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Hong X, Miao K, Cao W, Lv J, Yu C, Huang T, Sun D, Liao C, Pang Y, Hu R, Pang Z, Yu M, Wang H, Wu X, Liu Y, Gao W, Li L. Association of psychological distress and DNA methylation: A 5-year longitudinal population-based twin study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:51-59. [PMID: 37793011 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify the psychological distress (PD)-associated 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' sites (CpGs), and investigate the temporal relationship between dynamic changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) and PD. METHODS This study included 1084 twins from the Chinese National Twin Register (CNTR). The CNTR conducted epidemiological investigations and blood withdrawal twice in 2013 and 2018. These included twins were used to perform epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) and to validate the previously reported PD-associated CpGs selected from previous EWASs in PubMed, Embase, and the EWAS catalog. Next, a cross-lagged study was performed to examine the temporality between changes in DNAm and PD in 308 twins who completed both 2013 and 2018 surveys. RESULTS The EWAS analysis of our study identified 25 CpGs. In the validation analysis, 741 CpGs from 29 previous EWASs on PD were selected for validation, and 101 CpGs were validated to be significant at a false discovery rate <0.05. The cross-lagged analysis found a unidirectional path from PD to DNAm at 14 CpGs, while no sites showed significance from DNAm to PD. CONCLUSIONS This study identified and validated PD-related CpGs in a Chinese twin population, and suggested that PD may be the cause of changes in DNAm over time. The findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runhua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Baaklini I, Gonçalves CDC, Lukacs GL, Young JC. Selective Binding of HSC70 and its Co-Chaperones to Structural Hotspots on CFTR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4176. [PMID: 32144307 PMCID: PMC7060200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel cause cystic fibrosis. Chaperones, including HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, play key roles in both the folding and degradation of wild-type and mutant CFTR at multiple cellular locations. DNAJA1 and HSC70 promote the folding of newly synthesized CFTR at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but are required for the rapid turnover of misfolded channel at the plasma membrane (PM). DNAJA2 and HSC70 are also involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded CFTR, while they assist the refolding of destabilized channel at the PM. These outcomes may depend on the binding of chaperones to specific sites within CFTR, which would be exposed in non-native states. A CFTR peptide library was used to identify binding sites for HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, validated by competition and functional assays. Each chaperone had a distinct binding pattern, and sites were distributed between the surfaces of the CFTR cytosolic domains, and domain interfaces known to be important for channel assembly. The accessibility of sites to chaperones will depend on the degree of CFTR folding or unfolding. Different folded states may be recognized by unique combinations of HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, leading to divergent biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Baaklini
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | | | - Gergely L Lukacs
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Physiology, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jason C Young
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Kim Chiaw P, Hantouche C, Wong MJH, Matthes E, Robert R, Hanrahan JW, Shrier A, Young JC. Hsp70 and DNAJA2 limit CFTR levels through degradation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220984. [PMID: 31408507 PMCID: PMC6692068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR anion channel, many of which cause its misfolding and degradation. CFTR folding depends on the Hsc70 and Hsp70 chaperones and their co-chaperone DNAJA1, but Hsc70/Hsp70 is also involved in CFTR degradation. Here, we address how these opposing functions are balanced. DNAJA2 and DNAJA1 were both important for CFTR folding, however overexpressing DNAJA2 but not DNAJA1 enhanced CFTR degradation at the endoplasmic reticulum by Hsc70/Hsp70 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Excess Hsp70 also promoted CFTR degradation, but this occurred through the lysosomal pathway and required CHIP but not complex formation with HOP and Hsp90. Notably, the Hsp70 inhibitor MKT077 enhanced levels of mature CFTR and the most common disease variant ΔF508-CFTR, by slowing turnover and allowing delayed maturation, respectively. MKT077 also boosted the channel activity of ΔF508-CFTR when combined with the corrector compound VX809. Thus, the Hsp70 system is the major determinant of CFTR degradation, and its modulation can partially relieve the misfolding phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kim Chiaw
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Hantouche
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J. H. Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Robert
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alvin Shrier
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason C. Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Bentley SJ, Boshoff A. Hsp70/J-protein machinery from Glossina morsitans morsitans, vector of African trypanosomiasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183858. [PMID: 28902917 PMCID: PMC5597180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are the sole vectors of the protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, the causative agents of African Trypanosomiasis. Species of Glossina differ in vector competence and Glossina morsitans morsitans is associated with transmission of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which causes an acute and often fatal form of African Trypanosomiasis. Heat shock proteins are evolutionarily conserved proteins that play critical roles in proteostasis. The activity of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is regulated by interactions with its J-protein (Hsp40) co-chaperones. Inhibition of these interactions are emerging as potential therapeutic targets. The assembly and annotation of the G. m. morsitans genome provided a platform to identify and characterize the Hsp70s and J-proteins, and carry out an evolutionary comparison to its well-studied eukaryotic counterparts, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens, as well as Stomoxys calcitrans, a comparator species. In our study, we identified 9 putative Hsp70 proteins and 37 putative J-proteins in G. m. morsitans. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three evolutionarily distinct groups of Hsp70s, with a closer relationship to orthologues from its blood-feeding dipteran relative Stomoxys calcitrans. G. m. morsitans also lacked the high number of heat inducible Hsp70s found in D. melanogaster. The potential localisations, functions, domain organisations and Hsp70/J-protein partnerships were also identified. A greater understanding of the heat shock 70 (Hsp70) and J-protein (Hsp40) families in G. m. morsitans could enhance our understanding of the cell biology of the tsetse fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Bentley
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Cell biology of the NCL proteins: What they do and don't do. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2242-55. [PMID: 25962910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatal, primarily childhood neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), are currently associated with mutations in 13 genes. The protein products of these genes (CLN1 to CLN14) differ in their function and their intracellular localization. NCL-associated proteins have been localized mostly in lysosomes (CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN7, CLN10, CLN12 and CLN13) but also in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (CLN6 and CLN8), or in the cytosol associated to vesicular membranes (CLN4 and CLN14). Some of them such as CLN1 (palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1), CLN2 (tripeptidyl-peptidase 1), CLN5, CLN10 (cathepsin D), and CLN13 (cathepsin F), are lysosomal soluble proteins; others like CLN3, CLN7, and CLN12, have been proposed to be lysosomal transmembrane proteins. In this review, we give our views and attempt to summarize the proposed and confirmed functions of each NCL protein and describe and discuss research results published since the last review on NCL proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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6
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The large conductance, calcium-activated K+ (BK) channel is regulated by cysteine string protein. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2447. [PMID: 23945775 PMCID: PMC3744087 DOI: 10.1038/srep02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance, calcium-activated-K(+) (BK) channels are widely distributed throughout the nervous system, where they regulate action potential duration and firing frequency, along with presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Our recent efforts to identify chaperones that target neuronal ion channels have revealed cysteine string protein (CSPα) as a key regulator of BK channel expression and current density. CSPα is a vesicle-associated protein and mutations in CSPα cause the hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, adult-onset autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL). CSPα null mice show 2.5 fold higher BK channel expression compared to wild type mice, which is not seen with other neuronal channels (i.e. Cav2.2, Kv1.1 and Kv1.2). Furthermore, mutations in either CSPα's J domain or cysteine string region markedly increase BK expression and current amplitude. We conclude that CSPα acts to regulate BK channel expression, and consequently CSPα-associated changes in BK activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as ANCL.
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7
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Rippey C, Walsh T, Gulsuner S, Brodsky M, Nord AS, Gasperini M, Pierce S, Spurrell C, Coe BP, Krumm N, Lee MK, Sebat J, McClellan JM, King MC. Formation of chimeric genes by copy-number variation as a mutational mechanism in schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:697-710. [PMID: 24094746 PMCID: PMC3791253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric genes can be caused by structural genomic rearrangements that fuse together portions of two different genes to create a novel gene. We hypothesize that brain-expressed chimeras may contribute to schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia and control individuals were screened genome wide for copy-number variants (CNVs) that disrupted two genes on the same DNA strand. Candidate events were filtered for predicted brain expression and for frequency < 0.001 in an independent series of 20,000 controls. Four of 124 affected individuals and zero of 290 control individuals harbored such events (p = 0.002); a 47 kb duplication disrupted MATK and ZFR2, a 58 kb duplication disrupted PLEKHD1 and SLC39A9, a 121 kb duplication disrupted DNAJA2 and NETO2, and a 150 kb deletion disrupted MAP3K3 and DDX42. Each fusion produced a stable protein when exogenously expressed in cultured cells. We examined whether these chimeras differed from their parent genes in localization, regulation, or function. Subcellular localizations of DNAJA2-NETO2 and MAP3K3-DDX42 differed from their parent genes. On the basis of the expression profile of the MATK promoter, MATK-ZFR2 is likely to be far more highly expressed in the brain during development than the ZFR2 parent gene. MATK-ZFR2 includes a ZFR2-derived isoform that we demonstrate localizes preferentially to neuronal dendritic branch sites. These results suggest that the formation of chimeric genes is a mechanism by which CNVs contribute to schizophrenia and that, by interfering with parent gene function, chimeras may disrupt critical brain processes, including neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and dendritic arborization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Rippey
- Departments of Medicine and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Baaklini I, Wong MJH, Hantouche C, Patel Y, Shrier A, Young JC. The DNAJA2 substrate release mechanism is essential for chaperone-mediated folding. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41939-54. [PMID: 23091061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.413278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAJA1 (DJA1/Hdj2) and DNAJA2 (DJA2) are the major J domain partners of human Hsp70/Hsc70 chaperones. Although they have overall similarity with the well characterized type I co-chaperones from yeast and bacteria, they are biologically distinct, and their functional mechanisms are poorly characterized. We identified DJA2-specific activities in luciferase folding and repression of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) trafficking that depended on its expression levels in cells. Mutations in different internal domains of DJA2 abolished these effects. Using purified proteins, we addressed the mechanistic defects. A mutant lacking the region between the zinc finger motifs (DJA2-Δm2) was able to bind substrate similar to wild type but was incapable of releasing substrate during its transfer to Hsc70. The equivalent mutation in DJA1 also abolished its substrate release. A DJA2 mutant (DJA-221), which had its C-terminal dimerization region replaced by that of DJA1, was inactive but retained its ability to release substrate. The release mechanism required the J domain and ATP hydrolysis by Hsc70, although the nucleotide dependence diverged between DJA2 and DJA1. Limited proteolysis suggested further conformational differences between the two wild-type co-chaperones and the mutants. Our results demonstrate an essential role of specific DJA domains in the folding mechanism of Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Baaklini
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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Carnini A, Scott LOM, Ahrendt E, Proft J, Winkfein RJ, Kim SW, Colicos MA, Braun JEA. Cell line specific modulation of extracellular aβ42 by Hsp40. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37755. [PMID: 22666389 PMCID: PMC3362613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a set of molecular chaperones involved in cellular repair. They provide protective mechanisms that allow cells to survive potentially lethal insults, In response to a conditioning stress their expression is increased. Here we examined the connection between Hsps and Aβ(42), the amyloid peptide involved in the pathological sequence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular Aβ(42) associates with neuronal cells and is a major constituent of senile plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD. Although Hsps are generally thought to prevent accumulation of misfolded proteins, there is a lack of mechanistic evidence that heat shock chaperones directly modulate Aβ(42) toxicity. In this study we show that neither extracellular Aβ(42) nor Aβ(42/)PrP(C) trigger the heat shock response in neurons. To address the influence of the neuroprotective heat shock response on cellular Aβ(42), Western analysis of Aβ(42) was performed following external Aβ(42) application. Five hours after a conditioning heat shock, Aβ(42) association with CAD cells was increased compared to control neurons. However, at forty-eight hours following heat shock Aβ(42) levels were reduced compared to that found for control cells. Moreover, transient transfection of the stress induced Hsp40, decreased CAD levels of Aβ(42). In contrast to CAD cells, hippocampal neurons transfected with Hsp40 retained Aβ(42) indicating that Hsp40 modulation of Aβ(42) proteostasis is cell specific. Mutation of the conserved HPD motif within Hsp40 significantly reduced the Hsp40-mediated Aβ(42) increase in hippocampal cultures indicating the importance of this motif in regulating cellular Aβ(42). Our data reveal a biochemical link between Hsp40 expression and Aβ(42) proteostasis that is cell specific. Therefore, increasing Hsp40 therapeutically with the intention of interfering with the pathogenic cascade leading to neurodegeneration in AD should be pursued with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas O. M. Scott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eva Ahrendt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juliane Proft
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert J. Winkfein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A. Colicos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice E. A. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Nosková L, Stránecký V, Hartmannová H, Přistoupilová A, Barešová V, Ivánek R, Hůlková H, Jahnová H, van der Zee J, Staropoli J, Sims K, Tyynelä J, Van Broeckhoven C, Nijssen P, Mole S, Elleder M, Kmoch S. Mutations in DNAJC5, encoding cysteine-string protein alpha, cause autosomal-dominant adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:241-52. [PMID: 21820099 PMCID: PMC3155175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL) is characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in neural tissues and neurodegeneration and has an age of onset in the third decade of life or later. The genetic and molecular basis of the disease has remained unknown for many years. We carried out linkage mapping, gene-expression analysis, exome sequencing, and candidate-gene sequencing in affected individuals from 20 families and/or individuals with simplex cases; we identified in five individuals one of two disease-causing mutations, c.346_348delCTC and c.344T>G, in DNAJC5 encoding cysteine-string protein alpha (CSPα). These mutations-causing a deletion, p.Leu116del, and an amino acid exchange, p.Leu115Arg, respectively-are located within the cysteine-string domain of the protein and affect both palmitoylation-dependent sorting and the amount of CSPα in neuronal cells. The resulting depletion of functional CSPα might cause in parallel the presynaptic dysfunction and the progressive neurodegeneration observed in affected individuals and lysosomal accumulation of misfolded and proteolysis-resistant proteins in the form of characteristic ceroid deposits in neurons. Our work represents an important step in the genetic dissection of a genetically heterogeneous group of ANCLs. It also confirms a neuroprotective role for CSPα in humans and demonstrates the need for detailed investigation of CSPα in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and other neurodegenerative diseases presenting with neuronal protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Nosková
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hartmannová
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Přistoupilová
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Barešová
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Ivánek
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hůlková
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Jahnová
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John F. Staropoli
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katherine B. Sims
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jaana Tyynelä
- Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter C.G. Nijssen
- Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, 5022 Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sara E. Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Child Health and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Milan Elleder
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Johnson JN, Ahrendt E, Braun JEA. CSPalpha: the neuroprotective J protein. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:157-65. [PMID: 20453918 DOI: 10.1139/o09-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine string protein (CSPalpha, also called DnaJC5) is unique among J proteins. Similar to other J proteins, CSPalpha interacts with and activates the ATPase of Hsc70s (heat shock proteins of 70 kDa), thereby harnessing the ATPase activity for conformational work on client proteins. In contrast to other J proteins, CSPalpha is anchored to synaptic vesicles, as well as to exocrine, endocrine and neuroendocrine secretory granules, and has been shown to have an essential anti-neurodegenerative role. CSPalpha-null organisms exhibit progressive neurodegeneration, behavioural deficits, and premature death, most likely due to the progressive misfolding of one or more client proteins. Here we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the critical role that CSPalpha plays in governing exocytotic secretory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadah N Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Xu F, Proft J, Gibbs S, Winkfein B, Johnson JN, Syed N, Braun JEA. Quercetin targets cysteine string protein (CSPalpha) and impairs synaptic transmission. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11045. [PMID: 20548785 PMCID: PMC2883571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cysteine string protein (CSPα) is a synaptic vesicle protein that displays unique anti-neurodegenerative properties. CSPα is a member of the conserved J protein family, also called the Hsp40 (heat shock protein of 40 kDa) protein family, whose importance in protein folding has been recognized for many years. Deletion of the CSPα in mice results in knockout mice that are normal for the first 2–3 weeks of life followed by an unexplained presynaptic neurodegeneration and premature death. How CSPα prevents neurodegeneration is currently not known. As a neuroprotective synaptic vesicle protein, CSPα represents a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we demonstrate that the flavonoid quercetin promotes formation of stable CSPα-CSPα dimers and that quercetin-induced dimerization is dependent on the unique cysteine string region. Furthermore, in primary cultures of Lymnaea neurons, quercetin induction of CSPα dimers correlates with an inhibition of synapse formation and synaptic transmission suggesting that quercetin interfers with CSPα function. Quercetin's action on CSPα is concentration dependent and does not promote dimerization of other synaptic proteins or other J protein family members and reduces the assembly of CSPα:Hsc70 units (70kDa heat shock cognate protein). Conclusions/Significance Quercetin is a plant derived flavonoid and popular nutritional supplement proposed to prevent memory loss and altitude sickness among other ailments, although its precise mechanism(s) of action has been unclear. In view of the therapeutic promise of upregulation of CSPα and the undesired consequences of CSPα dysfunction, our data establish an essential proof of principle that pharmaceutical agents can selectively target the neuroprotective J protein CSPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juliane Proft
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Gibbs
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bob Winkfein
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jadah N. Johnson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naweed Syed
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice E. A. Braun
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Stetler RA, Gan Y, Zhang W, Liou AK, Gao Y, Cao G, Chen J. Heat shock proteins: cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 92:184-211. [PMID: 20685377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that heat shock proteins (HSPs) are critical regulators in normal neural physiological function as well as in cell stress responses. The functions of HSPs represent an enormous and diverse range of cellular activities, far beyond the originally identified roles in protein folding and chaperoning. HSPs are now understood to be involved in processes such as synaptic transmission, autophagy, ER stress response, protein kinase and cell death signaling. In addition, manipulation of HSPs has robust effects on the fate of cells in neurological injury and disease states. The ongoing exploration of multiple HSP superfamilies has underscored the pluripotent nature of HSPs in the cellular context, and has demanded the recent revamping of the nomenclature referring to these families to reflect a re-organization based on structure and function. In keeping with this re-organization, we first discuss the HSP superfamilies in terms of protein structure, regulation, expression and distribution in the brain. We then explore major cellular functions of HSPs that are relevant to neural physiological states, and from there we discuss known and proposed HSP impacts on major neurological disease states. This review article presents a three-part discussion on the array of HSP families relevant to neuronal tissue, their cellular functions, and the exploration of therapeutic targets of these proteins in the context of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anne Stetler
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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Carnini A, Casha S, Yong VW, Hurlbert RJ, Braun JEA. Reduction of PrP(C) in human cerebrospinal fluid after spinal cord injury. Prion 2010; 4:80-6. [PMID: 20418657 DOI: 10.4161/pri.4.2.11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains approximately 80 proteins that significantly increase or decrease in response to various clinical conditions. Here we have evaluated the CSF protein PrP(C) (cellular prion protein) for possible increases or decreases following spinal cord injury. The physiological function of PrP(C) is not yet completely understood; however, recent findings suggest that PrP(C) may have neuroprotective properties. Our results show that CSF PrP(C) is decreased in spinal cord injured patients 12 h following injury and is absent at 7 days. Given that normal PrP(C) has been proposed to be neuroprotective we speculate that the decrease in CSF PrP(C) levels may influence neuronal cell survival following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carnini
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, CA
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Weng N, Baumler MD, Thomas DDH, Falkowski MA, Swayne LA, Braun JEA, Groblewski GE. Functional role of J domain of cysteine string protein in Ca2+-dependent secretion from acinar cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G1030-9. [PMID: 19282376 PMCID: PMC2696211 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90592.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 family members Hsc70 and Hsp70 are known to play a protective role against the onset of experimental pancreatitis, yet their molecular function in acini is unclear. Cysteine string protein (CSP-alpha) is a zymogen granule (ZG) membrane protein characterized by an NH(2)-terminal "J domain" and a central palmitoylated string of cysteine residues. The J domain functions as a cochaperone by modulating the activity of Hsc70/Hsp70 family members. A role for CSP-alpha in regulating digestive enzyme exocytosis from pancreas was investigated by introducing CSP-alpha truncations into isolated acini following their permeabilization with Perfringolysin O. Incubation of acini with CSP-alpha(1-82), containing the J domain, significantly augmented Ca(2+)-stimulated amylase secretion. Effects of CSP-alpha(1-82) were concentration dependent, with a maximum 80% increase occurring at 200 microg/ml of protein. Although CSP-alpha(1-82) had no effects on basal secretion measured in the presence of < or =10 nM free Ca(2+), it did significantly augment GTP-gammaS-induced secretion under basal Ca(2+) conditions by approximately 25%. Mutation of the J domain to abolish its cochaperone activity failed to augment Ca(2+)-stimulated secretion, implicating the CSP-alpha/Hsc70 cochaperone system as a regulatory component of the secretory pathway. CSP-alpha physically associates with vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP 8) on ZGs, and the CSP-alpha-VAMP 8 interaction was dependent on amino acids 83-112 of CSP-alpha. Immunofluorescence analysis of acinar lobules or purified ZGs confirmed the CSP-alpha colocalization with VAMP 8. These data establish a role for CSP-alpha in regulating digestive enzyme secretion and suggest that CSP-alpha and Hsc70 modulate specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment receptor interactions necessary for exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Weng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan D. Baumler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana D. H. Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle A. Falkowski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice E. A. Braun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guy E. Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Gibbs SJ, Barren B, Beck KE, Proft J, Zhao X, Noskova T, Braun AP, Artemyev NO, Braun JEA. Hsp40 couples with the CSPalpha chaperone complex upon induction of the heat shock response. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4595. [PMID: 19242542 PMCID: PMC2643527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to a conditioning stress, the expression of a set of molecular chaperones called heat shock proteins is increased. In neurons, stress-induced and constitutively expressed molecular chaperones protect against damage induced by ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases, however the molecular basis of this protection is not known. Here we have investigated the crosstalk between stress-induced chaperones and cysteine string protein (CSPα). CSPα is a constitutively expressed synaptic vesicle protein bearing a J domain and a cysteine rich “string” region that has been implicated in the long term functional integrity of synaptic transmission and the defense against neurodegeneration. We have shown previously that the CSPα chaperone complex increases isoproterenol-mediated signaling by stimulating GDP/GTP exchange of Gαs. In this report we demonstrate that in response to heat shock or treatment with the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin, the J protein Hsp40 becomes a major component of the CSPα complex. Association of Hsp40 with CSPα decreases CSPα-CSPα dimerization and enhances the CSPα-induced increase in steady state GTP hydrolysis of Gαs. This newly identified CSPα-Hsp40 association reveals a previously undescribed coupling of J proteins. In view of the crucial importance of stress-induced chaperones in the protection against cell death, our data attribute a role for Hsp40 crosstalk with CSPα in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Gibbs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandy Barren
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Katy E. Beck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juliane Proft
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tatiana Noskova
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Braun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics & Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikolai O. Artemyev
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Janice E. A. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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