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Costello W, Rolon V, Thomas AG, Schmitt DP. The Mating Psychology of Incels (Involuntary Celibates): Misfortunes, Misperceptions, and Misrepresentations. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:989-1000. [PMID: 37676789 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2248096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Mating represents a suite of fundamental adaptive problems for humans. Yet a community of men, called incels (involuntary celibates), forge their identity around their perceived inability to solve these problems. Many incels engage in misogynistic online hostility, and there are concerns about violence stemming from the community. Despite significant media speculation about the potential mating psychology of incels, this has yet to be formally investigated in the scientific literature. In the first formal investigation of incel mating psychology, we compared a sample (n = 151) of self-identified male incels with non-incel single males (n = 149). Findings revealed that incels have a lower sense of self-perceived mate-value and a greater external locus of control regarding their singlehood. Contrary to mainstream media narratives, incels also reported lower minimum standards for mate preferences than non-incels. Incels (and non-incel single men) significantly overestimated the importance of physical attractiveness and financial prospects to women, and underestimated the importance of intelligence, kindness, and humor. Furthermore, incels underestimated women's overall minimum mate preference standards. Our findings suggest that incels should be targeted for interventions to challenge cognitive distortions around female mate preferences. Implications for incels' mental health and misogynistic attitudes are discussed, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Costello
- Department of Individual Differences and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Vania Rolon
- Centre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London
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2
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Sokołowski DR, Pani J, Hansen TI, Håberg AK. Participation and engagement in online cognitive testing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14800. [PMID: 38926515 PMCID: PMC11208174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Web-based testing of cognitive abilities allows for large-scale assessments without geographical constraints. Yet, the extent to which it can reach populations beyond the typical demographic groups recruited for cognitive studies is unclear. This study focused on comparing the characteristics of individuals from a general population study (HUNT4) who chose to participate in a cognitive study (HUNT4-Hjernetrim) with those who did not. Additionally, we investigated participants' engagement and user experience. We obtained data on socio-demographics, health conditions (both physical and mental), self-reported cognitive or learning difficulties, and lifestyle factors of Hjernetrim participants and non-participants from the HUNT4 database. Hjernetrim involved 13 cognitive tests, administered through the online platform Memoro. We used logistic regressions to assess participation biases and linear regressions to assess participants' engagement and user experience. Of 65,851 HUNT4 participants invited via regular mail to Hjernetrim, 5634 (9.4%, aged 13-97, 54% women) participated. The best represented in the sample were 50-79-year-olds, women, tertiary educated, living alone, from urban areas, not occupationally active, and reporting memory complaints. Individuals who were aged 80+, had motor or vision impairments, and teenagers with learning disabilities, were underrepresented. Participants were more likely to have mental health problems, have or survived cancer and less likely to have cardiovascular disease. Participants logged on mainly during weekdays, the preferred time of day varied by age. On average, participants used 42 min and completed 78% of the tasks. Using PCs provided the most complete data. In terms of user experiences, 65% were positive while 14% were negative or reported technical difficulties. Overall, the study demonstrated that web-based methodology allowed for a relatively well-represented sample that included groups typically difficult to reach. The presence of somatic and mental diseases had a variable influence on participation. Participants finished most tests and reported positive experiences overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radosław Sokołowski
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Fred Kavli Building, 3rd floor, south, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
- MiDT National Norwegian Research Center, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jasmine Pani
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Fred Kavli Building, 3rd floor, south, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
- MiDT National Norwegian Research Center, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Ivar Hansen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Fred Kavli Building, 3rd floor, south, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
- MiDT National Norwegian Research Center, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Fred Kavli Building, 3rd floor, south, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
- MiDT National Norwegian Research Center, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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3
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Gonzalez Avilés T, Bühler JL, Brandt ND, Neyer FJ. Today's Adolescents Are More Satisfied With Being Single: Findings From a German Cohort-Sequential Study Among 14- to 40-Year-Olds. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241257139. [PMID: 38859695 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241257139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In Western societies, singlehood has become increasingly normative over historical time. But whether singles are more satisfied nowadays remains unclear. In this preregistered cohort-sequential study, we analyzed data from 2,936 German participants (M = 21.01 years, SD = 7.60 years) from different birth cohorts. Singlehood satisfaction and life satisfaction were reported annually at two different time periods (2008-2011 and 2018-2021). This design allowed us to compare earlier-born and later-born singles during adolescence (14-20 years), emerging adulthood (24-30 years), and established adulthood (34-40 years). Results from multilevel growth-curve models indicated that adolescent singles born in 2001 to 2003 (vs. 1991-1993) were more often single and more satisfied with singlehood. No cohort-related differences emerged among emerging and established adults. Younger age and lower neuroticism predicted higher satisfaction, regardless of birth cohort. The results highlight the importance of considering both societal and individual factors to understand singles' satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tita Gonzalez Avilés
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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4
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Gesselman AN, Kaufman EM, Weeks LYS, Moscovici Z, Bennett-Brown M, Adams OR, Campbell JT, Piazza M, Bhuyan L, Dubé S, Hille JJ, Garcia JR. Exploring patterns in mental health treatment and interests of single adults in the United States: a secondary data analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1292603. [PMID: 38711766 PMCID: PMC11073498 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1292603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to examine mental health treatment utilization and interest among the large and growing demographic of single adults in the United States, who face unique societal stressors and pressures that may contribute to their heightened need for mental healthcare. Method We analyzed data from 3,453 single adults, focusing on those with possible mental health treatment needs by excluding those with positive self-assessments. We assessed prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental health treatment, including psychotherapy and psychiatric medication use, and interest in attending psychotherapy among participants who had never attended. Results 26% were in mental health treatment; 17% were attending psychotherapy, 16% were taking psychiatric medications, and 7% were doing both. Further, 64% had never attended psychotherapy, of which 35% expressed interest in future attendance. There were differences in current psychotherapy attendance and psychiatric medication use by gender and sexual orientation, with women and gay/lesbian individuals more likely to engage in both forms of mental health treatment. Additionally, interest in future psychotherapy among those who had never attended varied significantly by age, gender, and race. Younger individuals, women, and Black/African-American participants showed higher likelihoods of interest in psychotherapy. Conclusion Our research highlights a critical gap in mental health treatment utilization among single adults who may be experiencing a need for those services. Despite a seemingly higher likelihood of engagement in mental health treatment compared to the general population, only a minority of single adults in our sample were utilizing mental health treatment. This underutilization and the observed demographic disparities in mental health treatment underscore the need for targeted outreach, personalized treatment plans, enhanced provider training, and policy advocacy to ensure equitable access to mental healthcare for single adults across sociodemographic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Gesselman
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Ellen M. Kaufman
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lee Y. S. Weeks
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Zoe Moscovici
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Margaret Bennett-Brown
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Communication Studies, College of Media and Communications, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Olivia R. Adams
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica T. Campbell
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Malia Piazza
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lucy Bhuyan
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, School of Education, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Simon Dubé
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica J. Hille
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Justin R. Garcia
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Scaffidi Abbate C, Rapacciuolo F, Miceli S. Well-Being, Self-Esteem and Temporal Perspective in Incels: An Italian Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:358. [PMID: 38256492 PMCID: PMC10816836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The global scholarly attention has shifted toward the phenomenon of inceldom (involuntary celibacy) due to violent incidents involving self-identified incels. There is a growing number of platforms promoting the proliferation of these ideologies, and cases of violence are becoming increasingly severe. This research constitutes one of the limited empirical investigations within an Italian context. This study aims to examine the mental well-being and its associations with self-esteem and temporal perspectives among individuals identifying as incels. Fifty-eighth male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years old participated in the study. Participants, recruited through online communication channels, completed three questionnaires focused on assessing mental well-being, self-esteem, and temporal orientation. The results reveal that incel subjects exhibit low self-esteem and are inclined toward a hedonistic present-focused perspective aimed at immediate gratification rather than future planning. Of note are the data related to the future temporal perspective, which does not show any predictive value on the well-being of incel subjects. Their ability to plan for the long term, defer immediate gratification, and control behavior through the anticipation and evaluation of possible consequences appears diminished. This study discusses the implications of developing targeted intervention programs, given that the incel phenomenon is becoming increasingly widespread. It is, therefore, crucial not to underestimate the potential threat that inceldom could pose in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Scaffidi Abbate
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (S.M.)
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Girme YU, Park Y, MacDonald G. Coping or Thriving? Reviewing Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Societal Factors Associated With Well-Being in Singlehood From a Within-Group Perspective. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1097-1120. [PMID: 36534959 PMCID: PMC10475216 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221136119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Singlehood, defined as not being in a romantic relationship, is becoming increasingly common worldwide. Despite this, research on singlehood has not received remotely equivalent research attention as romantic relationships. Well-being research that has explicitly included singles has focused on whether coupled versus single people are more satisfied with their lives. However, these between-group comparisons have not attended to within-group variability among singles that can point to when and for whom singlehood is associated with thriving. In this review, we document findings from the emerging field of singlehood studies to highlight what is and is not known about factors that are associated with the well-being of single individuals from a within-group perspective. Our review examines (a) intrapersonal factors (characteristics of the individual), (b) interpersonal experiences (qualities of one's social relationships and experiences), and (c) societal influences (features related to one's broader social or cultural context) related to well-being in singlehood. We conclude by offering future directions for the conceptualization of and research on singlehood with the goal of promoting a thorough and inclusive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoobin Park
- Center for Health & Community, University of California, San Francisco
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Fan Z, Lin X, Tao M, Wu H, Wang X. The Chinese adaptation and validation of the Fear of Being Single Scale for college students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 238:103989. [PMID: 37459732 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fear of Being Single Scale (FOBS) is a widely used measure of the fear of being single, but its applicability to Chinese populations has not been established. This study aimed to translate the FOBS into Chinese and examine its psychometric properties among Chinese college students. The study consisted of three phases with three samples (total n = 1768). In the first phase (Sample 1: n = 571), an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported a unidimensional structure with 6 items for the Chinese version of the FOBS (C-FOBS). In the second phase (Sample 2: n = 692), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the factor structure and indicated good model fit. The C-FOBS also demonstrated good internal consistency, split-half reliability, criterion validity, and cross-gender invariance. In the third phase (Sample 3: n = 505), the C-FOBS showed acceptable test-retest reliability over a two-week interval. The results suggest that the C-FOBS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the fear of being single among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Marxism, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Min Tao
- School of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hanwei Wu
- School of Foreign Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xichen Wang
- School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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8
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Heng ZQ, Chin J, Tan CS. Feelings toward lying flatism and attitudes toward singlehood: the mediating role of happiness belief. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:156. [PMID: 37173772 PMCID: PMC10177730 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lying flatism, a new emerging lifestyle by refusing to participate in consumerist lifestyles, is anticipated to be related to singlehood. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, we proposed a mediation model to examine the indirect relationship between feelings towards lying flatism and attitudes toward singlehood via individuals' belief in that happiness can be achieved without romantic relationships (happiness belief). METHODS Using purposive and snowball sampling methods, 232 single Malaysian young adults participated in an online experiment consisting of a writing task (to manipulate feelings toward lying flatism), single-item measures of manipulation checking and happiness belief, Attitudes toward Singlehood Scale, Negative Stereotyping of Single Persons Scale (a measure of singlism) and Fear of Being Single Scale. RESULTS T-Test results support the writing task that successfully induced positive feelings toward lying flatism. Mediation analysis showed that the feelings toward lying flatism measured before the writing task, but not the manipulation of lying flatism, has an indirect relationship with attitudes toward singlehood via happiness belief, after controlling for gender, singlism, and fear of being single. CONCLUSIONS The findings offer preliminary support to the hypothetical relationships among feelings towards lying flatism, happiness belief, and attitudes toward singlehood. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qing Heng
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak D.R., Malaysia
| | - Joey Chin
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak D.R., Malaysia
| | - Chee-Seng Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak D.R., Malaysia.
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9
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Reyes S, Jabouley A, Alili N, De Sanctis MH, Machado C, Taleb A, Herve D, Dias-Gastellier N, Chabriat H. Psychological impact of COVID-19 containment on CADASIL patients. J Neurol 2023; 270:2370-2379. [PMID: 36869886 PMCID: PMC9985090 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 restrictive containment was responsible for major psychological distress and alteration of quality of life (QoL) in the general population. Their impact in a group of patients having cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and at high risk of stroke and disability was unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the potential psychological impact of strict containment during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of CADASIL patients, a rare SVD caused by NOTCH3 gene mutations. METHODS Interviews of 135 CADASIL patients were obtained just after the end of the strict containment in France. Depression, QoL and negative subjective experience of the containment were analysed, as well as predictors of posttraumatic and stressor-related manifestations, defined as an Impact Event Scale-Revised score ≥ 24, using multivariable logistic analysis. RESULTS Only 9% of patients showed a depressive episode. A similar proportion had significant posttraumatic and stressor-related disorder manifestations independently associated only with socio-environment factors, rather than clinical ones: living alone outside a couple (OR 7.86 (1.87-38.32), unemployment (OR 4.73 (1.17-18.70)) and the presence of 2 or more children at home (OR 6.34 (1.35-38.34). CONCLUSION Psychological impact of the containment was limited in CADASIL patients and did not appear related to the disease status. About 9% of patients presented with significant posttraumatic and stressor-related disorder manifestations which were predicted by living alone, unemployment, or exhaustion related to parental burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reyes
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - A Jabouley
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - N Alili
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - M H De Sanctis
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - C Machado
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - A Taleb
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - D Herve
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - N Dias-Gastellier
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - H Chabriat
- CNVT and Department of Neurology and Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), Hopital Universitaire Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU-Paris-Nord, APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1141-FHU-NeuroVasc, Paris, France.
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Dubé S, Santaguida M, Anctil D, Giaccari L, Lapierre J. The Case for Space Sexology. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:165-176. [PMID: 34878963 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.2012639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Space poses significant challenges for human intimacy and sexuality. Life in space habitats during long-term travel, exploration, or settlement may: detrimentally impact the sexual and reproductive functions of astronauts, restrict privacy and access to intimate partners, impose hygiene protocols and abstinence policies, and heighten risks of interpersonal conflicts and sexual violence. Together, this may jeopardize the health and well-being of space inhabitants, crew performance, and mission success. Yet, little attention has been given to the sexological issues of human life in space. This situation is untenable considering our upcoming space missions and expansion. It is time for space organizations to embrace a new discipline, space sexology: the scientific study of extraterrestrial intimacy and sexuality. To make this case, we draw attention to the lack of research on space intimacy and sexuality; discuss the risks and benefits of extraterrestrial eroticism; and propose an initial biopsychosocial framework to envision a broad, collaborative scientific agenda on space sexology. We also underline key anticipated challenges faced by this innovative field and suggest paths to solutions. We conclude that space programs and exploration require a new perspective - one that holistically addresses the intimate and sexual needs of humans - in our pursuit of a spacefaring civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dubé
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University
| | | | - D Anctil
- Department of Philosophy, Jean-de-Brébeuf College
- International Observatory on the Societal Impacts of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology, Laval University
| | - L Giaccari
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University
| | - J Lapierre
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Laval University
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Abstract
Social clock theory posits that off-time transitions, such as virginity loss, are often socially reproached and stigmatized. Research suggests, however, that reasons for virginity in adulthood are heterogeneous and that some emerging adult virgins (EAVs) are struggling socially. To guide the development of interventions tailored to this population, it is important to understand their difficulties. Through individual semi-structured interviews, this study explores the difficulties and disagreeable emotions experienced by 29 heterosexual virgins aged between 20 and 29. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: (a) difficulties related to society, (b) difficulties related to interpersonal relationships, and (c) disagreeable emotions experienced relative to late virginity. These results reveal that difficulties expressed by EAVs are intertwined and surprisingly, the most salient difficulty was related to lack of intimacy, rather than virginity per se. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Leroux
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Aude Boislard
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Grunau K, Bieselt HE, Gul P, Kupfer TR. Unwanted celibacy is associated with misogynistic attitudes even after controlling for personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Levels of Well-Being Among Men Who Are Incel (Involuntarily Celibate). EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Gonzalez Avilés T, Borschel E, Pusch S, Neyer FJ. Not all flowers bloom in April: Self-esteem development surrounding the first romantic relationship during adolescence and emerging adulthood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221124723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most people experience their first romantic relationship during adolescence. However, there is also a substantial proportion of youth who remain single during this time. Delaying the transition into the first romantic relationship may be associated with a decrease in self-esteem which might recover or even increase after youth engage in their first romantic relationship. The current study examined self-esteem development surrounding the transition into the first romantic relationship over a period of 10 years in a sample of N = 1395 adolescents ( Mage = 16.22 at T1; Mage = 26.22 at T11) from pairfam, a German representative panel study starting in 2008. Results from multilevel piecewise growth curve models showed that self-esteem did not change before beginning the first relationship, but slightly decreased thereafter. There were no moderating effects of age at first relationship, single satisfaction, or relationship satisfaction. However, both single and partnered youth who were more satisfied with their current relationship status reported higher self-esteem on average. Overall, the findings extend the current understanding of self-esteem development surrounding the transition into the first romantic relationship. Being single during late adolescence and emerging adulthood does not seem to pose a risk for youth’s self-esteem development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastian Pusch
- Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Franz J. Neyer
- Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
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15
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Kislev E. Relationship desire and life satisfaction among never-married and divorced men and women. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2099538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyakim Kislev
- School of Public Policy and Governance, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Park Y, MacDonald G. Single and Partnered Individuals' Sexual Satisfaction as a Function of Sexual Desire and Activities: Results Using a Sexual Satisfaction Scale Demonstrating Measurement Invariance Across Partnership Status. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:547-564. [PMID: 34997399 PMCID: PMC8741568 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although some evidence exists to suggest that single (i.e., unpartnered) individuals are less sexually satisfied on average than are partnered individuals, it is unclear whether the variables correlating with each group's sexual satisfaction are similar or different. This research sought to examine how desire for and actual engagement in solitary and partnered sexual activities are associated with both groups' sexual satisfaction. We first conducted a preliminary study (n = 572) to test and refine existing measures of sexual satisfaction for applicability across relationship status. In two follow-up studies (N = 1,238), measurement invariance (across relationship status and gender) of the resulting 4-item sexual satisfaction scale was established. Further, results across the studies showed that for singles dyadic sexual desire was negatively related to sexual satisfaction, whereas no significant link was found with solitary desire. For individuals in romantic relationships, having higher sexual desire involving a partner and lower solitary desire were both associated with greater sexual satisfaction. When analyzing participants' responses on the desired and actual frequency of engaging in specific sexual acts, we found that for both single and partnered individuals, frequent engagement in partnered acts was associated with greater sexual satisfaction. Wanting frequent engagement in partnered acts was associated with lower sexual satisfaction for both groups, but only if the current frequency of engaging in these acts was low. These findings suggest that at least during the COVID-19 pandemic, meeting desires for partnered sex plays an important role in maintaining a sexually satisfying life, regardless of one's relationship status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoobin Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
| | - Geoff MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
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17
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Soares LS, Rodrigues AC, de Paula JJ, Thorell LB, de Miranda DM. Partner responsiveness moderates the relation between COVID-19-related stressors and changes in mood during the pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-8. [PMID: 34776716 PMCID: PMC8571670 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unusually stressful situation for many people around the world. Due to the restrictions, many have been isolated in their homes, and having a responsive partner may have become even more important. The present study aimed to investigate (1) whether there were any differences in social and work-related stressors and changes in negative mood during the COVID-19 pandemic as a function of marital status, and (2) whether perceived partner responsiveness can attenuate the associations between COVID-19-related stressors and changes in negative mood. The participants were 2,400 Brazilian adults recruited via the Internet, using a virtual sampling strategy. They were assigned to three distinct groups based on their relationship status. The results showed that a relatively large proportion of the sample reported increased levels of negative mood, and that married/cohabitating couples reported low levels of negative change in mood compared to single participants. We also found that partner responsiveness attenuated the association between stress and mental health, but only for people who were dating. Our study contributes new insights by showing that effects on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic are dependent on relationship type and perceived partner responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrayne Stephane Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Jardim de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lisa B. Thorell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Shahrak SP, Brand S, Taghizadeh Z. Living with singleness: needs and concerns of never-married women over 35. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:129. [PMID: 34462005 PMCID: PMC8404253 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultural and religious norms and expectations may influence the needs and behavior of single women. This is particularly true in those countries where religion and cultural expectations are salient in everyday life. In this context, the present study investigated the needs and concerns of Iranian never-married women aged 35 and older. METHODS This qualitative study involved a conventional content analysis. Interviews were done with 23 never-married women aged 36-64 years in Iran. RESULTS A total of 773 codes, 22 subcategories, 8 categories, and 3 themes were extracted from the interviews. The 3 themes were: (1) mental-spiritual lack; categories were lack of emotional support, uncertain future, mental rumination, and sexual worries; (2) reform of culture and society; categories were an adverse effect of culture and being overlooked in society; (3) loneliness arising from disability; categories were aging and loneliness and sickness and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The results of the analysis indicate that the needs and concerns of never-married women over the age of 35 years in Iran remain unmet. This suggests that policymakers and health planners should take into consideration the growing number of never-married women as a societal reality deserving of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakiba Pourasad Shahrak
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 67146, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67146, Kermanshah, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 25529, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Taghizadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Girme YU, Sibley CG, Hadden BW, Schmitt MT, Hunger JM. Unsupported and Stigmatized? The Association Between Relationship Status and Well-Being Is Mediated by Social Support and Social Discrimination. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021; 13:425-435. [PMID: 35251490 PMCID: PMC8892065 DOI: 10.1177/19485506211030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Single adults, on average, experience worse well-being compared to coupled adults. But why? The current research bridged interpersonal and intergroup perspectives to examine the influence of social support and social discrimination on single versus coupled adults’ well-being. We drew on a nationally representative prospective study from New Zealand (Study 1, N = 4,024) and an integrative data analysis of three North American data sets examining peoples’ general (Study 2, N = 806) and day-to-day (Study 2, N = 889 and 9,228 observations) social experiences. The results demonstrated that single adults reported lower life satisfaction compared to coupled adults, and this may be partly due to single adults reporting lower perceptions of social support availability and greater experiences of negative treatment and discrimination compared to coupled adults. These novel findings move away from stereotypical assumptions about singlehood and highlight the important role of social relationships and interactions in determining single adults’ happiness and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuthika U. Girme
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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20
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Himawan KK, Underwood M, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. Being single when marriage is the norm: Internet use and the well-being of never-married adults in Indonesia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Lucas A, Boislard MA, Poulin F. Why Do Socially Withdrawn Children Tend to Become Heterosexually Active Later than Their Peers? A Mediation Model. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:1146-1155. [PMID: 31692383 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1685071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Socially withdrawn children are more likely to be heterosexually inactive in early adulthood. This study aimed to test a three-mediator model. We hypothesized that social withdrawal during childhood would hinder a sense of social competence in early adolescence, limiting other-gender friendships in mid-adolescence, in turn limiting involvement in romantic relationships in late adolescence, and thus favoring a later transition into sexual activity. This mediation model was tested on a sample of 332 participants assessed annually between the ages of 12 and 22. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant indirect effect of social withdrawal on late transition into heterosexual activity through the three tested mediators. The direct effect of social withdrawal on late transition into heterosexual activity was also significant, suggesting a partial mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrah Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
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22
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Erevik EK, Kristensen JH, Torsheim T, Vedaa Ø, Pallesen S. Tinder Use and Romantic Relationship Formations: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1757. [PMID: 32922327 PMCID: PMC7456855 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paper aims to investigate if Tinder use predicts romantic relationship formation 1 year later and to identify demographic, personality, mental health, and substance use covariates in the relationship between Tinder use and romantic relationship formation. Data were collected by online surveys (two waves) among students in Bergen, Norway. The first survey was administered during fall 2015 (T1). The follow-up took place 1 year later (fall 2016, T2). The sample consisted of the 5253 participants who reported to be single at T1. The surveys included questions about Tinder use, demographics, personality (the Five-Factor Model's personality traits), mental health (i.e., symptoms of depression and anxiety), alcohol use, and use of illegal substances. Bivariate comparisons were conducted to assess differences in demographics, personality traits, mental health, and substance use between Tinder users and non-Tinder users. Further, crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were employed to investigate if Tinder use at T1 predicted romantic relationship formation at T2, when controlling for relevant covariates. Tinder users differed from non-users on almost all included variables. Compared to non-users, Tinder users were younger and more likely to be men, born in Norway, childless, and non-religious. Tinder users had higher scores on extroversion and agreeableness and lower scores on openness compared to non-users. Further, compared to non-users, Tinder users reported more symptoms of anxiety and were more likely to have hazardous, harmful, or dependent alcohol use and to report use of illegal substances. Compared to non-users, Tinder users had a higher likelihood of having formed a romantic relationship at T2 in the crude model (p < 0.05) and when controlling for demographic (p < 0.05) and mental health (p < 0.05) covariates. However, when controlling for personality, substance use, and all included covariates, the difference in likelihood of romantic relationship formation was no longer significant. In conclusion, the current results suggest that Tinder users have a higher likelihood of forming romantic relationship longitudinally, but that this increased likelihood can be explained by Tinder users' personality and substance use characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilin K. Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Torbjørn Torsheim
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Voss District Psychiatric Hospital, NKS Bjørkeli, Voss, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Optentia, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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23
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Erevik EK, Pallesen S, Andreassen CS, Vedaa Ø, Skogstad A, Dhir A, Torsheim T. Demographics, Personality and Substance-Use Characteristics Associated with Forming Romantic Relationships. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-019-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Intimate relationship and its significance for eudaimonic well-being in young adults. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2020.93768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Gómez-López M, Viejo C, Ortega-Ruiz R. Well-Being and Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2415. [PMID: 31284670 PMCID: PMC6650954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are both stages in which romantic relationships play a key role in development and can be a source of both well-being and negative outcomes. However, the limited number of studies prior to adulthood, along with the multiplicity of variables involved in the romantic context and the considerable ambiguity surrounding the construct of well-being, make it difficult to reach conclusions about the relationship between the two phenomena. This systematic review synthesizes the results produced into this topic over the last three decades. A total of 112 studies were included, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. On the one hand, these works revealed the terminological heterogeneity in research on well-being and the way the absence of symptoms of illness are commonly used to measure it, while on the other hand, they also showed that romantic relationships can be an important source of well-being for both adolescents and emerging adults. The findings underline the importance of providing a better definition of well-being, as well as to attribute greater value to the significance of romantic relationships. Devoting greater empirical, educational, and community efforts to romantic development in the stages leading up to adulthood are considered necessary actions in promoting the well-being of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Viejo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Córdoba (Spain), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rosario Ortega-Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Córdoba (Spain), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Abstract
AbstractThe article discusses the results of the validation and psychometric parameters of the Polish-language version of the Fear of Being Single Scale (FBSS), originally developed by Spielmann and colleagues (2013). The study participants included 175 Polish respondents aged 18 to 67 (M = 27.19, SD = 8.63). The findings confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the Polish FBSS, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity, reliability of the Polish FBSS, and its high test–retest reliability over a lag of six months. The obtained results make it possible to assess the Polish FBSS as a reliable and valid measure of fear of being single in a Polish non-clinical sample of adults.
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The Ambiguous Loss of Singlehood: Conceptualizing and Treating Singlehood Ambiguous Loss Among Never-Married Adults. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-018-9455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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