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Alavi Foumani A, Alavi Foumani SA, Attarchi M, Etemadi Deilami A, Majlesi B, Ildari S, Eslami-Kenarsari H. Quality of spirometry tests in the field of occupational health. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:11. [PMID: 38167347 PMCID: PMC10763193 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spirometry test is a valuable test to evaluate the performance of the respiratory system. The interpretation of the results is highly dependent on the quality of its performance, while the inappropriate quality results in unwanted consequences for individuals and the healthcare system. This study investigated the quality of spirometry tests performed in occupational health. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the quality of 776 spirometry tests in different occupational centers by the specialists in Rasht, Iran, in 2020, based on the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), was investigated. The quality and success rate of the test and the demographical characteristics of the operators and the participants were collected. All data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. RESULTS Out of 776 spirometry tests, about 69.7% were unacceptable. Among the unacceptable tests, a pause error between inhalation and exhalation was identified in 7.4% of tests. Additionally, 4.6% of the unacceptable tests exhibited a cough error within the first second, while an exhalation error of less than six was observed in 85%. Repeatability errors were found in 60.9% of the tests. Furthermore, among some errors, the communication error between the characteristics of the technicians and the test performance errors were evident. CONCLUSION According to the results, most of the performed tests were unacceptable with no repeatability, which indicated that the validity and quality of spirometry tests and their interpretation were inappropriate in the field of occupational health in Rasht, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirala Alavi Foumani
- Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Sardar Jangal Ave, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Alavi Foumani
- Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Sardar Jangal Ave, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mirsaeed Attarchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Majlesi
- Rasht Health Center, Guilan university of medical sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shima Ildari
- Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Sardar Jangal Ave, Rasht, Iran
| | - Habib Eslami-Kenarsari
- Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Sardar Jangal Ave, Rasht, Iran
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Feleke MG, Alemu Y, Shentema MG, Wakuma S, Emiru Z, Chichiabellu TY. Chronic Respiratory Symptoms and Associated Factors among Fruit and Vegetable Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross sectional Study. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:287-294. [PMID: 37822458 PMCID: PMC10562158 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit and vegetable market is an abundant source of bioaerosols. Exposure to organic and inorganic waste and long-term inhalation of bioaerosols during working hours leads to chronic respiratory symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and related factors among fruit and vegetable workers compared with the control group in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and materials A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Logistic regressions were computed to depict the data and related factors. The culture method was done to count and compare bacterial and fungal concentrations between fruit and vegetable workers and office workers. Results In this study, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (PR = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.772-4.66) was significantly higher among fruit and vegetable workers (46.7%) than controls (23.4%). Sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.12-3.98), educational status (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.78-2.32), working hours per day (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.586-9.65), and working department (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 0.90-11.40) were associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Bacterial and fungal concentrations were significantly higher in the air of the vegetable market (276 colony-forming unit) than the air in the workplace of controls (7 colony-forming unit). Conclusion The fruit and vegetable market workers (greengrocers) had a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms relative to office workers. Respiratory protective devices should be given to deliver preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulualem Gete Feleke
- Department of nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia
| | - Yidnekachew Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Meaza Gezu Shentema
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Wakuma
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Emiru
- Diseases Prevention and Control, Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu
- Department of nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia
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Debela M, Kebeta ND, Begosaw AM, Okello G, Azage M. Bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in the Metehara and Wonji sugar factories in Ethiopia: a longitudinal study design. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001511. [PMID: 37567741 PMCID: PMC10423784 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia's sugar factories are growing by creating job opportunities for thousands of workers with varying educational, professional and socioeconomic backgrounds. These sugar factories are a source of several hazards that severely harm the workers' health. In this context, there is inconclusive evidence on the level of bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory health symptoms. This study aimed to assess the degree of bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory health symptoms. METHODS In this longitudinal study, five workstations were selected for dust sampling. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1043 participants. We measured the dust intensity using a calibrated handheld real-time dust monitor once a month for 5 months, totalling 50 dust samples. Chronic respiratory symptoms were assessed using the American Thoracic Society's respiratory symptoms questionnaire. RESULTS A 1 hour time-weighted average of bagasse dust intensity in the boiler, power turbine and evaporation plant was 8.93 mg/m3, 8.88 mg/m3 and 8.68 mg/m3, respectively. This corresponded to an exposure level to bagasse dust of 85.52% (95% CI 83.2% to 87.6%). The level of chronic respiratory health symptoms was 60.6% (95% CI 59.2% to 61.9%). The most common respiratory symptoms were wheezing (96.8%), coughing (89.7%) and breathlessness (80.9%). The identified risk factors were lack of dust control technology (β= 0.64, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.75), not practising wet spray (β = 0.27, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.41) and not wearing proper respiratory protection devices (β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.56). CONCLUSIONS Bagasse dust exposure and respiratory health abnormalities were worrying concerns. The absence of dust control technologies and no practice of wet spraying elevated the level of exposure. Not wearing proper respiratory protection gear increased the odds of having respiratory abnormalities. Hence, the use of mechanical solutions to stop dust emissions at their sources and the wearing of proper respiratory protection gear are highly advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku Debela
- Department of Environmental Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Gabriel Okello
- Sustainability Leadership, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muluken Azage
- Department of Environmental Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Ashuro Z, Hareru HE, Soboksa NE, Abaya SW, Zele YT. Occupational exposure to dust and respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284551. [PMID: 37478114 PMCID: PMC10361507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational respiratory disorders are a major global public health concern among workers exposed to dust particles in dust-generating workplaces. Despite fragmented research findings on the magnitude of respiratory problems and the lack of a national occupational respiratory disease recording and reporting system at the Ethiopian factory, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among factory workers were unknown. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize and pool estimates from studies that reported the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors among Ethiopian factory workers who worked in dusty environments. METHODS A systematic literature searches were conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, African Journals Online, and Web of Science). The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors, respectively. The STATA version 17 was used to analyze the data. A random effect meta-analysis model was used. Eggers test with p-value less than 5%, as well as the funnel plot, were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS The searches yielded 1596 articles, 15 of which were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers was 54.96% [95% confidence interval (CI):49.33-60.59%]. Lack of occupational health and safety (OSH) training [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.34, 95%CI:1.56-3.52], work experience of over 5 years [OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.33-7.65], not using personal protective equipment (PPE) [OR = 1.76, 95%CI:1.30-2.39], and working more than eight hours per day [OR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.16-3.05] were all significant predictors of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION The prevalence of respiratory symptom was found to be high in Ethiopian factory workers. To prevent workers from being exposed to dust, regular provision and monitoring of PPE use, workers OSH training, and adequate ventilation in the workplace should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemachu Ashuro
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Endashaw Hareru
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Negasa Eshete Soboksa
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yifokire Tefera Zele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Daba C, Debela SA, Atamo A, Desye B, Necho M, Tefera YM, Yeshanew F, Gebrehiwot M. Prevalence of occupational respiratory symptoms and associated factors among industry workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288238. [PMID: 37440513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational respiratory diseases are major global public health problems, particularly for industry workers. Several studies have investigated occupational respiratory symptoms in various parts of Ethiopia. The findings have been inconsistent and inconclusive, and there is no nationally representative data on the subject. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with occupational respiratory symptoms among industry workers in Ethiopia (2010-2022). METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis framework Guidelines, search was conducted on several international databases including PubMed, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Hinari, Global Health, and Google scholar. The extracted data was analyzed using STATA 14. Random effect model was used to estimate the effect size. Egger regression test and I2 statistics were used to determine potential publication bias and heterogeneity, respectively among the reviewed articles. RESULTS The meta-analysis included a total of 15 studies with 5,135 participants, revealing a pooled prevalence of 51.6% (95% CI: 43.6-59.6) for occupational respiratory symptoms among industry workers in Ethiopia. The absence of personal protective equipment (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: [1.17-3.32]), lack of occupational health and safety training (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: [2.36-3.93]), previous dust exposure (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: [2.3-4.37]), poor working environment (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: [1.7-3.2]), work experience greater than five years (OR = 4.04, 95% CI: [1.61-10.16]), smoking (OR = 6.91, 95% CI: [2.94-16.2]), and previous respiratory illness (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: [2.44-7.42]) were found to associate with the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of occupational respiratory symptoms among industry workers in Ethiopia underscores the urgent need for effective interventions. The provision of personal protective equipment and improvement of working environments by the government, industry owners, and other stakeholders are crucial in reducing occupational respiratory symptoms. Additionally, prioritizing occupational health and safety training for industry workers can help prevent and mitigate the impact of occupational respiratory diseases. REGISTRATION This systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with a specific registration number CRD42022383745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chala Daba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Abebe Debela
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Atamo
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Desye
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yonatal Mesfin Tefera
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Fanos Yeshanew
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Choudhury SARA, Rayhan A, Ahmed S, Chakrabortty R, Rahman MA, Masud AA, Paul SK, Sami Al Hasan A. Frequency of respiratory symptoms among rice mill workers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1129. [PMID: 36824618 PMCID: PMC9942698 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Rice mill workers are frequently exposed to rice dust specks containing bacteria, endotoxins, spores, and chemicals in workplaces. Consequently, they develop diverse respiratory symptoms that lead to increased disability and social burden. The present study was conducted to observe the frequency of respiratory symptoms among rice mill workers in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at different rice mills in Rangpur district of Bangladesh. Three hundred and forty-six rice mill workers, both male and female of 18 years and above, with a job experience of at least 3 years, were selected as study subjects. An equal number of people who had never worked at rice mills were selected from the nearby locality as the nonexposed group. Enquiries were made regarding respiratory symptoms with the help of a preformed questionnaire which contained sociodemographic characteristics, occupational history, potential confounding factors, and physical parameters. A respiratory dust sampler was used to measure workplace dust concentration. Results The presence of one or more respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among rice mill workers than in the nonexposed group (52.3% vs. 17.6%). Rice mill workers who worked for more than 10 h and had a working experience of more than 15 years had a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms (41.3% and 39.8%, respectively). Rice mill workers with body mass index (BMI) <18.5 also exhibited more respiratory symptoms (25.4%). All working sections had a higher-than-average dust concentration level, with the milling section being the dustiest (PM 2.5 492.1 µg/m3). Conclusion This study showed an increased frequency of respiratory symptoms among rice mill workers of Bangladesh. Longer working experience and working hours, low BMI and high dust concentration levels were strongly associated with that increase in frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah A. R. A. Choudhury
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Abu Rayhan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rajashish Chakrabortty
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Rahman
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Abdullah A. Masud
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Susanta K. Paul
- Department of Respiratory MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Negash BM, Abaya SW, Abegaz T, Takele AK, Mekonnen WT, Negatu HB, Gintamo TT, Tamirat T, Koirita GK. Assessment of paper dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among paper factory workers in, Ethiopia; a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36726142 PMCID: PMC9890692 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers in pulp and paper factories are continuously exposed to paper dust. Excessive exposure to paper dust can cause respiratory disease. Information about the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and dust exposure levels among workers in pulp and paper factories is not available in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess personal total dust exposure levels, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and their associated risk factors among workers in Ethiopian pulp and paper factories. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 40 dust measurements were carried out on 20 randomly selected workers. To assess chronic respiratory symptoms and associated factors, 434 workers from two paper factories and controls were interviewed using a standard questionnaire adapted from the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Gravimetric analyses of the filters were undertaken using a standard microbalance. Poisson regression was performed for comparing the prevalence of symptoms and risk factors for the two groups. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. RESULT The arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) of dust exposure levels among the paper factories workers were 11.3 (± 7.7) and 10.2 (± 1.4) mg/m3 respectively. This exposure level exceeded the threshold limit value recommended for total dust (10 mg/m3). The prevalence of having at least one chronic respiratory symptom was about 51% among the workers in paper factories. The prevalence ratio of having chronic respiratory symptoms among paper factory workers was 5.6 times higher (PR = 6, 95% CI 3.5-10.3) than in the controls. Chronic respiratory symptoms were significantly associated with factors such as an educational status of less than grade 9, being employed in the work sections of the factories, having work experience of 5 years and above, working more than 8 h per day and having a past history of occupation and respiratory illnesses. CONCLUSION The dust concentration in the paper factories exceeded the acceptable recommended limit value of 10 mg/m3. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among paper factory workers was higher than among controls. The main determining factors for chronic respiratory symptoms among the workers were the specific work section such as production section, low income, having past history of respiratory illnesses, the number of years of working and low educational status. This finding indicated the need for improving the working conditions in paper factories in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferi Abegaz
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Kumie Takele
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Tefera Mekonnen
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hager Badima Negatu
- grid.463056.2Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Teshome Tamirat
- grid.463056.2Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gelaneh Kusse Koirita
- grid.460724.30000 0004 5373 1026St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Biswas M, Pranav PK, Nag PK. Effect on pulmonary functions of dust exposed rice mill workers in comparison to an unexposed population. Work 2023; 74:945-953. [PMID: 36683519 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paddy milling is the oldest and largest agro-processing industry in India. A large number of workers are employed in the rice mills where they are potentially exposed to dust. It has been shown that exposure to dust results in a high prevalence of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, extrinsic allergic alveoli ties, toxic syndrome, and interstitial lung disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dust on rice mill workers' health using lung function tests with comparison to an unexposed population. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred eighteen rice mill workers (exposed volunteers) were randomly selected from 25 rice mills in Assam, India. Participants were 18-60 years with at least one year of work experience. Further, 377 volunteers who were not exposed to dust and having similar demographic characteristics also participated as a control group. METHOD Pulmonary function tests were conducted for all participants by spirometry. The tests included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (%), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory flow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity (FEF25-75%). Values from exposed workers were compared with the unexposed volunteers. RESULTS It was observed that the lung function parameters FVC, FEV1, PEF and FEF25-75% in exposed workers were significantly decreased compared with unexposed volunteers. There were also significantly decreased FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, PEF and FEF25-75% with increase in age and duration of dust exposure. It was further observed that 48% and 32% of the total male and female volunteers, respectively, had evidence of lung disease. Irrespective of gender, approximately 45% of mill workers had evidence of lung disease, of which 21% was restrictive and 24% was obstructive. CONCLUSION Compared with unexposed controls, rice mill workers have a greater prevalence of respiratory disease based on pulmonary function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Biswas
- Agriculture College, Garhwa, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, India
| | - Prabhanjan Kumar Pranav
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Samastipur, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Nag
- Rama Krishna Mission Vivekananda University, IRDM Centre, Kolkata, India
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Ahmed S, Choudhury SARA, Dip AH, Bose T, Sarkar AK, Rahman MA, Ferdous J. Respiratory symptoms, spirometric, and radiological status of stone‐cutting workers in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e753. [PMID: 35949668 PMCID: PMC9358530 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Abir Hasan Dip
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Taposh Bose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Rangpur Medical College and Hospital Rangpur Bangladesh
| | - Ashis Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Rangpur Medical College and Hospital Rangpur Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biochemistry Northern International Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh
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Awoke TY, Takele AK, Mekonnen WT, Abaya SW, Zele YT, Alemseged EA, Abay BG. Assessment of dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in medium scale woodwork factories in Ethiopia; a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 33549074 PMCID: PMC7866434 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wood dust in a form of inhalable particulates can penetrate the lung tissues and affect respiratory health. Woodwork factory workers are at a greater risk of developing respiratory health problems because of exposure in their working environment, but existing data were few. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, associated factors, and concentration of personal total wood dust level among medium-scale woodwork factory workers. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 506 woodwork factory workers. We selected study participants using a simple random sampling technique. We assessed chronic respiratory symptoms using the British Medical Research Council respiratory symptoms questionnaire with a few modifications. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors. Forty dust measurements were collected from 20 randomly selected workers using a closed-face cassette (CFC) personal sampler. We analyzed the dust samples gravimetrically using a standard microbalance scale. Results We recruited a random sample of 506 workers in the study with a response rate of 98%. The prevalence of chronic respiratory health symptoms among woodworkers was 69.8% with a prevalence of cough (54.6%), phlegm (52.2%), wheezing (44.6%), breathlessness (42.1%), and chest pain (42.9%). Past occupational dust exposure history (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI; 1.09–4.01), work experience > 5 years (AOR = 9.18, 95% CI; 5.27–16.00), using bio-fuel as energy for cooking (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI; 1.44–4.07), and having no occupational safety and health training (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI; 1.20–9.49) were factors that significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms among woodwork workers. The geometric mean (GM) of dust exposure level among woodworkers was 10.27 mg/m3, which exceeded the limit of 10 mg/m3 set by the ACGIH. Conclusions High prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was reported from woodwork factory workers. Increased work- experience, using bio-fuel as an energy source for cooking, past occupational dust exposure history, and having no occupational safety and health training were identified risk factors. The measured average personal wood dust exposure level was above the recommended occupational threshold limit value. Therefore, workers’ wood dust exposure reduction and control methods and respiratory health awareness programs should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegegnework Yitayew Awoke
- Addis Ababa City Administration Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abera Kumie Takele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Tefera Mekonnen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yifokire Tefera Zele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Embay Amare Alemseged
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Bezayit Girma Abay
- Addis Ababa City Administration Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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11
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Jin H, Hu S, Xie B, Yan Y, Yang M, Zhou F. Experimental optimization for cleaning parameters and field application of cartridge filter in bulk grain loading. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Andersén H, Ilmarinen P, Honkamäki J, Tuomisto LE, Piirilä P, Hisinger-Mölkänen H, Sovijärvi A, Backman H, Lundbäck B, Rönmark E, Lehtimäki L, Kankaanranta H. Dyspnea has an association with lifestyle: differences between Swedish and Finnish speaking persons in Western Finland. Eur Clin Respir J 2020; 8:1855702. [PMID: 33343838 PMCID: PMC7733976 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2020.1855702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Difference in dyspnea mMRC ≥2 between Finnish speaking and Swedish-speaking populations in Finland has not been previously studied. Methods In February 2016, a respiratory questionnaire was sent to 8000 randomly selected subjects aged 20–69 years in western Finland with a response rate of 52.3%. The registered native language of each subject determined whether questionnaire in Finnish or Swedish was applied. Multiple logistic regression was performed to calculate Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% CI for the simultaneous effects of independent variables on dyspnea mMRC ≥2. Results Of all participants, 2780 (71.9%) were Finnish speakers and 1084 (28.1%) were Swedish speakers. Finnish speakers had a higher prevalence of dyspnea mMRC ≥2 (11.1% vs 6.5% p < 0.001) when compared to Swedish speakers. Finnish speakers smoked more often, had higher BMI, spent less time moving during the day, had more often occupational exposure to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF), and had lower socioeconomic status based on occupation. Significant risk factors for dyspnea mMRC ≥2 were COPD (OR = 10.94), BMI >35 (OR = 9.74), asthma (OR = 4.78), female gender (OR = 2.38), older age (OR = 2.20), current smoking (OR = 1.59), and occupational exposure to VGDF (OR = 1.47). Conclusions Swedish speakers had less dyspnea mMRC ≥2 which is explained by a healthier lifestyle. Smoking, obesity, and occupational exposures should be in focus to improve respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Andersén
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Tema Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jasmin Honkamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena E Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anssi Sovijärvi
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krefting Research Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Krefting Research Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Alemseged EA, Takele AK, Zele Y, Abaya SW, Kiros KG, Mehari M, Bezabh YA, Atsbaha AH, Awoke TY, Goyteom MH. Assessment of Chronic Respiratory Health Symptoms and Associated Factors Among Flour Mill Factory Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:483-492. [PMID: 33116656 PMCID: PMC7569031 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s273820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flour mill workers are at high risk of developing respiratory symptoms due to exposure to flour dust in their working environment. Exposure to flour dust linked with the development of chronic respiratory disorders. However, very little evidence has been available on the respiratory symptoms of exposed workers in large-scale flour mill factories. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess chronic respiratory health symptoms and associated factors among flour mill workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 424 randomly selected workers from Addis Ababa flour mill factories. Respiratory health symptoms were assessed using an American Thoracic Society standard questionnaire customized with local context. Data were checked for completeness and Epi-Info V. 7.2 and SPSS V.21 statistical software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with chronic respiratory health symptoms. Variables that had significant association were identified based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p <0.05. Data were presented using tables, texts and figures. Results The prevalence of chronic respiratory health symptoms among flour mill factory workers was 58.3% (95% CI: 53.7–63.4). Chronic respiratory health symptoms were significantly associated with age group (AOR=1.95, 95% CI; 1.17–2.79 and AOR=12.3, 95% CI; 4.39–34.6), monthly income (AOR=1.68, 95% CI; 1–2.79), work experience (AOR=2.58, 95% CI; 1–6.62), past dust exposure (AOR=1.86, 95% CI; 1.08–3.2) and utilization of respiratory protective equipment (AOR=2.29, 95% CI; 1.27–4.13). Conclusion and Recommendation Chronic respiratory health symptoms were highly prevalent among flour mill factory workers. Supportive supervision and cooperation between Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, flour mill managers and workers are needed to reduce exposure and improve working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Embay Amare Alemseged
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Kumie Takele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yifokire Zele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kbrom Gmechu Kiros
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Medhin Mehari
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Angaw Bezabh
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Abadi Hailay Atsbaha
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mekonnen Haftom Goyteom
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Management of Indoor Airborne Aspergillus flavus by Traditional Air Purifiers Commonly used in India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Lagiso ZA, Mekonnen WT, Abaya SW, Takele AK, Workneh HM. Chronic respiratory symptoms, lung function and associated factors among flour mill factory workers in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: "comparative cross-sectional study". BMC Public Health 2020; 20:909. [PMID: 32527249 PMCID: PMC7291423 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational related respiratory diseases arise as a result of the deposition of dust particles in the lungs. Flour milling industries; generate organic dust during industrial processes, such as cleaning, milling, packaging, and loading which release dust into the air and later inhaled by workers. Flour mill workers are at risk of developing respiratory health problems because of exposure in their working environment, but existing data were few. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, lung function and associated factors among flour mill factory workers. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 flour mill factory workers and 210 soft drinks factory workers. We selected study participants using a systematic sampling technique. We assessed the chronic respiratory symptoms using the questionnaire adopted from the British Medical Research Council. Binary logistic regression analysis with 95% CI and p < 0.05 was used to identify the factors. Lung function parameters; Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and ratio FEV1/FVC was measured by using spirometer and analyzed by using an independent t-test. Results We included 406 (96.7%) workers in this study. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was higher among flour mill workers as compared to soft-drinks factory workers (56.6% vs.12.9%). Primary education (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI, 1.3–23.2), mixing department (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.68–16.56), work experience 6–9 years (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI = 2.05–12.48), work experience ≥10 years (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.01–6.11) and working over eight hours (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.16–5.10) were factors that significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms among flour mill workers. FVC (p < 0.002), FEV1 (p < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.012) were significantly reduced among flour mill workers. Conclusions We found chronic respiratory symptoms to be high among flour mill workers. Lower education level, mixing department, increased work experience, and longer working hours were identified factors. The flour mill dust exposed worker’s lung function parameters were highly reduced. This study suggested that workers’ dust exposure reduction and control methods in flour mill factories need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso
- College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Worku Tefera Mekonnen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 90861000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 90861000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Kumie Takele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 90861000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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K. Hosseini D, Malekshahi Nejad V, Sun H, K. Hosseini H, Adeli SH, Wang T. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes among non-smoker male wood workers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224860. [PMID: 32187180 PMCID: PMC7080227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effects of workplace exposure to hardwood dust on lung function and determine a prevalence of respiratory symptoms among wood workers. Study design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and methods Two hundred seventy-six, non-smoker male wood workers and equal number of non-smoker male office workers, referred to pulmonology clinic included in this study. Evaluation of study participants included completion of a questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms and baseline spirometry was measured according to the actual recommendations. Results Respiratory symptoms including cough, phlegm, chest tightness, and wheezing were significantly higher in wood workers than office workers (40.2% versus 29.3% for cough, p = 0.0073; 40.6% versus 23.6% for phlegm, p<0.0001; 38.0% versus 23.1% for chest tightness, p = 0.0001; 25.3% versus 14.5% for wheezing, p = 0.0014). No statistically significant differences were observed for Dyspnea, and upper respiratory tract symptoms among wood workers compared to office workers. While wood workers were more likely to require spirometry test than office workers (21.4% versus 5.4%, p<0.001) the obstructive changes were more prevalent on spirometry test in wood workers (71.4% obstructive pattern versus 28.6% restrictive pattern). Spirometry test revealed the mean values of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly lower in the wood workers, compared to their mean values in the control group. Conclusion Respiratory symptoms associated with work, are more prevalent among wood workers than office workers. Our data revealed that workplace exposure to hardwood dust may compromise respiratory function, indicating the importance and the need for optimizing preventive measures in workplace to protect the respiratory health among exposed workers. Obstructive changes on pulmonary function test is a dominant pathologic pattern in pulmonary function test among wood workers. Further investigation is required by current available tools such as nasal cytology to detect influence of wood dust exposure on the upper respiratory airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood K. Hosseini
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DKH); (TW)
| | | | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Hanieh K. Hosseini
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Seyyed Hassan Adeli
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail: (DKH); (TW)
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17
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Roy S, Dasgupta A, Bandyopadhyay L, Paul B, Bandyopadhyay S, Kumar M. Morbidities of rice mill workers and associated factors in a block of West Bengal: A matter of concern. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:359-366. [PMID: 32110619 PMCID: PMC7014863 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_858_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Rice mill workers usually belong to unorganized sector and lack in training regarding hazard prevention. Unprotected exposure to suspended particles and fumes can lead to respiratory morbidities among them. Workers, especially loaders, were susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal diseases. Aim: To find out the morbidity profile and associated factors among rice mill workers. Methodology: A cross-sectional workplace-based study was conducted during July--September 2018 among 143 workers of two rice mills in Indas block, West Bengal. Workers, employed for at least 6 months in the rice mills and who gave informed written consent was interviewed using a predesigned pretested questionnaire and were clinically examined. Nonfasting capillary blood glucose estimation and spirometry were carried out. Workers contraindicated to spirometry were excluded. Result: Commonest morbidities were musculoskeletal discomfort (65%), hypertension (20.9%), and chronic respiratory morbidity (16.9%). No personal protective equipment (PPE) was used by these workers. Significant association of musculoskeletal discomfort was found with tobacco abuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =2.90), job of loader (AOR = 3.51), and central obesity (AOR = 3.39). Hypertension was significantly associated with increasing age (AOR = 1.06), and increasing body mass index (AOR = 1.17). Whereas increasing age (AOR = 1.08), working inside mill (AOR = 7.58), working more than 48 hours a week (AOR = 7.37) were significantly associated with chronic respiratory morbidity. Conclusion: Optimization of working hours, effective continuous use of PPE, and use of proper ventilation technology are recommended. Proper work placement, preplacement examination, and periodic health screening with spirometry are also needed.
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18
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Rodríguez-Zamora MG, Zock JP, van Wendel de Joode B, Mora AM. Respiratory Health Outcomes, Rhinitis, and Eczema in Workers from Grain Storage Facilities in Costa Rica. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:1077-1086. [PMID: 30016387 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the associations of inhalable grain dust exposure with respiratory health outcomes, rhinitis, and eczema reported by workers from rice, wheat, and maize storage facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study of 136 workers (73 operators and 63 administrative staff and other workers) from eight Costa Rican grain storage facilities was conducted in 2014-2015. Full-shift personal inhalable dust samples from all workers were collected. Study participants were administered a short version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire to identify symptoms of asthma, chronic bronchitis, rhinitis, and eczema. Associations between grain dust exposure and health outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression models adjusted for age, smoking history, grain type, and presence of pets or farm animals in the home. Results The median inhalable grain dust concentration was 2.0 (25th to 75th percentile: 0.3-7.0) mg m-3. Higher concentrations of inhalable dust were associated with increased odds of (i) asthma symptoms or medication use [adjusted Odds ratio (ORa) per 10-fold increase in dust concentration 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-6.7]; (ii) a score of at least two out of five symptoms suggestive of asthma (ORa 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1.3); and (iii) eczema (ORa 3.6; 95% CI: 1.7-9.6). No associations of inhalable grain dust exposure with chronic bronchitis and rhinitis were observed. Conclusions High exposure to inhalable dust in Costa Rican grain storage facilities was associated to asthma symptoms and eczema in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Rodríguez-Zamora
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental (EISLHA), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Omar Dengo Campus, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ana M Mora
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Omar Dengo Campus, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Status among Workers of Flour Mills in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Pulm Med 2018; 2018:9521297. [PMID: 30473887 PMCID: PMC6220375 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9521297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flour dust in the respiratory tract affects lung function. Flour dust is a heterogeneous organic substance which can have a tendency to cause respiratory ailments. There is growing consensus on the deleterious effects of flour dust on respiratory symptoms and lung performance of flour mill workers. Methods The study design was comparative cross-sectional. A total of 54 flour mill workers who work for more than eight-hour shift per day and 54 control subjects matched for sex, age, weight, height, and area of residence were enrolled. Anthropometric measurement was done. Lung function was measured by using a digital portable spirometer (Spiro Pro) based on the ATS guidelines. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and FEF25% -75% were measured. Productive cough, dry cough, wheeze, and breathlessness were evaluated using BMRC questionnaire guidelines, administered through face-to-face interview. Result This study showed statistically significant reduction in the mean values of pulmonary function tests in flour mill workers as compared to their matched controls. Reduction of pulmonary function indices in study subjects was significant for FVC (4.25±0.93 vs. 5.30±0.71, p<0.001), FEV1 (3.46±0.86 vs. 4.50±0.72, p<0.001), PEFR (5.43±2.43 vs. 7.87±2.53, p<0.001), and FEF25% -75%, (3.87±1.61 vs. 4.60±1.60, p<0.05), but not significant for FEV1/FVC (81.93±12.74 vs. 83.40±12.50, p>0.05). Flour mill workers developed 27.7% of restrictive type and 11.1% of obstructive type of lung disorders. Percentage prevalence of respiratory symptoms was evaluated as dry cough (27.7% vs. 9.3%), productive cough (11.1% vs. 5.6%), wheeze (14.8% vs. 3.8%), and breathlessness (16.6% vs.7.4%) in flour mill workers and controls, respectively. Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, occupational exposure to flour dust could cause respiratory dysfunction, thereby reducing lung efficiency.
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Rana MC, Naskar S, Roy R, Das DK, Das S. Respiratory Morbidity among Rice Mill Workers in an Urban Area of Burdwan District, West Bengal: A Cross-sectional Study. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018; 22:5-10. [PMID: 29743778 PMCID: PMC5932913 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_20_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rice mill workers constitute a special group from the perspective of occupational health. Unprotected dust exposure among them adversely affects their respiratory health, which needs to be evaluated. Adequate evidence is still lacking in many parts of India including West Bengal. Burdwan is one of the main rice-producing districts in the state with abundant rice mills. Aim: The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence and pattern of respiratory morbidity and associated background characteristics of rice mill workers. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Burdwan municipality area during July–December 2016. Materials and Methods: Considering 44.2% prevalence, 95% confidence interval, 15% allowable error, 10% non-response, a sample of 252 directly engaged rice mill workers were selected through multistage random sampling. With prior consent, the subjects were interviewed, clinically examined, and underwent spirometry; relevant records were also reviewed using a pre-designed schedule. Any abnormal spirometry finding was considered as respiratory morbidity. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethics committee. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were applied. Results: Prevalence of respiratory morbidity was 40.73% with obstructive and restrictive respiratory morbidity being 24.60% and 16.13%, respectively. Non-use of any protective measure, duration (years) of working in rice mill and average daily working hours were significant predictors of respiratory morbidity. Conclusion: Respiratory morbidity is quite high in the area. Proper health education and provision of personal protective equipments need to be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Ch Rana
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Naskar
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramaprasad Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip Kr Das
- Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumya Das
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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HARATI B, SHAHTAHERI SJ, KARIMI A, AZAM K, AHMADI A, AFZALI RAD M, HARATI A. Evaluation of Respiratory Symptoms among Workers in an Automobile Manufacturing Factory, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:237-245. [PMID: 29445634 PMCID: PMC5810387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study estimated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disorders among workers exposed to exposure to volatile organic compound (VOCs) in an automobile manufacturing factory in Tehran, Iran in 2016. METHODS Subjects of this case-control research were included 80 samples including 40 workers exposed to different level of BTEX as well as 40 unexposed individuals were considered as control group. Methods 1501 and 7602 presented by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) were used for the sampling and analysis of compounds in the air. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) was used for analysis of compounds of interest. Six silica samples were collected during the campaign. Silica analyses were performed by using visible absorption spectrophotometry system. Lung functions were evaluated for 80 workers (40 exposed, 40 nonexposed) using spirometry system. RESULTS The average amount of total dust and free silica measured in factory were 7.3±1.04 mg.m-3 and 0.017±0.02 mg.m-3 respectively. Average benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene exposure levels in exposed subject's median were 0.775±0.12, 1.2±2.08, 45.8±8.5, and 42.5±23.9 ppm respectively. Statistical tests showed significant difference between pulmonary function tests (except PEF) of exposed and non-exposed individuals before and after employment (P<0.05). Workers exposed to VOCs presented lower levels of FVC, VC, and PEF than the control group except FEV1/FVC%, FEV1, FEF2575 and FEV1/VC%. CONCLUSION Decline in lung volumes and respiratory symptoms, significant difference associated with the exposure to dust or gas, duration of exposure, and smoking habit. Therefore, lung function tests should be performed before and after the employment to identify sensitive workers candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram HARATI
- Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin SHAHTAHERI
- Dept. of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Ali KARIMI
- Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal AZAM
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza AHMADI
- Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam AFZALI RAD
- Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali HARATI
- Dept. of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
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Rodríguez-Zamora MG, Medina-Escobar L, Mora G, Zock JP, van Wendel de Joode B, Mora AM. Dust exposure in workers from grain storage facilities in Costa Rica. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1039-1045. [PMID: 28663028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 12 million workers are involved in the production of basic grains in Central America. However, few studies in the region have examined the occupational factors associated with inhalable dust exposure. OBJECTIVES (i) To assess the exposure to inhalable dust in workers from rice, maize, and wheat storage facilities in Costa Rica; (ii) to examine the occupational factors associated with this exposure; and (iii) to measure concentrations of respirable and thoracic particles in different areas of the storage facilities. METHODS We measured inhalable (<100μm) dust concentrations in 176 personal samples collected from 136 workers of eight grain storage facilities in Costa Rica. We also measured respirable (<4μm) and thoracic (<10μm) dust particles in several areas of the storage facilities. RESULTS Geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) inhalable dust concentrations were 2.0mg/m3 and 7.8 (range=<0.2-275.4mg/m3). Personal inhalable dust concentrations were associated with job category [GM for category/GM for administrative staff and other workers (95% CI)=4.4 (2.6, 7.2) for packing; 20.4 (12.3, 34.7) for dehulling; 109.6 (50.1, 234.4) for unloading in flat bed sheds; 24.0 (14.5, 39.8) for unloading in pits; and 31.6 (18.6, 52.5) for drying], and cleaning task [15.8 (95% CI: 10.0, 26.3) in workers who cleaned in addition to their regular tasks]. Higher area concentrations of thoracic dust particles were found in wheat (GM and GSD=4.3mg/m3 and 4.5) and maize (3.0mg/m3 and 3.9) storage facilities, and in grain drying (2.3mg/m3 and 3.1) and unloading (1.5mg/m3 and 4.8) areas. CONCLUSIONS Operators of grain storage facilities showed elevated inhalable dust concentrations, mostly above international exposure limits. Better engineering and administrative controls are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Rodríguez-Zamora
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental (EISLHA), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
| | - Lourdes Medina-Escobar
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental (EISLHA), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Glend Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental (EISLHA), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ana M Mora
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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23
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Das B. Assessment of respiratory symptoms and lung function values among the brick field workers of West Bengal, India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 71:222-230. [PMID: 26176596 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2015.1067177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brick manufacturing process releases large amounts of silica dust into the work environment due to the use of silica-containing materials. The main aim of the study was to investigate the impairment of lung function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the different groups of brick field workers in comparison with control subjects. A total of 250 brick field workers and 130 unexposed control subjects were randomly selected in which demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, and lung function values were recorded. The result showed significantly lower p value (<.001) in lung function and respiratory symptoms among brick field workers when compared with control group. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was dyspnea (46.8%), phlegm (39.2%), and chest tightness (27.6%). Dust exposure in working environment affected the lung function values and increased the respiratory symptoms among the brick field workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banibrata Das
- a Department of Physiology , South Calcutta Girls' College, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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24
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Axelsson M, Lindberg A, Kainu A, Rönmark E, Jansson SA. Respiratory symptoms increase health care consumption and affect everyday life - a cross-sectional population-based study from Finland, Estonia, and Sweden. Eur Clin Respir J 2016; 3:31024. [PMID: 27238359 PMCID: PMC4884682 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v3.31024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though respiratory symptoms are common in the adult population, there is limited research describing their impact on everyday life and association with health care consumption. AIM The main objective of this population-based study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among adults in Finland, Estonia, and Sweden in relation to health care consumption and to identify factors influencing health care consumption. A secondary aim was to assess to which extent the presence of respiratory symptoms affect everyday life. METHOD In the population-based FinEsS studies consisting of random samples of subjects aged 20 to 69 years from Finland (n=1,337), Estonia (n=1,346), and Sweden (n=1,953), data on demographics, respiratory health, and health care consumption were collected by structured interviews. Prevalence was compared and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Respiratory symptoms were significantly more common in Finland (66.0%) and Estonia (65.2%) than in Sweden (54.1%). Among subjects with respiratory symptoms, the proportion reporting outpatient care during the past year was fairly similar in the three countries, while specialist consultations were more common in Finland (19.1%), and hospitalisations more common in Estonia (15.0%). Finnish and Estonian residency, female sex, and BMI>25 increased the risk for outpatient care consumption. Wheeze and attacks of shortness of breath in the past 12 months, recurrent sputum production, and cough were associated with an increased risk for health care consumption. Increasing number of respiratory symptoms increased the risk for consuming health care. A larger proportion of subjects in Estonia and Sweden experienced their everyday life being affected by respiratory symptoms compared with subjects in Finland. CONCLUSION Respiratory symptoms are common in Finland, Estonia, and Sweden and contribute to a negative impact on everyday life as well as increased health care consumption. The observed differences in health care consumption between countries are probably related to national differences in health care structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Axelsson
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annette Kainu
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sven-Arne Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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