of bioactive factors and cells, which indicate the advantages over other tissues. In this review, we firstly discussed the biological properties of hAM-derived cells in vivo or in vitro, along with their stemness of markers, pointing out a promising source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Then, we systematically summarized current knowledge on the collection, preparation, preservation, and decellularization of hAM, as well as their characteristics helping to improve the understanding of applications in tissue engineering. Finally, we highlighted the recent advances in which hAM has undergone additional modifications to achieve an adequate perspective of regenerative medicine applications. More investigations are required in utilizing appropriate modifications to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of hAM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Renhao Ni
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Li J, Yin Y, Zou J, Zhang E, Li Q, Chen L, Li J. The adipose-derived stem cell peptide ADSCP2 alleviates hypertrophic scar fibrosis via binding with pyruvate carboxylase and remodeling the metabolic landscape. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14010. [PMID: 37366253 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of a novel peptide derived from adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM). METHODS Mass spectrometry was applied to identify expressed peptides in ADSC-CM obtained at different time points. The cell counting kit-8 assay and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were performed to screen the functional peptides contained within ADSC-CM. RNA-seq, western blot, a back skin excisional model of BALB/c mice, the peptide pull-down assay, rescue experiments, untargeted metabolomics, and mixOmics analysis were performed to thoroughly understand the functional mechanism of selected peptide. RESULTS A total of 93, 827, 1108, and 631 peptides were identified in ADSC-CM at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of conditioning, respectively. A peptide named ADSCP2 (DENREKVNDQAKL) derived from ADSC-CM inhibited collagen and ACTA2 mRNAs in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Moreover, ADSCP2 facilitated wound healing and attenuated collagen deposition in a mouse model. ADSCP2 bound with the pyruvate carboxylase (PC) protein and inhibited PC protein expression. Overexpressing PC rescued the reduction in collagen and ACTA2 mRNAs caused by ADSCP2. Untargeted metabolomics identified 258 and 447 differential metabolites in the negative and positive mode, respectively, in the ADSCP2-treated group. The mixOmics analysis, which integrated RNA-seq and untargeted metabolomics data, provided a more holistic view of the functions of ADSCP2. CONCLUSION Overall, a novel peptide derived from ADSC-CM, named ADSCP2, attenuated hypertrophic scar fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, and the novel peptide ADSCP2 might be a promising drug candidate for clinical scar therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yiliang Yin
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Jijun Zou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enyuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
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Wasson E, Thandi C, Hitchens E, Thomas K, Keith D. An audit of the use of fractional CO2 laser for hypertrophic burn scars: a real-life perspective. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:144. [PMID: 37347311 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wasson
- Foundation School, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Charankumal Thandi
- Department of Dermatology, North Bristol NHS Trust & Bristol Laser Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Hitchens
- Department of Dermatology, North Bristol NHS Trust & Bristol Laser Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Kay Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, North Bristol NHS Trust & Bristol Laser Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel Keith
- Department of Dermatology, North Bristol NHS Trust & Bristol Laser Centre, Bristol, UK
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11
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Schaffrick L, Ding J, Kwan P, Tredget E. The dynamic changes of monocytes and cytokines during wound healing post-burn injury. Cytokine 2023; 168:156231. [PMID: 37247448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injury is a sudden and traumatic injury that affects a large part of the population worldwide, who are placed at high risk of developing hypertrophic scars (HTS). HTS are a fibrotic scar resulting in painful contracted and raised scarring, affecting mobility in joints and work life, as well as cosmetically. The aim of this research was to enhance our understanding of the systematic response of monocytes and cytokines in wound healing after burn injury, in order to develop novel approaches to prevention and treatment of HTS. METHODS Twenty-seven burn patients and thirteen healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Burn patients were stratified by burn total body surface area (TBSA). Peripheral blood samples were taken post-burn injury. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from the blood samples. This research investigated cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL1RA, IL-10, and chemokine pathways SDF-1/CXCR4, MCP-1/CCR2, RANTES/CCR5 during the wound healing process in burn patients with varying severity of injuries by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. PBMCs were stained for monocytes and the chemokine receptors by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey correction, and regression analysis was performed using Pearson's Correlation analysis. RESULTS The CD14+CD16- monocyte subpopulation is larger in patients who developed HTS at 4-7 days. The CD14+CD16+ monocyte subpopulation is smaller in the first week of injury, where it is similar after 8 days. Burn injury increased CXCR4, CCR2, and CCR5 expressions in CD14+ CD16+ monocytes. Increases in MCP-1 at 0-3 days after burn injury was positively correlated with burn severity. IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1 significantly increased with increasing burn severity. CONCLUSIONS Monocytes and their chemokine receptors, as well as systemic levels of cytokines in wound healing of burn patients and scar development will require ongoing assessment to enhance our understanding of the abnormal wound healing after burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Schaffrick
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jie Ding
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Peter Kwan
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Kidzeru EB, Lebeko M, Sharma JR, Nkengazong L, Adeola HA, Ndlovu H, P Khumalo N, Bayat A. Immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis with focus on raised cutaneous scars. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:570-587. [PMID: 36562321 PMCID: PMC10947010 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Raised dermal scars including hypertrophic, and keloid scars as well as scalp-associated fibrosing Folliculitis Keloidalis Nuchae (FKN) are a group of fibrotic raised dermal lesions that mostly occur following cutaneous injury. They are characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, primarily excessive collagen type 1 production by hyperproliferative fibroblasts. The extent of ECM deposition is thought to be proportional to the severity of local skin inflammation leading to excessive fibrosis of the dermis. Due to a lack of suitable study models, therapy for raised dermal scars remains ill-defined. Immune cells and their associated markers have been strongly associated with dermal fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of the immune system and use of anti-inflammatory cytokines are of potential interest in the management of dermal fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss the importance of immune factors in the pathogenesis of raised dermal scarring. The aim here is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the literature, from PubMed, Scopus, and other relevant search engines in order to describe the known immunological factors associated with raised dermal scarring. The importance of immune cells including mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and relevant molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, antibodies, transcription factors, and other immune-associated molecules as well as tissue lymphoid aggregates identified within raised dermal scars will be presented. A growing body of evidence points to a shift from proinflammatory Th1 response to regulatory/anti-inflammatory Th2 response being associated with the development of fibrogenesis in raised dermal scarring. In summary, a better understanding of immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis will likely enable future development of potential immune-modulated therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic targets in raised dermal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Banboye Kidzeru
- Wound Healing And Keloid Scar Unit, Medical Research Council (South Africa), Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology Laboratory (LAMMII)Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies (CRSPP)Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and InnovationYaoundéCameroon
| | - Maribanyana Lebeko
- Wound Healing And Keloid Scar Unit, Medical Research Council (South Africa), Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Present address:
Cape Biologix Technologies (PTY, LTD)Cape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jyoti Rajan Sharma
- Wound Healing And Keloid Scar Unit, Medical Research Council (South Africa), Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow ValleyCape TownSouth Africa
- Present address:
Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow ValleyCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Lucia Nkengazong
- Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology Laboratory (LAMMII)Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies (CRSPP)Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and InnovationYaoundéCameroon
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Wound Healing And Keloid Scar Unit, Medical Research Council (South Africa), Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Wound Healing And Keloid Scar Unit, Medical Research Council (South Africa), Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Wound Healing And Keloid Scar Unit, Medical Research Council (South Africa), Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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13
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Ma L, Hua L, Yu W, Ke L, Li LY. TSG-6 inhibits hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation by regulating IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signalling. Int Wound J 2023; 20:1008-1019. [PMID: 36056472 PMCID: PMC10031217 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-stimulated gene (TSG-6) was reported to suppress hypertrophic scar (HS) formation in a rabbit ear model, and the overexpression of TSG-6 in human HS fibroblasts (HSFs) was found to induce their apoptotic death. The molecular basis for these findings, however, remains to be clarified. HSFs were subjected to TSG-6 treatment. Treatment with TSG-6 significantly suppressed HSF proliferation and induced them to undergo apoptosis. Moreover, TSG-6 exposure led to reductions in collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA mRNA and protein levels, with a corresponding drop in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression indicative of impaired proliferative activity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also suppressed in these HSFs as demonstrated by decreases in Bip and p-IRE1α expression, downstream inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) -Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathway signalling was inhibited and treated cells failed to induce NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. Overall, ER stress was found to trigger inflammatory activity in HSFs via the IRE1α-TRAF2 axis, as confirmed with the specific inhibitor of IRE1α STF083010. Additionally, the effects of TSG-6 on apoptosis, collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and PCNA of HSFs were reversed by the IRE1α activator thapsigargin (TG). These data suggest that TSG-6 administration can effectively suppress the proliferation of HSFs in part via the inhibition of IRE1α-mediated ER stress-induced inflammation (IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signalling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing city Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou City, PR China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Yong Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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14
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Jiang S, Qian S, Zhou L, Meng J, Jiang R, Wang C, Fang X, Yang C, Ding Z, Zhuo S, Liu Z. Mapping the 3D remodeling of the extracellular matrix in human hypertrophic scar by multi-parametric multiphoton imaging using endogenous contrast. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13653. [PMID: 36873151 PMCID: PMC9975259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypertrophic scar is an aberrant form of wound healing process, whose clinical efficacy is limited by a lack of understanding of its pathophysiology. Remodeling of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is closely associated with scar progression. Herein, we perform label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) of both fiber components from human skin specimens and propose a multi-fiber metrics (MFM) analysis model for mapping the structural remodeling of the ECM in hypertrophic scars in a highly-sensitive, three-dimensional (3D) manner. We find that both fiber components become wavier and more disorganized in scar tissues, while content accumulation is observed from elastin fibers only. The 3D MFM analysis can effectively distinguish normal and scar tissues with better than 95% in accuracy and 0.999 in the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Further, unique organizational features with orderly alignment of both fibers are observed in scar-normal adjacent regions, and an optimized combination of features from 3D MFM analysis enables successful identification of all the boundaries. This imaging and analysis system uncovers the 3D architecture of the ECM in hypertrophic scars and exhibits great translational potential for evaluating scars in vivo and identifying individualized treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shuhao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Lingxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Rushan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xinguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Zhihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
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15
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The Complexity of the Post-Burn Immune Response: An Overview of the Associated Local and Systemic Complications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030345. [PMID: 36766687 PMCID: PMC9913402 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury induces a complex inflammatory response, both locally and systemically, and is not yet completely unravelled and understood. In order to enable the development of accurate treatment options, it is of paramount importance to fully understand post-burn immunology. Research in the last decades describes insights into the prolonged and excessive inflammatory response that could exist after both severe and milder burn trauma and that this response differs from that of none-burn acute trauma. Persistent activity of complement, acute phase proteins and pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, changes in lymphocyte activity, activation of the stress response and infiltration of immune cells have all been related to post-burn local and systemic pathology. This "narrative" review explores the current state of knowledge, focusing on both the local and systemic immunology post-burn, and further questions how it is linked to the clinical outcome. Moreover, it illustrates the complexity of post-burn immunology and the existing gaps in knowledge on underlying mechanisms of burn pathology.
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16
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Chancheewa B, Asawanonda P, Noppakun N, Kumtornrut C. Myofibroblasts, B Cells, and Mast Cells in Different Types of Long-Standing Acne Scars. Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8:469-475. [PMID: 36407643 PMCID: PMC9672862 DOI: 10.1159/000524566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne scars are classified into various types based on their appearances, ranging from hypertrophic to atrophic. Abnormal wound healing processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of scars; however, the exact mechanisms involved in various scar appearances have still not been elucidated. In this study, we used immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry techniques to detect the presence of myofibroblasts, B cells, and mast cells in each type of acne scar persisting longer than 6 months. We found the highest density of myofibroblasts in hypertrophic acne scars, while in the other atrophic scars, we could not identify any myofibroblast-rich areas in our specimens. B-cell infiltration was mild and found in only 23% (4/17) of all acne scar specimens. Interestingly, mast cells were identified in all specimens, ranging from minimal to high density, and a high number of mast cells in acne scars were associated with obesity. In conclusion, myofibroblasts are abundant only in hypertrophic acne scars, and mast cells, but not B cells, might play an important role in the pathogenesis of long-standing acne scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bussabong Chancheewa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Noppakun
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanat Kumtornrut
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Zarei H, Tamri P, Asl SS, Soleimani M, Moradkhani S. Hydroalcoholic Extract of Scrophularia Striata Attenuates Hypertrophic Scar, Suppresses Collagen Synthesis, and Stimulates MMP2 and 9 Gene Expression in Rabbit Ear Model. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:258-267. [PMID: 36186090 PMCID: PMC9510145 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.3.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypertrophic scars (HSs) are caused by abnormal wound healing. To date, no standard treatment has been made available for HSs. Scrophularia striata has been reported to accelerate wound healing and has the potential to prevent HS formation. In this study, we investigated the anti-scarring effects of S. striata extract (SSE) in a rabbit ear model of scarring. Methods In this study, New Zealand white rabbit (weight 2.3-2.5 kg) were used. In the prevention phase of the study, three test groups received 5%, 10%, and 15% ointments of SSE in the Eucerin base, the fourth group received Eucerin, and the fifth group received no treatment. The samples were obtained on day 35 after wounding. In the treatment phase of the study, the test groups received an intralesional injection of SSE (5%, 10%, and 15%), the fourth group received an intralesional injection of triamcinolone, the fifth group received a solvent (injection vehicle), and the sixth group received no treatment. To evaluate the anti-scarring effects of SSE, the scar elevation index (SEI), epidermis thickness index (ETI), collagen deposition, and MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression were evaluated. Results A significant reduction in SEI, ETI, and collagen deposition was noted in animals treated with SSE compared with the control groups. In addition, topical SSE stimulated MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate the potential for SSE in the prevention and treatment of HS. SSE could be prepared as an appropriate formulation to treat wounds and prevent abnormal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatam Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pari Tamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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18
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Ahn KJ, Kim JS. TGF-β1 upregulates Sar1a expression and induces procollagen-I secretion in hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1473-1482. [PMID: 36188194 PMCID: PMC9483117 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is a common fibroproliferative disorder that typically follows thermal and other injuries involving the deep dermis. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); however, the exact mechanisms in HTS have not been elucidated. We conducted this study to explore the cellular signaling mechanisms for expression of Sar1a, a coat protein complex II-associated small GTPase, in HTS fibroblasts (HTSF). We found that Sar1a was upregulated in HTSF as compared to that in normal fibroblasts. Furthermore, stimulation of TGF-β1 increased the expression of Sar1a in HTSF, and small interfering RNA for Sar1a suppressed procollagen-I (PC-I) secretion. Next we investigated the signaling mechanism from TGF-β1 to Sar1a expression and its association with PC-I secretion. In the presence of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or p38 inhibitors, the effect of TGF-β1 on Sar1a expression and PC-I secretion significantly decreased; however, it had no effect on collagen-1A (Col-1A) expression. Further, the inhibitors of Smad3 or extracellular signal-regulated kinases inhibited TGF-β1-induced Col-1A expression but had no effect on PC-I secretion and Sar1a expression. Taken together, our results suggested that TGF-β1 induces Sar1a expression through TAK1 signaling and this signaling event regulates PC-I secretion in HTSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Jae Ahn
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63063, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, 27909, Korea
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19
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Kim YH, Kim HK, Choi JW, Kim YC. Photobiomodulation therapy with an 830-nm light-emitting diode for the prevention of thyroidectomy scars: a randomized, double-blind, sham device-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3583-3590. [PMID: 36045183 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, and sham device-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of home-based photobiomodulation therapy using an 830-nm light-emitting diode (LED)-based device for the prevention of and pain relief from thyroidectomy scars. Participants were randomized to receive photobiomodulation therapy using an LED device or a sham device without an LED from 1 week postoperatively for 4 weeks. Scars were assessed using satisfaction scores, the numeric rating scale (NRS) score for pain, Global Assessment Scale (GAS), and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores. The scars were also assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) skin imaging device to detect color, height, pigmentation, and vascularity. Assessments were performed at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Forty-three patients completed this trial with 21 patients in the treatment group and 22 patients in the control group. The treatment group showed significantly higher patient satisfaction and GAS scores and lower NRS and VSS scores than the control group at 6 months. Improvements in color variation, height, pigmentation, and vascularity at 6 months were greater in the treatment group than in the control group, although the differences were not significant. In conclusion, early application of 830-nm LED-based photobiomodulation treatment significantly prevents hypertrophic scar formation and reduces postoperative pain without noticeable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yul Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeung Kyoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jee Woong Choi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhang L, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhou P. Porcine Fibrin Sealant Promotes Skin Wound Healing in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5063625. [PMID: 35783522 PMCID: PMC9246592 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5063625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Fibrin sealant (FS) is widely used for skin wound healing, but data on porcine FS (PFS), a new type of FS, are limited. This study investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of porcine fibrin sealant (PFS) on skin wound healing in rats. Methods. Traumatic rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, PFS, and medical Vaseline. The wound area and wound index of the rats were measured within 14 days after surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological images and collagen formation on the wounded skin, respectively. To investigate the healing mechanisms, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) expression in the wounded skin. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Meanwhile, TGF-β1 protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the control group, both PFS and medical Vaseline treatment significantly reduced the wounded area and increased the wound closure rate. H&E staining showed that the cells in the PFS group proliferated rapidly, and the epidermis and dermis were thickened to some extent with a clear epidermal cell structure. Moreover, PFS promoted the formation of collagen and significantly increased the levels of CD31 and CD34 and the growth factors in the skin tissues of the traumatic rats. Conclusion PFS effectively promoted skin wound healing, especially in tissue formation, reepithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition, in traumatic rat models. This study provides a new strategy and scientific foundation for PFS application in skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Haohai Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Jundong Zhang
- Shanghai Haohai Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Lee JS, Kim GH, Lee JH, Ryu JY, Oh EJ, Kim HM, Kwak S, Hur K, Chung HY. MicroRNA-365a/b-3p as a Potential Biomarker for Hypertrophic Scars. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116117. [PMID: 35682793 PMCID: PMC9181131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical aspects of hypertrophic scarring vary according to personal constitution and body part. However, the mechanism of hypertrophic scar (HS) formation remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to contribute to HS formation, however, their detailed role remains unknown. In this study, candidate miRNAs were identified and analyzed as biomarkers of hypertrophic scarring for future clinical applications. HSfibroblasts and normal skin fibroblasts from patients were used for profiling and validation of miRNAs. An HS mouse model with xenografted human skin on nude mice was established. The miRNA expression between normal human, normal mouse, and mouse HS skin tissues was compared. Circulating miRNA expression levels in the serum of normal mice and mice with HSs were also analyzed. Ten upregulated and twenty-one downregulated miRNAs were detected. Among these, miR-365a/b-3p and miR-16-5p were identified as candidate miRNAs with statistically significant differences; miR-365a/b-3p was significantly upregulated (p = 0.0244). In mouse studies, miR-365a/b-3p expression levels in skin tissue and serum were higher in mice with HSs than in the control group. These results indicate that miRNAs contribute to hypertrophic scarring and that miR-365a/b-3p may be considered a potential biomarker for HS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Gyeong Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Korea;
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jeong Yeop Ryu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.)
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.)
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Suin Kwak
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Science for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Korea;
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Korea;
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Science for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4821 (K.H.); +82-53-420-5692 (H.Y.C.); Fax: +82-53-422-1466 (K.H.); +82-53-425-3879 (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.S.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.Y.R.); (E.J.O.); (H.M.K.)
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Science for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41199, Korea;
- Kyungpook National University Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4821 (K.H.); +82-53-420-5692 (H.Y.C.); Fax: +82-53-422-1466 (K.H.); +82-53-425-3879 (H.Y.C.)
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22
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Prevention of the foreign body response to implantable medical devices by inflammasome inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115857119. [PMID: 35298334 PMCID: PMC8944905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115857119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceImplantable electronic medical devices (IEMDs) are used for some clinical applications, representing an exciting prospect for the transformative treatment of intractable conditions such Parkinson's disease, deafness, and paralysis. The use of IEMDs is limited at the moment because, over time, a foreign body reaction (FBR) develops at the device-neural interface such that ultimately the IEMD fails and needs to be removed. Here, we show that macrophage nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity drives the FBR in a nerve injury model yet integration of an NLRP3 inhibitor into the device prevents FBR while allowing full healing of damaged neural tissue to occur.
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23
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Lv J, Zhou X, Ye H, Wang X, Tu J. MiR-375 and miR-5691 exert anti-fibroproliferative effects on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by suppressing thrombospondin 1 expression. DERMATOL SIN 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ds.ds_13_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Manuskiatti W, Yan C, Artzi O, Gervasio MKR, Wanitphakdeedecha R. Efficacy and safety of thermomechanical fractional injury-assisted corticosteroid delivery versus intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of hypertrophic scars: A randomized split-scar trial. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:483-489. [PMID: 34913497 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the natural skin barrier in a controlled manner may be used to deliver drugs that enhance scar resolution. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of thermomechanical fractional injury (TMFI)-assisted topical corticosteroid delivery with corticosteroid injection in the treatment of hypertrophic scar (HTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, split-scar, double-blinded study. Twenty-one subjects with HTS on the abdomen received five split-scar treatments of TMFI + Steroid and steroid injection alone. Changes in scar thickness, scar volume, and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) were analyzed. Patient self-assessment, VAS scores, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS Scar thickness, volume, and VSS scores of both segments improved significantly compared to baseline. On every follow-up visit, there were no significant differences in mean scar thickness reduction between the two treatment groups except at the 6-month follow-up where the mean scar thickness reduction of the steroid injection segment was significantly lower than that of the TMFI + Steroid segment (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.35; p = 0.002). Scar volume, VSS scores, and patient self-assessment also showed no significant differences between both segments on all visits. The steroid injection segment was significantly more painful than the TMFI + Steroid segment (95% CI, -2.16 to -1.29; p < 0.001). Adverse effects of skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation were noted in the steroid injection segment, while no adverse effects were observed at the TMFI + Steroid segment. CONCLUSIONS TMFI-assisted topical corticosteroid delivery is an effective treatment for HTS with a lower risk of adverse effects compared with corticosteroid injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woraphong Manuskiatti
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chadakan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ofir Artzi
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mia Katrina R Gervasio
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Wu Q, Chen J, Tan Z, Wang D, Zhou J, Li D, Cen Y. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) by targeting microRNA (miR)-29-3p in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5210-5219. [PMID: 34414852 PMCID: PMC8806793 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1959221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in human diseases. However, the detailed role of lncRNAs in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) is inadequately understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in hypertrophic scarring. Expression of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction; protein expression was evaluated using western blotting. Cellular function was determined using the CCK-8 assay. The interaction between microRNA (miR)-29-3p and NEAT1 or fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) was verified by luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. The results showed that NEAT1 was overexpressed in the hypertrophic dermis and in HSFs. However, knockdown of NEAT1 suppressed the proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of HSFs. Moreover, NEAT1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to upregulate FRS2 by sponging miR-29-3p. Downregulation of miR-29-3p or overexpression of FRS2 antagonized the effects of NEAT1 knockdown and promoted HSF proliferation and ECM release. In conclusion, NEAT1 knockdown protected against hypertrophic scarring by modulating the miR-29-3p/FRS2 axis, which is a viable target in scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- The Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Junjie Chen
- The Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziming Tan
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Dehuai Wang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Jianwen Zhou
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Dan Li
- Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Ying Cen
- The Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Liu B, Lin L, Yu S, Xia R, Zheng L. Long non-coding RNA H19 acts as a microRNA-194 sponge to inhibit the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1288-1297. [PMID: 34310900 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on the proliferation of hypertrophic scars have been described. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in hypertrophic scars. The effects of the lncRNA H19 on the proliferation and apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) were analyzed using 5'-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, and MTT. The results revealed H19 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis in HSF. In addition, the binding associations between H19 and microRNA-194 (miR-194), and miR-194 and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF1R) were identified using bioinformatics screening and verified using dual-luciferase assays. Furthermore, the effects of the IGF1R knockdown on H19-induced HSF phenotypes and regulation over the p38 MAPK pathway were determined. Mechanistically, miR-194 was identified as the downstream effector of the H19-mediated phenotypes of HSFs through its ability to directly target IGF1R, thus modulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings suggested that H19 may inhibit the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of HSFs through the miR-194/IGF1R/p38 MAPK signaling axis, thereby contributing to the progression of hypertrophic scars. These findings may provide novel targets for the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Medical School of Eastern Liaoning University, Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Dandong, China;
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Medical School of Eastern Liaoning University, Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Dandong, China;
| | - Shengjin Yu
- Medical School of Eastern Liaoning University, Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Dandong, China;
| | - Rongjun Xia
- Medical School of Eastern Liaoning University, Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Dandong, China;
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Medical School of Eastern Liaoning University, Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Dandong, China;
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27
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Talley-Bruns RC, Shatkin MS, Dhar Y, Zelicof SB. The Physiological Effects, Including Risks and Potential Benefits, of Cannabis for Patients Undergoing Elective Orthopedic Procedures. Orthopedics 2021; 44:e314-e319. [PMID: 33561869 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20210201-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Given the evolving regulations regarding and availability of cannabis in the United States, physicians should understand the risks and benefits associated with its use. Patients are interested in learning about the use of cannabis for the management of orthopedic pain and any potential risks associated with it when undergoing elective surgery. Edible and topical cannabis products appear to have fewer side effects than inhaled cannabis products. A review of the literature was performed regarding different modes of administration and their related risks and potential benefits specifically regarding perioperative concerns for elective orthopedic procedures. Larger studies are necessary to further determine the efficacy, safety, and side effect profile of cannabis. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(3):e314-e319.].
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28
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Wei J, Wang Z, Zhong C, Ding H, Wang X, Lu S. LncRNA MIR503HG promotes hypertrophic scar progression via miR-143-3p-mediated Smad3 expression. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:792-800. [PMID: 33819360 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HSs) form due to unchecked proliferation of fibrous tissue after an injury to the skin. Recently, lncRNA MIR503HG was shown to be involved in HS. However, the mechanism by which MIR503HG affects the formation and progression of HS still needs further study. qRT-PCR was applied to examine the levels of MIR503HG and miR-143-3p in HS tissues and human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (hHSFs). The relationships of MIR503HG, miR-143-3p and Smad3 were explored with a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were measured by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. The protein level of Smad3 was tested via Western blotting. MIR503HG was upregulated and miR-143-3p was downregulated in HS versus normal skin tissues. The knockdown of MIR503HG and the overexpression of miR-143-3p suppressed the proliferation and invasion of hHSF, and promoted cell apoptosis. MIR503HG bound to miR-143-3p while miR-143-3p directly targeted Smad3 to inhibit its expression. Suppression of miR-143-3p and overexpression of Smad3, respectively, reversed these effects of knockdown of MIR503HG and overexpression of miR-143-3p on hHSFs. Our research supports a model in which the MIR503HG/miR-143-3p/Smad3 axis serves as a critical regulator of HS, highlighting a promising therapeutic option for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Burns, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhong
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huarong Ding
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiqiao Wang
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Zhang Y, Hong WL, Li ZM, Zhang QY, Zeng K. The Mechanism of miR-222 Targets Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in Regulating Fibroblast Proliferation in Hypertrophic Scars. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:749-757. [PMID: 32350561 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the value of miR-222 in hypertrophic scars (HS). Specific mechanisms were used to measure the level of miR-222, while MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to detect the relative proteins after fibroblasts were transfected with the miR-222 mimic/inhibitor. The direct target of miR-222 was determined by Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to detect the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) RNA/protein after fibroblasts were transfected with the miR-222 mimic/inhibitor. These results revealed that miR-222 was significantly upregulated in HS fibroblasts. The overexpression of miR-222 enhanced the HS fibroblast proliferation, increased the cell population in the S phase, inhibited the cell apoptosis, enhanced the expression levels of Col1A1, Col3A1 mRNA/protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and CDK1 and reduced the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/9. However, the miR-222 suppression triggered opposite effects. Furthermore, miR-222 played a regulatory role in HS by negatively regulating its target gene MMP1 by binding with its 3'-untranslated region. The overexpression of MMP1 reduced the expression levels of PCNA and cyclin D1, but enhanced the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3. Therefore, MiR-222 and MMP1 have potential value for HS. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Long Hong
- Department of Surgery Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Zu W, Jiang B, Liu H. Establishment of a long-term hypertrophic scar model by injection of anhydrous alcohol: A rabbit model. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:105-112. [PMID: 33710702 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes of hypertrophic scar formation are extremely complex, and current animal models have limitations in terms of the complete characterization of lesions. An ideal animal model is indispensable for exploring the complex progression of scar formation to elucidate its pathophysiology and to perform therapeutic testing. This study aimed to establish a long-term, consistent and easily testable animal model by injecting anhydrous alcohol into the dorsal trunk dermis of rabbits. The rabbits were injected with different amounts of anhydrous alcohol. Anhydrous alcohol was infiltrated into the subcutaneous and superficial fascia. The optimal amount of anhydrous alcohol was determined by measuring the area and thickness of the scar. The typical model was established by determining the optimum dosage, and then we analysed the histological characteristics and fibrosis-associated protein expression. The dermal scar was generated by treating with 2 ml/kg anhydrous alcohol and displayed histopathologic features that characterize human hypertrophic scarring, including a parallel collagen fibre orientation, dermal and epidermal thickening, broad collagen deposition and the loss of dermal adnexal structures. The expression of fibrotic pan-markers was also enhanced. Moreover, the scar features and duration were compared between the anhydrous alcohol model and the rabbit ear model. Our results show that injecting anhydrous alcohol in the rabbit model thickened the dermal tissue, stimulated dermal fibroproliferation and resulted in hypertrophic scars with protein and histologic features similar to those seen in humans. Taken together, the findings from this study show that our model could be a feasible and useful tool for further research on the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zu
- Department of Anatomy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Banghong Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Wei Y, Wang T, Zhang N, Ma Y, Shi S, Zhang R, Zheng X, Zhao L. LncRNA TRHDE-AS1 inhibit the scar fibroblasts proliferation via miR-181a-5p/PTEN axis. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:419-426. [PMID: 33675502 PMCID: PMC8012339 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS), a fibroproliferative disorder caused by abnormal wound healing after skin injury, which is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and invasive growth of fibroblasts. Recent studies have shown that some non-coding RNA implicated the formation of HS, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 was downregulated in HS tissues and HSFs, and the level of lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 negatively correlated with the level of miR-181a-5p in HS tissue and HSFs. Overexpressed lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 significantly suppressed miR-181a-5p level, while promoted HSFs apoptosis and inhibited HSFs proliferation. Further study shown that PTEN was a direct target of miR-181a-5p, and lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 served as a molecular sponge for miR-181a-5p to regulate the expression of PTEN. Overexpression of PTEN could eliminate lncRNA TRHDE-AS1-mediated proliferation suppression of HSFs. In conclusion, our study suggested that lncRNA TRHDE-AS1/miR-181a-5p/PTEN axis plays an important role in promoting hypertrophic scar formation, which may be effectively used as a therapeutic target for hypertrophic scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wei
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | | | - Yunyun Ma
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Siji Shi
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China
| | - Ruxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xianzhao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China
| | - Lindong Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China
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32
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Zhou Y, Hua T, Weng X, Ma D, Li X. Calcitonin gene-related peptide alleviates hypertrophic scar formation by inhibiting the inflammation. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:53-60. [PMID: 33649909 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the hypertrophic scar and its underlying mechanism. The levels of CGRP were determined in human hypertrophic scar and mouse cutaneous scar using ELISA and Western blot. In in vivo studies, A cutaneous excision mouse model was established and treated with exogenous CGRP or CGRP antagonist. In in vitro studies, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and treated with exogenous CGRP in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to determine the mRNA and protein levels of scar formation and inflammation-related genes, respectively. Flow cytometry was operated to determine the populations of macrophages in the scar. Elevated levels of CGRP were observed in the hypertrophic scar. In the cutaneous excision mouse model, treatment of exogenous CGRP or CGRP antagonist-affected scar formation-related genes including Col1, Tgfb1, and α-SMA, inflammation-related genes including Il1b, Il6, Tnfa, and Ccl2, and CD45+F4/80+ macrophage. In LPS-induced BMDMs, treatment of exogenous CGRP also altered inflammation-related genes by regulating NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. The ameliorated effects of CGRP on inflammation in hypertrophic scar formation are associated with its regulative effects on NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China
| | - Tianfeng Hua
- The Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China.,Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojuan Weng
- Department of Cosmetic Surgery, Yuyan Medical Cosmetology Clinic of Hefei, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China
| | - Dameng Ma
- Department of Cosmetic Surgery, Yuyan Medical Cosmetology Clinic of Hefei, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230002, Anhui, China.
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Chai CY, Tai IC, Zhou R, Song J, Zhang C, Sun S. MicroRNA-9-5p inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts through targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio.051904. [PMID: 33355167 PMCID: PMC7774882 DOI: 10.1242/bio.051904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a dermal fibro-proliferative disorder result from abnormal wound healing after skin injury. MicroRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) has been reported to be upregulated and closely related to collagen proteins in human dermal fibroblasts. However, the correlation and possible mechanism between miR-9-5p and HS require further investigation. The expressions of miR-9-5p in HS tissues and HS fibroblasts were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ) was measured by RT-qPCR assay. The protein levels of PPARβ, α-SMA, Vimentin, COL1A, cyclin D1, bcl-2, and bax were detected by western blot assay. The effect of miR-9-5p and PPARβ on HS fibroblasts proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays. The interaction between miR-9-5p and PPARβ was predicted by TargetScan, and then confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiR-9-5p expression was downregulated in HS tissues and HS fibroblasts. MiR-9-5p inhibited the levels of extracellular matrix-associated genes (α-SMA, Vimentin, COL1A) in HS fibroblasts. MiR-9-5p repressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of HS fibroblasts. PPARβ is a target gene of miR-9-5p. The silencing of PPARβ expression hindered proliferation and expedited apoptosis of HS fibroblasts. MiR-9-5p suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HS fibroblasts by targeting PPARβ. In this paper, we firstly disclosed that miR-9-5p hampered extracellular matrix deposition and proliferation, and induced apoptosis by targeting PPARβ in HS fibroblasts. Our findings provided a new role of miR-9-5p/PPARβ in the occurrence and development of HS fibroblasts, promising a new target for HS. Summary: Our findings provided a new role of miR-9-5p/PPAR in the occurrence and development of HS fibroblasts, promising a new target for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yung Chai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - I-Chun Tai
- Reichen Biomedical Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan 81155, ROC
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233003, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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34
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Jun-Zeng, Huang TY, Wang ZZ, Gong YF, Liu XC, Zhang XM, Huang XY. Scar-reducing effects of gambogenic acid on skin wounds in rabbit ears. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107200. [PMID: 33246825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a dermal fibroproliferative disease that often occurs following abnormal wound healing. To date, there is no satisfied treatment strategies for improvement of scar formation with few side effects. The effects of gambogenic acid (GNA) on scar hypertrophy has not been studied previously. The present study was undertaken to find out the scar-reducing effects of GNA (0.48, 0.96 or 1.92 mg/ml) on skin wounds in rabbit ears. Scar evaluation index (SEI), collagen I (Col1) and collagen III (Col3), microvascular density (MVD), CD4+T cells and macrophages, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), phospho-VEGFR 2 (p-VEGFR2) and p-FGFR1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in scar tissue were detected using various methods, respectively. Our data showed that GNA significantly reduced SEI, and the expression of Col1 and Col3 in scar tissue in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, it decreased MVD, the infiltration of CD4+T cells and macrophages, and the levels of VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, FGFR1, p-FGFR1, TGF-β1, CTGF, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, in addition to upregulated IL-10 in scar tissue. As a result, this study revealed that GNA reduced HS formation, which was associated with the inhibition of neoangiogenesis, local inflammatory response and growth factor expression in scar tissue during wound healing. These findings suggested that GNA may be considered as a preventive and therapeutic candidate for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zeng
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian-Yu Huang
- Grade 2016, The First Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-Fang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing-Cun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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Abstract
Hydrogels, swellable hydrophilic polymer networks fabricated through chemical cross-linking or physical entanglement are increasingly utilized in various biomedical applications over the past few decades. Hydrogel-based microparticles, dressings and microneedle patches have been explored to achieve safe, sustained and on-demand therapeutic purposes toward numerous skin pathologies, through incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties and therapeutic agents. More recently, these platforms are expanded to fulfill the diagnostic and monitoring role. Herein, the development of hydrogel technology to achieve diagnosis and monitoring of pathological skin conditions are highlighted, with proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and reactive species employed as target biomarkers, among others. The scope of this review includes the characteristics of hydrogel materials, its fabrication procedures, examples of diagnostic studies, as well as discussion pertaining clinical translation of hydrogel systems.
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Makuszewska M, Bonda T, Cieślińska M, Bialuk I, Winnicka MM, Niemczyk K. Expression of collagen type III in healing tympanic membrane. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 136:110196. [PMID: 32622252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type III collagen plays significant role in skin wound healing, forming provisional matrix guiding the inflammatory cells and fibroblasts into the wound site. Our preliminary study performed on rat's tympanic membrane (TM) using Rat Wound Healing RT2 Profiler PCR Array revealed up-regulated expression of collagen type III α1 chain mRNA also during healing of TM. This study was undertaken to confirm and evaluate collagen type III protein expression and distribution during TM healing process. METHODS Sixty rats were used, of which 10 served as controls and the others had their TM perforated. The experimental animals were divided into five subgroups on the basis of time points (03, 06, 09, 14, 20 day after injury). Videootoscopy and histology were employed to assess morphology of the healing process. The expression of collagen type III was evaluated using Western blot analysis and its tissue localization was determined by the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The expression of collagen type III remained on the same level as in control TM up to day 06. On day 09 abrupt (p = 0.01) increase of the collagen type III expression was observed and it maintained on the same level to the end of observation period. In perforated TM collagen type III was detected in the healing area along the perforation border and around dilated blood vessels. On day 14 and 20 collagen type III was found in the connective tissue filling up the TM previous defect. CONCLUSIONS Taking into consideration our recent and previous data, as well as results obtained by other authors, is seems possible that the increase of collagen type III expression in the late stage of TM healing contributes to proper scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makuszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banach 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - T Bonda
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - M Cieślińska
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - I Bialuk
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - M M Winnicka
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - K Niemczyk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banach 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Liu Y, Fan Y, Tang H, Li C. Therapeutic Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Expression of Notch1, C-Fos and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 in Vulvar Skin of SD Rats with Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2311-2321. [PMID: 32522460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of focused ultrasound on the expression of notch1, c-fos and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) in genital skin of SD rats with vulvar lichen simplex chronicus (LSC). Fifty-six female SD rats with LSC were randomly divided into therapy and sham groups. The therapy group was exposed to focused ultrasound. The sham group received the same therapy with an instrument that had no power output. Four wk after a singly focused ultrasound therapy, histologic analyses revealed that recovered SD rats accounted for 75% of SD rats in the therapy group and 10.7% in the sham group. Total collagen fiber density in the superficial layer of dermis in the therapy group was significantly lower than that in the sham group. Notch1 and c-fos protein expression in the therapy group was significantly lower than that in the sham group, with the opposite effect present for TGF-β3. Focused ultrasound therapy may inhibit superficial collagen fibrosis in the dermis by affecting expression of notch1, c-fos and TGF-β3 in vulvar skin tissue and consequently reduce the recurrence rate of LSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huajun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Xiao M, Zou X, Li B, Zhang B. Long non-coding RNA H19 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion while inhibits apoptosis of hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts by targeting miR-3187-3p/GAB1 axis. Burns 2020; 47:654-664. [PMID: 32888745 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It had been reported that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 was associated with the proliferation of fibroblasts. However, the regulatory mechanism of H19 remains unclear. Thus, the study was designed to explore the underlying mechanism of H19 in the process of Hypertrophic scarring (HS). METHODS The expression levels of H19, miR-3187-3p, and growth factor receptor binding 2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in HS tissues and HS fibroblasts were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The biological behaviors of HS fibroblasts, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. The protein expression level was quantified by western blot assay. The interaction association between miR-3187-3p and H19 or GAB1 was predicted by Starbase database analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, respectively. RESULTS H19 was significantly increased in HS tissues and HS fibroblasts. Loss-of-functional experiments revealed that knockdown of H19 inhibited the development of HS. Moreover, silencing of H19 impeded the proliferation, migration, and invasion, while enhanced apoptosis of HS fibroblasts by increasing miR-3187-3p expression. In addition, overexpression of GAB1 could abolish miR-3187-3p overexpression-induced effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of HS fibroblasts. Mechanistically, H19 could act as a sponge of miR-3187-3p to upregulate the expression of GAB1 in HS fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results revealed that H19 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion, while impeded apoptosis of HS fibroblasts by targeting miR-3187-3p/GAB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaofang Zou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China.
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Pang K, Li B, Tang Z, Yang W, Hao L, Shi Z, Zhang J, Cai L, Li R, Liu Y, Lv Q, Ding J, Han C. Resveratrol inhibits hypertrophic scars formation by activating autophagy via the miR-4654/Rheb axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3440-3452. [PMID: 32945452 PMCID: PMC7453609 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HSs) are a type of pathological scar which are induced by surgery, burn injuries or trauma during the healing process. Due to the high recurrence rates and strong invasive properties, HSs have become a major clinical issue. Resveratrol has been identified as a potential agent to suppress scar formation; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on HS-derived fibroblasts (HSFBs) in vitro. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability following the resveratrol treatment. Western blot and RT-qPCR analysis was used to identify the expression levels and the relationship among autophagic markers, miR-4654 and resveratrol treatment. Finally, GFP-LC3 stable HSFBs cells were generated to further assess the effect of resveratrol. The results revealed that resveratrol significantly induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner and induced autophagy by downregulating the expression levels of Rheb in HSFBs. Notably, microRNA-4654 (miR-4654) was significantly decreased in the HSFBs and re-upregulated by resveratrol treatment dose-dependently. Through the bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay, miR-4654 was identified to directly target Rheb. Transfection studies showed that miR-4654 negative correlated with Rheb expression, suggesting that the autophagic process may be altered by the miR-4654/Rheb axis under the control of resveratrol. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that resveratrol may promote autophagy by upregulating miR-4654, which in turn may suppress Rheb expression via directly binding to the 3′-untranslated region of Rheb. These findings provided a novel insight into the development of potential therapeutic targets for HSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Bibo Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Renal Disease, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Zhenduo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Longjun Cai
- Department of Urology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Jicun Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical College Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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Zhu J, Sun M, Wang Y, Bi H, Xue C. Gene expression profile analysis on different stages of hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1505-1513. [PMID: 32742383 PMCID: PMC7388309 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HS) is one of the most common skin disorders. The study aimed to investigate the gene expression profile at day 10 (Stage 1), 21 (Stage 2), and day 40 (Stage 3) post-wounding of HS using RNA-sequencing of a scar model from rabbit ears. A total of 17,386 unigenes were annotated using the eggNOG Functional Category database. The study identified significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 261, 141, and 247 upregulated ones as well as 253, 272, and 58 downregulated ones in three stages respectively. The DEGs varies among each stage measured by Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. DEGs were enriched in 'immune system process' and 'proteinaceous extracellular matrix' in Stage 1, 'anatomical structure development', 'cell differentiation', 'cell adhesion'and some other terms in Stage 2, 'cancers', 'proteinaceous extracellular matrix' and 'signal transduction' in Stage 3. Furthermore, the Wnt signaling pathway was found to play a pivotal role in regression of HS. In conclusion, we revealed comprehensively the gene expression profiles during HS formation providing probable targets in HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Mengyan Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hongda Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Xie P, Dolivo DM, Jia S, Cheng X, Salcido J, Galiano RD, Hong SJ, Mustoe TA. Liposome-encapsulated statins reduce hypertrophic scarring through topical application. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:460-469. [PMID: 32428986 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is an important clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Aside from their roles as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, statins have also been demonstrated to decrease scarring by reducing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression. However, poor penetrative ability limits their utility as topical treatments for hypertrophic scar. Here, we aim to develop novel statin formulations using liposomes to enhance dermal penetrative ability and to evaluate their efficacy against formation of hypertrophic scar utilizing our validated rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model. Liposomal simvastatin or pravastatin were compounded using a novel, flexible liposomal formulation and applied topically to rabbit ear hypertrophic scars daily from postoperation day (POD) 14 until POD 25. Scar color, including erythema and melanin, was measured using reflectance spectrophotometry on POD 28, and scar tissue was harvested for evaluation of scar elevation index as well as gene and protein expression. Human foreskin fibroblasts were also treated with statin formulations and CCN2 expression was determined by quantitative PCR. Both simvastatin and pravastatin were efficiently encapsulated in liposomes, forming nanometer-scale particles possessing highly negative charges. Topical treatment with liposomal simvastatin and pravastatin at 6.5% concentration significantly reduced scar elevation index and decreased type I/III collagen content and myofibroblast persistence in the wound. The erythema/vascularity of scars was reduced by liposomal statin treatment, with concomitant decrease of CD31 expression as measured histologically. Expression levels of transcripts encoding CTGF, collagen I, and collagen III collagen in scar tissue were also decreased by liposomal pravastatin treatment, as were myofibroblast persistence and the type I/III collagen ratio as assessed by immunofluorescence and picrosirus red staining, respectively. Treatment of human foreskin fibroblasts with simvastatin or with liposome-encapsulated pravastatin resulted in decreased expression of transcript encoding CTGF. Overall, our novel statin formulations encapsulated in liposomes were successfully delivered through topical application, significantly reducing hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David M Dolivo
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shengxian Jia
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - XingGuo Cheng
- Dynamic Entropy Technology LLC, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - John Salcido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nguyen JK, Austin E, Huang A, Mamalis A, Jagdeo J. The IL-4/IL-13 axis in skin fibrosis and scarring: mechanistic concepts and therapeutic targets. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:81-92. [PMID: 31493000 PMCID: PMC7008089 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis, characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis, is the histopathologic hallmark of dermatologic diseases such as systemic sclerosis, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Effective anti-scarring therapeutics remain an unmet need, underscoring the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms of skin fibrosis. The Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 have been implicated as key mediators in the pathogenesis of fibroproliferative disorders. The goal of this article is to summarize the current understanding of the role of the IL-4/IL-13 axis in wound healing and skin fibrosis. We conducted a literature search to identify research studies investigating the roles of IL-4 and IL-13 in fibrotic skin diseases. While transforming growth factor-beta has long been regarded as the main driver of fibrotic processes, research into the cellular and molecular biology of wound healing has revealed other pathways that promote scar tissue formation. IL-4 and IL-13 are important mediators of skin fibrosis, supported by evidence from in vitro data, animal models of fibrosis, and clinical studies. Overactive signaling of the IL-4/IL-13 axis contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of fibrotic skin diseases. Further insights into the IL-4/IL-13 axis may reveal potential targets for the development of novel therapies that prevent or treat fibrotic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Alisen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Andrew Mamalis
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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刘 瑶, 范 艺, 李 成. [Focused ultrasound therapy for reducing recurrence of vulvar lichen simplex chronicus in rats: efficacy and mechanism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1487-1493. [PMID: 31907152 PMCID: PMC6942988 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.12.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of collagen fibrosis in the vulva skin of SD rats with lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) after focused ultrasound therapy and explore the mechanism by which focused ultrasound reduces the recurrence of vulvar LSC. METHODS Fifty female SD rat models of vulvar LSC were established and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group (n=25) for treatment with focused ultrasound and sham treatment, respectively. Before and after the treatment, vulvar skin tissues were sampled to observe the pathological changes with HE staining and assess the density of collagen fibers using Masson staining. The ultrastructure of the collagen fibers in the superficial dermis was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of notch1 and c-fos in the vulvar tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS After 4 weeks of focused ultrasound therapy, 16% (4/25) of the rats in the treatment group showed lesion progression to LSIL, 4% (1/25) still had LSC, and 80% (20/25) showed normal vulvar skin. In the control group, progression to LSIL occurred in 19 (76%) rats, 3 (12%) rats still showed LSC, and only 3 (12%) had normal vulvar skin. The difference in the cure rate differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). The density of collagen fibers in the superficial dermis and the expressions of notch1 and c-fos in the vulvar skin were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Focused ultrasound therapy can inhibit superficial collagen fibrosis of the dermis by lowering the expressions of notch1 and c-fos in the vulvar skin to reduce the recurrence of vulvar LSC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 瑶 刘
- 超声医学工程国家重点实验室,重庆医科大学生物医学工程学院,重庆 400016State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 艺巾 范
- 超声医学工程国家重点实验室,重庆医科大学生物医学工程学院,重庆 400016State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 成志 李
- 超声医学工程国家重点实验室,重庆医科大学生物医学工程学院,重庆 400016State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- 重庆市生物医学工程学重点实验室,重庆 400016Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing 400016, China
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Song J, Li X, Li J. Emerging evidence for the roles of peptide in hypertrophic scar. Life Sci 2019; 241:117174. [PMID: 31843531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is a dermal fibroproliferative disorder characterized by excess collagen deposition. There are many existing treatment modalities, but none works perfectly in all individuals. Recently, evidence is increasing that peptides can play crucial roles in the prevention or treatment of hypertrophic scar. The peptides may be derived from growth factors, hormones, and intracellular products of proteolysis. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that a number of peptides, usually topically applied, have beneficial effects on fibroblasts in rat, mouse, hamster, pig and rabbit scar models. The length of such peptides typically ranges between 10 and 15 amino acids (aa). Peptides may reduce scar progenitors, prevent excessive scarring, decrease scar growth, speed re-epithelialization and promote scar maturation through multiple mechanisms. They may target TGF-β signaling, fibroblast function or collagen modulation, inflammation, renin angiotensin system, gap junction and other pathways. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding specific binding sites for these peptides in scar models. Here, we review current research progress on the roles of peptides and underlying mechanisms in hypertrophic scar. We also discuss the clinical potential of peptides as therapeutic agents in scarring. Finally, the functions of several peptide-related compounds in hypertrophic scar are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Dermatology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Dermatology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Jingyun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China.
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Sun GF, Li HC, Zhan YP, Zhang XF, Pan LY, Chen YF, Xu K, Feng DX. SnoN residue (1-366) attenuates hypertrophic scars through resistance to transforming growth factor-β1-induced degradation. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1861-1873. [PMID: 31409891 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HSs) are characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive matrix deposition. During wound healing, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling acts as a key regulator. As a transcriptional corepressor of TGF-β1/Smads, SnoN is expressed at low levels in many fibrotic diseases due to TGF-β1/Smad-induced degradation. SnoN residue (1-366; SR) is resistant to TGF-β1-induced degradation. However, the expression and role of SR in HSs are unknown. Here, we inhibited TGF-β1/Smad signaling via overexpression of SR to block fibroblast transdifferentiation, proliferation, and collagen deposition during HS formation. Our results showed that SnoN was downregulated in HS fibroblasts (HSFs) owing to TGF-β1/Smad-induced degradation. Overexpression of SR in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and HSFs successfully blocked phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, thereby inhibiting NHDF transdifferentiation and HSF proliferation and reducing type I collagen (ColI) and type III collagen (ColIII) production and secretion. In addition, we applied overexpressed full-length SnoN (SF) and SR to wound granulation tissue in a rabbit model of HSs. SR reduced wound scarring, improved collagen deposition and arrangement of scar tissue, and decreased mRNA and protein expression of ColI, ColIII, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) more effectively than SF in vivo. These results suggest that SR could be a promising therapy for the prevention of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hong-Chang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yue-Ping Zhan
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Li-Yun Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ya-Feng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Dian-Xu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Potential Contributes to Hypertrophic Scar Formation. J Surg Res 2019; 244:312-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Zhang Y, Deng Q, Tu L, Lv D, Liu D. tRNA‑derived small RNAs: A novel class of small RNAs in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:115-130. [PMID: 31939611 PMCID: PMC6889923 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have been shown to play regulatory roles in many physiological and pathological processes. However, their roles in hypertrophic scars remain unclear. The present study investigated differentially expressed tsRNAs in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and normal skin fibroblasts via high-throughput sequencing. Several dysregulated tsRNAs were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, target prediction, coexpression networks and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were evaluated to discover the principal functions of significantly differentially expressed tsRNAs. In total, 67 differentially expressed tsRNAs were detected, of which 27 were upregulated and 40 downregulated in hyper-trophic scar fibroblasts. The GO analysis indicated that the dysregulated tsRNAs are associated with numerous biological functions, including 'nervous system development', 'cell adhesion', 'focal adhesion', 'protein binding', 'angiogenesis' and 'actin binding'. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the most altered pathways include 'Ras signaling pathway', 'Rap1 signaling pathway' and 'cGMP-PKG signaling pathway'. The target genes of the differentially expressed tsRNAs participate in several signaling pathways important for scar formation. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with those of sequencing. MicroRNA (miR)-29b-1-5p was identified as a target of tsRNA-23678 and was downregulated in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, constituting a negative regulatory factor for scar formation. Furthermore, tsRNA-23761 acted as a ceRNA and bound to miR-3135b to regulate the expression of miR-3135b targets, including angiotensin-converting enzyme. Collectively, these findings reveal that tsRNAs are differentially expressed in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, and may contribute to the molecular mechanism and treatment of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qin Deng
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Longxiang Tu
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lv
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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48
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Tang L, Liang Y, Xie H, Yang X, Zheng G. Long non-coding RNAs in cutaneous biology and proliferative skin diseases: Advances and perspectives. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12698. [PMID: 31588640 PMCID: PMC6985680 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in transcriptome sequencing have revealed that the genome fraction largely encodes for thousands of non‐coding RNAs. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are a class of non–protein‐coding RNAs longer than approximately 200 nucleotides in length, are emerging as key epigenetic regulators of gene expression recently. Intensive studies have characterized their crucial roles in cutaneous biology and diseases. In this review, we address the promotive or suppressive effects of lncRNAs on cutaneous physiological processes. Then, we focus on the pathogenic role of dysfunctional lncRNAs in a variety of proliferative skin diseases. These evidences suggest that lncRNAs have indispensable roles in the processes of skin biology. Additionally, lncRNAs might be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Liang
- School of Bioscience and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hesong Xie
- School of Bioscience and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Abi A, Farahani N, Molavi G, Gheibi Hayat SM. Circular RNAs: epigenetic regulators in cancerous and noncancerous skin diseases. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:280-293. [PMID: 31477805 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent kind of malignancy in the universe is skin cancer, which has been categorized into non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. There are no complete information of the skin carcinogenesis process. A variety of external and internal agents contribute to the non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer pathogenesis. These factors are epigenetic changes, X-rays, genetic, arsenic compounds, UV rays, and additional chemical products. It was found that there could be a relationship between the appearing novel and more suitable therapies for participants in this class of diseases and detection of basic molecular paths. A covalently closed loop structure bond connecting the 5' and 3' ends characterizes a new group of extensively expressed endogenous regulatory RNAs, which are called circular RNAs (circRNAs). Mammals commonly express circRNAs. They are of high importance in tumorigenesis. Multiple lines evidence indicated that a variety of circular RNAs are associated with initiation and development of skin-related diseases such as skin cancers. Given that different circular RNAs (hsa_circ_0025039, hsa_circRNA006612, circRNA005537, and circANRIL) via targeting various cellular and molecular targets (e.g., CDK4, DAB2IP, ZEB1, miR-889, and let-7c-3p) exert their effects on skin cancers progression. Herein, for first time, we summarized different circular RNAs in skin cancers and noncancerous diseases. Moreover, we highlighted crosstalk between circular RNAs and ceRNAs in cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghader Molavi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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50
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Ji X, Tang Z, Shuai W, Zhang Z, Li J, Chen L, Cao J, Yin W. Endogenous peptide LYENRL prevents the activation of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Life Sci 2019; 231:116674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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