1
|
Li YM, Li YX, Hu XZ, Li DY, An L, Yuan ZY, Liu ZL, Du KM, Zheng ZZ. Exploration of KIR genes and hematological-related diseases in Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9773. [PMID: 37328612 PMCID: PMC10276034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cells has previously been implicated in hematopoietic-related diseases. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) play an important role in NK cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To explore the immunogenetic predisposition of hematological-related diseases, herein, a multi-center retrospective study in China was conducted, analyzing and comparing 2519 patients with hematopathy (mainly, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome) to 18,108 individuals without known pathology. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with specific sequence primers (PCR-SSP). As a result, we discovered four genes including KIR2DL5 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93; Pc = 0.0405), 2DS1 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93; Pc = 0.0405), 2DS3 (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.81; Pc = 0.0180), and 3DS1 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94; Pc = 0.0405) to be protective factors that significantly reduce the risk of aplastic anemia. Our findings offer new approaches to immunotherapy for hematological-related diseases. As these therapies mature, they are promising to be used alone or in combination with current treatments to help to make blood disorders a manageable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Mo Li
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xia Li
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhuang Hu
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Yang Li
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin An
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Yuan
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ke-Ming Du
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
He M, Zheng ZZ, He QQ, Li DY, Liao KZ, An L, Weng Q, Wang NJ, Wang LP, Sun Q, Wang J, Xiao PL, Du KM, Jiang M. Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in a large, multi-centre cohort of Chinese donors. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:133-141. [PMID: 34097546 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1913223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), which mediates the killing function of NK cells, is an attractive candidate for adoptive cellular therapy. The ethnic distribution for China provides a unique opportunity to investigate KIR gene distribution. AIM The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between population history and the rapidly evolving KIR genetic diversity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 8050 Chinese donors from 184 hospitals were included to analyse frequency, haplotype, and B-content data of 16 KIR genes, by PCR-SSP for KIR genotyping. RESULTS KIR gene carrier frequencies were found similar to those observed in other studies on Han, but different from Thais, Japanese, Africans, and populations of West Eurasian ancestry. High-frequency KIR genotype profiles found in the present population were consistent with other studies on Han populations but different from those conducted on other cohorts. The majority of our cohort carried group A KIR gene motifs. Additionally, populations with similar geographic locations in China were shown clustered together, while Hainan and Xinjiang provinces were slightly separated from these. CONCLUSION The distribution of KIR genes varies by geographic region, and different ethnic groups may be a confounding factor of KIR diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Hematologic Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Qing-Qing He
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Yang Li
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan-Zhen Liao
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lin An
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Weng
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Juan Wang
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Li Xiao
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Ming Du
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Hematologic Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang HD, Jin XY, Guo YX, Zhang Q, Zhang YW, Wang X, Zhu BF. KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms and global diversity in the Kirgiz ethnic minority and populations distributed worldwide. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1043-1055. [PMID: 30603950 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor genes expressed by the natural killer cells and T cells of some subclasses are one of the very diversity and complex gene families on chromosome 19q13.4 which play key developmental role in the fight against viral infections, malignantly transformed cells and so on in the first line. As potential markers, KIRs have received more and more attention for some infections and diseases which have some clinical outcomes. In addition, the KIRs are diverse in different populations due to the distinctive alleles and haplotypes, may contribute to understand the genetic relationships among populations. To data, there is no report on the KIR gene polymorphism of the Kirgiz ethnic minority. The purpose of this paper is to determine the KIR gene diversity: KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms, haplotype/genotype polymorphisms and these polymorphisms between populations distributed worldwide. In this study, we have genotyped the 19 KIR genes: KIR2DL1-4, 2DL5A, 2DL5B, 2DS1-3, 2DS4*FUL, 2DS4*DEL, 2DS5, 3DL1-3, 3DS1, 2DP1, 3DP1*FUL and 3DP1*DEL, and two unique genotypes are found in two Kirgiz individuals. The PCA plot, Neighbor-Joining tree analysis and MDS plot are conducted and the groups of the same language family gather together basically. KIR gene diversity study of populations distributed in different parts of the world. shows that KIRs can be used as a supplement for human genetic researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.,Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cardozo DM, Marangon AV, da Silva RF, Aranha FJP, Visentainer JEL, Bonon SHA, Costa SCB, Miranda ECM, de Souza CA, Guimarães F. Synergistic effect of KIR ligands missing and cytomegalovirus reactivation in improving outcomes of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched sibling donor for treatment of myeloid malignancies. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:861-868. [PMID: 27394130 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of KIR-HLA genotypes on the outcome of patients undergoing treatment for haematological malignancies by non-T-depleted lymphocyte haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from HLA-matched sibling donors. The prospective study was conducted at the Center of Hematology, University of Campinas, and 50 patients and their donors were followed up from 2008 to 2014. KIR and HLA class I genes were genotyped and patients grouped based on the presence of KIR ligands combined with KIR genotype of their respective donors. Patients with all KIR ligands present (n=13) had a significantly higher (p=0.04) incidence of acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) than patients with one or more KIR ligands missing (n=37). The overall survival following transplantation of patients with myeloid malignancies (n=27) was significantly higher (p=0.035) in the group with one or more KIR ligands missing (n=18) than in the group with all ligands present (n=9). Presence of KIR2DS2 was associated with a worsening of HSCT outcome while reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection improved the outcome of patients with one or more KIR ligands missing. Our results indicate that KIR-HLA interactions affect the outcome of the HLA-matched transplantation, particularly in patients with myeloid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Guimarães
- Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang HD, Feng ZQ, Shen CM, Guo QN, Dai PF, Zhang YD, Guo YX, Yan JW, Zhu BF, Zhang L. Study of genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor loci in the Tujia ethnic minority. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:869-875. [PMID: 27343992 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic profiles of 14 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and 2 pseudogenes of 124 individuals from Tujia ethnic minority residing in Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture of Hubei province of China and investigate the genetic relationships between the Tujia ethnic minority and other reported groups for the first time. Sequence specific primer amplification (PCR-SSP) methods were used to genotype the 14 KIR genes and 2 pseudogenes. The observed carrier frequencies (OF) and the gene frequencies (GF) of the KIR genes were measured. Neighbor-joining (N-J) tree and the principal component analysis (PCA) plot were constructed. All individuals were typed positive for the three framework loci KIR3DL3, 2DL4 and 3DL2, as well as for pseudogene KIR3DP1. The gene frequencies of the other KIR genes ranged from 9% in KIR2DS2 to 98% in KIR2DP1 and KIR3DL1. The present study of the KIR genes may be a powerful tool for enriching the Chinese ethnical gene information resources of the KIR gene pool, as well as for the anthropological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Zhan-Qi Feng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, PR China
| | - Chun-Mei Shen
- Blood Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qian-Nan Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Yu-Dang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Jiang-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Henan Red Cross Blood Center, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khanuntong S, Kuptawintu P, Upaisilpsathaporn K, Poolchareon A, Bunworasate U, Hirankarn N. The effect of missing KIR ligands, activating KIR genotype and haplotype on the outcome of T-cell-replete hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical siblings in Thai patients. HLA 2016; 87:422-31. [PMID: 27273744 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was a retrospective analysis of Thai patients undergoing T-replete hematopoietic stem cell transplant from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donors. We investigated 66 patients, including 40 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 12 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 14 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and HLA ligands were typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. We analyzed the effect of the number of missing KIR ligands (Bw4, C1 and C2) on clinical outcomes. A beneficial effect of missing KIR ligand was not observed in both univariate and multivariate analysis. When we analyzed the effect of specific missing KIR ligand on clinical outcomes, there was a trend that patients with missing A11 ligand had lower relapse rate (P = 0.076). Therefore, we also conducted the analysis by including the group with missing KIR ligands of Bw4, C1, C2 and A11. Patients with two or more than two missing KIR ligands had a trend for better clinical outcome including reduced relapse (P = 055) and statistically significant in terms of reduced acute graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD) rate (P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, patients with two or more than two missing KIR ligands had a statistically significant better clinical outcome in terms of reduced aGVHD rate (HR = 0.155, 95%CI = 0.040-0.605, P = 0.007). The association between clinical outcome with KIR haplotypes, centromeric B haplotype and activating KIR was not observed here. Although the sample size in this study is rather limited, these data can later be subjected to meta-analysis to help reach the conclusion of the usefulness of this additional promising KIR genotyping in various hematopoietic stem cell transplantation types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khanuntong
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Kuptawintu
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Upaisilpsathaporn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Poolchareon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - U Bunworasate
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou H, Bao X, Wu X, Tang X, Wang M, Wu D, He J. Donor selection for KIR B haplotype of the centromeric motifs can improve the outcome after HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 20:S1083-8791(13)00494-1. [PMID: 24513672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cell of recipients is regulated by killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on donor NK cells. The effect of KIRs on HSCT outcomes is controversial, particularly in those undergoing HLA-identical sibling HSCT. In this study, effects of KIR and HLA genotypes on the HSCT outcome were investigated in a 5-year retrospective study comprising 219 patient-donor pairs undergoing HLA-identical sibling HSCT for myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. We found that 39.7% (87/219) of these pairs who were KIR mismatched had better overall survival (OS) and reduced III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Bx1 donor KIR genotype with haplotype B on a telomeric region was a risk factor for the OS and relapse-free survival (RFS). Donor centromeric (c) and telomeric (t) KIR haplotype analysis showed that donor KIR cB-tA/tB was associated with improved OS and RFS compared with cA-tA or cA-tB. Furthermore, donor KIR B haplotype of the centromeric motifs (Cen-B) was an independent beneficial factor in improving OS and RFS and in protecting from relapse after HSCT. In AML patients, the occurrence of aGVHD was significantly lower in HLA-C1 group compared to that in HLA-C2 group, while such effect was not observed in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia. Our results suggest that KIR could impact outcome and donor KIR haplotype with Cen-B confer significant survival benefits to HLA-identical sibling HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Xiaojing Bao
- Department of HLA Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of HLA Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P.R.China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beating the odds: factors implicated in the speed and availability of unrelated haematopoietic cell donor provision. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:210-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
9
|
Yao Y, Shi L, Tao Y, Lin K, Liu S, Yu L, Yang Z, Yi W, Huang X, Sun H, Chu J, Shi L. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in four ethnic groups in China. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:475-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Shi L, Shi L, Tao Y, Lin K, Liu S, Yu L, Yang Z, Yi W, Huang X, Sun H, Chu J, Yao Y. Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and combinations with HLA-C ligands in an isolated Han population in southwest China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:60-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|