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Cannarella R, Crafa A, Sawaid Kaiyal R, Kuroda S, Barbagallo F, Alamo A, Mongioì LM, Sapienza S, Condorelli RA, LA Vignera S, Calogero AE. Antioxidants for male infertility: therapeutic scheme and indications. A retrospective single-center real-life study. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2024; 49:13-24. [PMID: 38240682 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.23.04080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This single-center real-life study was conducted to evaluate the most effective combination of nutraceuticals and the most appropriate indications for the treatment of male infertile patients. METHODS Infertile patients aged 20-55 years were treated with a combination of antioxidants (Androlen®; Enfarma, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy) (group A), with Androlen® (Enfarma) and a mixture of fibrinolytic molecules (Lenidase®, Enfarma) (group B), or Androlen® (Enfarma) and other molecules different from those used for the patients of the group B (group C). Patients were also subdivided according to the presence of varicocele, mild testicular hypotrophy, idiopathic infertility, and chronic male accessory gland infection. RESULTS Forty-three patients were enrolled. In the overall analysis, only progressive motility significantly improved after therapy. Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in progressive motility, total motile sperm count (TMSC), and in the percentage of alive spermatozoa after treatment in the group A. Progressive motility improved significantly in patients with varicocele, while the TMSC in patients with varicocele and those with idiopathic infertility. The percentage of alive spermatozoa increased in patients with testicular hypotrophy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with antioxidants increased progressive sperm motility, especially in patients with varicocele or idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy -
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA -
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raneen Sawaid Kaiyal
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shinnosuke Kuroda
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alamo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sapienza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro LA Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Oladeji OM, Kopaopa BG, Mugivhisa LL, Olowoyo JO. Investigation of Heavy Metal Analysis on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Cancer by Traditional Practitioners in Pretoria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:778-786. [PMID: 37347404 PMCID: PMC10764444 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases, including cancer, is acknowledged and accepted in many African nations. Heavy metal contamination of plant materials poses a potential health risk, particularly for populations that are already vulnerable. This study determines the levels of heavy metals in medicinal plant samples used for treatment of skin cancer and evaluate the health risk caused by heavy metals to the adult population in Pretoria, South Africa using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of metals were as follows; As (<0.2 - 1.04±0.026), Cd (0.02 ±0.00026 - 0.167±0.006), Pb (0.38 ±0.01 - 2.27±0.05), Cr (5.31±0.21- 26.9 ±3.96) mg/kg, and Hg which were lesser than 0.02 mg/kg. The mean concentrations of all analyzed heavy metals are above permissible limit except for Hg which are lower than the permissible limit. The Hazard Quotient (THQ) was less than 1 for all the heavy metals, suggesting that there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks associated with the consumption of these medicinal plants for now even though the prolonged use may result in health risks. The ingestion route was identified as the primary contributor to the overall risk by the health index (HI) values in the present study, which were more than 1, indicating that the combined effects of the heavy metal contaminants present in a particular herbal preparation pose health risk in the long term. Our findings support the need for close monitoring of potential heavy metal concentrations in medicinal plants given to patients from herbal shops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Mary Oladeji
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.
| | - Boikanyo Genneyrolter Kopaopa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Liziwe Lizbeth Mugivhisa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Joshua Oluwole Olowoyo
- Department of Health Science and The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
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Ishfaq A, Shahid M, Nawaz M, Ibrar D, Hussain S, Shahzad T, Mahmood F, Rais A, Gul S, Gaafar ARZ, Hodhod MS, Khan S. Remediation of wastewater by biosynthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles and its effects on development of wheat seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263813. [PMID: 38126015 PMCID: PMC10731374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticles play a vital role in environmental remediation on a global scale. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to utilize nanoparticles in wastewater treatment due to their remarkable physiochemical properties. Methods In the current study, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO-NPs) were synthesized from the Bacillus flexus strain and characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biosynthesized MnO-NPs to treat wastewater. Results showed the photocatalytic degradation and adsorption potential of MnO-NPs for chemical oxygen demand, sulfate, and phosphate were 79%, 64%, and 64.5%, respectively, depicting the potential of MnO-NPs to effectively reduce pollutants in wastewater. The treated wastewater was further utilized for the cultivation of wheat seedlings through a pot experiment. It was observed that the application of treated wastewater showed a significant increase in growth, physiological, and antioxidant attributes. However, the application of treated wastewater led to a significant decrease in oxidative stress by 40%. Discussion It can be concluded that the application of MnO-NPs is a promising choice to treat wastewater as it has the potential to enhance the growth, physiological, and antioxidant activities of wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeza Ishfaq
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Danish Ibrar
- Crop Science Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Afroz Rais
- Department of Botany, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Safia Gul
- Department of Botany, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Hodhod
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts, 6th October, Egypt
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Colorado Water Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Gyimah L, Asante-Kwatia E, Adjei S, Owusu FA, Darko F, Tabiri E, Mensah AY. Pharmacognostic characterization, wound healing and toxicity assessment of the stem bark of Xylia evansii Hutch (Leguminosae). Heliyon 2023; 9:e21692. [PMID: 37954382 PMCID: PMC10638049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylia evansii is widely used in traditional medicine to stop bleeding gums and treat wounds. This study was undertaken to assess the wound healing activity and toxicity profile of the stem bark methanol extract of X. evansii (XES). Wound healing activity was determined by the dermal excision model in rats. The free radical scavenging capacity, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), aluminum chloride colorimetric and Folin Ciocalteu methods respectively. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment was performed following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent wound healing effect, similar to that of 1 % silver sulphadiazine was elicit by the 10, 15 and 20 %w/w XES ointments. The highest effect was demonstrated by XES 20 %w/w which resulted in 98.3 % wound surface closure by day 9 of treatment (p < 0.0001). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 381.2 ± 12.57 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 460 ± 29.07 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. XES exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging effect (IC50 = 68.13 ± 1.87 μg/mL) and had a total antioxidant capacity of 279.2 ± 32.08 mg/g GAE. The LD50 of XES was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity, 28 days treatment with XES (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight) did not result in any significant (p > 0.05) change in the body weight or weight of the heart, lung, spleen, liver and kidneys. The haematological and biochemical profiles of XES-treated rats were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected after 4-weeks treatment with XES, except for platelet count which increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in a non-dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination did not reveal any toxic effect to liver cells, however at 1000 mg/kg XES, slight abnormalities were identified in the glomeruli. Microscopy of the powdered stem bark displayed calcium oxalate crystals, pitted vessels and lignified fibres. Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes and alkaloids were identified in the bark. This is the first report on the wound healing potential and safety profile of X. evansii, giving scientific credence to its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lord Gyimah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Silas Adjei
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick Akuffo Owusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fanny Darko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Tabiri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Opuni KF, Kretchy JP, Agyabeng K, Boadu JA, Adanu T, Ankamah S, Appiah A, Amoah GB, Baidoo M, Kretchy IA. Contamination of herbal medicinal products in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19370. [PMID: 37674839 PMCID: PMC10477504 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) has grown significantly across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Consequently, the safety of these products due to contamination is a significant public health concern. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and levels of contaminants in HMPs from LMICs. A search was performed in seven online databases, i.e., Africa journal online (AJOL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI), World Health Organization Global Index Medicus (WHO GIM), Scopus, and PubMed using appropriate search queries and reported as per the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines. Ninety-one peer-reviewed articles published from 1982 to 2021 from 28 different countries across four continents were included in the study. Although metals, microbial, mycotoxins, pesticides, and residual solvents were the reported contaminants in the 91 articles, metals (56.0%, 51/91), microbial (27.5%, 25/91), and mycotoxins (18.7%, 17/91) were the most predominant. About 16.4% (1236/7518) of the samples had their contaminant levels above the regulatory limits. Samples tested for microbial contaminants had the highest proportion (46.4%, 482/1039) of contaminants exceeding the regulatory limit, followed by mycotoxins (25.8%, 109/423) and metals (14.3%, 591/4128). The proportion of samples that had their average non-essential metal contaminant levels above the regulatory limit was (57.6%, 377/655), 18.3% (88/480), 10.7% (24/225), and 11.3% (29/257) for Pb, Cd, Hg, and As, respectively. The commonest bacteria species found were Escherichia coli (52.3%, 10/19) and Salmonella species (42.1%, 8/19). This review reported that almost 90% of Candida albicans and more than 80% of moulds exceeded the required regulatory limits. HMP consumption poses profound health implications to consumers and patients. Therefore, designing and/or implementing policies that effectively regulate HMPs to minimize the health hazards related to their consumption while improving the quality of life of persons living in LMICs are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwabena F.M. Opuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - James-Paul Kretchy
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, P. O. Box 2305, Miotso, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kofi Agyabeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph A. Boadu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Theodosia Adanu
- Balme Library, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG24, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ankamah
- Balme Library, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG24, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alexander Appiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Geralda B. Amoah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mariam Baidoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Shah AP, Travadi T, Sharma S, Pandit R, Joshi C, Joshi M. Comprehensive analysis using DNA metabarcoding, SCAR marker based PCR assay, and HPLC unveils the adulteration in Brahmi herbal products. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7605-7618. [PMID: 37532919 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brahmi is one of the important nootropic botanicals, widely sold in the market, with the name "Brahmi'' being used to describe both Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica species. The Brahmi herbal products market is expanding; hence, economically motivated adulteration is highly prevalent. METHODS AND RESULTS This study aimed to develop DNA-based methods, including SCAR marker-based PCR and metabarcoding, to authenticate Brahmi herbal products and compare these methods with HPLC. These methods have been validated using mock controls (in-house blended formulations). All targeted plant species in mock controls were detected successfully with all three methods, whereas, in market samples, only 22.2%, 55.6%, and 50.0% were found positive for Brahmi by PCR assay, DNA metabarcoding, and HPLC, respectively. Metabarcoding can detect the presence of non-labeled plants together with targeted species, which is an advantage over PCR assay or HPLC. CONCLUSION SCAR marker-based PCR is a rapid and cost-effective method for detecting the presence of B. monnieri and C. asiatica. However, in this study, the success rate of PCR amplification was relatively low because the primers targeted either RAPD or ITS-based SCAR markers. HPLC assay, although an alternative, was unable to detect the presence of other botanicals, just like the SCAR marker-based PCR assay. On the other hand, metabarcoding can be utilized to identify the target plants, even in very small quantities, while also providing simulated identification of other botanicals. This study successfully addressed the need for quality control of Brahmi herbal products and provided the first-time report of DNA metabarcoding for such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhi P Shah
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Tasnim Travadi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ramesh Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Madhvi Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India.
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Karahan F. Evaluation of Trace Element and Heavy Metal Levels of Some Ethnobotanically Important Medicinal Plants Used as Remedies in Southern Turkey in Terms of Human Health Risk. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:493-513. [PMID: 35661327 PMCID: PMC9167670 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in medicinal plants has increased dramatically in recent years due to agricultural and industrial activities leading to pollution of natural sources. This study is focused on the concentration of trace elements and heavy metals in aboveground parts of 33 medicinal plants from the Eastern Mediterranean of Turkey. Results showed that the Al concentrations varied between 4.368 and 1104.627, the B level varied between 47.850 and 271.479, Ca values ranged between 1971.213 and 22,642.895, Cd concentrations ranged between 0.011 and 0.651, Cr contents varied between 1.371 and 41.692, Cu values varied between 13.278 and 42.586, Fe concentrations varied between 20.705 and 1276.783, K levels ranged between 652.143 and 14,440.946, Mg concentrations varied from 336.871 to 1869.486, Mn contents varied between 46.383 and 849.492, Na concentrations varied between 167.144 and 3401.252, Ni values varied between 0.065 and 9.968, Pb levels ranged between 1.311 and 16.238, and Zn concentrations ranged between 67.250 and 281.954 mg kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values for trace elements and estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for heavy metals were calculated. The concentrations of heavy metals in some studied plants distributed in industrial and mining regions were found as slightly higher than the acceptable limits determined by WHO. Consequently, in order to prevent this heavy metal accumulation, when collecting medicinal aromatic plants, rural areas, close to clean rivers, or mountainous areas should be preferred, away from highway, mining, and industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Karahan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science & Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060, Hatay, Turkey.
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Comparative evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and some contaminants in six Moroccan medicinal and Aromatic. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Ibourki M, Ait Bouzid H, Bijla L, Sakar EH, Asdadi A, Laknifli A, El Hammadi A, Gharby S. Mineral Profiling of Twenty Wild and Cultivated Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Growing in Morocco. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4880-4889. [PMID: 35020161 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs) have attracted a considerable attention owing to their medicinal and nutritional value. The main research focus in AMPs is devoted to bioactive compounds and related biological activities; however, little is known about their mineral profiling, hence the novelty of this work, which aims at investigating the mineral composition of 20 species of AMPs belonging to 10 botanical families growing in Morocco. Mineral profiling was determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in various plant parts depending on each species. Wide variations were found in mineral content among the studied plants. Major elements were K (3987.49 ± 319.01-36,707.01 ± 2936.56 mg/kg), Ca (862.54 ± 69.86-32,836.15 ± 2626.89 mg/kg), P (1065.77 ± 86.33-6328.83 ± 506.32 mg/kg), Mg (986.96 ± 79.66-4935.41 ± 394.82 mg/kg), and Na (28.21 ± 2.23-5792.26 ± 463.38 mg/kg). Fe (62.09 ± 4.96-1636.24 ± 130.89 mg/kg), Mn (10.63 ± 0.85-124.72 ± 9.85 mg/kg), B (5.64 ± 0.45-71.33 ± 5.71 mg/kg), Zn (8.94 ± 0.72-47.01 ± 3.76 mg/kg), and Cu (2.06 ± 0.14-15.12 ± 1.20 mg/kg) were detected at minor levels. Most of the investigated plants were shown to be good sources of minerals. Important correlations were found among different minerals. These outcomes were confirmed by principal component analysis, which separate among studied plants and minerals through the first two principal components. According to obtained results, the studied plants could provide a new promising source of necessary minerals for human diet as well as other various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibourki
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment (LBME), Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Hasnae Ait Bouzid
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment (LBME), Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Laila Bijla
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment (LBME), Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - El Hassan Sakar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetuan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Mhannech, II. 93002, Tetuan, Morocco
| | - Ali Asdadi
- Biotechnology Laboratory and Natural Resource Valuation of University Ibn Zohr, Planta Sud Unity at Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Laknifli
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment (LBME), Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif El Hammadi
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment (LBME), Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Said Gharby
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment (LBME), Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.
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Mineral and Phenolic Composition of Erodium guttatum Extracts and Investigation of Their Antioxidant Properties in Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4229981. [PMID: 36193070 PMCID: PMC9526627 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4229981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Erodium guttatum is widely used in folk medicine in many countries to treat various ailments such as urinary inflammation, diabetes, constipation, and eczema. The aim of this study is the determination of mineral and phenolic compounds of E. guttatum extracts as well as the investigation of their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. The mineral composition was determined by the methods of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis. Phytochemical contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and catechic tannins were estimated by colorimetric dosages. The phenolic composition was identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis. The antioxidant activity of E. guttatum extracts was measured in vitro by five methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, H2O2, and xanthine oxidase) and in vivo by assaying the malondialdehyde marker (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). The obtained results showed that the root plant material is rich in minerals such as k, Ca, and Mg. The methanolic extract of E. guttatum is the richest in polyphenols (389.20 ± 1.55 mg EAG/gE), tannins (289.70 ± 3.57 mg EC/gE), and flavonoids (432.5 ± 3.21 mg ER/gE). Concerning the ESI-HRMS analysis, it showed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, including shikimic acid, rottlerine, gallic acid, and vanillic acid. Moreover, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. guttatum exhibited antiradical and antioxidant activity in five tests used, with the best effect of the methanolic extract. Moreover, findings showed that in vivo investigations confirmed those obtained in vitro. On the other hand, E. guttatum showed important antidiabetic effects in vivo. Indeed, diabetic mice treated with extracts of E. guttatum were able to significantly reduce MDA levels and increase the secretion of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH, respectively). However, the antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the abundance of bioactive molecules; as results, this work serves as a foundation for additional pharmacological research.
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Chaitanya G, Pavani C, Shasthree T. Effect of heavy metals on in vitro growth and development of the Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:1-8. [PMID: 35909798 PMCID: PMC9326134 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have played a great role in the genesis of the present-day civilization. Human beings are affected when these metals are added to the food chain. Although these are the most important plant nutrients, they are phytotoxic at high concentrations. Heavy metals at super optimal concentrations affect different metabolic pathways in plants and result in their ceased growth and development. They may enter plants either by their root system or through foliar uptake; stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, and reddish-brown discoloration are visible symptoms of severe metallic phytotoxicity. The study of heavy metal stress tolerance on Momordica cymbalaria shows the effect on the plant growth and metabolism. All heavy metals treated with high concentrations affect the overall plant growth. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with ZnSO4 at 100 µM concentration resulted in healthy shoot development (9) with a maximum shoot length of 7.2 cm. MS basal medium with low concentration of CuSO4 (50 µM) achieved a maximum shoot number (7) with healthy leaves and shoots. MS basal medium with higher concentration of CdCl2 (150 µM) affects plant growth and reduced the regeneration capability completely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ch. Pavani
- Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana India
- Singareni Women’s Degree College, Kothagudem, Telangana India
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Čmiková N, Galovičová L, Miškeje M, Borotová P, Kluz M, Kačániová M. Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1493. [PMID: 35684266 PMCID: PMC9183077 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, determination of chemical elements and heavy metals in seaweed extracts of wakame, arame, dulse, laminaria, kombu, and hijiki. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method and the activity ranged from 0.00 to 2641.34 TEAC. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in kombu (2641.34 TEAC) and arame (2457.5 TEAC). Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by disk diffusion method and MIC method. Three G+ bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis), three G- bacteria (Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica), and four yeasts (Candida tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. albicans) were used as model organisms. The size of inhibition zones ranged from 0.00 to 8.67 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the selected seaweeds ranged from MIC50 98.46 (MIC90 100.25) to MIC50 3.43 µL/mL (MIC90 5.26 µL/mL). The content of selected elements was determined in seaweed samples by ICP-OES. The chemical composition of the algae showed differences between species and the presence of heavy metals. Arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum were confirmed. All seaweed samples contained arsenic ranging from 6.6546 to 76.48 mg/kg. Further investigation of seaweeds is needed to identify the active substances present in the algae that are responsible for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of extracts from five commonly consumed seaweeds for their ability to inhibit selected microorganisms and to determine the health risk due to heavy metals content. Our study contributes to the evidence that seaweeds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and seaweed extracts have for pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Čmiková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucia Galovičová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (L.G.)
| | - Michal Miškeje
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Petra Borotová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Maciej Kluz
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (L.G.)
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Yu XM, Wang J, Gao R, Gong BC, Ai CX. Integrated Metabolomic-Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Diverse Resource of Functional Ingredients From Persimmon Leaves of Different Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904208. [PMID: 35693179 PMCID: PMC9175000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon leaves are used for making persimmon leaf tea or as functional ingredients due to their enrichment in flavonoids, the beneficial mineral contents, and favorable flavors contributed by volatile aroma compounds. The varieties/cultivars had a significant influence on the quality and flavor of persimmon leaf tea. In this study, the integrated metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the potential in flavonoid biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and degradation of aromatic compounds from tender leaves of "Diospyros kaki. Heishi" (HS), "Diospyros kaki Thunb. Nishimurawase" (NM), and "Diospyros kaki Thunb. Taifu" (TF), using rootstock "Diospyros Lotus Linn" (DL) as the control. The metabolomic analysis showed that 382, 391, and 368 metabolites were differentially accumulated in the comparison of DL vs. HS, DL vs. NM, and DL vs. TF, respectively, and 229 common metabolites were obtained by comparative analysis. By RNA sequencing, 182,008 unigenes with 652 bp of mean length were annotated and 2,598, 3,503, and 3,333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected from the comparison of DL vs. HS, DL vs. NM, and DL vs. TF, respectively. After the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, 6, 6, and 3 DEGs [with | log2(fold change)| ≥ 1 simultaneously in the three comparisons] involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and degradation of aromatic compounds, respectively, were selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation and the consistent trends of the relative expression level of each DEG with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data were observed. Based on the transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR validation, it was observed that the leaves of HS, NM, and TF had the greatest level of mineral absorption, flavonoid biosynthesis, and degradation of aromatic compounds, respectively. In addition, a positive correlation between the 15 DEGs and their metabolites was observed by the conjoint analysis. Thus, the tender leaves of HS, NM, and TF could be recommended for the production of persimmon leaf tea rich in mineral elements, flavonoid, and aroma compounds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Yu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Bang-Chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
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14
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Comparative Study on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties (GraphPad Prism Approach) of Wild Ethiopian Z. spina-christi and Indian Z. jujube Fruit Species. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Akter S, Netzel M, Tinggi U, Fletcher M, Osborne S, Sultanbawa Y. Interactions Between Phytochemicals and Minerals in Terminalia ferdinandiana and Implications for Mineral Bioavailability. Front Nutr 2021; 7:598219. [PMID: 33425972 PMCID: PMC7793935 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.598219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalic and phytic acid are phytochemicals considered to be anti-nutritional factors as they are predominantly found as oxalates and phytates bound to minerals like calcium and potassium. Studies have associated excessive oxalate consumption with increased urinary excretion of oxalate (hyperoxaluria) and calcium oxalate kidney stone formation, and excessive phytate consumption with decreased bioaccessibility and bioavailability of certain minerals and reduced utilization of dietary protein. However, other studies suggest that dietary consumption of phytate may be beneficial and inhibit formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. In light of these conflicting reports, dietary intake of oxalate and phytate enriched plants should be considered in relation to potential health outcomes following consumption. Terminalia ferdinandiana is one such plant and is investigated here with respect to oxalate, phytate, and mineral contents. Assessment of oxalate and phytate contents in T. ferdinandiana fruit, leaf, and seedcoat tissues through hydrolysis into acid forms revealed oxalic acid contents ranging from 327 to 1,420 mg/100 g on a dry weight (DW) basis whilst phytic acid contents ranged from 8.44 to 121.72 mg/100 g DW. Calcium content in the different tissues ranged from 131 to 1,343 mg/100 g. There was no correlation between oxalic acid and calcium, however a significant, positive correlation was observed between phytic acid and calcium (r = 0.9917; p < 0.001), indicating that tissues rich in phytic acid also contain higher levels of calcium. The high content of phytic acid in comparison to oxalic acid in T. ferdinandiana fruit found in this study and the dietary significance of this in terms of calcium bioavailability, needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Akter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Ujang Tinggi
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Simone Osborne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
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Sun J, Cao Y, Zhou X, Wu M, Sun Y, Hu Y. Detection for lead pollution level of lettuce leaves based on deep belief network combined with hyperspectral image technology. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Minmin Wu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yidan Sun
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yinghui Hu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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Jamila N, Khan N, Bibi A, Haider A, Noor Khan S, Atlas A, Nishan U, Minhaz A, Javed F, Bibi A. Piper longum catkin extract mediated synthesis of Ag, Cu, and Ni nanoparticles and their applications as biological and environmental remediation agents. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Singh R, Kaur N, Shri R, Singh AP, Dhingra GS. Proximate composition and element contents of selected species of Ganoderma with reference to dietary intakes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:270. [PMID: 32266583 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma is a wood-degrading mushroom that is treasured as a functional food since primitive times. Monitoring of macronutrient and element levels in mushrooms collected from the natural environment provides basic information in terms of safety, regulation, and nutrition. A comparative study was developed on the proximate and element contents of Ganoderma applanatum, G. brownii, G. lucidum, and G. philippii collected from different zones of the natural forests in Uttarakhand, India. These mushrooms revealed high amounts of proteins (9.29-12.4%) and carbohydrates (75.5-80.3%) and low contents of fats (1.62-2.87%), but ash (6.14-8.32%) and fibre (4.92-8.07%) were available in significant amounts. Element concentrations were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry. Calcium (5400-19,250 mg/kg) and potassium (2602-5601 mg/kg) were the predominant elements in mushrooms. The mushroom samples provided significant percentage contribution to reference recommended dietary intakes (RDIs) of essential elements such as calcium (27.0-96.3%), copper (58.2-95.8%), and manganese (37.3-62.3%), for adult males and females; and iron (35.3-97.1% for males and 28.6-78.6% for females), magnesium (7.06-11.5% for males and 7.74-12.6% for females), and zinc (6.35-19.8% for males and 7.65-23.7% for females). The studied mushrooms have no health risks as toxic metals such as aluminium and lead were detected below the legislated respective provisional tolerable intake values. Nutritional quality index (NQI) values revealed that mushrooms are densely rich in calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Department of Botany, DAV College, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Avneet Pal Singh
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Srivastava N, Ranjana, Singh S, Gupta AC, Shanker K, Bawankule DU, Luqman S. Aromatic ginger ( Kaempferia galanga L.) extracts with ameliorative and protective potential as a functional food, beyond its flavor and nutritional benefits. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:521-528. [PMID: 31431884 PMCID: PMC6579851 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L) is native to India and believed to be originated in Burma. Despite substantial uses in a pickle and south-east Asian cuisines, aromatic ginger is chemically less studied than white and red ginger. Multi-directional investigations have been performed to evaluate chemical composition, nutritional values, ameliorative and protective potential of aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga) rhizome (KGR). Macro and micro components analysis confirmed that KGR contains protein, fiber, and high amount of essential minerals (potassium, phosphorous, and magnesium) along with appreciable amounts of iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel. The anti-proliferative potential of KGR evaluated nine human cell lines. We have evaluated the anti-proliferative potential of hydrodistillate, extract, and key compound isolated from KGR on nine human cancer cell line and also reporting the safety to normal peritoneal macrophage cells. The current study demonstrates the anticancer potential of the KGR on MDA-MB-231 and WRL-68 cells. Very likely, results can be extrapolated to an animal or human system. Ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate (EPMC) was responsible for inhibiting the proliferation action which varied in a tested cell by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The present study demonstrates KGR as safe and high energy value medicinal spices with chemo-preventive action, without toxic phytochemicals, and tolerable other anti-nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Srivastava
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ranjana
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226 015, India
| | - Amit Chand Gupta
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226 015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226 015, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226 015, India
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Padhan B, Biswas M, Dhal NK, Panda D. Evaluation of mineral bioavailability and heavy metal content in indigenous food plant wild yams ( Dioscorea spp.) from Koraput, India. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4681-4686. [PMID: 30333665 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers, an indigenous food makes a significant contribution to the diets of tribal people of Koraput, India. However, there is dearth of documented information of their mineral bioavailability and heavy metal content. To know their quality and safety concerns about their use, minerals and heavy metal concentrations were evaluated in eight wild and one cultivated yam species from Koraput. The samples were further investigated for their antinutrients to determine bioavailability of minerals. The majority of the wild yam tubers were rich in some of the essential minerals like calcium (18.08-74.79 mg/100 g), iron (11.15-28.61 mg/100 g), zinc (2.11-6.21 mg/100 g) and phosphorous (179-248 mg/100 g). The heavy metals concentration (mg/100 g) ranged from: cobalt (1.06-1.98), nickel (0.30-0.89), chromium (2.10-4.53) and lead (0.11-0.93) among the studied yam species. These values were lower than the recommended tolerable levels proposed by WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Based on these results of molar ratio between phytate and Fe, Zn and Ca were below the suggested critical values indicating the bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Ca to be high. The study also suggests these wild yam species as the safe food sources for mass consumption and can be beneficial for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Padhan
- 1Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha 764021 India
| | - Meghali Biswas
- 1Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha 764021 India
| | - Nabin Kumar Dhal
- Institutes of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013 India
| | - Debabrata Panda
- 1Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha 764021 India
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Abstract
By the turn of the twenty-first century, the use of nutraceuticals became increasingly popular in both humans and animals due to their easy access, cost-effectiveness, and tolerability with a wide margin of safety. While some nutraceuticals are safe, others have a toxic potential. For a large number of nutraceuticals, no toxicity/safety data are available due to a lack of pharmacological/toxicological studies. The safety of some nutraceuticals can be compromised via contamination with toxic plants, metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, fertilizers, drugs of abuse, etc. Knowledge of pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic studies appears to play a pivotal role in safety and toxicity assessment of nutraceuticals. Interaction studies are essential to determine efficacy, safety, and toxicity when nutraceuticals and therapeutic drugs are used concomitantly. This chapter describes various aspects of nutraceuticals, particularly their toxic potential, and the factors influencing their safety.
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Fanelli F, Cozzi G, Raiola A, Dini I, Mulè G, Logrieco AF, Ritieni A. Raisins and Currants as Conventional Nutraceuticals in Italian Market: Natural Occurrence of Ochratoxin A. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2306-2312. [PMID: 28892149 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The healthy consumers make a strong pressure to natural products that can prevent the chronic diseases and improve the general health status, and therefore an important aspect that have to be considered is the safe level of the nutraceuticals. This study reports the occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated fungal contamination in 35 samples of dried vine fruits imported in the European community potentially used for the development of new nutraceutical supplements. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis identified 18 samples as contaminated by OTA with an average level of 2.6 μg/kg. OTA was measured in 4 samples of currants (mean value of 6.6 μg/kg) and 13 samples of raisins (mean value of 1.4 μg/kg). In one sample of currants and one of raisins from Turkey OTA exceeded the limits set by European Commission of 10 μg/kg, being contaminated with 12.61 and 15.99 μg/kg, respectively. All the positive samples were confirmed by Orbitrap Q Exactive through their molecular weight and the corresponding fragmentation. The worldwide consumption of dried vine fruits contributed to OTA exposure in several group of consumers. In particular, considering the potential nutraceutical approach, this consumption may be represent a severe risk for healthy consumers that consider these products like healthy and salutistic for their contents in antioxidants, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Data reported in this study confirmed the need to regularly monitor mycotoxin levels in these food products and optimize the process of fruits drying in order to reduce the development of toxigenic molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cozzi
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Raiola
- Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples "Federico II," Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Dini
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Napoli 80141, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Inst. of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Napoli 80141, Italy
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Martín-Domingo M, Pla A, Hernández A, Olmedo P, Navas-Acien A, Lozano-Paniagua D, Gil F. Determination of metalloid, metallic and mineral elements in herbal teas. Risk assessment for the consumers. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alam F, Saqib QNU, Ashraf M. Gaultheria trichophylla (Royle): a source of minerals and biologically active molecules, its antioxidant and anti-lipoxygenase activities. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:3. [PMID: 28049535 PMCID: PMC5209833 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaultheria trichophylla (Royle) is used as food and for treating many ailments in folk medicine especially against inflammation. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of extracts of G. trichophylla as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and for its mineral contents. METHODS Powdered plant material (100 g) was extracted with 100 ml each of methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane using soxhlet extractor. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays. Determination of enzyme inhibition activity was determined using 5-LOX inhibitory activity. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents were measured by Folin-Chicalteu and colorimeteric methods respectively. Minerals and heavy metals contents were determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Qualitative HPLC analysis were performed using some standard phenolic compounds. RESULTS The highest phenolic (17.5 ± 2.5 mg GA equivalent/g) and flavonoids (41.3 ± 0.1 mg QE equivalent/g) concentrations were found in methanol extract, which also showed more scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferrous reducing power with IC50 = 81.2 ± 0.2 and IC50 = 11.2 ± 0.1 μg/ml, respectively. The methanol and chloroform extracts showed best inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme with 90.5 ± 0.7% and 66.9 ± 0.1% at 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. G. trichophylla extract was also evaluated for mineral contents (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu), and for chemical profiling of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg). CONCLUSION Our current findings suggest that this plant is good source of minerals and concentration of all heavy metals were within permissible limits. The results revealed that this ignored plant has great pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Najam us Saqib
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Kumar V, Sharma A, Dhunna G, Chawla A, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK. A tabulated review on distribution of heavy metals in various plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2210-2260. [PMID: 27726084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of elements, and knowledge of their elemental composition determines their use for various purposes, especially for food and medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to create a database of the elemental composition of plants. The present review focuses on the concentration of various heavy metals as reported by various workers from time to time by using different sophisticated techniques. Cluster analysis was applied on the basis of mean values of heavy metals in plants. Co, Cu, and Cr have similar proximities. Cluster analysis was also applied to different families on the basis of their heavy metal contents. Elaeagnaceae, Adoxaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Cupressaceae, and Acoraceae had close proximities with each other. First three components of principal component analysis explained 95.7 % of the total variance. Factor analysis explained four underlying factors for heavy metal analysis. Factor 1 explained for 26.5 % of the total variance and had maximum loadings on Co, Cu, and Cr. Of the total variance, 21.7 % was explained by factor 2 and had maximum loadings on Zn and Cd. Factor 3 accounted for 19.2 % of the total variance and had maximum loadings on Ni and Pb. Mn had maximum loading on factor 4. The mean values of heavy metals as listed in this paper are Cu (18.7 μg/g dw), Mn (99.67 μg/g dw), Cr (22.9 μg/g dw), Co (19.7 μg/g dw), As (1.25 μg/g dw), Hg (0.17 μg/g dw), Zn (94.0 μg/g dw), Pb (6.93 μg/g dw), Cd (26.9 μg/g dw), Ni (19.9 μg/g dw), and Sb (0.25 μg/g dw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Geeta Dhunna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Amit Chawla
- High Altitude Biology Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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In vitro starch digestibility of bread with banana (Musa acuminata X balbisiana ABB cv. Awak) pseudo-stem flour and hydrocolloids. FOOD BIOSCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moore F, Akhbarizadeh R, Keshavarzi B, Tavakoli F. Potential Health Risk of Herbal Distillates and Decoctions Consumption in Shiraz, Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 167:326-37. [PMID: 25778835 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Concentration of 26 elements in 16 different herbal distillates and 5 herbal decoctions, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The elemental content of five raw herbal materials used for making decoctions and seven distilled and boiled residues were also evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results indicated that herbal products display a wide range of elemental concentrations. Compared with world health regulations, the concentrations of the elements in herbal distillates and decoctions did not exceed the recommended limits. The analysis of herbal extracts did not show a significant transfer of toxic elements during decoction preparation. Comparison of elemental content among fresh herbal material and herbal distillate and decoction of the same herb showed that, besides the elemental abundance of herbal organs, the ionic potential of elements also play an important role in elemental content of herbal products. Based on the results of the research, it seems that most health benefits attributed to herbal products (especially herbal distillates) are more related to their organic compounds rather than elemental composition. Calculated hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to evaluate the noncarcinogenic health risk from individual and combined metals via daily consumption of 100 ml of herbal distillates and 250 ml of herbal decoctions. Both HQs and HI through consumption of herbal distillates and herbal decoctions (except Valerian) were below 1. Apparently, daily consumption of herbal distillates and decoctions at the indicated doses poses no significant health risk to a normal adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran,
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Chen L, Yuan D, Zhang X, Lv X, Wang L, Li J. Elemental Analysis ofAcori Tatarinowii Rhizomaby Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission and Mass Spectrometry with Chemometrics. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1052975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Alexandru L, Binello A, Mantegna S, Boffa L, Chemat F, Cravotto G. Efficient green extraction of polyphenols from post-harvested agro-industry vegetal sources in Piedmont. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kulhari A, Sheorayan A, Bajar S, Sarkar S, Chaudhury A, Kalia RK. Investigation of heavy metals in frequently utilized medicinal plants collected from environmentally diverse locations of north western India. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:676. [PMID: 24386622 PMCID: PMC3877414 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of environmental pollution, especially soil contamination with heavy metals has led to their uptake in the human food chains through plant parts. Accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in human tissues through consumption of herbal remedies can cause hazardous impacts on health. Therefore, chemical profiling of nine heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cd, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg) was undertaken in stem and leaf samples of ten medicinal plants (Acacia nilotica, Bacopa monnieri, Commiphora wightii, Ficus religiosa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hemidesmus indicus, Salvadora oleoides, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula and Withania somnifera) collected from environmentally diverse regions of Haryana and Rajasthan states in North-Western India. Concentration of all heavy metals, except Cr, was within permissible limits in the tested stem and leaf samples. Leaf samples had consistently more Cr compared to respective stem samples with highest concentration in leaf samples of Bacopa monnieri (13.19 ± 0.0480 ppm) and stem samples of Withania somnifera (4.93 ± 0.0185 ppm) both collected from Bahadurgarh (heavy industrial area), Haryana. This amount was beyond the permissible limit of 2.0 ppm defined by WHO for raw herbal material. Other two most perilous metals Pb (2.64 ± 0.0260) and Cd (0.04 ± 0.0274) were also recorded in Bahadurgarh region, although below permissible limits. Concentration of Hg remained below detectable levels in all the leaf and stem samples tested. These results suggested that cultivation of medicinal plants and other dietary herbs should be curtailed near environmentally polluted especially industrial areas for avoidance of health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kulhari
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Arun Sheorayan
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Somvir Bajar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - Susheel Sarkar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
| | - Rajwant K Kalia
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342003 India
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Singh TD, Devi KD, Shagolsem BS, Singh CB, Devi HS. Assessment of Genetic Stability in Traditional Ginger Cultivated in Manipur, India Based on Molecular and Chemical Markers. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.814059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xie JH, Shen MY, Nie SP, Liu X, Yin JY, Huang DF, Zhang H, Xie MY. Simultaneous analysis of 18 mineral elements in Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide by ICP-AES. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:216-20. [PMID: 23544531 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The contents of 18 kinds of mineral elements in Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide samples were determined by ICP-AES. The limits of detection (LOD) of the method for 18 elements were in the range of 0.01-3.80 mg/kg. The average recoveries obtained by the standard addition method were found between 94.34% and 105.69% (RSD, 1.01-4.23%). The results showed that C. paliurus polysaccharides were abundant in major and trace elements which are healthy for human body. The contents of Ca, Al, Mg, K, Fe, Mn and P were very high, ranging from 274.5±10.3 to 5980.0±102.7 mg/kg, while the contents of Zn, Na, Se, Cr, Pb, Cu and As ranged from 0.9±0.1 to 37.1±4.2 mg/kg. Finally, the levels of Ni, Cd, V and Co were not detected in the samples. ICP-AES is a simple, precise and efficient method for the determination of many mineral elements in polysaccharide samples simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Determination and Evaluation Employing Multivariate Analysis of the Mineral Composition of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Soylak M, Cihan Z, Yilmaz E. Evaluation of trace element contents of some herbal plants and spices retailed in Kayseri, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:3455-3461. [PMID: 21713464 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The trace element contents of seven kinds of herbal plants and spice samples retailed in local markets in Kayseri-Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion with HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) mixture. The concentration ranges for the studied elements were found as 6.0-15.2, 0-32.2, 80.0-324.8, 8.1-386.3, and 13.1-36.2 μg/g for copper, nickel, iron, manganese, and zinc, respectively. The levels of cobalt, lead, and chromium ions in all the investigated samples were found to be below the detection limit of flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results found in the present work were compared with values in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
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Elemental Composition of Various Sour Cherry and Table Grape Cultivars Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (ICP-OES). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Determination and Evaluation of the Mineral Composition of Chinese Cabbage (Beta vulgaris). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sarma H, Deka S, Deka H, Saikia RR. Accumulation of heavy metals in selected medicinal plants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 214:63-86. [PMID: 21913125 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0668-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we evaluate the reports published between 1993 and 2011 that address the heavy metal accumulation in 88 medicinal plant species. We compare the safe limits for heavy metals set by governmental agencies vs. the levels at which such metals actually exist in selected medicinal plants. We also evaluate the uses and effectiveness of medicinal plants in health care, and assess the hazards of medicinal plant uses, in view of the growing worldwide use of medicinal plants. From our extensive review of the literature, we discovered that a maximum permissible level (MPL) of Pb is exceeded in 21 plant medicine species, Cd in 44 species, and Hg in 10 species. Vetiveria zizanioides a potential candidate species for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases absorb a wide range of heavy metals from metal-contaminated soils. We believe that this species is the single most impressive example of a potentially hazardous medicinal plant. Based on our review, we endorse the hypothesis that heavy metal accumulation by medicinal plants is mainly caused by extraction of soluble metals from contaminated soil, sediments and air. One continuing problem in protecting consumers of plant-based medicines is that permissible levels of all heavy metals in herbal medicine have not yet been standardized by regulating governmental entities. Moreover, there are few limit tests that exist for heavy metal content of medicinal plants, or permissible limits for essential dietary minerals, in most medicinal plants. The dearth of such limits hamstrings development of medicinal plant research and delays the release of either new or improved versions of medicinal plants or their components. In the present review, we emphasize that medicinal plants are often subjected to heavy metal contamination and that the levels at which these heavy metals sometimes occur exceeds permissible levels for some species. Therefore, collecting medicinal plants from areas that are, or may be, contaminated should be discouraged and banned if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Sarma
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Resource Management and Environment Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781 035, India.
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