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Lao S, Xiong S, Fang Q, Ye G. Identification and functional analysis of αB-crystallins in Pteromalus puparum. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1214835. [PMID: 37520833 PMCID: PMC10382227 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1214835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins, including αB-crystallins (CRYAB), are pivotal in cellular defense mechanisms and stress response. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), with a specific focus on the CRYAB family, within the genome of Pteromalus puparum. The analysis encompasses the identification of these proteins, exploration of their phylogenetic relationships, examination of conserved domains, and evaluation of their response to high temperature conditions. A total of 46 HSPs were identified in the P. puparum genome, and the differential expression of mRNA at 35°C and 25°C drew attention to five genes belonging to the CRYAB family, namely, PpCRYAB-1 to PpCRYAB-5. The conservation level of CRYAB family genes across different species was observed to be relatively modest. Through genome-wide screening of 22 species representing six insect orders, a total of 235 CRYAB proteins were identified, with P. puparum harboring eight CRYAB proteins, indicative of a moderate abundance compared to other species. Intriguingly, evolutionary analysis highlighted PpCRYAB-4 with potentially intricate differentiation in comparison to other members of the CRYAB family. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) results demonstrated significant regulatory effects on adult lifespan under heat stress at 35°C for PpCRYAB-4 and PpCRYAB-5. These findings lay a groundwork for future investigations into stress resistance mechanisms in parasitic wasps, providing fresh insights for the study of insect resilience amidst the backdrop of global climate change.
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Torson AS, Bowman S, Doucet D, Roe AD, Sinclair BJ. Molecular signatures of diapause in the Asian longhorned beetle: Gene expression. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:100054. [PMID: 37033896 PMCID: PMC10074507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies on gene expression during insect diapause do not address among-tissue variation in physiological processes. We measured transcriptomic changes during larval diapause in the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We conducted RNA-seq on fat body, the supraesophageal ganglion, midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules during pre-diapause, diapause maintenance, post-diapause quiescence, and post-diapause development. We observed a small, but consistent, proportion of genes within each gene expression profile that were shared among tissues, lending support for a core set of diapause-associated genes whose expression is tissue-independent. We evaluated the overarching hypotheses that diapause would be associated with cell cycle arrest, developmental arrest, and increased stress tolerance and found evidence of repressed TOR and insulin signaling, reduced cell cycle activity and increased capacity of stress response via heat shock protein expression and remodeling of the cytoskeleton. However, these processes varied among tissues, with the brain and fat body appearing to maintain higher levels of cellular activity during diapause than the midgut or Malpighian tubules. We also observed temperature-dependent changes in gene expression during diapause maintenance, particularly in genes related to the heat shock response and MAPK, insulin, and TOR signaling pathways. Additionally, we provide evidence for epigenetic reorganization during the diapause/post-diapause quiescence transition and expression of genes involved in post-translational modification, highlighting the need for investigations of the protein activity of these candidate genes and processes. We conclude that diapause development is coordinated via diverse tissue-specific gene expression profiles and that canonical diapause phenotypes vary among tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Torson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102, United States
| | - Susan Bowman
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Daniel Doucet
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Amanda D. Roe
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Quan G, Duan J, Fick W, Candau JN. Expression of the gonad-specific small heat shock protein, CfHSP20.2, in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103463. [PMID: 36796908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) play important roles in insect development and stress resistance. However, the in vivo functions and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown or unclear for most members of the sHSPs in insects. This study investigated the expression of CfHSP20.2 in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) under normal and heat-stress conditions. Under normal conditions, CfHSP20.2 transcript and protein were highly and constantly expressed in the testes of male larvae, pupae and young adults and in the ovaries of female late-stage pupae and adults. After adult eclosion, CfHSP20.2 remained highly and almost constantly expressed in the ovaries, but in contrast, was downregulated in the testes. Upon heat stress, CfHSP20.2 was upregulated in the gonads and non-gonadal tissues in both sexes. These results indicate that CfHSP20.2 expression is gonad-specific and heat-inducible. This provides evidence that the CfHSP20.2 protein plays important roles during reproductive development under normal environmental conditions, while under heat-stress conditions, it may also enhance the thermal tolerance of the gonads and non-gonadal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William Fick
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Candau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
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Dong CL, Lu MX, Du YZ. Transcriptomic analysis of pre-diapause larvae of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in natural populations. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100903. [PMID: 34455148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chilo suppressalis Walker is a devastating pest of rice in Asia and exhibits facultative diapause in the larval stage. Most prior experiments on diapausing and non-diapausing C. suppressalis were conducted in the laboratory. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed on pre-diapausing larvae collected from field populations of C. suppressalis and compared to laboratory populations. Among 2674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 32 DEGs related to pre-diapause and 239 universally expressed genes were screened; these were primarily enriched in "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction", "lysosome" and "glycerolipid metabolism" in KEGG pathway analysis. With respect to clusters of orthologous genes (COG), DEGs were assigned to "posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones", "carbohydrate transport and metabolism", and "secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism" categories. Further analysis also revealed that a key "circadian clock-controlled protein" gene is sensitive to photoperiod and significantly decreased during the pre-diapause phase. Genes encoding two small heat shock proteins, hsp21.4 and hsp27.2, were significantly expressed on August 15 as compared to three other sampling times in August 2018. Eight DEGs were randomly chosen and evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to validate the accuracy of the transcriptome data. The expression of six DEGs (gene-evm_000752, gene-evm_006486, gene-evm_008626, gene-evm_002485, gene-evm_011981 and Chilo_suppressalis_newGene_18103) showed significant same patterns of differential expression in both the RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq analyses. This study increases our understanding of the complex physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in C. suppressalis at the pre-diapause phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Lei Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Characterization and functional analysis of Cshsp19.0 encoding a small heat shock protein in Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:924-931. [PMID: 34352319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as ATP-independent chaperones that preserve cellular proteostasis under stressful conditions. In this study, Cshsp19.0, which encodes a new small heat shock protein, was isolated and characterized from Chilo suppressalis (Walker) to better understand the contribution of sHSPs to insect development and stress tolerance. The full-length Cshsp19.0 cDNA was 697 bp and encoded a 19.0 kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 5.95. Phylogenetic analysis and amino acid alignments indicated that Cshsp19.0 is a member of the sHSP family. Cshsp19.0 was expressed at maximal levels in foreguts and showed the least amount of expression in fat bodies. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of C. suppressalis revealed that Cshsp19.0 was most highly expressed in 1st instar larvae. Furthermore, Cshsp19.0 was upregulated when insects were exposed to heat and cold stress for a 2-h period. There were significant differences in the male and female pupae in response to humidity; Cshsp19.0 expression increased in male pupae as RH increased, whereas the inverse pattern was observed in female pupae. Larvae exhibited a lower rate of survival when Cshsp19.0 was silenced by a nanomaterial-promoted RNAi method. The results confirm that Cshsp19.0 functions to increase environmental stress tolerance and regulates physiological activities in C. suppressalis.
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Marshall KE, Roe AD. Surviving in a Frozen Forest: the Physiology of Eastern Spruce Budworm Overwintering. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:174-182. [PMID: 33904790 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, is one of North America's most destructive forest insects. It survives the harsh winters by deploying both a sophisticated diapause program and a complex suite of cryoprotective molecules. The spruce budworm's cryoprotective biochemistry could revolutionize organ storage and transplants. Here we review the latest in C. fumiferana overwintering physiology and identify emerging theoretical and practical questions that are open for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda D Roe
- Great Lakes Forestry Center, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
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Li HB, Dai CG, Hu Y. Characterization and expression analysis of genes encoding three small heat shock proteins in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235912. [PMID: 32776931 PMCID: PMC7417081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) function in the response of insects to abiotic
stress; however, their role in response to biotic stress has been
under-investigated. Mythimna separata, the oriental armyworm,
is polyphenetic and exhibits gregarious and solitary phases in response to high
and low population density, respectively. In this study, three genes were
identified encoding sHsps, namely
MsHsp19.7,
MsHsp19.8 and
MsHsp21.4, and expression levels in
solitary and gregarious M. separata were
compared. The deduced protein sequences of the three MsHsps had
molecular weights of 19.7, 19.8 and 21.4 kDa, respectively, and contained a
conserved α-crystalline domain. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that the three
sHsps were transcribed in all developmental stages and were
dramatically up-regulated at the 6th larval stage in gregarious
individuals. Expression of the three MsHsps was variable in
different tissues of 6th instar larvae, but exhibited consistent up-
and down-regulation in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules of gregarious
individuals, respectively. In addition,
MsHsp19.7 and
MsHsp19.8 were significantly induced when
solitary forms were subjected to crowding for 36 h, but all three
MsHsps were down-regulated when gregarious forms were
isolated. Our findings suggest that population density functions as a stress
factor and impacts MsHsps expression in M.
separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chang-Geng Dai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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Quan G, Duan J, Fick W, Candau JN. Molecular characterization of eight ATP-dependent heat shock protein transcripts and their expression profiles in response to stresses in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.). J Therm Biol 2020; 88:102493. [PMID: 32125981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) greatly contribute to insect stress tolerance and enhance survival and adaptation in severe environmental conditions. To investigate the potential roles of HSPs in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.), an important native pest of forests in North America, we found eight ATP-dependent HSP transcripts (CfHSPs). Based on molecular characteristics, the identified HSP genes were classified into HSP70 and HSP90 families, and phylogenetic results showed that they had orthologues in other insects. The transcript levels of these HSPs were measured using RT-qPCR under normal and stressful conditions in the laboratory. Under normal conditions, three HSP genes were consistently expressed in all life stages, whereas expression of the other five genes was dependent on the developmental stage. In the larvae, most CfHSP transcripts displayed similar expression levels among different tissues. Under heat shock conditions, one HSP70 gene and one HSP90 gene were upregulated in all life stages. One HSP70 gene was upregulated after cold injury in the larval stage. With starvation, HSP gene expression exhibited complex expression patterns; most of them were downregulated. These results suggest that the ATP-dependent HSPs have multiple roles during normal development as well as under stressful conditions including heat, cold injury and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - William Fick
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Candau
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
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Zeng J, Shi Z, Shi J, Guo J, Zhang G, Zhang J. Ambient temperature-mediated enzymic activities and intestinal microflora in Lymantria dispar larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21597. [PMID: 31328829 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand how ambient temperature affect the gypsy moth larvae, and provide a theoretical basis for pest control in different environments. Fourth instar gypsy moth larvae were incubating for 3 hr at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. Afterward, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, total antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora community were analyzed to reveal how the caterpillars respond to ambient temperature stress. Results showed that both digestive and antioxidant enzymes were regulated by the ambient temperature. The optimum incubation temperatures of protease, amylase, trehalase, and lipase in gypsy moth larvae were 30℃, 25℃, and 20℃, respectively. When the incubation temperature was deviated optimum temperatures, digestive enzyme activities would be downregulated depending on the extent of temperature stress. In addition, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase would be activated under a sufferable temperature stress, but superoxide dismutase and carboxylesterase (CarE) would be inhibited. In addition, results showed that the top two abundant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The phylum Firmicutes abundance was decreased and phylum Proteobacteria abundance was increased by ambient temperature stress. Moreover, it suggested that gypsy moth caterpillars at different ambient temperature mainly differed from each other by Escherichia-Shigella and Bifidobacterium in control, Acinetobacter in T15, and Lactobacillus in T40, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianYong Zeng
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - ZhongBin Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - JianHong Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - JiaXing Guo
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - GuoCai Zhang
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Luan Y, Zuo W, Li C, Gao R, Zhang H, Tong X, Han M, Hu H, Lu C, Dai F. Identification of Genes that Control Silk Yield by RNA Sequencing Analysis of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Strains of Variable Silk Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3718. [PMID: 30467288 PMCID: PMC6321331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk is an important natural fiber of high economic value, and thus genetic study of the silkworm is a major area of research. Transcriptome analysis can provide guidance for genetic studies of silk yield traits. In this study, we performed a transcriptome comparison using multiple silkworms with different silk yields. A total of 22 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in multiple strains and were mainly involved in metabolic pathways. Among these, seven significant common DEGs were verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the results coincided with the findings generated by RNA sequencing. Association analysis showed that BGIBMGA003330 and BGIBMGA005780 are significantly associated with cocoon shell weight and encode uridine nucleosidase and small heat shock protein, respectively. Functional annotation of these genes suggest that these play a role in silkworm silk gland development or silk protein synthesis. In addition, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with wild silkworm analysis, which indicates that modern breeding has a stronger selection effect on silk yield traits than domestication, and imply that silkworm breeding induces aggregation of genes related to silk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Weidong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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