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Qiang W, Lu J, Jia Y, Liu J, Liu J, He H, Wang X, Fan X, Jin L, Ruan Q, Zhang Q, Shen L, Weng L, Cao W, Li W, Du J. B-Cell Maturation Antigen/CD19 Dual-Targeting Immunotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. JAMA Oncol 2024:2821602. [PMID: 39052306 PMCID: PMC11273281 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Importance Patients with high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) often have poor outcomes with standard treatments, necessitating novel effective frontline therapies to enhance clinical outcomes. GC012F, a B-cell maturation antigen/CD19 dual-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has been developed on the novel FasTCAR platform. Notably, its use as a frontline therapy for patients with high-risk NDMM who are eligible for transplant has not been thoroughly explored. Objective To examine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient health and survival outcomes associated with GC012F in individuals with NDMM. Design, Setting, and Participants Patients were enrolled in this single-arm, open-label phase 1 cohort study between June 28, 2021, and June 1, 2023 (the data cutoff date). All patients included in this study were treated at a single center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. The patients in the efficacy evaluation were followed up for a minimum period of 3 months. Intervention Patients underwent 2 cycles of induction therapy, followed by GC012F infusion (at 1 × 105 cells/kg, 2 × 105 cells/kg, or 3 × 105 cells/kg). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary goals were to assess the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of GC012F at various dose levels. Results Of 22 patients receiving GC012F treatment, 6 experienced mild to moderate cytokine release syndrome (grade 1-2) and none experienced neurotoxic effects. Nineteen patients were included in the efficacy evaluation, and all 19 patients showed stringent complete responses and achieved minimal residual disease negativity. The treatment's effectiveness was consistent across different dose levels. GC012F demonstrated a rapid response, with a median time to first stringent complete response of 84 days (range, 26-267 days) and achieving minimal residual disease negativity within 28 days (range, 23-135 days). The CAR T-cell expansion was robust, with a median peak copy number of 60 652 copies/μg genomic DNA (range, 8754-331 159 copies/μg genomic DNA), and the median time to median peak copy number was 10 days (range, 9-14 days). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this single-arm, open-label phase 1 cohort study suggest that GC012F may be a safe treatment associated with positive health and survival outcomes for patients with high-risk NDMM eligible for transplant. Owing to the small sample size, further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up durations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Qiang
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchun Jia
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Gracell Biotechnologies Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Fan
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqi Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Gracell Biotechnologies Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lihong Weng
- Gracell Biotechnologies Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Gracell Biotechnologies Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenling Li
- Gracell Biotechnologies Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Sun F, Cheng Y, Wanchai V, Guo W, Mery D, Xu H, Gai D, Siegel E, Bailey C, Ashby C, Al Hadidi S, Schinke C, Thanendrarajan S, Ma Y, Yi Q, Orlowski RZ, Zangari M, van Rhee F, Janz S, Bishop G, Tricot G, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F. Bispecific BCMA/CD24 CAR-T cells control multiple myeloma growth. Nat Commun 2024; 15:615. [PMID: 38242888 PMCID: PMC10798961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-multiple myeloma B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies represent a promising treatment strategy with high response rates in myeloma. However, durable cures following anti-BCMA CAR-T cell treatment of myeloma are rare. One potential reason is that a small subset of minimal residual myeloma cells seeds relapse. Residual myeloma cells following BCMA-CAR-T-mediated treatment show less-differentiated features and express stem-like genes, including CD24. CD24-positive myeloma cells represent a large fraction of residual myeloma cells after BCMA-CAR-T therapy. In this work, we develop CD24-CAR-T cells and test their ability to eliminate myeloma cells. We find that CD24-CAR-T cells block the CD24-Siglec-10 pathway, thereby enhancing macrophage phagocytic clearance of myeloma cells. Additionally, CD24-CAR-T cells polarize macrophages to a M1-like phenotype. A dual-targeted BCMA-CD24-CAR-T exhibits improved efficacy compared to monospecific BCMA-CAR-T-cell therapy. This work presents an immunotherapeutic approach that targets myeloma cells and promotes tumor cell clearance by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumou Sun
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Visanu Wanchai
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Wancheng Guo
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - David Mery
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Dongzheng Gai
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Eric Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Clyde Bailey
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Cody Ashby
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Samer Al Hadidi
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Sharmilan Thanendrarajan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Yupo Ma
- iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC, Research & Development Division, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Gail Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa and VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Guido Tricot
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - John D Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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D’Accardo C, Porcelli G, Mangiapane LR, Modica C, Pantina VD, Roozafzay N, Di Franco S, Gaggianesi M, Veschi V, Lo Iacono M, Todaro M, Turdo A, Stassi G. Cancer cell targeting by CAR-T cells: A matter of stemness. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:1055028. [PMID: 39086964 PMCID: PMC11285689 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.1055028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents one of the most innovative immunotherapy approaches. The encouraging results achieved by CAR-T cell therapy in hematological disorders paved the way for the employment of CAR engineered T cells in different types of solid tumors. This adoptive cell therapy represents a selective and efficacious approach to eradicate tumors through the recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Binding of engineered CAR-T cells to TAAs provokes the release of several cytokines, granzyme, and perforin that ultimately lead to cancer cells elimination and patient's immune system boosting. Within the tumor mass a subpopulation of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), plays a crucial role in drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. CAR-T cell therapy has indeed been exploited to target CSCs specific antigens as an effective strategy for tumor heterogeneity disruption. Nevertheless, a barrier to the efficacy of CAR-T cell-based therapy is represented by the poor persistence of CAR-T cells into the hostile milieu of the CSCs niche, the development of resistance to single targeting antigen, changes in tumor and T cell metabolism, and the onset of severe adverse effects. CSCs resistance is corroborated by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes stromal cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and immune cells. The relationship between TME components and CSCs dampens the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. To overcome this challenge, the double strategy based on the use of CAR-T cell therapy in combination with chemotherapy could be crucial to evade immunosuppressive TME. Here, we summarize challenges and limitations of CAR-T cell therapy targeting CSCs, with particular emphasis on the role of TME and T cell metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Narges Roozafzay
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Abdolalizadeh J, Khan H, Philippe J, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR. Cancer stem cell-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy: Challenges and prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1721-1739. [PMID: 34386318 PMCID: PMC8343118 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their self-renewal ability are accepted as cells which initiate tumors. CSCs are regarded as interesting targets for novel anticancer therapeutic agents because of their association with tumor recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are engineered T cells which express an artificial receptor specific for tumor associated antigens (TAAs) by which they accurately target and kill cancer cells. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has shown more efficiency in cancer treatment, particularly regarding blood cancers. The expression of specific markers such as TAAs on CSCs in varied cancer types makes them as potent tools for CAR-T cell therapy. Here we review the CSC markers that have been previously targeted with CAR-T cells, as well as the CSC markers that may be used as possible targets for CAR-T cell therapy in the future. Furthermore, we will detail the most important obstacles against CAR-T cell therapy and suggest solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 77181759111, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jeandet Philippe
- Research Unit “Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection”, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8713781147, Iran
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +98 31 55540022; Tel./fax: +98 21 66419536.
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +98 31 55540022; Tel./fax: +98 21 66419536.
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5
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Hosen N, Yoshihara S, Takamatsu H, Ri M, Nagata Y, Kosugi H, Shimomura Y, Hanamura I, Fuji S, Minauchi K, Kuroda J, Suzuki R, Nishimura N, Uoshima N, Nakamae H, Kawano Y, Mizuno I, Gomyo H, Suzuki K, Ozaki S, Nakamura S, Imai Y, Kizaki M, Negoro E, Handa H, Iida S. Expression of activated integrin β7 in multiple myeloma patients. Int J Hematol 2021; 114:3-7. [PMID: 33999338 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still extremely difficult to cure, and new therapeutic drugs are needed. We recently found that integrin β7 is constitutively activated in MM cells, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting activated integrin β7 have a significant anti-MM effect. In this study, we performed flow cytometry analysis of the expression of activated integrin β7 in bone marrow cells from 137 symptomatic MM patients. In 60/137 (44%) MM patients, activated integrin β7 was detected in most MM cells (> 80% of MM cells were in the positive gate). Activated integrin β7 was highly expressed in MM cells even in heavily treated patients. It also showed high expression in many CD38lo/-CD138-CD19+B cells, which reportedly include clonotypic B cells, in the bone marrow of MM patients. Taken together, these results suggest that CAR T-cell therapy targeting activated integrin β7 has the potential to benefit many patients with relapsed or refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Cellular Immunotherapy, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yoshihara
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagata
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kosugi
- Department of Hematology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Shimomura
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishimura
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Uoshima
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nakamae
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ishikazu Mizuno
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Gomyo
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Imai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kizaki
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiju Negoro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Kanegasaki S, Tsuchiya T. A possible way to prevent the progression of bone lesions in multiple myeloma via Src-homology-region-2-domain-containing-phosphatase-1 activation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1313-1325. [PMID: 33969922 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our recent findings, in which multiple receptor-mediated mast cell functions are regulated via a common signaling cascade, we posit that the formation and functioning of osteoclasts are also controlled by a similar common mechanism. These cells are derived from the same granulocyte/monocyte progenitors and share multiple receptors except those that are cell-specific. In both types of cells, all known receptors reside in lipid rafts, form multiprotein complexes with recruited signaling molecules, and are internalized upon receptor engagement. Signal transduction proceeds in a chain of protein phosphorylations, where adaptor protein LAT (linker-for-activation-of-T-cells) plays a central role. The key kinase that associates LAT phosphorylation and lipid raft internalization is Syk (spleen-tyrosine-kinase) and/or an Src-family-kinase, most probably Lck (lymphocyte-specific-protein-tyrosine-kinase). Dephosphorylation of phosphorylated Syk and Lck by activated SHP-1 (Src-homology-region-2-domain-containing-phosphatase-1) terminates the signal transduction and endocytosis of receptors, resulting in inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and other functions. In malignant plasma cells (MM cells) too, SHP-1 plays a similar indispensable role in controlling signal transduction required for survival and proliferation, though BLNK (B-cell-linker-protein), a functional equivalent of LAT and SLP-76 (SH2-domain-containing-leukocyte-protein-of-76-kDa) in B cells, is used instead of LAT. In both osteoclasts and MM cells, therefore, activated SHP-1 acts negatively in receptor-mediated cellular functions. In osteoblasts, however, activated SHP-1 promotes differentiation, osteocalcin generation, and mineralization by preventing both downregulation of transcription factors, such as Ostrix and Runx2, and degradation of β-catenin required for activation of the transcription factors. SHP-1 is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and micromolar doses (M-dose) of CCRI-ligand-induced SHP-1 activation. Small molecular compounds, such as A770041, Sorafenib, Nitedanib, and Dovitinib, relieve the autoinhibitory conformation. Activation of SHP-1 by M-dose CCRI ligands or the compounds described may prevent the progression of bone lesions in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kanegasaki
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Minchenko ZM, Liubarets TF, Balan VV, Dmytrenko OO, Shlyakhtichenko TY, Moyseyenko VO, Silayev YO, Bebeshko VG. EFFICIENCY OF BONE MARROW PRECURSOR CELL COLONY-FORMING AS A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE COURSE IN PLASMA CELL MYELOMA PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF RADIATION EXPOSURE. PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 25:490-501. [PMID: 33361856 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2020-25-490-501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of role of the bone marrow colony-forming efficiency in plasma cell myeloma patients at different stages of treatment as a prognostic criterion for the disease course. MATERIALS AND METHODS The colony forming efficiency (CFE) was assayed in stage I-II plasma cell myeloma (PCM)patients (n = 37) aged 42-73, namely in patients survived after the Chornobyl NPP accident (n = 21) and persons notexposed to ionizing radiation (n = 16). There were 11 males exposed to ionizing radiation and having got stage I PCM,9 males and 3 females exposed and having got stage II PCM, 3 males and 3 females not exposed and having got stageI PCM, 6 males and 2 females not exposed and having got stage II PCM. Healthy persons (n = 20) were included in thecontrol group. RESULTS Number of the bone marrow (BM) granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in both exposedand not exposed PCM patients depended on a disease stage. CFU-GM was (16.7 ± 1.2) in the stage I PCM patients vs.(11.1 ± 1.1) in the stage II PCM ones both being lower (p < 0.05) compared to control (64.5 ± 2.2). Changes in cluster formation were similar, i.e. (37.7 ± 1.6) and (19.4 ± 1.3) correspondingly in the stage I and stage II PCM patients.Respective values in control were (89.8 ± 3.6). The CFE in stage I and stage II PCM patients at the time of diagnosiswas lower (5.7 ± 1.5 and 2.4 ± 1.1 respectively) vs. control (39.5 ± 1.51, p < 0.05), but has increased in remission upto (29. 6 ± 1.8) and (13.8 ± 1.2) respectively. There was no difference at that between the irradiated and non-irradiated patients. Number of the fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F) in the stage I and stage II PCM patients duringdiagnosis, namely (43.9 ± 5.4) and (22.5 ± 3.7), was lower (p < 0.05) vs. control (110.5 ± 4.9). Upon reaching remission the CFU-F value increased significantly (p < 0.05), reaching (87.4 ± 4.2) and (55.6 ± 2.7) correspondingly in thestage I and stage II PCM patients. CONCLUSION Dependence of the BM cell CFE on the stage of PCM and presence or absence of remission was established. Prognostic value of the CFE of BM CFU-GM in terms of life span of patients was shown (Ro Spearm = 0.39,p < 0.02), namely in case of CFE > 20 before the polychemotherapy administration the life span of PCM patients wassignificantly longer vs. cases of CFE < 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh M Minchenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T F Liubarets
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V V Balan
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O O Dmytrenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T Yu Shlyakhtichenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V O Moyseyenko
- Bogomolets National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 13 Tarasa Shevchenka Blvd., Kyiv, 01601, UkrainePrivate Higher Educational Institution «International Academy of Ecology and Medicine», 121 Kharkivske Hwy., Kyiv, 02000, Ukraine
| | - Yu O Silayev
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V G Bebeshko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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8
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Chen J, Chen JG, Sun B, Wu JH, Du CY. Integrative analysis of immune microenvironment-related CeRNA regulatory axis in gastric cancer. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2020; 17:3953-3971. [PMID: 32987562 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify significant immune microenvironment-related competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) regulatory axis in gastric cancer (GC). Analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was performed for the microarray datasets. After abundance analysis of immune cell's infiltration, immune-related mRNAs and lncRNAs were obtained. Meanwhile, according to the Pearson correlation coefficient between immune-related mRNAs and lncRNAs, the co-expression mRNA-lncRNA pairs were screened. Furthermore, the target genes of co-existance miRNAs were predicted, and miRNA-lncRNA pairs were identified. Finally, the lncRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA relationship regulated by the same miRNA was screened. Combining with the co-expression relationship between lncRNA and mRNA, the CeRNA network was constructed. In abundance analysis of immune cell's infiltration, a total of eight immune cells were obtained, in addition, 83 immune-related DElncRNAs and 705 immune-related DEmRNAs were screened. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these mRNAs were mainly involved in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and human papillomavirus infection, while lncRNA were relevant to gastric acid secretion. A total of 25 miRNAs were significantly associated with immune-related mRNAs, such as hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-17-5p, and hsa-miR-25-3p. From the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA CeRNA network, we observed that AC104389.28─miR-17-5─SMAD5 axis and LINC01133─miR-17-5p─PBLD axis played a crucial role in the development of GC. Furthermore, resting memory CD4 T cells and plasma cells were closely associated with the pathogenesis of GC, and these immune cells might be affected by the key genes. The present study identified key genes that associated with immune microenvironment in GC, providing potential molecular targets for immunotherapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Gui Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiang Hong Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun Yan Du
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2020; 111:530-534. [PMID: 31981097 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, an immunotherapy using gene-modified T cells, has recently made a big success. CAR T cells targeting CD19 is highly effective against B cell malignancies. Next good target for CAR T therapy is multiple myeloma. B cell maturation antigen has been proved to be a good target for CAR T cell therapy in early-phase clinical trials. We are also developing CAR T cells targeting a protein conformation that is preferentially detected in myeloma cells. In this review, I will summarize the state of art in the field of CAR T cell therapy against myeloma, and also present our effort to develop a new CAR T cell therapy.
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10
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Hasegawa K, Hosen N. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for multiple myeloma. Inflamm Regen 2019; 39:10. [PMID: 31171941 PMCID: PMC6547554 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a new cancer immunotherapy targeting cancer-specific cell surface antigen. CD19-CAR T cells have been already shown to be very effective to B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Now, many researchers are developing CAR T cells for multiple myeloma. CAR T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) showed promising efficacy in early phase clinical trials. We have recently reported that CAR T cells targeting the activated integrin β7 can selectively eradicate MM cells including CD19+ clonotypic B cells and are preparing a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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11
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Dolgova EV, Petrova DD, Proskurina AS, Ritter GS, Kisaretova PE, Potter EA, Efremov YR, Bayborodin SI, Karamysheva TV, Romanenko MV, Netesov SV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. Identification of the xenograft and its ascendant sphere-forming cell line as belonging to EBV-induced lymphoma, and characterization of the status of sphere-forming cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:120. [PMID: 31080361 PMCID: PMC6503443 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have characterized the human cell line arised from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive multiple myeloma aspirate subjected to the long-term cultivation. This cell line has acquired the ability to form free-floating spheres and to produce a xenograft upon transplantation into NOD/SCID mice. METHODS Cells from both in vitro culture and developed xenografts were investigated with a number of analytical approaches, including pathomorphological analysis, FISH analysis, and analysis of the surface antigens and of the VDJ locus rearrangement. RESULTS The obtained results, as well as the confirmed presence of EBV, testify that both biological systems are derived from B-cells, which, in turn, is a progeny of the EBV-transformed B-cellular clone that supplanted the primordial multiple myeloma cells. Next we assessed whether cells that (i) were constantly present in vitro in the investigated cell line, (ii) were among the sphere-forming cells, and (iii) were capable of internalizing a fluorescent TAMRA-labeled DNA probe (TAMRA+ cells) belonged to one of the three types of undifferentiated bone marrow cells of a multiple myeloma patient: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells, and clonotypic multiple myeloma cell. CONCLUSION TAMRA+ cells were shown to constitute the fourth independent subpopulation of undifferentiated bone marrow cells of the multiple myeloma patient. We have demonstrated the formation of ectopic contacts between TAMRA+ cells and cells of other types in culture, in particular with CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells, followed by the transfer of some TAMRA+ cell material into the contacted cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | | | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Polina E. Kisaretova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Bayborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Karamysheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | | | | | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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12
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Zheleznyak A, Shokeen M, Achilefu S. Nanotherapeutics for multiple myeloma. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1526. [PMID: 29701006 PMCID: PMC6185771 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an age-related hematological malignancy with an estimated 30,000 new cases and 13,000 deaths per year. A disease of antibody-secreting malignant plasma B-cells that grow primarily in the bone marrow (BM), MM causes debilitating fractures, anemia, renal failure, and hypercalcemia. In addition to the abnormal genetic profile of MM cells, the permissive BM microenvironment (BMM) supports MM pathogenesis. Although advances in treatment options have significantly enhanced survival in MM patients, transient perfusion of small-molecule drugs in the BM does not provide sufficient residence to enhance MM cell-drug interaction, thus allowing some myeloma cells to escape the first line of treatment. As such, there remains a crucial need to develop advanced drug delivery systems that can navigate the complex BMM and effectively reach the myeloma cells. The high vascular density and spongy nature of bone structure suggest that nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as smart drug-delivery systems capable of extravasation and retention in various BM compartments to exert a durable therapeutic effect. In this focus article, we first summarize the pathophysiology of MM, emphasizing how the BM niche presents serious challenges for effective treatment of MM with small-molecule drugs. We then pivot to current efforts to develop NP-based drug carriers and intrinsically therapeutic nanotherapeutics. The article concludes with a brief perspective on the opportunities and challenges in developing and translating nanotherapeutics to improve the treatment outcomes of MM patients. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Departments of Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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13
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Xu YH, Sun LG, Sun C, Bai O, Liang TT, Ma KW. Anterior mediastinum invasion by multiple myeloma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2637-2641. [PMID: 28454444 PMCID: PMC5403540 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) that secretes monoclonal paraproteins in the blood serum and urine. Bone marrow MM cells can invade and damage the functions of other tissues and organs, such as the lungs, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidneys and lymph nodes. However, the invasion of MM cells primarily located in the BM to the anterior mediastinum at the site of the thymus is an extremely rare event. The current study reports the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with MM with involvement of the anterior mediastinum. The diagnosis was based on clinical imaging analyses and the results from BM and laboratory examinations, local biopsy pathology and immunohistochemistry. The patient was administered two courses of chemotherapy (epirubicin, dexamethasone and thalidomide). As a result, the tumor reduced in size, but the laboratory examination indicated no significant change. Next, the patient was switched to one course of PAD chemotherapy (bortezomib, epirubicin and dexamethasone). The original tumor was significantly reduced in size following this chemotherapy, and all the indicators improved. The present study suggests that invasion of the thymus by MM may lead to immune disturbance arising from the abnormal thymus gland. In the clinic, extramedullary plasmacytoma in the thymus should be carefully distinguished from thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Xu
- Cancer Centre of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Guo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Cancer Centre of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ou Bai
- Cancer Centre of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Liang
- Cancer Centre of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Ma
- Cancer Centre of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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14
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Johnsen HE, Bøgsted M, Schmitz A, Bødker JS, El-Galaly TC, Johansen P, Valent P, Zojer N, Van Valckenborgh E, Vanderkerken K, van Duin M, Sonneveld P, Perez-Andres M, Orfao A, Dybkær K. The myeloma stem cell concept, revisited: from phenomenology to operational terms. Haematologica 2016; 101:1451-1459. [PMID: 27903712 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.138826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the myeloma stem cell may have important therapeutic implications, yet its demonstration has been hampered by a lack of consistency in terms and definitions. Here, we summarize the current documentation and propose single-cell in vitro studies for future translational studies. By the classical approach, a CD19-/CD45low/-/CD38high/CD138+ malignant plasma cell, but not the CD19+/CD38low/- memory B cell compartment, is enriched for tumorigenic cells that initiate myeloma in xenografted immunodeficient mice, supporting that myeloma stem cells are present in the malignant PC compartment. Using a new approach, analysis of c-DNA libraries from CD19+/CD27+/CD38- single cells has identified clonotypic memory B cell, suggested to be the cell of origin. This is consistent with multiple myeloma being a multistep hierarchical process before or during clinical presentation. We anticipate that further characterization will require single cell geno- and phenotyping combined with clonogenic assays. To implement such technologies, we propose a revision of the concept of a myeloma stem cell by including operational in vitro assays to describe the cellular components of origin, initiation, maintenance, and evolution of multiple myeloma. These terms are in accordance with recent (2012) consensus statements on the definitions, assays, and nomenclature of cancer stem cells, which is technically precise without completely abolishing established terminology. We expect that this operational model will be useful for future reporting of parameters used to identify and characterize the multiple myeloma stem cells. We strongly recommend that these parameters include validated standard technologies, reproducible assays, and, most importantly, supervised prospective sampling of selected biomaterial which reflects clinical stages, disease spectrum, and therapeutic outcome. This framework is key to the characterization of the cellular architecture of multiple myeloma and its use in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Johnsen
- Department of Haematology Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark .,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,The Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Haematology Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,The Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,The Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Preben Johansen
- Department of Hematopathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Valent
- The Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Zojer
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, First Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology and Hematology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center, Vrije University Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center, Vrije University Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Perez-Andres
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Spain
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Haematology Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,The Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
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15
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Furukawa Y, Kikuchi J. Epigenetic mechanisms of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:281-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Dolgova EV, Shevela EY, Tyrinova TV, Minkevich AM, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Orishchenko KE, Zavjalov EL, Bayborodin SI, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Pronkina NV, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. Nonadherent Spheres With Multiple Myeloma Surface Markers Contain Cells that Contribute to Sphere Formation and Are Capable of Internalizing Extracellular Double-Stranded DNA. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:563-576. [PMID: 27431933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most prominent features of cancer stem cells are asymmetric cell division, tumorigenicity, and clonogenicity. Recently one more feature of poorly differentiated cell types of various origin, including cancer stem cells, has been described. Namely, these cells can internalize extracellular DNA natively, without additional transfection procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using our approach to trace internalization of a TAMRA (carboxy tetramethyl-rhodamine [fluorescent dye])-DNA labeled probe by poorly differentiated cell types, we isolated and characterized the cells from free-floating spheres derived from the bone marrow clonogenic aspirate of a multiple myeloma patient. RESULTS Nonadherent spheres display a B-cell phenotype (CD73/CD20+/CD45+/CD19dim). Further, free-floating spheres contain 1% to 3% cells with a clonogenic potential, and these cells display a marker of poorly differentiated cell types (TAMRA+). Upon association with a group of ∼ 10 free-floating TAMRA- cells, this peculiar cell type forms a sphere-forming cluster that initiates secondary aggregation of cells into a spheric structure. TAMRA+ and TAMRA- cells secrete distinct sets of cytokines indicative of the paracrine regulation. Grafting experiments of intact whole spheres versus cell suspensions prepared from dispersed spheres indicate that successful engraftment only occurs in the former case. CONCLUSION Nonadherent 3-D cell colonies (spheres) encompass B cells with CD73/CD20+/CD45+/CD19dim phenotype, as well as double-stranded DNA-internalizing cells. The latter cell type appears to function as a sphere-forming center. Different cells in the spheres communicate with each other by secreting specific sets of cytokines. For successful engraftment and tumor growth in mice, intact spheres containing ∼ 106 cells must be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ya Shevela
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara V Tyrinova
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra M Minkevich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin E Orishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy L Zavjalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey I Bayborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy P Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Pronkina
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Ostanin
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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17
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy in which significant advances have been observed during the last 15 years. Our understanding of the disease has been advanced through its molecular characterization. We have also seen improvements in patient care with the development of 2 new classes of active agents, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), resulting in a significant improvement in overall survival of myeloma patients such that it can now be debated as to whether some subsets of myeloma patients can be cured. However, the advances in our understanding of myeloma biology occurred in parallel with advances in treatment as opposed to being directly informed by the research. Moreover, the molecular characterization of malignant plasma cells would not have predicted the effectiveness of these novel therapies.We hypothesize that proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs are highly active because malignant plasma cells are constrained by many of the characteristics of their normal counterparts and these novel therapies target both normal plasma cell biology and the cancer biology of myeloma. Thus, a better understanding of normal plasma cell biology will likely yield as many actionable targets as mapping the genomic landscape of this disease.
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18
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Karadimitris A, Chaidos A, Caputo V, Goudevenou K, Ponnusamy K, Xiao X. Myeloma Propagating Cells, Drug Resistance and Relapse. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3205-11. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Goudevenou
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Kanagaraju Ponnusamy
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London United Kingdom
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19
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Wong SW, Comenzo RL. CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:635-45. [PMID: 26443328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide historical, recent preclinical, and current clinical summaries of efforts to understand the CD38 molecule and to develop monoclonal antibodies that target it. We focus particularly on efforts involving multiple myeloma, a malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells that remains incurable despite many advances. An era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy for myeloma is approaching, one that, we hope, will enable patients to live longer and better lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy W Wong
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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20
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Yoshida T, Georgopoulos K. Ikaros fingers on lymphocyte differentiation. Int J Hematol 2014; 100:220-9. [PMID: 25085254 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ikaros family of DNA-binding proteins are critical regulators of lymphocyte differentiation. In multipotent, hematopoietic progenitors, Ikaros supports transcriptional priming of genes promoting lymphocyte differentiation. Ikaros targets the Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase (NuRD) complex to lymphoid lineage genes, thereby increasing chromatin accessibility and transcriptional priming. After lymphoid lineage specification, Ikaros expression is raised to levels characteristic of intermediate B cell and T cell precursors, which is necessary to support maturation and prevent leukemogenesis. Loss of Ikaros in T cell precursors allows the NuRD complex to repress lymphocyte genes and extends its targeting to genes that support growth and proliferation, causing their activation and triggering a cascade of events that leads to leukemogenesis. Loss of Ikaros in B cell precursors blocks differentiation and perpetuates stromal adhesion by enhancing integrin signaling. The combination of integrin and cytokine signaling in Ikaros-deficient pre-B cells promotes their survival and self-renewal. The stages of lymphocyte differentiation that are highly dependent on Ikaros are underscored by changes in Ikaros transcription, supported by a complex network of stage-specific regulatory networks that converge upon the Ikzf1 locus. It is increasingly apparent that understanding the regulatory networks that operate upstream and downstream of Ikaros is critical not only for our understanding of normal lymphopoiesis, but also in placing the right finger on the mechanisms that support hematopoietic malignancies in mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Yoshida
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Bldg.149-3, 13th st, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA,
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the US. Treatments utilizing alkylating agents, corticosteroids, proteasome inhibitors, and immunomodulatory drugs have resulted in significant survival benefits, however, despite the advances, relapse is inevitable. Decreased depth and duration of response obtained with each successive relapse of disease is typical of the disease course, thereby highlighting a continuing need for new treatment options. With the introduction of monoclonal antibodies for multiple myeloma, new options for treatment in the relapsed setting are on the horizon. Among the new immunologic agents is daratumumab (DARA), a humanized antibody to CD38 with potent multifaceted antitumor activity. Phase I and II clinical trials have demonstrated significant reduction in serum M-protein and bone marrow plasma cell percentage in refractory patients, with an acceptable toxicity profile. Moreover, ex vivo studies have shown that DARA may be particularly useful in combination with currently used anti-myeloma agents. With a recent breakthrough drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration, DARA shows promise as mono- and combination therapy for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Khagi
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomer M Mark
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Next-generation sequencing of peripheral B-lineage cells pinpoints the circulating clonotypic cell pool in multiple myeloma. Blood 2014; 123:3618-21. [PMID: 24753536 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-556746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of the proliferative compartment of myeloma progenitor cells remains a matter of debate. Polymerase chain reaction-based studies suggested pre-switch "clonotypic" B cells sharing the immunoglobulin (Ig) rearrangement of the malignant plasma cell (M-PC), to circulate in the blood and possess stem cell-like properties. Here, we disprove this hypothesis. We screened peripheral blood IgM, IgG, and IgA repertoires of myeloma patients for the clonotypic rearrangement by next-generation sequencing. None of 12 cases showed pre-switch clonotypic transcripts. In the post-switch IgG/IgA repertoires, however, the clonotypic rearrangement was detected at high frequency in 6 of 8 patients with active disease, whereas it was undetectable after treatment, correlating with flow cytometric presence or absence of circulating M-PCs. Minor subclones with alternative post-switch isotypes suggested ongoing switch events and clonal evolution at the M-PC level. Our findings consistently show an absence of pre-switch clonotypic B cells, while M-PCs circulate in the peripheral blood and may contribute to spreading of the disease.
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Laubach JP, Tai YT, Richardson PG, Anderson KC. Daratumumab granted breakthrough drug status. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:445-52. [PMID: 24555809 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.889681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite important recent advances in treatment due to its inherent resistance, characterized by highly complex and heterogeneous molecular abnormalities, as well as the support from myeloma bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. A novel therapeutic strategy that effectively targets specific molecules on myeloma cells and also potentially overcomes tumor microenvironment-mediated drug resistance and the downstream effects of genetic instability is thus urgently needed. Over the last 2 years, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab (DARA) has emerged as a breakthrough targeted therapy for patients with MM. Early-stage clinical trials have found DARA to be safe and to have encouraging clinical activity as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide in heavily pretreated, relapsed patients in whom other novel agents (such as bortezomib, thalidomide and lenalidomide) as well as stem cell transplant has already failed. DARA may, therefore, be the first mAb with significant anti-MM activity both as a monotherapy and in combination. It is currently being further evaluated both alone and in combination with conventional and novel anti-MM agents as part of prospective clinical trials. This review discusses the preclinical and clinical development of DARA, its pathophysiological basis, and its prospects for future use in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Laubach
- Medical Oncologist, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Je Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center , 450 Brookline Ave., Mayer 556, Boston, MA 02215 , USA
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24
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Tooze RM. A replicative self-renewal model for long-lived plasma cells: questioning irreversible cell cycle exit. Front Immunol 2013; 4:460. [PMID: 24385976 PMCID: PMC3866514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells are heterogenous in terms of their origins, secretory products, and lifespan. A current paradigm is that cell cycle exit in plasma cell differentiation is irreversible, following a pattern familiar in short-lived effector populations in other hemopoietic lineages. This paradigm no doubt holds true for many plasma cells whose lifespan can be measured in days following the completion of differentiation. Whether this holds true for long-lived bone marrow plasma cells that are potentially maintained for the lifespan of the organism is less apparent. Added to this the mechanisms that establish and maintain cell cycle quiescence in plasma cells are incompletely defined. Gene expression profiling indicates that in the transition of human plasmablasts to long-lived plasma cells a range of cell cycle regulators are induced in a pattern that suggests a quiescence program with potential for cell cycle re-entry. Here a model of relative quiescence with the potential for replicative self-renewal amongst long-lived plasma cells is explored. The implications of such a mechanism would be diverse, and the argument is made here that current evidence is not sufficiently strong that the possibility should be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK ; Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , UK
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Morgenroth A, Vogg ATJ, Zlatopolskiy BD, Siluschek M, Oedekoven C, Mottaghy FM. Breaking the invulnerability of cancer stem cells: two-step strategy to kill the stem-like cell subpopulation of multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:144-53. [PMID: 24174494 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, the presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) that are responsible for tumor metastasis and relapse has been proven. Evidently, for achieving complete response, new therapeutic paradigms that effectively eradicate both, CSCs and bulk cancer populations, need to be developed. For achieving that goal, an innovative two-step treatment combining targeting of thymidine de novo synthesis pathway and a nanoirradiation by the Auger electron emitting thymidine analogue (123/125)I-5-iodo-4'-thio-2'-deoxyuridine ((123/125)I-ITdU) could be a promising approach. The pretreatment with thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd, 1 μmol/L for 1 hour) efficiently induced proliferation and terminal differentiation of isolated myeloma stem-like cells. Moreover, FdUrd stimulation led to a decreased activity of a functional CSC marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The metabolic conditioning by FdUrd emerged to be essential for enhanced incorporation of (125)I-ITdU (incubation with 50 kBq/2 × 10(4) cells for 4 days) and, consequently, for the induction of irreparable DNA damage. (125)I-ITdU showed a pronounced antimyeloma effect on isolated tumor stem-like cells. More than 85% of the treated cells were apoptotic, despite activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Most important, exposure of metabolically conditioned cells to (125)I-ITdU resulted in a complete inhibition of clonogenic recovery. This is the first report showing that pretreatment with FdUrd sensitizes the stem-like cell compartment in multiple myeloma to apoptosis induced by (125)I-ITdU-mediated nanoirradiation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Corresponding Author: Agnieszka Morgenroth, Department for Nuclear Medicine, University Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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