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Khelfa M, Leclerc M, Kerbrat S, Boudjemai YNS, Benchouaia M, Neyrinck-Leglantier D, Cagnet L, Berradhia L, Tamagne M, Croisille L, Pirenne F, Maury S, Vingert B. Divergent CD4 + T-cell profiles are associated with anti-HLA alloimmunization status in platelet-transfused AML patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165973. [PMID: 37701444 PMCID: PMC10493329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the commonest hematologic disorders. Due to the high frequency of disease- or treatment-related thrombocytopenia, AML requires treatment with multiple platelet transfusions, which can trigger a humoral response directed against platelets. Some, but not all, AML patients develop an anti-HLA immune response after multiple transfusions. We therefore hypothesized that different immune activation profiles might be associated with anti-HLA alloimmunization status. Methods We tested this hypothesis, by analyzing CD4+ T lymphocyte (TL) subsets and their immune control molecules in flow cytometry and single-cell multi-omics. Results A comparison of immunological status between anti-HLA alloimmunized and non-alloimmunized AML patients identified differences in the phenotype and function of CD4+ TLs. CD4+ TLs from alloimmunized patients displayed features of immune activation, with higher levels of CD40 and OX40 than the cells of healthy donors. However, the most notable differences were observed in non-alloimmunized patients. These patients had lower levels of CD40 and OX40 than alloimmunized patients and higher levels of PD1. Moreover, the Treg compartment of non-alloimmunized patients was larger and more functional than that in alloimmunized patients. These results were supported by a multi-omics analysis of immune response molecules in conventional CD4+ TLs, Tfh circulating cells, and Tregs. Discussion Our results thus reveal divergent CD4+ TL characteristics correlated with anti-HLA alloimmunization status in transfused AML patients. These differences, characterizing CD4+ TLs independently of any specific antigen, should be taken into account when considering the immune responses of patients to infections, vaccinations, or transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khelfa
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service d’Hématologie clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Stéphane Kerbrat
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Plateforme de Génomique, Créteil, France
| | | | - Médine Benchouaia
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Plateforme de Génomique, Créteil, France
| | - Déborah Neyrinck-Leglantier
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Léonie Cagnet
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Lylia Berradhia
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marie Tamagne
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - France Pirenne
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service d’Hématologie clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Benoît Vingert
- Établissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Équipe Pirenne, Créteil, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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D’Silva SZ, Singh M, Pinto AS. NK cell defects: implication in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112059. [PMID: 37228595 PMCID: PMC10203541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a complex disease with rapid progression and poor/unsatisfactory outcomes. In the past few years, the focus has been on developing newer therapies for AML; however, relapse remains a significant problem. Natural Killer cells have strong anti-tumor potential against AML. This NK-mediated cytotoxicity is often restricted by cellular defects caused by disease-associated mechanisms, which can lead to disease progression. A stark feature of AML is the low/no expression of the cognate HLA ligands for the activating KIR receptors, due to which these tumor cells evade NK-mediated lysis. Recently, different Natural Killer cell therapies have been implicated in treating AML, such as the adoptive NK cell transfer, Chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK (CAR-NK) cell therapy, antibodies, cytokine, and drug treatment. However, the data available is scarce, and the outcomes vary between different transplant settings and different types of leukemia. Moreover, remission achieved by some of these therapies is only for a short time. In this mini-review, we will discuss the role of NK cell defects in AML progression, particularly the expression of different cell surface markers, the available NK cell therapies, and the results from various preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Z. D’Silva
- Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Andrea S. Pinto
- Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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Dendritic Cell-Triggered Immune Activation Goes along with Provision of (Leukemia-Specific) Integrin Beta 7-Expressing Immune Cells and Improved Antileukemic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010463. [PMID: 36613907 PMCID: PMC9820538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin beta 7 (β7), a subunit of the integrin receptor, is expressed on the surface of immune cells and mediates cell-cell adhesions and interactions, e.g., antitumor or autoimmune reactions. Here, we analyzed, whether the stimulation of immune cells by dendritic cells (of leukemic derivation in AML patients or of monocyte derivation in healthy donors) leads to increased/leukemia-specific β7 expression in immune cells after T-cell-enriched mixed lymphocyte culture-finally leading to improved antileukemic cytotoxicity. Healthy, as well as AML and MDS patients' whole blood (WB) was treated with Kit-M (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) + prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)) or Kit-I (GM-CSF + Picibanil) in order to generate DCs (DCleu or monocyte-derived DC), which were then used as stimulator cells in MLC. To quantify antigen/leukemia-specific/antileukemic functionality, a degranulation assay (DEG), an intracellular cytokine assay (INTCYT) and a cytotoxicity fluorolysis assay (CTX) were used. (Leukemia-specific) cell subtypes were quantified via flow cytometry. The Kit treatment of WB (compared to the control) resulted in the generation of DC/DCleu, which induced increased activation of innate and adaptive cells after MLC. Kit-pretreated WB (vs. the control) led to significantly increased frequencies of β7-expressing T-cells, degranulating and intracellular cytokine-producing β7-expressing immune cells and, in patients' samples, increased blast lysis. Positive correlations were found between the Kit-M-mediated improvement of blast lysis (vs. the control) and frequencies of β7-expressing T-cells. Our findings indicate that DC-based immune therapies might be able to specifically activate the immune system against blasts going along with increased frequencies of (leukemia-specific) β7-expressing immune cells. Furthermore, β7 might qualify as a predictor for the efficiency and the success of AML and/or MDS therapies.
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Ren Z, Huang X, Lv Q, Lei Y, Shi H, Wang F, Wang M. High expression of B4GALT1 is associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Genet 2022; 13:882004. [PMID: 36568388 PMCID: PMC9780537 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.882004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is the most prevalent type of leukemia in adults and is prone to relapse and chemoresistance, with a low long-term survival rate. Therefore, the identification of quality biomarkers constitutes an urgent unmet need. High expression of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) has been observed in several cancer types; however, its function in acute myeloid leukemia has rarely been studied. Therefore, our study obtained gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze the relationship between B4GALT1 and LAML. We compared the expression of B4GALT1 in LAML and healthy samples using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Furthermore, the association between B4GALT1 and survival rates was investigated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. The nomogram obtained by Cox analysis predicts the effect of B4GALT1 on the prognosis. To assess B4GALT1-related genes' enrichment pathway and function and the correlation between B4GALT1 and immune features, GO/KEGG, protein-protein interaction network, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis were used. In addition, B4GALT1-specific siRNAs were used to verify the effect of B4GALT1 on apoptosis. The results showed that B4GALT1 is overexpressed in LAML and has some reference value in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of LAML. Moreover, functional enrichment showed that B4GALT1 and its 63 associated genes were closely associated with the negative regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. Silencing B4GALT1 significantly promoted apoptosis. In addition, B4GALT1 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of macrophages, regulatory T-cell (Tregs), and Th17 cells; in contrast, B4GALT1 expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration levels of T helper cells, Mast cells, and NK cells. In conclusion, our study shows that B4GALT1 may play a vital role in the occurrence of LAML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ren
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Lv
- School of Nursing and Health, Hennan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiming Lei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiqiang Shi
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fanping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,*Correspondence: Fanping Wang, ; Mingyong Wang,
| | - Mingyong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,*Correspondence: Fanping Wang, ; Mingyong Wang,
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Hino C, Pham B, Park D, Yang C, Nguyen MH, Kaur S, Reeves ME, Xu Y, Nishino K, Pu L, Kwon SM, Zhong JF, Zhang KK, Xie L, Chong EG, Chen CS, Nguyen V, Castillo DR, Cao H. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Future of Immunotherapy and Natural Products. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061410. [PMID: 35740430 PMCID: PMC9219790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the development, proliferation, and survival of leukemic blasts in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Within the bone marrow and peripheral blood, various phenotypically and functionally altered cells in the TME provide critical signals to suppress the anti-tumor immune response, allowing tumor cells to evade elimination. Thus, unraveling the complex interplay between AML and its microenvironment may have important clinical implications and are essential to directing the development of novel targeted therapies. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of the AML TME and its ramifications on current immunotherapeutic strategies. We further review the role of natural products in modulating the TME to enhance response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Bryan Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Daniel Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco–Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA;
| | - Chieh Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Michael H.K. Nguyen
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Simmer Kaur
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Mark E. Reeves
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Kevin Nishino
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Lu Pu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Sue Min Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Jiang F. Zhong
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Ke K. Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.Z.); (L.X.)
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.Z.); (L.X.)
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Esther G. Chong
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Dan Ran Castillo
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Huynh Cao
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.C.); (H.C.)
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Regulatory T cells promote the stemness of leukemia stem cells through IL10 cytokine-related signaling pathway. Leukemia 2022; 36:403-415. [PMID: 34381181 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) could maintain the characteristics of stem cells and inhibit the differentiation of normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Recent studies have shown that Tregs, as an important component of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microenvironments, can help AML cells to evade immune surveillance. However, their function in directly regulating the stemness of AML cells remains elusive. In this study, the increased stemness of AML cells promoted by Tregs was verified in vitro and in vivo. The cytokines released by Tregs were explored, the highly expressed anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 was found, which could promote the stemness of AML cells through the activation of PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Moreover, disrupting the IL10/IL10R/PI3K/AKT signal in AML/ETO c-kitmut (A/Ec) leukemia mice could prolong the mice survival and reduce the stemness of A/Ec leukemia cells. Finally, it was confirmed in patient samples that the proportion of Tregs to leukemia stem cells (LSCs) was positively correlated, and in CD34+ primary AML cells, the activation of PI3K/AKT was stronger in patients with high Tregs' infiltration. After rhIL10 treatment, primary AML cells showed increased activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Therefore, blocking the interaction between Tregs and AML cells may be a new approach to target LSCs in AML treatment.
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Emerging Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Driven Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Tangle or Chance? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215319. [PMID: 34771483 PMCID: PMC8582363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite high rates of remission obtained with conventional chemotherapy, the persistence of leukemic cells after treatments, eventually exiting in disease relapse, remains the main challenge in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Increasing evidence indicates that, besides AML cell mutations, stromal and immune cells, as leukemic microenvironment components, may protect AML cells from therapies. Here, we will recapitulate emerging bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-dependent mechanisms of therapy resistance. The understanding of these processes will help find new drug combinations and conceive novel and more effective treatments. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been considered for a long time exclusively driven by critical mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, the contribution of further players, such as stromal and immune bone marrow (BM) microenvironment components, to AML onset and progression has been pointed out. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) steadily remodel the leukemic niche, not only favoring leukemic cell growth and development but also tuning their responsiveness to treatments. The list of mechanisms driven by MSCs to promote a leukemia drug-resistant phenotype has progressively expanded. Moreover, the relative proportion and the activation status of immune cells in the BM leukemic microenvironment may vary by influencing their reactivity against leukemic cells. In that, the capacity of the stroma to re-program immune cells, thus promoting and/or hampering therapeutic efficacy, is emerging as a crucial aspect in AML biology, adding an extra layer of complexity. Current treatments for AML have mainly focused on eradicating leukemia cells, with little consideration for the leukemia-damaged BM niche. Increasing evidence on the contribution of stromal and immune cells in response to therapy underscores the need to hold the mutual interplay, which takes place in the BM. A careful dissection of these interactions will help provide novel applications for drugs already under experimentation and open a wide array of opportunities for new drug discovery.
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Paving the Way for Immunotherapy in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Knowledge and the Way Forward. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174364. [PMID: 34503174 PMCID: PMC8431730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy may be an attractive treatment option to increase survival, and to reduce treatment-related side effects, for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While immunotherapies have shown successes in many cancer types, the development and subsequent clinical implementation have proven difficult in pediatric AML. To expedite the development of immunotherapy, it will be crucial to understand which pediatric AML patients are likely to respond to immunotherapies. Emerging research in solid malignancies has shown that the number and phenotype of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is predictive of response to several types of immunotherapies. Such a predictive model may also be applicable for AML and, thus, knowledge on the immune cells infiltrating the bone marrow environment is needed. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge on these infiltrating immune cells in pediatric AML, as well as ongoing immunotherapy trials, and provide suggestions concerning the way forward. Abstract Immunotherapeutic agents may be an attractive option to further improve outcomes and to reduce treatment-related toxicity for pediatric AML. While improvements in outcome have been observed with immunotherapy in many cancer types, immunotherapy development and implementation into patient care for both adult and pediatric AML has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the bone marrow environment and a paucity of tumor-specific antigens. Since only a minority of patients respond in most immunotherapy trials across different cancer types, it will be crucial to understand which children with AML are likely to respond to or may benefit from immunotherapies. Immune cell profiling efforts hold promise to answer this question, as illustrated by the development of predictive scores in solid cancers. Such information on the number and phenotype of immune cells during current treatment regimens will be pivotal to generate hypotheses on how and when to intervene with immunotherapy in pediatric AML. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the number and phenotype of immune cells in the bone marrow in pediatric AML, ongoing immunotherapy trials and how comprehensive immune profiling efforts may pave the way for successful clinical trials (and, ultimately, implementation into patient care).
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Swatler J, Turos-Korgul L, Kozlowska E, Piwocka K. Immunosuppressive Cell Subsets and Factors in Myeloid Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061203. [PMID: 33801964 PMCID: PMC7998753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Effector immune system cells have the ability to kill tumor cells. However, as a cancer (such as leukemia) develops, it inhibits and evades the effector immune response. Such a state of immunosuppression can be driven by several factors – receptors, soluble cytokines, as well as by suppressive immune cells. In this review, we describe factors and cells that constitute immunosuppressive microenvironment of myeloid leukemias. We characterize factors of direct leukemic origin, such as inhibitory receptors, enzymes and extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we describe suppressive immune cells, such as myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. Finally, we sum up changes in these drivers of immune evasion in myeloid leukemias during therapy. Abstract Both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia evade the immune response during their development and disease progression. As myeloid leukemia cells modify their bone marrow microenvironment, they lead to dysfunction of cytotoxic cells, such as CD8+ T cells or NK cells, simultaneously promoting development of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and suppressive myeloid cells. This facilitates disease progression, spreading of leukemic blasts outside the bone marrow niche and therapy resistance. The following review focuses on main immunosuppressive features of myeloid leukemias. Firstly, factors derived directly from leukemic cells – inhibitory receptors, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, are described. Further, we outline function, properties and origin of main immunosuppressive cells - regulatory T cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells and macrophages. Finally, we analyze interplay between recovery of effector immunity and therapeutic modalities, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Swatler
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (L.T.-K.)
| | - Laura Turos-Korgul
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (L.T.-K.)
| | - Ewa Kozlowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (L.T.-K.)
- Correspondence:
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Delia M, Carluccio P, Mestice A, Frappampina R, Albano F, Specchia G, Musto P. After Treatment Decrease of Bone Marrow Tregs and Outcome in Younger Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2134647. [PMID: 33204734 PMCID: PMC7657695 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2134647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of evidence demonstrates that defects in antileukemic effector cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can contribute to the development and/or persistence of the disease. In particular, immune suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) may contribute to this defective antileukemic immune response, being recruited by bone marrow leukemic cells to evade immune surveillance. We evaluated Tregs (CD4+/CD45RA-/CD25high/CD127low), performing multiparametric flow cytometry on freshly collected bone marrow aspirate (BMA), in addition to the usual molecular and cytogenetic work-up in newly diagnosed AML patients to look for any correlation between Tregs and the overall response rate (ORR). We studied 39 AML younger patients (<65 years), all treated with standard induction chemotherapy. ORR (complete remission (CR)+CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi)) was documented in 21 out of 39 patients (54%); two partial responder patients were also recorded. Apart from the expected impact of the molecular-cytogenetic group (p = 0.03) and the NPM mutation (p = 0.05), diagnostic BMA Tregs did not show any correlation with ORR. However, although BMA Tregs did not differ in the study population after treatment, their counts significantly decreased in responder patients (p = 0.039), while no difference was documented in nonresponder ones. This suggested that the removal of Treg cells is able to evoke and enhance anti-AML immune response. However, the role of BMA Tregs in mediating immune system-AML interactions in the diagnostic and posttreatment phase should be confirmed in a greater number of patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Biopsy, Needle
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Disease Management
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- ROC Curve
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Delia
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Carluccio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Frappampina
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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11
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Ocadlikova D, Iannarone C, Redavid AR, Cavo M, Curti A. A Screening of Antineoplastic Drugs for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals Contrasting Immunogenic Effects of Etoposide and Fludarabine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6802. [PMID: 32948017 PMCID: PMC7556041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence demonstrated that the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with daunorubicin (DNR) but not cytarabine (Ara-C) results in immunogenic cell death (ICD). In the clinical setting, chemotherapy including anthracyclines and Ara-C remains a gold standard for AML treatment. In the last decade, etoposide (Eto) and fludarabine (Flu) have been added to the standard treatment for AML to potentiate its therapeutic effect and have been tested in many trials. Very little data are available about the ability of these drugs to induce ICD. METHODS AML cells were treated with all four drugs. Calreticulin and heat shock protein 70/90 translocation, non-histone chromatin-binding protein high mobility group box 1 and adenosine triphosphate release were evaluated. The treated cells were pulsed into dendritic cells (DCs) and used for in vitro immunological tests. RESULTS Flu and Ara-C had no capacity to induce ICD-related events. Interestingly, Eto was comparable to DNR in inducing all ICD events, resulting in DC maturation. Moreover, Flu was significantly more potent in inducing suppressive T regulatory cells compared to other drugs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a novel and until now poorly investigated feature of antineoplastic drugs commonly used for AML treatment, based on their different immunogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Ocadlikova
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.I.); (A.R.R.); (M.C.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Clara Iannarone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.I.); (A.R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Redavid
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.I.); (A.R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cavo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Università degli Studi, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.I.); (A.R.R.); (M.C.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Antonio Curti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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12
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Yu J, Li Y, Pan Y, Liu Y, Xing H, Xie X, Wan D, Jiang Z. Deficient Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells and Differential Expression of miRNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Quantified by Next Generation Sequence. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10969-10982. [PMID: 32099460 PMCID: PMC6997219 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s234327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A new regulatory subpopulation of ILCs, ILCreg has been identified in mouse and human intestines. ILCregs share characteristics with both innate lymphoid cells and regulatory cells; however, the significance of CD45+Lin-CD127+IL-10+ ILCregs in patients with AML remains unclear. Intriguingly, ILCregs constitutively express id2, id3, sox4, tgfbr1, tgfbr2, il2rb and il2rg, but the significance of miRNAs associated with these genes has yet to be explored. In this study, we evaluate ILCreg frequency, ILCreg gene-associated miRNA quantification, and its significance in patients with AML and normal donors. Methods Using 4 color combinations of surface and intracellular antibody staining, the CD45+Lin-CD127+IL-10+ ILCregs from 12 normal donors and 42 patients newly diagnosed with AML were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma samples and bone marrow cells from 6 normal donors and 9 patients with AML were studied by next-generation sequence miRNAs quantification. Results Our results showed that the frequency of ILCregs was 0.8924±1.3791% in bone marrow (BM) cells from normal donors and 0.2434±0.5344% in BM cells from AML patients. The frequency of ILCreg cells in AML patients was significantly lower than that in normal donors (P<0.01). Furthermore, the frequency of the CD45+Lin-CD127+IL-10- subset was 4.0869±6.7701% and 0.2769±0.2526% from normal donors and AML patients, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference of CD45+Lin-CD127+IL-10- cells between normal donors and AML patients (p<0.01). miRNA detection results showed 376 miRNAs from plasma and 182 miRNAs from BM cell samples with expression levels with a statistically significant difference between AML patients and normal donors (both Q and P-value < 0.001). Analysis of miRNAs from ILCregs associated genes including id2, id3, sox4, tgfbr1, tgfbr2, il2rb, and il3rg, from normal donors and AML patients demonstrated 34 miRNA from plasma samples and 14 miRNA segments from BM cell samples with a statistically significant difference between AML patients and normal donors (both Q and P-value <0.001). Among them, 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-1270, hsa-miR-210-3p, and hsa-miR-486-3p) were detected in both plasma and BM cell samples. Conclusion Our study enumerated ILCregs, then measured miRNAs from those ILCregs in AML samples for the first time. The results demonstrated the deficiency of ILCreg and differential expression of miRNAs in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingming Wan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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13
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Immunological and Clinical Impact of Manipulated and Unmanipulated DLI after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation of AML Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010039. [PMID: 31878060 PMCID: PMC7019914 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the preferred curative treatment for several hematological malignancies. The efficacy of allo-SCT depends on the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. However, the prognosis of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allo-SCT is poor. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is utilized after allo-SCT in this setting to prevent relapse, to prolong progression free survival, to establish full donor chimerism and to restore the GvL effect in patients with hematological malignancies. Thus, there are different options for the administration of DLI in AML patients. DLI is currently used prophylactically and in the setting of an overt relapse. In addition, in the minimal residual disease (MRD) setting, DLI may be a possibility to improve overall survival. However, DLI might increase the risk of severe life-threatening complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) as well as severe infections. The transfusion of lymphocytes has been tested not only for the treatment of hematological malignancies but also chronic infections. In this context, manipulated DLI in a prophylactic or therapeutic approach are an option, e.g., virus-specific DLI using different selection methods or antigen-specific DLI such as peptide-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In addition, T cells are also genetically engineered, using both chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) genetically modified T cells and T cell receptor (TCR) genetically modified T cells. T cell therapies in general have the potential to enhance antitumor immunity, augment vaccine efficacy, and limit graft-versus-host disease after allo-SCT. The focus of this review is to discuss the different strategies to use donor lymphocytes after allo-SCT. Our objective is to give an insight into the functional effects of DLI on immunogenic antigen recognition for a better understanding of the mechanisms of DLI. To ultimately increase the GvL potency without raising the risk of GvHD at the same time.
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14
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Wang R, Feng W, Wang H, Wang L, Yang X, Yang F, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang D, Ren Q, Feng X, Zheng G. Blocking migration of regulatory T cells to leukemic hematopoietic microenvironment delays disease progression in mouse leukemia model. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:151-161. [PMID: 31669202 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the migration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the tumor microenvironment is a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Treg accumulation in the leukemic hematopoietic microenvironment (LHME) has adverse impacts on patient outcomes. The mechanism and effective methods of disrupting Treg accumulation in the LHME have not been well established. Here, we studied the distribution and characteristics of Tregs in the LHME, investigated the effects of Treg ablation on leukemia progression, explored the mechanisms leading to Treg accumulation, and studied whether blocking Treg migration to the LHME delayed leukemia progression in MLL-AF9-induced mouse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models using wildtype (WT) and Foxp3DTR/GFP mice. Increased accumulation of more activated Tregs was detected in the LHME. Inducible Treg ablation prolonged the survival of AML mice by promoting the antileukemic effects of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, both local expansion and migration accounted for Treg accumulation in the LHME. Moreover, blocking the CCL3-CCR1/CCR5 and CXCL12-CXCR4 axes inhibited Treg accumulation in the LHME and delayed leukemia progression. Our findings provide laboratory evidence for a potential leukemia immunotherapy by blocking the migration of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dongyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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15
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Ocadlikova D, Lecciso M, Isidori A, Loscocco F, Visani G, Amadori S, Cavo M, Curti A. Chemotherapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death at the Crossroads Between Immunogenicity and Immunotolerance: Focus on Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1004. [PMID: 31649875 PMCID: PMC6794495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors and hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, some chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, have proven to activate an immune response via dendritic cell-based cross-priming of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This process, known as immunogenic cell death, is characterized by a variety of tumor cell modifications, i.e., cell surface translocation of calreticulin, extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate and pro-inflammatory factors, such as high mobility group box 1 proteins. However, in addition to with immunogenic cell death, chemotherapy is known to induce inflammatory modifications within the tumor microenvironment, which may also elicit immunosuppressive pathways. In particular, DCs may be driven to acquire tolerogenic features, such as the overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygensase 1, which may ultimately hamper anti-tumor T-cells via the induction of T regulatory cells. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms and effects by which chemotherapy results in both activation and suppression of anti-tumor immune response. Indeed, a better understanding of the whole process underlying chemotherapy-induced alterations of the immunological tumor microenvironment has important clinical implications to fully exploit the immunogenic potential of anti-leukemia agents and tune their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Ocadlikova
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lecciso
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Isidori
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Federica Loscocco
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Visani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Sergio Amadori
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
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16
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Ahmed HA, Maklad AM, Khaled SAA, Elyamany A. Interleukin-27 and interleukin-35 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia: expression and significance as biological markers. J Blood Med 2019; 10:341-349. [PMID: 31686937 PMCID: PMC6783395 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s221301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES IL27 and IL35 are regulatory T cells (T-regs) related cytokines; they were accused in eukemogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to assess the expression of these cytokines in de novo AML and investigate their role as biomarkers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy newly diagnosed patients with primary AML and 30 matched healthy volunteers were recruited. AML diagnosis was confirmed with flowcytometric and immunophenotypic analyses, while ELISA was used to assess serum levels of IL27 and IL35 in patients and controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to estimate IL27 and IL35 optimum cutoff values for predicting AML. RESULTS Serum levels of both cytokines were significantly higher in AML patients than controls (P<0.001), with no effect of gender or French-American-British subtypes. Significant correlations of IL27 and IL35 with poor prognostic factors and with each other were detected in patients only. IL27 optimum cutoff for predicting AML was >43, AUC (0.926) with a sensitivity 74% and specificity 96.6% (P<0.001), while for IL35>27.8, AUC (0.972) with 88% and 98% sensitivity and specificity, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Conclusively, this study proved that IL27and IL35 could identify AML patients from healthy subjects, and their overexpression denotes poor prognosis. Based on the simplicity and wide availability of their detection technique we recommend the inclusion of IL27 and IL35 in the diagnostic/prognostic workup of AML; however, further longitudinal research is needed to prove their exact prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Maklad
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sohag University Hospitals, Sohag, Egypt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Safaa AA Khaled
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine/Unit of Bone Marrow Transplantation, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Elyamany
- Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
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17
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Liu K, Wu Z, Chu J, Yang L, Wang N. Promoter methylation and expression of SOCS3 affect the clinical outcome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by JAK/STAT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108913. [PMID: 31054507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) has been characterized as one of the most crucial negative regulator in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. However, there are few studies on the relationship between SOCS3 and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study analyzes the influence of SOCS3 expression on the risk and the progression of pediatric ALL and the underlying mechanism. The levels of SOCS3, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, SOCS3 methylation, CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg were detected by PCR, laser confocal microscopy, western blot, bisulfite sequencing and flow cytometry at different progression of ALL. We found that the SOCS3 expression level at initial diagnosis (DG) of ALL patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (HC), while the expression of SOCS3 methylation was opposite. The expression of SOCS3 and SOCS3 methylation were returned to normal in the complete remission (CR) stage, and there were no difference between resistance, relapse and initial diagnosis. The expression of SOCS3 decreased and weakened the inhibition of pSTAT3 expression in DG, resistance and relapse groups. The levels of Treg cells in ALL children were significantly higher than those in the HC children. There was a positive correlation between the expression level of STAT3 and the expression level of Treg cells in children with ALL, while that was negatively correlated with the expression levels of Treg cells. Compared with high-level of SOCS3, the low-level of SOCS3 patients had more high risk factors, as higher WBC counts, LDH level and much more poor prognostic genes. SOCS3 methylation leads to low-expression of SOCS3, which can lead to continuous activation of JAK/STAT3 and increased expression of Treg cells, which in turn affects the anti-tumor immunological effect of the body. Taken together, our data show that monitoring the level of SOCS3 can contribute to the understanding of the state of illness and evaluate the risk of progression of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Liu
- Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinhua Chu
- Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Linhai Yang
- Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ningling Wang
- Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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18
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CD4 +CD25 highCD127 low/-FoxP 3 + Regulatory T-Cell Population in Acute Leukemias: A Review of the Literature. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2816498. [PMID: 30944830 PMCID: PMC6421759 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2816498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are a very important subtype of lymphocytes when it comes to self-control in the human immunological system. Tregs are decisive not only in the protection against destruction of own tissues by autoimmune immunocompetent cells but also in the immunological answer to developing cancers. On the other hand, Tregs could be responsible for the progression of acute and chronic leukemias. In our study, we review publications available in the PUMED database concerning acute leukemia, with a particular emphasis on child's leukemias. The percentage of regulatory T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow was elevated compared to those in healthy individuals and correlated with progressive disease. Regulatory T-cells taken from children diagnosed with leukemia showed a higher suppressive capability, which was confirmed by detecting elevated levels of secreted IL-10 and TGF-beta. The possibility of pharmacological intervention in the self-control of the immunological system is now under extensive investigation in many human cancers. Presumably, Treg cells could be a vital part of targeted therapies. Routine Treg determination could be used to assess the severity of disease and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This proposition results from the fact that in some studies, higher percentage of Treg cells in peripheral blood was demonstrated. However, observations confirming these facts are scarce; thus, extrapolating them to the population of children with hematological malignancies needs to be verified in additional studies.
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19
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Alfayez M, Borthakur G. Checkpoint inhibitors and acute myelogenous leukemia: promises and challenges. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 11:373-389. [PMID: 29589969 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1459184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunity, for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), has been leveraged historically in the form of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) as positive modulators of immune response have been recent major breakthroughs in solid tumors. Areas covered: Emerging concepts and clinical data with CPIs in acute Myeloid Leukemia - the focus of this review- will be discussed. CPIs can potentially be effective in absence of 'actionable' mutations and are expected to be effective against poor-risk AML. Immune inhibitory checkpoint molecules are upregulated in both de novo and relapsed AML. Similar data also suggest role of checkpoint molecules in mediating resistance particularly to hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, which can potentially be reversed by using checkpoint inhibitors. Expert commentary: Ongoing clinical trials in combination with HMAs are showing early promise, with doubling of response than that seen in historic controls. The optimal combinations of CPIs and the optimal space that they will fit in the continuum of AML therapies need lot of in depth work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alfayez
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- a Department of Leukemia , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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20
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Yang ZG, Wen RT, Qi K, Li J, Zheng GX, Wang YF, Hong YG, Zhang YM. The Neuropilin-1 Ligand, Sema3A, Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in the Pathogenesis of Acute Leukemia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1127-1135. [PMID: 30378769 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) are ligands of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1 or CD304) and are related to immunoregulation and tumor angiogenesis, respectively. However, possible interactions between NRP-1 and Sema3A and VEGF165 in acute leukemia remain unclear, especially whether Sema3A plays a role in acute leukemia. In this study, both of the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their expression of NRP-1 were found to increase in acute leukemia patients compared with healthy controls. In contrast, lower mRNA and plasma levels of Sema3A were detected in the acute leukemia patients. In vitro, the addition of exogenous Sema3A inhibited the expression of NRP-1 on Tregs and it promoted apoptosis of leukemia cells. However, in the presence of anti-Sema3A antibody, the effect of rhSema3A on NRP-1 expression was reversed. These results suggest that Sema3A promotes apoptosis in leukemia cells by inhibiting expression of NRP-1, and thus, represents a tumor suppressor protein with a role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. Consequently, NRP-1/Sema3A signaling may represent a novel target for the treatment of acute leukemia and should be further studied. Anat Rec, 302:1127-1135, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524045, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Hematology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ting Wen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Qi
- Laboratory of Hematology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory of Hematology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Xian Zheng
- Laboratory of Hematology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Hematology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Guang Hong
- Laboratory of Hematology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, People's Republic of China
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Hofmann S, Schmitt M, Götz M, Döhner H, Wiesneth M, Bunjes D, Greiner J. Donor lymphocyte infusion leads to diversity of specific T cell responses and reduces regulatory T cell frequency in clinical responders. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1135-1146. [PMID: 30006990 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses against malignant cells play a major role in maintaining remission and prolonging overall survival in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) due to graft-versus-leukemia effect. For better characterization of the T cell responses, we assessed frequency and diversity of leukemia-associated antigen (LAA)-specific cytotoxic T cells using ELISpot and pMHC multimer assays and analyzed the frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg) as well as cytokine profiles before/after DLI. The data were correlated to the clinical course of patients. Significantly more LAA-derived T cell epitopes (p = 0.02) were recognized in clinical responders (R) when compared to nonresponders (NR). In addition, pMHC multimer-based flow cytometry showed a significantly higher frequency of LAA-specific T cells in R versus NR. The frequency of Treg in R decreased significantly (p = 0.008) while keeping stable in NR. No differences in T cell subset analysis before/after DLI were revealed. Clinical responders were correlated to specific immune responses and all clinical responders showed an increase of specific immune responses after DLI. Cytokine assays using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a significant increase of IL-4 after DLI. Taken together, an increase of specific CTL responses against several LAA after DLI was detected. Moreover, this study suggests that enhanced LAA diversity in T cell responses as well as decreasing numbers of Treg contribute to clinical outcome of patients treated with DLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hofmann
- Clinic for Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Clinic for Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlies Götz
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Donald Bunjes
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Greiner
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonie Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Nishiyama Y, Saikawa Y, Nishiyama N. Interaction between the immune system and acute myeloid leukemia: A model incorporating promotion of regulatory T cell expansion by leukemic cells. Biosystems 2018; 165:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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MUC1-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:1791-1801. [PMID: 28126925 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-730614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in promoting immune tolerance and disease growth. The mechanism by which tumor cells evoke the expansion of MDSCs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been well described. We have demonstrated that patients with AML exhibit increased presence of MDSCs in their peripheral blood, in comparison with normal controls. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated that MDSCs in patients with AML may be derived from leukemic or apparently normal progenitors. Engraftment of C57BL/6 mice with TIB-49 AML led to an expansion of CD11b+ Gr1+ MDSCs in bone marrow and spleen. Coculture of the AML cell lines MOLM-4, THP-1 or primary AML cells with donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells elicited a cell contact-dependent expansion of MDSCs. MDSCs were suppressive of autologous T-cell responses as evidenced by reduced T-cell proliferation and a switch from a Th1 to a Th2 phenotype. We hypothesized that the expansion of MDSCs in AML is accomplished by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using tracking studies, we demonstrated that AML EVs are taken-up myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the selective proliferation of MDSCs in comparison with functionally competent antigen-presenting cells. The MUC1 oncoprotein was subsequently identified as the critical driver of EV-mediated MDSC expansion. MUC1 induces increased expression of c-myc in EVs that induces proliferation in the target MDSC population via downstream effects on cell cycle proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate that the microRNA miR34a acts as the regulatory mechanism by which MUC1 drives c-myc expression in AML cells and EVs.
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Assem M, Osman A, Kandeel E, Elshimy R, Nassar H, Ali R. Clinical Impact of Overexpression of FOXP3 and WT1 on
Disease Outcome in Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4699-4711. [PMID: 27893200 PMCID: PMC5454620 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.10.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the last decade, it has become clear that change of gene expression may alter the hematopoietic cell quiescent state and consequently play a major role in leukemogenesis. WT1 is known to be a player in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and FOXP3 has a crucial role in regulating the immune response. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of overexpression of WT1and FOXP3 genes on clinical course in adult and pediatric AML patients in Egypt. Patients and methods: Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 97 de novo non M3 AML patients (63 adult and 34 pediatric). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect overexpression WT1 and FOXP3 genes. Patient follow up ranged from 0.2 to 39.0 months with a median of 5 months. Results: In the pediatric group; WT1 was significantly expressed with a high total leukocyte count median 50X109/L (p=0.018). In the adult group, WT1 had an adverse impact on complete remission induction, disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.02, p=0.035, p=0.019 respectively). FOXP3 overexpression was associated with FAB subtypes AML M0 +M1 vs. M2, M4+M5 (p =0.039) and the presence of hepatomegaly (p=0.005). Conclusions: WT1 and FOXP3 overexpression has an adverse impact on clinical presentation, treatment response and survival of pediatric and adult Egyptian AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Assem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt.
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Morabito F, Voso MT, Hohaus S, Gentile M, Vigna E, Recchia AG, Iovino L, Benedetti E, Lo-Coco F, Galimberti S. Panobinostat for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1117-31. [PMID: 27485472 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1216971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic strategies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not changed significantly over the last decades. Appropriate strategies are ultimately driven by the assessment of patients' fitness to define suitability for intensive induction chemotherapy, which produces high initial remission rates but, increased likelihood of relapse. Old/unfit AML patients still represent an urgent and unmet therapeutic need. Epigenetic deregulation represents a strategic characteristic of AML pathophysiology whereby aberrant gene transcription provides an advantage to leukemic cell survival. Efforts to re-establish impaired epigenetic regulation include hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). AREAS COVERED The review discusses the underlying mechanisms leading to disruption of lysine acetyltransferases (KAT or HAT)/deacetylase (KDAC or HDAC) balance and the rationale for using the HDACi panobinostat (LBH-589) in AML. EXPERT OPINION Although panobinostat has produced significant results in myeloma, its efficacy remains limited in AML. Panobinostat exerts pleiotropic activity and lack of specificity, which likely contributes to its inadequate safety in elderly AML patients. Phase I-II trials, utilizing panobinostat associated with well-known chemotherapeutic agents are ongoing and combinations with other druggable targets may likely be evaluated in future trials. The clinical use of this HDACi in AML the near future does not appearing promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Morabito
- a Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology , A.O. of Cosenza , Cosenza , Italy.,b Biotechnology Research Unit , ASP of Cosenza , Aprigliano (CS) , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- c Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , Universita' Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefan Hohaus
- d Department of Hematology , Universita' Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- a Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology , A.O. of Cosenza , Cosenza , Italy
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- a Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology , A.O. of Cosenza , Cosenza , Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Iovino
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Edoardo Benedetti
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- c Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , Universita' Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology Division , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Pleyer L, Valent P, Greil R. Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Normal and Dysplastic Hematopoiesis-Masters of Survival and Clonality? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071009. [PMID: 27355944 PMCID: PMC4964385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders that have the capacity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Accumulating evidence suggests that the altered bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in general, and in particular the components of the stem cell niche, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their progeny, play a pivotal role in the evolution and propagation of MDS. We here present an overview of the role of MSCs in the pathogenesis of MDS, with emphasis on cellular interactions in the BM microenvironment and related stem cell niche concepts. MSCs have potent immunomodulatory capacities and communicate with diverse immune cells, but also interact with various other cellular components of the microenvironment as well as with normal and leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, compared to normal MSCs, MSCs in MDS and AML often exhibit altered gene expression profiles, an aberrant phenotype, and abnormal functional properties. These alterations supposedly contribute to the “reprogramming” of the stem cell niche into a disease-permissive microenvironment where an altered immune system, abnormal stem cell niche interactions, and an impaired growth control lead to disease progression. The current article also reviews molecular targets that play a role in such cellular interactions and possibilities to interfere with abnormal stem cell niche interactions by using specific targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pleyer
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Greil
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Lau CM, Nish SA, Yogev N, Waisman A, Reiner SL, Reizis B. Leukemia-associated activating mutation of Flt3 expands dendritic cells and alters T cell responses. J Exp Med 2016; 213:415-31. [PMID: 26903243 PMCID: PMC4813676 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lau et al. show that the FLT3-ITD mutation directly affects dendritic cell development in preleukemic mice, indirectly modulating T cell homeostasis and supporting the expansion of regulatory T cells. A common genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia is the internal tandem duplication (ITD) in FLT3, the receptor for cytokine FLT3 ligand (FLT3L). Constitutively active FLT3-ITD promotes the expansion of transformed progenitors, but also has pleiotropic effects on hematopoiesis. We analyzed the effect of FLT3-ITD on dendritic cells (DCs), which express FLT3 and can be expanded by FLT3L administration. Pre-leukemic mice with the Flt3ITD knock-in allele manifested an expansion of classical DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs. The expansion originated in DC progenitors, was cell intrinsic, and was further enhanced in Flt3ITD/ITD mice. The mutation caused the down-regulation of Flt3 on the surface of DCs and reduced their responsiveness to Flt3L. Both canonical Batf3-dependent CD8+ cDCs and noncanonical CD8+ cDCs were expanded and showed specific alterations in their expression profiles. Flt3ITD mice showed enhanced capacity to support T cell proliferation, including a cell-extrinsic expansion of regulatory T (T reg) cells. Accordingly, these mice restricted alloreactive T cell responses during graft-versus-host reaction, but failed to control autoimmunity without T reg cells. Thus, the FLT3-ITD mutation directly affects DC development, indirectly modulating T cell homeostasis and supporting T reg cell expansion. We hypothesize that this effect of FLT3-ITD might subvert immunosurveillance and promote leukemogenesis in a cell-extrinsic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Lau
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Simone A Nish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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Huang Y, Deng D, Li H, Xiao Q, Huang L, Zhang B, Ye F, Ye B, Mo Z, Yang X, Liu Z. Fas-670A>G polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia development. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:153-160. [PMID: 26893830 PMCID: PMC4734045 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Fas promoter polymorphisms has been reported previously; however, the results are inconclusive. The present study performed one case-control study to investigate the association, and a total of 98 AML patients and 2,014 healthy controls were genotyped. The data showed that the distribution of Fas-670AA, GA and GG genotypes among the AML patients were not significantly different from those of the healthy controls, all P>0.05. Following this a sub-study was conducted to analyze individuals who neither smoked nor drank. The results demonstrated that there was still no significant association between the Fas-670 polymorphism and risk of AML development, all P>0.05. Furthermore, in order to address a more accurate estimation of the association, a meta-analysis was conducted. Data were systematically collected from the Pubmed, EMBASE and the Wanfang Library. A total of 3 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which contained 1,144 AML cases and 3,806 controls. No significant association was detected between the Fas-670A>G polymorphism and AML risk [GA+GG vs. AA: odds ratio (OR) 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–1.09; GG vs. AA: OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.82–1.24; GA vs. AA: OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.94–1.32; GG vs. AA+GA: OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.79–1.12; G vs. A: OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91–1.12; all P>0.05). The analysis clearly indicated that there was no significant connection between the Fas-670A>G polymorphism and the increased risk of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Donghong Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Ye
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Ye
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Wang J, Tao Q, Wang H, Wang Z, Wu F, Pan Y, Tao L, Xiong S, Wang Y, Zhai Z. Elevated IL-35 in bone marrow of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:681-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tao Q, Pan Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Xiong S, Li Q, Wang J, Tao L, Wang Z, Wu F, Zhang R, Zhai Z. Regulatory T cells-derived IL-35 promotes the growth of adult acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2384-93. [PMID: 25866142 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianshan Tao
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre of Transplantation and Renal Research; Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney University; NSW Australia
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Shudao Xiong
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Qing Li
- Central Laboratory; Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology; The Fourth Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Hematology Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
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Hamed NA, El-Halawani N, Nafie D, Swelem R, Araby AA. Regulatory T cells in egyptian acute myeloid leukemia patients. ACTA MEDICA INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/ami.2015.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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McGill CM, Alba-Rodriguez EJ, Li S, Benson CJ, Ondrasik RM, Fisher LN, Claxton DF, Barth BM. Extracts of Devil's club (Oplopanax horridus) exert therapeutic efficacy in experimental models of acute myeloid leukemia. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1308-14. [PMID: 25340187 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of hematological malignancies defined by expanded clonal populations of immature progenitors (blasts) of myeloid phenotype in blood and bone marrow. Given a typical poor prognostic outlook, there is great need for novel agents with anti-AML activity. Devil’s club (Oplopanax horridus) is one of the most significant medicinal plants used among the indigenous people of Southeast Alaska and the coastal Pacific Northwest, with different linguistic groups utilizing various parts of the plant to treat many different conditions including cancer. Studies identifying medically relevant components in Devil’s club are limited. For this research study, samples were extracted in 70% ethanol before in vitro analysis, to assess effects on AML cell line viability as well as to study regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation. The root extract displayed better in vitro anti-AML efficacy in addition to a noted anti-tyrosine kinase activity independent of an antioxidant effect. In vivo therapeutic studies using an immunocompetent murine model of AML further demonstrated that Devil’s club root extract improved the murine survival while decreasing immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and improving CD8+ T-cell functionality. This study defines for the first time an anti-AML efficacy for extracts of Devil’s club.
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Piccioni M, Chen Z, Tsun A, Li B. Regulatory T-cell differentiation and their function in immune regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 841:67-97. [PMID: 25261205 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Treg) represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells characterized by high suppressive capacity, which can be generated in the thymus or induced in the periphery. The deleterious phenotype of the Scurfy mouse, which develops an X-linked lymphoproliferative disease resulting from defective T-cell tolerance, clearly demonstrates the importance of Treg cells for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Although significant progress has been achieved, much information regarding the development, characteristics and function of Treg cells remain lacking. This chapter highlights the most recent discoveries in the field of Treg biology, focusing on the development and role of this cell subset in the maintenance of immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Piccioni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
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