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Lio D, Di Lorenzo G, Brusca I, Scola L, Bellia C, La Piana S, Barrale M, Bova M, Vaccarino L, Forte GI, Pilato G. A Heuristic Approach to Analysis of the Genetic Susceptibility Profile in Patients Affected by Airway Allergies. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1105. [PMID: 39202464 PMCID: PMC11353610 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma might be considered multifactorial diseases, having a complex pathogenesis that involves environmental factors and the activation of a large set of immune response pathways and mechanisms. In addition, variations in genetic background seem to play a central role. The method developed for the analysis of the complexities, as association rule mining, nowadays may be applied to different research areas including genetic and biological complexities such as atopic airway diseases to identify complex genetic or biological markers and enlighten new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. A total of 308 allergic patients and 205 controls were typed for 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine and receptors genes involved in type 1 and type 2 inflammatory response (IL-4 rs2243250 C/T, IL-4R rs1801275A/G, IL-6 rs1800795 G/C, IL-10 rs1800872 A/C and rs1800896 A/G, IL-10RB rs2834167A/G, IL-13 rs1800925 C/T, IL-18 rs187238G/C, IFNγ rs 24030561A/T and IFNγR2 rs2834213G/A), the rs2228137C/T of CD23 receptor gene and rs577912C/T and rs564481C/T of Klotho genes, using KASPar SNP genotyping method. Clinical and laboratory data of patients were analyzed by formal statistic tools and by a data-mining technique-market basket analysis-selecting a minimum threshold of 90% of rule confidence. Formal statistical analyses show that IL-6 rs1800795GG, IL-10RB rs2834167G positive genotypes, IL-13 rs1800925CC, CD23 rs2228137TT Klotho rs564481TT, might be risk factors for allergy. Applying the association rule methodology, we identify 10 genotype combination patterns associated with susceptibility to allergies. Together these data necessitate being confirmed in further studies, indicating that the heuristic approach might be a straightforward and useful tool to find predictive and diagnostic molecular patterns that might be also considered potential therapeutic targets in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lio
- University Research Center “Migrate”, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Lorenzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.L.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Ignazio Brusca
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Letizia Scola
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.B.); (L.V.)
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Chiara Bellia
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona La Piana
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.L.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Maria Barrale
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Manuela Bova
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Loredana Vaccarino
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Cefalù Secondary Site, C/da Pietrapollastra-Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pilato
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
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Al-Ahmad M, Ali A, Maher A, Haider MZ. Association between interleukin-6-174G/C gene polymorphism and asthma severity: exploring the role of total serum IgE, blood eosinophils, and FeNO as markers of type 2 inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:15. [PMID: 38388670 PMCID: PMC10885618 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a connection has been established between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and the IL-6 gene (- 174G/C) polymorphism in allergic diseases such as asthma, its specific association with severe asthma remains unexplored. This study examined the relationship between the IL-6 (- 174G/C) gene polymorphism and mild and severe asthma, focusing on its influence on type 2 inflammation. METHODS Our study comprised 98 patients with mild asthma and 116 with severe asthma. Additionally, we recruited 121 healthy participants to serve as controls for comparative analyses. The IL-6 gene (- 174G/C) polymorphism was assessed utilizing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS In our study, the risk of mild asthma exhibited a significant fourfold increase in individuals with the GG genotype pattern compared to healthy controls, yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 4.4 (p < 0.001). Conversely, we found no significant correlation between the IL-6 - 174G/C gene polymorphism and severe asthma when compared to the healthy control group. However, a noteworthy pattern emerged when we compared subgroups of mild and severe asthma. The risk of severe asthma increased fivefold in individuals with the GC polymorphism pattern, with an OR of 4.99 (p < 0.001), while the likelihood of mild asthma showed a similar fourfold increase with the GG polymorphism pattern, OR = 4.4 (p < 0.001). Consequently, we observed a significantly higher frequency of the C allele in patients with severe asthma, whereas the G allele was more prevalent in individuals with mild asthma (p = 0.05). Additionally, the correlation between markers of type 2 inflammation and the dominant model of the IL-6 gene -174G/C polymorphism (CC + CG vs GG) revealed a significant increase in total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), Blood Eosinophil Counts (BEC), and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) levels in asthmatic patients with the CC + CG gene pattern compared to those with GG, with p-values of 0.04, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively. Furthermore, after adjusting for other risk factors, the likelihood of developing severe asthma increased from fourfold to eightfold, with an OR of 8.12 (p = 0.01) with (CC + CG) gene pattern. Other predictors for severe asthma included older age and childhood-onset disease (OR = 1.13 and 19.19, p < 0.001). Allergic rhinitis (AR) and nasal polyps (NP) also demonstrated a substantial association with an increased risk of severe asthma, with odds ratios of 5 and 32.29 (p = 0.01 and < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), BEC, and FeNO were linked to severe asthma, with ORs of 1.11, 1.00, and 1.04, respectively (p = 0.04, 0.05, and 0.001). CONCLUSION This study illuminated the intricate relationship between the IL-6 gene polymorphism, type 2 inflammation markers, and diverse risk factors in shaping asthma severity. As a significant association between the GG polymorphism of the IL-6 gene (- 174G/C) and mild asthma was found, while possessing at least one C allele, whether in a homozygous (CC) or heterozygous (CG) combination, independently predicts the likelihood of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Al-Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, P.O. Box 24923, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- Department of Allergy, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Asmaa Ali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Allergy, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Abbassia Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Maher
- Department of Allergy, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Z Haider
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Yang Y, Xiao J, Tang L, Wang B, Sun X, Xu Z, Liu L, Shi S. Effects of IL-6 Polymorphisms on Individual Susceptibility to Allergic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:822091. [PMID: 35368692 PMCID: PMC8966614 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.822091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies have assessed the potential link between interleukin-6 polymorphisms and susceptibility to allergic diseases. However, the results are still conflicting. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis can not only resolve differences but also provide clues for future projects.Methods: A systematic electronic search was conducted on the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library to retrieve all published studies. Revman and Stata software were used for statistical analysis.Results: This meta-analysis included 11 studies. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant association between IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism and the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the general population. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that rs1800795 affected allergic diseases risk in different populations.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that IL-6 rs1800795 was associated with allergic diseases susceptibility among Asians and Caucasians in opposite trends, and it might influence the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. None of the IL-6 polymorphisms were shared risk variants of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxin Xiao
- Taizhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongchi Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Suofang Shi, ; Li Liu,
| | - Suofang Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Suofang Shi, ; Li Liu,
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Dukhinova M, Kokinos E, Kuchur P, Komissarov A, Shtro A. Macrophage-derived cytokines in pneumonia: Linking cellular immunology and genetics. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:46-61. [PMID: 33342718 PMCID: PMC8035975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages represent the first line of anti-pathogen defense - they encounter invading pathogens to perform the phagocytic activity, to deliver the plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and to shape the tissue microenvironment. Throughout pneumonia course, alveolar macrophages and infiltrated blood monocytes produce increasing cytokine amounts, which activates the antiviral/antibacterial immunity but can also provoke the risk of the so-called cytokine "storm" and normal tissue damage. Subsequently, the question of how the cytokine spectrum is shaped and balanced in the pneumonia context remains a hot topic in medical immunology, particularly in the COVID19 pandemic era. The diversity in cytokine profiles, involved in pneumonia pathogenesis, is determined by the variations in cytokine-receptor interactions, which may lead to severe cytokine storm and functional decline of particular tissues and organs, for example, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Cytokines and their receptors form unique profiles in individual patients, depending on the (a) microenvironmental context (comorbidities and associated treatment), (b) lung monocyte heterogeneity, and (c) genetic variations. These multidisciplinary strategies can be proactively considered beforehand and during the pneumonia course and potentially allow the new age of personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dukhinova
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena Kokinos
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Kuchur
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Komissarov
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Shtro
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Chemotherapy, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Jannat A, Khan M, Shabbir M, Badshah Y. Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and interleukin-6 (-174-G/C) polymorphism in atopic conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219084. [PMID: 31251775 PMCID: PMC6599118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity of the immune system is caused by elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in the serum, in response to a discrete allergen leading to allergic reactions. IgE-mediated inflammation is regulated by the cascade of defense related signaling molecules including interleukin-6 (IL-6) that plays pivotal role in the survival and maturation of mast cells during an allergic reaction. IL-6 mediated defense responses are tightly regulated by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3), an inhibitory molecules of Janus Kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling, in a negative feedback mechanism. The given study focuses on the assessment of crosstalk between SOCS3 and IL-6 to unravel the molecular significance of SOCS3 and IL-6 in the diagnosis and prognosis of allergy. The expression study of SOCS3 through real-time PCR analysis revealed, a 5.9 mean fold increase in SOCS3 expression in atopic cases in comparison to control cases. Moreover, IL-6 has, also, been found significantly enhanced in the serum level of atopic cases (26.4 pg/ml) as compared to control cases (3.686 pg/ml). Female population was found to be at a higher risk to develop atopic condition than male population as females exhibited higher expression of both SOCS3 and IL-6 than males. Furthermore, the polymorphic study of IL-6 promoter region (IL-6 174-G/C) in atopic population has reasserted the importance of SOCS3 and IL-6 in the diagnosis and prognosis of allergy. Expression of SOCS3 and IL-6 serum levels were found to be highly correlated. Therefore establishing the role of IL-6 (-174-G/C) polymorphism on the expression of SOCS3 and IL-6 in atopic cases. Notably, the study established SOCS3 and IL-6 as potential targets for the diagnosis/prognosis of allergy and for the development of reliable therapeutic strategies to control atopic conditions in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooma Jannat
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Badshah
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Lajunen TK, Jaakkola JJK, Jaakkola MS. IL6 polymorphisms modify the effects of smoking on the risk of adult asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:799-802.e9. [PMID: 28987812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taina K Lajunen
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Maritta S Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Association of Gene Polymorphisms in Interleukin 6 in Infantile Bronchial Asthma. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 53:381-386. [PMID: 28185773 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetic background of bronchial asthma is complex, and it is likely that multiple genes contribute to its development both directly and through gene-gene interactions. Cytokines contribute to different aspects of asthma, as they determine the type, severity and outcomes of asthma pathogenesis. Allergic asthmatics undergoing an asthmatic attack exhibit significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins and chemokines. In recent years, cytokines and their receptors have been shown to be highly polymorphic, and this prompted us to investigate interleukin 6 promoter polymorphisms at position -174G/C (rs1800795) and at -572G/C (rs1800796) in relation to asthma in children. METHODS Interleukin 6 promoter polymorphisms were analyzed in bronchial asthma patients and healthy children using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS We observed a significant association between polymorphism at -174G/C and bronchial asthma (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 2.045-5.638, P<.001). Higher associations between polymorphism at IL-6 -174G/C and bronchial asthma were observed in atopic patients (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 2.308-7.280, P<8.10-7). CONCLUSIONS Interleukin 6 polymorphism is associated with bronchial asthma, particularly its atopic phenotype. Expression and secretion of interleukins in asthmatic patients may be affected by genetic polymorphisms, and could have a disease-modifying effect in the asthmatic airway and modify the therapeutic response.
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Lajunen TK, Jaakkola JJK, Jaakkola MS. Interleukin 6 SNP rs1800797 associates with the risk of adult-onset asthma. Genes Immun 2016; 17:193-8. [PMID: 26938664 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL6) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been suggested to have an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. IL6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with levels of IL6, and with childhood and prevalent adult asthma. A recent study also suggested that IL6 SNPs associate especially with atopic asthma. However, association of IL6 SNPs with adult-onset asthma has not been studied. In a population-based study of 467 incident adult-onset asthma cases and 613 disease-free controls from South Finland, we analyzed association of 6 tagging SNPs of the IL6 locus with the risk of adult-onset asthma and with atopy. Asthma was clinically diagnosed, and atopy was defined based on Phadiatop test. IL6 SNP rs1800797 associated with the risk of adult-onset asthma in a log additive model, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.57), and especially with the risk of atopic adult-onset asthma when compared with non-atopic controls, aOR 1.46 (95% CI 1.12-1.90). This is the first study to show an association of IL6 with adult-onset asthma, and especially with atopic adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Lajunen
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland
| | - J J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland
| | - M S Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland
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Shaaban HH, Mohy AM, Abdel-Razek ARA, Wahab AA. Interleukin-18 -607C/A gene polymorphism in Egyptian asthmatic children. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 18:427-34. [PMID: 24711060 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a multifactorial respiratory disease determined by interactions of multiple disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Interleukin (IL)-18 is an important cytokine for initiating and perpetuating the catabolic and inflammatory response in allergic asthma. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms that influence IL-18 production are found in the gene promoter region. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-18 -607C/A promoter polymorphism with asthma and whether this polymorphism influenced the severity of asthma in affected children. The influence of this promoter gene polymorphism on total serum IgE level in studied subjects was also investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study was carried out at the Allergy Clinic of Abu El Reesh Children's Hospital at Cairo University, Egypt. This study included 40 asthmatic children, subdivided into four groups according to different degrees of asthma severity, and 20 apparently healthy subjects as the control group. All cases were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and the following laboratory investigations: complete blood count, total serum IgE level assay by ELISA and genomic DNA extraction, and analysis for IL-18 -607C/A promoter gene polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. RESULTS In the present study the IL-18 -607AA genotype frequency was higher in cases (22.5 %) than in the control group (15 %); however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.773). No statistically significant difference between the degree of asthma severity and IL-18 -607C/A polymorphism was found (p = 0.489). No significant association could be detected upon comparing the frequencies of C and A alleles among the two studied groups (p = 0.366). Also, no significant differences were demonstrated for the allele frequencies when the intermittent with mild [odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95 % CI 1.03-2.33, p = 0.067], intermittent with moderate, and severe (OR = 2.8, 95 % CI 1.01-8.5, p = 0.066) asthma groups were compared. The median value of the total serum IgE level in asthmatic cases with the mutant genotype (AA) was significantly higher [360 IU/L (96.6-1,340 IU/L)] than in the control group [119 IU/L (70.6-158.9 IU/L)] (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION No significant statistical difference was encountered regarding the distribution of IL-18 -607C/A genotypes and allele frequencies in asthma patients and healthy controls. Also, there were no significant associations between asthma severity and different genotypes or alleles. The median value of the total serum IgE level in asthmatic cases with the mutant genotype (AA) was significantly higher than in the control group. Thus, IL-18 -607AA genotype frequency might be related to higher total serum IgE.
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Association between polymorphism of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene and asthma risk: a meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:685684. [PMID: 25821855 PMCID: PMC4363699 DOI: 10.1155/2015/685684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Asthma is a complex polygenic disease in which gene-environment interactions are important. A number of studies have investigated the polymorphism of IL-1β -511C/T and IL-1RA genes in relation to asthma susceptibility in different populations. However, the results of individual studies have been inconsistent. Accordingly, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the association between the IL-1β -511C/T and IL-1RA polymorphism and asthma risk. Methods. Data were collected from the following electronic databases: Pub Med, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar Search databases with the last report up to July 2013. Finally, 15 studies were included in our meta-analysis. We summarized the data on the association between IL-1β -511C/T and IL-1RA polymorphism and risk of asthma in the overall population and performed subgroup analyses by ethnicity, mean of age, and source of controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the associations between IL-1β -511C/T and IL-1RA polymorphism and asthma risk. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.1. Results. A total of 15 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis of IL-1β -511C/T (1,385 cases and 1,964 controls) and IL-1RA (2,800 cases and 6,359 controls) genotypes. No association was found between IL-1β -511C/T polymorphism and asthma risk (dominant model: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.99–1.25, P = 0.07, PHeterogeneity = 0.06; recessive model: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.91–1.20, P = 0.55, PHeterogeneity = 0.11). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian), source of controls (population-based controls and hospital-based controls), and mean of age (adulthood and childhood) did not present any significant association. The overall results showed that the IL-1RA polymorphism was related to an increased risk of asthma (homozygote model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.56, P = 0.0009, PHeterogeneity = 0.87; recessive model: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18–1.63, P = 0.0001, PHeterogeneity = 0.82). Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, mean of age, and source of controls. Sensitivity analysis did not perturb the results. Conclusions. This meta-analysis provided strong evidence that the IL-1RA polymorphism was a risk factor of asthma, especially in Caucasian populations. However, no association was found for IL-1β -511C/T genotype carriers. Larger scale studies are needed for confirmation.
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Padrón-Morales J, García-Solaesa V, Isidoro-García M, Hernández-Hernández L, García-Sánchez A, Hincapié-López G, Lorente-Toledano F, Dávila I, Sanz C. Implications of cytokine genes in allergic asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:603-8. [PMID: 24731768 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease involving numerous mediator molecules and effector cells, in combination with a range of environmental determining factors. Cytokines play a key role in the physiopathological mechanisms of asthma; the study of the structure, regulation and variations of the genes that encode for these molecules is therefore crucial. Cytokines have extremely diverse roles, and exert effects both as activators and inhibitors of the innate and adaptive immune response. Certain modifications in the expression or structure of these molecules, resulting from the presence of polymorphisms, may give rise to deregulation of the mentioned effects, and therefore to a predisposition to develop concrete asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Padrón-Morales
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - V García-Solaesa
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Isidoro-García
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A García-Sánchez
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Hincapié-López
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - F Lorente-Toledano
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Obstetrics, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - I Dávila
- Department of Immunoallergy, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Obstetrics, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Sanz
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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12
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Nasiri R, Movahedi M, Amirzargar AA, Hirbod-Mobarakeh A, Farhadi E, Ansaripour B, Moradi B, Rezaei N. Association of interleukin 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms with allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1426-9. [PMID: 24974143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a polygenic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa with an increasing prevalence worldwide. As interleukin 6 (IL-6) seems to be involved in development of allergic disorders, such as allergic rhinitis, this study was performed to evaluate the association of two promotor variants of IL-6 gene in the AR. METHODS Ninety eight patients with AR were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was done for two polymorphisms in a promoter region of IL-6 gene (G/C at -174, rs1800795 and G/A at -597, rs1800797), using a PCR sequence-specific-primers method. RESULTS Patients homozygous for the G allele of rs1800795 in IL-6 had a 3.35-fold risk of having AR than those with the C allele. AA genotype in rs1800797 of IL-6 was associated with the increased risk of developing AR. G/G haplotype for IL-6 (rs1800795, rs1800797) was significantly higher in the patient group. In some subgroups of patients, there were significant relationships between IgE levels, eosinophil count, eosinophil percentage, nature of sensitivity and persistency of disease and these two variants. CONCLUSION We found that two promotor variants in IL-6, especially rs1800795, were predisposing factors for AR with a negative heterosis pattern. These SNPs could also affect the clinical parameters, the nature of sensitivity and persistency of the disease in some subgroups of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Nasiri
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Masoud Movahedi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematology Department, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ansaripour
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batoul Moradi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Birbian N, Singh J, Jindal SK. High risk association of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) VNTR polymorphism with asthma in a North Indian population: a pilot study. Cytokine 2013; 62:389-94. [PMID: 23602199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pilot case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) VNTR penta-allelic polymorphism in asthma that has been associated with various inflammatory diseases worldwide. This is the first case-control study conducted in India, investigating the role of IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism in asthma pathogenesis. METHODS A case-control study was performed with a total of 824 adult subjects, inducting 410 asthma patients and 414 healthy controls from North India. The genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Statistical analysis for the IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism revealed that the IL-1RN(*)2 allele was significantly associated with asthma with OR=1.45, 95% CI (1.15-1.85) and p=0.001. The IL-1RN(*)2/2 genotype posed a risk towards asthma with OR=1.66, 95% CI (0.97-2.86) and p=0.048. Most of the phenotypic traits were significantly associated with the disease. CONCLUSIONS IL-1RN(*)2 allele is a high risk factor for asthma in the studied North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Birbian
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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14
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Kudo M, Melton AC, Chen C, Engler MB, Huang KE, Ren X, Wang Y, Bernstein X, Li JT, Atabai K, Huang X, Sheppard D. IL-17A produced by αβ T cells drives airway hyper-responsiveness in mice and enhances mouse and human airway smooth muscle contraction. Nat Med 2012; 18:547-54. [PMID: 22388091 PMCID: PMC3321096 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the TH17 subset of αβ T cells contributes to the development of allergic asthma. In this study we found that mice lacking αvβ8 on dendritic cells failed to generate TH17 cells in the lung and were protected from AHR in response to house dust mite and ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. Because loss of TH17 cells inhibited airway narrowing without obvious effects on airway inflammation or epithelial morphology, we examined the direct effects of TH17 cytokines on mouse and human airway smooth muscle function. IL-17A enhanced contractile force generation through a NF-κB/RhoA/ROCK2 signaling cascade. Mice lacking integrin αvβ8 on dendritic cells showed impaired activation of this pathway after OVA sensitization and challenge, and the diminished contraction of tracheal rings from these mice was reversed by IL-17A. These data indicate that IL-17A produced by TH17 cells contributes to allergen-induced AHR through direct effects on airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kudo
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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15
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Daneshmandi S, Pourfathollah AA, Pourpak Z, Heidarnazhad H, Kalvanagh PA. Cytokine gene polymorphism and asthma susceptibility, progress and control level. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1845-53. [PMID: 21637953 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactor inflammatory disorder, and its management requires understanding of its various pathogenesis and control mechanisms. Cytokines and other inflammatory mediators are important factors in asthma pathophysiology. In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokine polymorphisms in the asthma susceptibility, progress, control, and lung functions. IL-4-C590T polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method, IFN-γ T+874A, TNF-α-A308G, IL-6 G-174C and TGF-β T+869C variants by ARMS-PCR method and IgE serum level by ELISA technique were determined in 81 asthmatic patients and 124 normal subjects. Asthma diagnosis, treatment and control levels were considered using standard schemes and criteria. TNF-α-308GA genotype was more frequent in asthmatics (P = 0.025, OR 3.352), and polymorphisms between different asthma control levels (P > 0.05) were not different. IFN-γ+874AT genotype had a positive correlation with the familial history of asthma (P = 0.034, OR 2.688). IL-6-174C allele (P = 0.045), TNF-α-308GG genotype (P = 0.002) and TNF-α-308G allele (P = 0.004) showed reduced values, and TNF-α-308GA genotype (P = 0.002) increased FEF25-75 value in asthmatics. IFN-γ+874AA genotype caused a decrease in FVC factor (P = 0.045). This study showed that TNF-α-308GA is a risk factor for asthma, but cytokine gene variants do not affect asthma control and IgE serum levels. Variants producing lower levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ are associated with reduced pulmonary capacities. To achieve an appropriate schema for asthma management, further studies with consideration of different aspects in a larger group of patients would be more elucidative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Daneshmandi
- Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Finkelman FD, Hogan SP, Hershey GKK, Rothenberg ME, Wills-Karp M. Importance of cytokines in murine allergic airway disease and human asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:1663-74. [PMID: 20130218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, disabling inflammatory respiratory disease that has increased in frequency and severity in developed nations. We review studies of murine allergic airway disease (MAAD) and human asthma that evaluate the importance of Th2 cytokines, Th2 response-promoting cytokines, IL-17, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MAAD and human asthma. We discuss murine studies that directly stimulate airways with specific cytokines or delete, inactivate, neutralize, or block specific cytokines or their receptors, as well as controversial issues including the roles of IL-5, IL-17, and IL-13Ralpha2 in MAAD and IL-4Ralpha expression by specific cell types. Studies of human asthmatic cytokine gene and protein expression, linkage of cytokine polymorphisms to asthma, cytokine responses to allergen stimulation, and clinical responses to cytokine antagonists are discussed as well. Results of these analyses establish the importance of specific cytokines in MAAD and human asthma and have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
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