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Medeiros F, Martins W, Behm D, Ribeiro D, Marinho E, Santos W, Viana RB. Acute effects of foam roller or stick massage on indirect markers from exercise-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:273-283. [PMID: 37330781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of foam roller or stick massage performed after exercise-induced muscle damage protocols on indirect markers of muscle damage compared to a non-intervention control group in healthy individuals. METHODS PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library database were searched in August 2, 2020, with last update on February 21, 2021. Were included clinical trials involving healthy adult individuals who received foam roller/stick massage versus a non-intervention group and evaluated indirect markers of muscle damage. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the foam roller/stick massage effect on muscle soreness. RESULTS The five included studies investigated 151 participants (136 men). Overall, the studies presented a moderate/high risk of bias. A between-groups meta-analysis showed no significant difference between massage and non-intervention control groups on muscle soreness immediately after (0.26 [95%CI: 0.14; 0.65], p = 0.20), 24 h (-0.64 [95%CI: 1.34; 0.07], p = 0.08), 48 h (-0.35 [95%CI: 0.85; 0.15], p = 0.17), 72 h (-0.40 [95%CI: 0.92; 0.12], p = 0.13), and 96 h (0.05 [95%CI: 0.40; 0.50], p = 0.82) after an exercise-induced muscle damage protocol. Moreover, the qualitative synthesis showed that foam roller or stick massage had no significant effect on range of motion, muscle swelling, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction recovery. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current literature appears to not support the advantage of foam roller or stick massage to improve recovery of muscle damage indirect markers (muscle soreness, range of motion, muscle swelling, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction) compared to a non-intervention control group in healthy individuals. Furthermore, due to the heterogeneity of the methodological designs among the included studies, making it difficult to compare the results. In addition, there are not enough high-quality and well-designed studies on foam roller or stick massage to draw any definite conclusions. REVIEW PROTOCOL NUMBER The study was pre-registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) on August 2, 2020, with last update on February 21, 2021. Protocol number: CRD2017058559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Medeiros
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brazil.
| | | | - David Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - Deise Ribeiro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brazil.
| | | | - Wanderson Santos
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Borges Viana
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Geng F. VISUAL SENSOR-BASED OBSERVATION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE INJURIES IN ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Athletes and fitness enthusiasts often suffer muscle injuries during their training. These injuries can worsen when not treated properly, generating an accumulation of severe tissue damage, preventing optimal physical performance, and impacting low immunity. Despite a large number of researches on muscle injuries, its vast majority is limited to the pathological perspective, and there are few studies related to the specific impact of the body sport muscle injury index. Objective: Analyze the body-specific indicators of sports injury to prevent further damage to its practitioners. Methods: Laser scanning confocal electron microscopy is the main observation tool in studying muscle injury in athletes. In further research, an experimental animal model was established. The test samples were 40 male rats over 12 weeks old, randomly divided into four groups, treadmill exercise, swimming at 8% of the weight, and other sports training items. Results: Through the comparative experiment of three indicators, it is found that muscle damage has a widespread impact on the whole body, particularly on blood serum indicators. The period of one hour after injury is considered to have the most impact. However, the symptoms subside after 24 hours. Conclusion: As the main observation tool in this experiment, the microscope showed its good prospect of application in the field of biomedicine. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Horiike M, Ogawa Y, Kawada S. Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R572-R587. [PMID: 34431403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00269.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxic conditions are known to accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration after injuries. In the early phase of regeneration, macrophages invade the injured area and subsequently secrete various growth factors, which regulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Although hyperoxic conditions accelerate muscle regeneration, it is unknown whether this effect is indirectly mediated by macrophages. Here, using C2C12 cells, we show that not only hyperoxia but also hypoxia enhance myoblast proliferation directly, without accelerating differentiation into myotubes. Under hyperoxic conditions (95% O2 + 5% CO2), the cell membrane was damaged because of lipid oxidization, and a disrupted cytoskeletal structure, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation. However, a culture medium containing vitamin C (VC), an antioxidant, prevented this lipid oxidization and cytoskeletal disruption, resulting in enhanced proliferation in response to hyperoxia exposure of ≤4 h/day. In contrast, exposure to hypoxic conditions (95% N2 + 5% CO2) for ≤8 h/day enhanced cell proliferation. Hyperoxia did not promote cell differentiation into myotubes, regardless of whether the culture medium contained VC. Similarly, hypoxia did not accelerate cell differentiation. These results suggest that regardless of hyperoxia or hypoxia, changes in oxygen tension can enhance cell proliferation directly, but do not influence differentiation efficiency in C2C12 cells. Moreover, excess oxidative stress abrogated the enhancement of myoblast proliferation induced by hyperoxia. This research will contribute to basic data for applying the effects of hyperoxia or hypoxia to muscle regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Horiike
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kawada
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP. The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2125-2142. [PMID: 33877402 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryotherapy is utilized as a physical intervention in the treatment of injury and exercise recovery. Traditionally, ice is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal injury while cold water immersion or whole-body cryotherapy is used for recovery from exercise. In humans, the primary benefit of traditional cryotherapy is reduced pain following injury or soreness following exercise. Cryotherapy-induced reductions in metabolism, inflammation, and tissue damage have been demonstrated in animal models of muscle injury; however, comparable evidence in humans is lacking. This absence is likely due to the inadequate duration of application of traditional cryotherapy modalities. Traditional cryotherapy application must be repeated to overcome this limitation. Recently, the novel application of cooling with 15 °C phase change material (PCM), has been administered for 3-6 h with success following exercise. Although evidence suggests that chronic use of cryotherapy during resistance training blunts the anabolic training effect, recovery using PCM does not compromise acute adaptation. Therefore, following exercise, cryotherapy is indicated when rapid recovery is required between exercise bouts, as opposed to after routine training. Ultimately, the effectiveness of cryotherapy as a recovery modality is dependent upon its ability to maintain a reduction in muscle temperature and on the timing of treatment with respect to when the injury occurred, or the exercise ceased. Therefore, to limit the proliferation of secondary tissue damage that occurs in the hours after an injury or a strenuous exercise bout, it is imperative that cryotherapy be applied in abundance within the first few hours of structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y Kwiecien
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Malachy P McHugh
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Takagi R, Tabuchi A, Asamura T, Hirayama S, Ikegami R, Tanaka Y, Hoshino D, Poole DC, Kano Y. In vivo Ca 2+ dynamics during cooling after eccentric contractions in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R129-R137. [PMID: 33206560 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cooling on in vivo intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+]i after eccentric contractions (ECs) remains to be determined. We tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy following ECs promotes an increased [Ca2+]i and induces greater muscle damage in two muscles with substantial IIb and IIx fiber populations. The thin spinotrapezius (SPINO) muscles of Wistar rats were used for in vivo [Ca2+]i imaging, and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles provided greater fidelity and repeatability of contractile function measurements. SPINO [Ca2+]i was estimated using fura 2-AM and the magnitude, location, and temporal profile of [Ca2+]i determined as the temperature near the muscle surface post-ECs was decreased from 30°C (control) to 20°C or 10°C. Subsequently, in the TA, the effect of post-ECs cooling to 10°C on muscle contractile performance was determined at 1 and 2 days after ECs. TA muscle samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess damage. In SPINO, reducing the muscle temperature from 30°C to 10°C post-ECs resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in the spread of high [Ca2+]i sites generated by ECs (P < 0.05). These high [Ca2+]i sites demonstrated partial reversibility when rewarmed to 30°C. Dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release inhibitor, reduced the presence of high [Ca2+] sites at 10°C. In the TA, cooling exacerbated ECs-induced muscle strength deficits via enhanced muscle fiber damage (P < 0.05). By demonstrating that cooling post-ECs potentiates [Ca2+]i derangements, this in vivo approach supports a putative mechanistic basis for how postexercise cryotherapy might augment muscle fiber damage and decrease subsequent exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takagi
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tabuchi
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Asamura
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Hirayama
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikegami
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of health science, Health Science University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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Murata I, Imanari M, Komiya M, Kobayashi J, Inoue Y, Kanamoto I. Icing treatment in rats with crush syndrome can improve survival through reduction of potassium concentration and mitochondrial function disorder effect. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:777-785. [PMID: 31853328 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crush syndrome (CS), a serious medical condition, which is characterized by damage to myocytes due to pressure and is associated with high mortality, even when patients receive fluid therapy. Icing therapy over the affected muscle has been reported to be effective in improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. These effects are thought to be secondary to improvements in the leakage of potassium and myoglobin from the damaged myocytes in the early stages of disease. However, their effects on the various symptoms of CS are unclear. It was hypothesized that treatment with icing will inhibit the influence of potassium by vasoconstriction, exert anti-inflammatory effects in the affected myocytes and improve mitochondrial function The CS model constructed by subjecting anesthetized rats to bilateral hindlimb compression with a rubber tourniquet for 5 h. The rats were then randomly divided into six groups: i) Sham; ii) CS without treatment (CS); iii) and iv) icing for 30 or 180 min over the entire hindlimb on CS rats (CI-30 and -180), respectively; and v) and vi) local icing for 30 or 180 min over the affected area on CS rats (CLI-30 and -180), respectively. Under continuous monitoring and recording of arterial blood pressures, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses at designated time points prior to and following reperfusion. The survival rate, vital signs, and blood gas parameters in the CS group were lethal compared with the sham group. These were also improved in the CI-30 and CLI-30 groups compared with the CS group; however, they worsened in the CI-180 and CLI-180 groups due to hypothermia. The CI-30 and CLI-30 groups demonstrated tendencies of improvements compared with the CS group. Systemic inflammation and mitochondria dysfunction had improved in these groups compared with the CS group. We suggest icing therapy to temporarily prolong the viability after crush injury. Its effectiveness can be improved by combining it with other infusion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Murata
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Mayuki Imanari
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Marise Komiya
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kanamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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8
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Effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 32:227-234. [PMID: 29870922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy (Tecar) and passive rest on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners when performed shortly after an exhausting training session. DESIGN Randomized controlled crossover trial. SETTING University biomechanical research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen trained male runners MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physiological (running economy, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, blood lactate concentration) and biomechanical (step length; stride angle, height, frequency, and contact time; swing time; contact phase; support phase; push-off phase) parameters were measured during two incremental treadmill running tests performed two days apart after an exhaustive training session. RESULTS When running at 14 km/h and 16 km/h, the Tecar treatment group presented greater increases in stride length (p < 0.001), angle (p < 0.05) and height (p < 0.001) between the first and second tests than the control group and, accordingly, greater decreases in stride frequency (p < 0.05). Physiological parameters were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that a Tecar therapy intervention enhances biomechanical parameters in recreational runners after an exhaustive training session more than passive rest, generating a more efficient running pattern without affecting selected physiological parameters.
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Oyaizu T, Enomoto M, Yamamoto N, Tsuji K, Horie M, Muneta T, Sekiya I, Okawa A, Yagishita K. Hyperbaric oxygen reduces inflammation, oxygenates injured muscle, and regenerates skeletal muscle via macrophage and satellite cell activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1288. [PMID: 29358697 PMCID: PMC5778072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) promotes rapid recovery from soft tissue injuries. However, the healing mechanism is unclear. Here we assessed the effects of HBO on contused calf muscles in a rat skeletal muscle injury model. An experimental HBO chamber was developed and rats were treated with 100% oxygen, 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 2 h/day after injury. HBO reduced early lower limb volume and muscle wet weight in contused muscles, and promoted muscle isometric strength 7 days after injury. HBO suppressed the elevation of circulating macrophages in the acute phase and then accelerated macrophage invasion into the contused muscle. This environment also increased the number of proliferating and differentiating satellite cells and the amount of regenerated muscle fibers. In the early phase after injury, HBO stimulated the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in contused muscles. Our results demonstrate that HBO has a dual role in decreasing inflammation and accelerating myogenesis in muscle contusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Oyaizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Enomoto
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. .,Sports Medicine Clinical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Sports Medicine Clinical Center, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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Fernandez-Jaén TF, Rey GÁ, Cuesta JA, Loureda RA, España FÁ, Matas RB, Pazos FB, de Dios Beas Jiménez J, Rosell JC, Fernandez CC, Ros FE, Colmenero JE, de Prado JF, Cota JJG, González JIG, Santander MG, Munilla MÁH, Ruiz FI, Díaz FJ, Marqueta PM, Fernandez AM, Benito JJM, Vilás RO, Teres XP, Amaro JP, Roque JPS, Parenteu CR, Serna JR, Álvarez MS, Marchori CS, Soto MDV, Alonso JMV, García PG, de la Iglesia NH, Alcorocho JML. Spanish Consensus Statement: The Treatment of Muscle Tears in Sport. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 3:2325967115622434. [PMID: 27213161 PMCID: PMC4710119 DOI: 10.1177/2325967115622434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On the 21st of March, 2015, experts met at Clínica CEMTRO in Madrid, Spain, under the patronage of The Spanish Society for Sports Traumatology (SETRADE), The Spanish Federation of Sports Medicine (FEMEDE), The Spanish Association of Medical Services for Football Clubs (AEMEF), and The Spanish Association of Medical Services for Basketball Clubs (AEMB) with the aim of establishing a round table that would allow specialists to consider the most appropriate current general actions to be taken when treating muscle tears in sport, based on proven scientific data described in the medical literature. Each expert received a questionnaire prior to the aforementioned meeting comprising a set of questions concerning therapeutic indications generally applied in the different stages present during muscle repair. The present Consensus Document is the result of the answers to the questionnaire and resulting discussion and consensus over which are the best current indications in the treatment of muscle tears in sport. Avoiding immobilization, not taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) randomly, fostering early mobilization, increasing vascularization of injured, site and regulating inflammatory mechanisms—without inhibiting these from the early stages of the recovery period—all stood out as main points of the Consensus Document. Additionally, there is controversy concerning cell stimulation techniques and the use of growth factors or cell inhibitors. The decision concerning discharge was unanimous, as was the criteria considered when it came to performing sport techniques without pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas F Fernandez-Jaén
- Chief of Sports Medicine and Trauma Unit, Head of Research and Education, Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain; Spanish School of Sports Traumatology Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, SETRADE Secretary
| | | | - Jordi Ardevol Cuesta
- SETRADE 1st Vice President; Chief of Surgery Unit, Hospital ASEPEYO Sant Cugat, Clínica Diagonal Trauma Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Ávila España
- Member of the Medical Commission for The International Volleyball Federation, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Balius Matas
- Consell Català de l'Esport, Generalitat de Cataluña, Clínica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Baró Pazos
- President of SETRADE; Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma Service, Traumatology Clinic, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Beas Jiménez
- Chief of Sports Medicine Unit, Sport Medicine Center for Andalusia, Sevilla, Spain. Coeditor, Andalusian Journal of Sports Medicine
| | | | | | - Francisco Esparza Ros
- ISAK Secretary General; Masters Course in Sports Traumatology Course Director, Murcia Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José García Cota
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma Ward at Hospital Miguel Domínguez, Pontevedra, Spain; Head of The Spain National Football Team and Real Club Celta de Vigo Football Team Medical Services, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Manuela González Santander
- Imaging and Postural Dynamics Ward, National Sport Medicine Center, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Ivorra Ruiz
- Mutua Asepeyo, Alicante, Spain; Emergency Ward, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Jiménez Díaz
- School of Sports Science, Castilla la Mancha University, Toledo, Spain; Echography MSK International Chair Director, Murcia Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Manonelles Marqueta
- President of Spanish Federation for Sports Medicine, Spain; Chair Director of International Sport Medicine, Murcia Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Muñoz Benito
- Chief of Spanish Handball Federation Medical Services, Madrid, Spain; Member of Spanish Olympic Committee medical commission, Madrid, Spain; Member of the International Handball Federation
| | - Ramón Olivé Vilás
- Chief of Sports Medicine Ward, Consorcio Sanitario Terrassa - CAR Sant Cugat, Catalunya International University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Peirau Teres
- President, The Spanish Association for Football Clubs Medical Services (AEMEF); School of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Lleida University, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Peña Amaro
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Histology Section), School of Medicine and Nursing, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Christophe Ramírez Parenteu
- Medical Director, Real Federación Española de Atletismo, Madrid, Spain; Medical Director, Clínica Dr. Sanz Vázquez, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Juan Ribas Serna
- Chair, Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Seville. Seville, Spain
| | - Mikel Sánchez Álvarez
- Chief, Arthroscopy Surgery Unit Trauma Ward, Hospital San Jose Vithas, Vitoria-Gastéis, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Del Valle Soto
- Director, School of Sports Medicine, Oviedo, Spain; Professor, Oviedo University, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Guillen García
- Chair, Sports Traumatology, Catholic University of Murcia. Murcia, Spain; President of Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Hugo de la Iglesia
- Assistant Physician, Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma Ward, Dr Jose Penna Hospital, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
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Branco BHM, Fukuda DH, Andreato LV, Santos JFDS, Esteves JVDC, Franchini E. The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Post-Training Recovery in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150517. [PMID: 26959652 PMCID: PMC4784886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy during post-training recovery in jiu-jitsu athletes. METHODS Eleven experienced Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes were investigated during and following two training sessions of 1h30min. Using a cross-over design, the athletes were randomly assigned to passive recovery for 2 hours or to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (OHB) for the same duration. After a 7-day period, the interventions were reversed. Before, immediately after, post 2 hours and post 24 hours, blood samples were collected to examine hormone concentrations (cortisol and total testosterone) and cellular damage markers [creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)]. Moreover, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and recovery (RPR) scales were applied. RESULTS Final lactate [La] values (control: 11.9 ± 1.4 mmol/L, OHB: 10.2 ± 1.4 mmol/L) and RPE [control: 14 (13-17 a.u.), OHB: 18 (17-20 a.u.)] were not significantly different following the training sessions. Furthermore, there was no difference between any time points for blood lactate and RPE in the two experimental conditions (P>0.05). There was no effect of experimental conditions on cortisol (F1,20 = 0.1, P = 0.793, η2 = 0.00, small), total testosterone (F1,20 = 0.03, P = 0.877, η2 = 0.00, small), CK (F1,20 = 0.1, P = 0.759, η2 = 0.01, small), AST (F1,20 = 0.1, P = 0.761, η2 = 0.01, small), ALT (F1,20 = 0.0, P = 0.845, η2 = 0.00, small) or LDH (F1,20 = 0.7, P = 0.413, η2 = 0.03, small). However, there was a difference between the two experimental conditions in RPR with higher values at post 2 h and 24 h in OHB when compared to the control condition (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thus, it can be concluded that OHB exerts no influence on the recovery of hormonal status or cellular damage markers. Nonetheless, greater perceived recovery, potentially due to the placebo effect, was evident following the OHB condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Sports and Physical Education School of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group of the Physical Education and Sports School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jonatas Ferreira da Silva Santos
- Sports and Physical Education School of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group of the Physical Education and Sports School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Franchini
- Sports and Physical Education School of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group of the Physical Education and Sports School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Hohenauer E, Taeymans J, Baeyens JP, Clarys P, Clijsen R. The Effect of Post-Exercise Cryotherapy on Recovery Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139028. [PMID: 26413718 PMCID: PMC4586380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to critically determine the possible effects of different cooling applications, compared to non-cooling, passive post-exercise strategies, on recovery characteristics after various, exhaustive exercise protocols up to 96 hours (hrs). A total of n = 36 articles were processed in this study. To establish the research question, the PICO-model, according to the PRISMA guidelines was used. The Cochrane’s risk of bias tool, which was used for the quality assessment, demonstrated a high risk of performance bias and detection bias. Meta-analyses of subjective characteristics, such as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and objective characteristics like blood plasma markers and blood plasma cytokines, were performed. Pooled data from 27 articles revealed, that cooling and especially cold water immersions affected the symptoms of DOMS significantly, compared to the control conditions after 24 hrs recovery, with a standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) of -0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of -1.20 to -0.30. This effect remained significant after 48 hrs (Hedges’ g: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.26) and 96 hrs (Hedges’ g: -0.71, 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.33). A significant difference in lowering the symptoms of RPE could only be observed after 24 hrs of recovery, favouring cooling compared to the control conditions (Hedges’ g: -0.95, 95% CI: -1.89 to -0.00). There was no evidence, that cooling affects any objective recovery variable in a significant way during a 96 hrs recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Hohenauer
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart / Manno, Switzerland
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan, Landquart (GR), Switzerland
- * E-mail: (EH)
| | - Jan Taeymans
- Health Department, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Baeyens
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan, Landquart (GR), Switzerland
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ron Clijsen
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart / Manno, Switzerland
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan, Landquart (GR), Switzerland
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