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Chansoria P, Asif S, Gupta N, Piedrahita J, Shirwaiker RA. Multiscale Anisotropic Tissue Biofabrication via Bulk Acoustic Patterning of Cells and Functional Additives in Hybrid Bioinks. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102351. [PMID: 35030290 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recapitulation of the microstructural organization of cellular and extracellular components found in natural tissues is an important but challenging feat for tissue engineering, which demands innovation across both process and material fronts. In this work, a highly versatile ultrasound-assisted biofabrication (UAB) approach is demonstrated that utilizes radiation forces generated by superimposing ultrasonic bulk acoustic waves to rapidly organize arrays of cells and other biomaterial additives within single and multilayered hydrogel constructs. UAB is used in conjunction with a novel hybrid bioink system, comprising of cartilage-forming cells (human adipose-derived stem cells or chondrocytes) and additives to promote cell adhesion (collagen microaggregates or polycaprolactone microfibers) encapsulated within gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, to fabricate cartilaginous tissue constructs featuring bulk anisotropy. The hybrid matrices fabricated under the appropriate synergistic thermo-reversible and photocrosslinking conditions demonstrate enhanced mechanical stiffness, stretchability, strength, construct shape fidelity and aligned encapsulated cell morphology and collagen II secretion in long-term culture. Hybridization of UAB is also shown with extrusion and stereolithography printing to fabricate constructs featuring 3D perfusable channels for vasculature combined with a crisscross or circumferential organization of cells and adhesive bioadditives, which is relevant for further translation of UAB toward complex physiological-scale biomimetic tissue fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chansoria
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Suleman Asif
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Nithin Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jorge Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Rohan A. Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Comparative Medicine Institute Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Chansoria P, Shirwaiker R. Characterizing the Process Physics of Ultrasound-Assisted Bioprinting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13889. [PMID: 31554888 PMCID: PMC6761177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has been evolving as an important strategy for the fabrication of engineered tissues for clinical, diagnostic, and research applications. A major advantage of bioprinting is the ability to recapitulate the patient-specific tissue macro-architecture using cellular bioinks. The effectiveness of bioprinting can be significantly enhanced by incorporating the ability to preferentially organize cellular constituents within 3D constructs to mimic the intrinsic micro-architectural characteristics of native tissues. Accordingly, this work focuses on a new non-contact and label-free approach called ultrasound-assisted bioprinting (UAB) that utilizes acoustophoresis principle to align cells within bioprinted constructs. We describe the underlying process physics and develop and validate computational models to determine the effects of ultrasound process parameters (excitation mode, excitation time, frequency, voltage amplitude) on the relevant temperature, pressure distribution, and alignment time characteristics. Using knowledge from the computational models, we experimentally investigate the effect of selected process parameters (frequency, voltage amplitude) on the critical quality attributes (cellular strand width, inter-strand spacing, and viability) of MG63 cells in alginate as a model bioink system. Finally, we demonstrate the UAB of bilayered constructs with parallel (0°-0°) and orthogonal (0°-90°) cellular alignment across layers. Results of this work highlight the key interplay between the UAB process design and characteristics of aligned cellular constructs, and represent an important next step in our ability to create biomimetic engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chansoria
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
| | - Rohan Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America.
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America.
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Chansoria P, Narayanan LK, Schuchard K, Shirwaiker R. Ultrasound-assisted biofabrication and bioprinting of preferentially aligned three-dimensional cellular constructs. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab15cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Li L, Liu H, Xu C, Deng M, Song M, Yu X, Xu S, Zhao X. VEGF promotes endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and vascular repair through connexin 43. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:237. [PMID: 29065929 PMCID: PMC5655878 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) differentiation is considered crucial for vascular repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces EPC differentiation, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is reported to be involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation. Therefore, we sought to determine whether Cx43 is involved in VEGF-induced EPC differentiation and vascular repair. Methods Rat spleen-derived EPCs were cultured and treated with various concentrations of VEGF (0, 10, or 50 ng/mL), and the relationship between EPC differentiation and Cx43 expression was evaluated. Thereafter, fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching was performed to assess the relationship between adjacent EPC differentiation and Cx43-induced gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). After carotid artery injury, EPCs pretreated with VEGF were injected into the tail veins, and the effects of Cx43 on vascular repair were evaluated. Results EPCs cultured with VEGF exhibited accelerated differentiation and increased expression of Cx43. However, inhibition of Cx43 expression using short interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated EPC GJIC and consequent EPC differentiation. VEGF-pretreated EPC transplantation promoted EPC homing and reendothelialization, and inhibited neointimal formation. These effects were attenuated by siRNA inhibition of Cx43. Conclusions Our results from in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that VEGF promotes EPC differentiation and vascular repair through Cx43. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0684-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huanyun Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.,Cardiovascular Department, First People's Hospital of Chong Qing Liang Jiang New Zone, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Chunxin Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Mengyang Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Mingbao Song
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Yang H, Borg TK, Ma Z, Xu M, Wetzel G, Saraf LV, Markwald R, Runyan RB, Gao BZ. Biochip-based study of unidirectional mitochondrial transfer from stem cells to myocytes via tunneling nanotubes. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015012. [PMID: 26844857 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are small membranous tubes of 50-1000 nm diameter observed to connect cells in culture. Transfer of subcellular organelles through TNTs was observed in vitro and in vivo, but the formation and significance of these structures is not well understood. A polydimethylsiloxane biochip-based coculture model was devised to constrain TNT orientation and explore both TNT-formation and TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer. Two parallel microfluidic channels connected by an array of smaller microchannels enabled localization of stem cell and cardiomyocyte populations while allowing connections to form between them. Stem cells and cardiomyocytes were deposited in their respective microfluidic channels, and stem cell-cardiomyocyte pairs were formed via the microchannels. Formation of TNTs and transfer of stained mitochondria through TNTs was observed by 24 h real-time video recording. The data show that stem cells are 7.7 times more likely to initiate contact by initial extension of filopodia. By 24 h, 67% of nanotube connections through the microchannels are composed of cardiomyocyte membrane. Filopodial extension and retraction by stem cells draws an extension of TNTs from cardiomyocytes. MitoTracker staining shows that unidirectional transfer of mitochondria between stem cell-cardiomyocyte pairs invariably originates from stem cells. Control experiments with cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes show little nanotube formation between homotypic or mixed cell pairs and no mitochondrial transfer. These data identify a novel biological process, unidirectional mitochondrial transfer, mediated by heterotypic TNT connections. This suggests that the enhancement of cardiomyocyte function seen after stem-cell injection may be due to a bioenergetic stimulus provided by mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Avesar J, Arye TB, Levenberg S. Frontier microfluidic techniques for short and long-term single cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2161-7. [PMID: 24671389 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review the frontier microfluidic techniques for single cell analysis (SCA), which is important for research of many biological systems. Microfluidics provides high-throughput, high-resolution experiments at low cost and reagent use, making it especially useful for single cell analysis. Recent advancements in the field have made SCA more feasible, improving device throughput and resolution, adding capabilities, and combining different functions to bring forth new assays. Developments in incubation have allowed for long-term cell tracking assays to be performed with single cell resolution. The ability of systems to provide chemical isolation or prolonged growth of adherent cells is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Avesar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 32000.
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Liu H, Chen R, Yang H, Qin W, Borg TK, Dean D, Xu M, Gao BZ. Enzyme-etching technique to fabricate micropatterns of aligned collagen fibrils. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1245-52. [PMID: 24562408 PMCID: PMC4075121 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A technique to tailor-make pre-coated, pre-aligned bovine collagen fibrils, derived from neonatal cardiomyocytes, on the surface of a glass slide into a designated pattern is reported. The unwanted collagen-coated area was erased by a collagenase solution and the tailored area was retained by attaching a microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane stamp directly to the collagen-coated surface. Using this technique, collagen patterns with designated orientations and with clear pattern boundaries and defined shapes were fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Ma Z, Yang H, Liu H, Xu M, Runyan RB, Eisenberg CA, Markwald RR, Borg TK, Gao BZ. Mesenchymal stem cell-cardiomyocyte interactions under defined contact modes on laser-patterned biochips. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56554. [PMID: 23418583 PMCID: PMC3572044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how stem cells interact with cardiomyocytes is crucial for cell-based therapies to restore the cardiomyocyte loss that occurs during myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. It has been thought that functional myocardial repair and regeneration could be regulated by stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact. However, because various contact modes (junction formation, cell fusion, partial cell fusion, and tunneling nanotube formation) occur randomly in a conventional coculture system, the particular regulation corresponding to a specific contact mode could not be analyzed. In this study, we used laser-patterned biochips to define cell-cell contact modes for systematic study of contact-mediated cellular interactions at the single-cell level. The results showed that the biochip design allows defined stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact-mode formation, which can be used to determine specific cellular interactions, including electrical coupling, mechanical coupling, and mitochondria transfer. The biochips will help us gain knowledge of contact-mediated interactions between stem cells and cardiomyocytes, which are fundamental for formulating a strategy to achieve stem cell-based cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Honghai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raymond B. Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Eisenberg
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas K. Borg
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Recent advances in the lab-on-a-chip field in association with nano/microfluidics have been made for new applications and functionalities to the fields of molecular biology, genetic analysis and proteomics, enabling the expansion of the cell biology field. Specifically, microfluidics has provided promising tools for enhancing cell biological research, since it has the ability to precisely control the cellular environment, to easily mimic heterogeneous cellular environment by multiplexing, and to analyze sub-cellular information by high-contents screening assays at the single-cell level. Various cell manipulation techniques in microfluidics have been developed in accordance with specific objectives and applications. In this review, we examine the latest achievements of cell manipulation techniques in microfluidics by categorizing externally applied forces for manipulation: (i) optical, (ii) magnetic, (iii) electrical, (iv) mechanical and (v) other manipulations. We furthermore focus on history where the manipulation techniques originate and also discuss future perspectives with key examples where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Yun
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, MA, USA
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