1
|
Burgay F, Barbaro E, Cappelletti D, Turetta C, Gallet JC, Isaksson E, Stenni B, Dreossi G, Scoto F, Barbante C, Spolaor A. First discrete iron(II) records from Dome C (Antarctica) and the Holtedahlfonna glacier (Svalbard). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129335. [PMID: 33352366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) is more soluble and bioavailable than Fe(III) species, therefore the investigation of their relative abundance and redox processes is relevant to better assess the supply of bioavailable iron to the ocean and its impact on marine productivity. In this context, we present a discrete chemiluminescence-based method for the determination of Fe(II) in firn matrices. The method was applied on discrete samples from a snow pit collected at Dome C (DC, Antarctica) and on a shallow firn core from the Holtedahlfonna glacier (HDF, Svalbard), providing the first Fe(II) record from both Antarctica and Svalbard. The method showed low detection limits (0.006 ng g-1 for DC and 0.003 ng g-1 for the HDF) and a precision ranging from 3% to 20% RSD. Fe(II) concentrations ranged between the LoD and 0.077 ng g-1 and between the LoD and 0.300 ng g-1 for the Antarctic and Arctic samples, respectively. The Fe(II) contribution with respect to the total dissolved Fe was comparable in both sites accounting, on average, for 5% and 3%, respectively. We found that Fe(II) correctly identified the Pinatubo/Cerro Hudson eruption in the DC record, demonstrating its reliability as volcanic tracer, while, on the HDF core, we provided the first preliminary insight on the processes that might influence Fe speciation in firn matrices (i.e. organic ligands and pH influences).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Burgay
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Stenni
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy
| | - Giuliano Dreossi
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy; Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino, 155, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Tedeschi S, Spolaor A, Turetta C, Vecchiato M, Morabito E, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Interannual variability of sugars in Arctic aerosol: Biomass burning and biogenic inputs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136089. [PMID: 31864999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and particle-size distribution of sugars in Arctic aerosol samples were studied to investigate their potential sources and transport. Sugars are constituents of the water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) fraction in aerosol particles where some saccharides are used as tracers of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAPs). Monosaccharides (arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose, xylose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose, lactulose), alcohol-sugars (erythritol, mannitol, ribitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, galactitol) and anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan) were quantified in aerosol samples collected during three different sampling campaigns (spring and summer 2013, spring 2014 and 2015). The mean total concentrations of sugars were 0.4 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 0.6 ng m-3 for 2013, 2014 and 2015 spring campaigns, while the mean concentration increased to 3 ± 3 ng m-3 in the summer of 2013. This work identified a reproducibility in the sugars trend during spring, while the summer data in 2013 allowed to us to demonstrate strong local inputs when the ground was free of snow and ice. Furthermore, the study aims to show that the two specific ratios of sorbitol & galactiol to arabinose were diagnostic for the type of biomass that was burnt. This study demonstrates that not only is long-range atmospheric transport significant. But depending on seasonality, local inputs can also play an important role in the chemical composition of sugars in Arctic aerosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Silvia Tedeschi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aslam SN, Huber C, Asimakopoulos AG, Steinnes E, Mikkelsen Ø. Trace elements and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in terrestrial compartments of Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:1127-1138. [PMID: 31390703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a remote location, the Arctic is a major receptor for anthropogenic pollution transported from the mid-latitudes. Vegetation and underlying organic soils in the Norwegian Arctic, Svalbard were used to study the occurrences of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and trace elements. In this study, current concentrations of PCBs and trace elements, namely, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, U and Zn in the terrestrial compartments of Svalbard are presented. Samples were collected from Adventdalen near Longyearbyen and from areas in proximity to Ny-Ålesund. There was significant variability in soil organic matter (SOM) among the soils analysed (5.0%-72.1%), with the highest values detected in Ny-Ålesund. The concentrations of Al, As, Cr Cu, Fe, Pb and Ni were associated with the geology of the local bedrock. The concentrations of all elements, except for Cd, Hg and Zn, were higher in soils than those in the overlying vegetation layers. Mean concentrations of ∑PCBs were significantly higher in vegetation (6.90 ± 0.81 ng g-1 dw) than the underlying organic soils (3.70 ± 0.36 ng g-1 dw). An inverse correlation of PCBs with the elements originating from the local bedrock indicated that their concentrations were potentially impacted by atmospheric deposition. PCBs and Cd were strongly associated, proposing a potential concomitant source of origin in Svalbard. Concentrations of PCBs and trace elements measured herein were below the proposed guidelines for Norwegian soil quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia N Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
| | - Carolin Huber
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Kirchgeorg T, Spolaor A, Turetta C, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Free and combined L- and D-amino acids in Arctic aerosol. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:412-421. [PMID: 30597360 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol samples were collected with a high-volume cascade impactor with a 10 day sampling frequency at the Gruvebadet observatory, close to Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands). A total of 42 filters were analyzed for free and combined amino acids, as they are key components of bio-aerosol. This article provides the first investigation of free and combined L- and d-amino acids in Arctic atmospheric particulate matter. The main aim of this study was to determine how these compounds are distributed in size-segregated aerosols after short-range and long-range atmospheric transport and understand the possible sources of amino acids. The total load of free amino acids ranged from 2.0 to 10.8 pmol m-3, while combined amino acids ranged from 5.5 to 18.0 pmol m-3. At these levels amino compounds could play a role in the chemistry of cloud condensation nuclei and fine particles, for example by influencing their buffering capacity and basicity. Free and combined amino acids were mainly found in the fine aerosol fraction (<0.49 μm) and their concentrations could be affect by several sources, the most important of which were biological primary production and biomass burning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Torben Kirchgeorg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chemical Composition of Aerosol over the Arctic Ocean from Summer ARctic EXpedition (AREX) 2011–2012 Cruises: Ions, Amines, Elemental Carbon, Organic Matter, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, n-Alkanes, Metals, and Rare Earth Elements. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the summers of 2011 and 2012, two scientific cruises were carried out over the Arctic Ocean aiming at the determination of the aerosol chemical composition in this pristine environment. First, mass spectrometry was applied to study the concentration and gas/particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes. Experimental and modelled data of phase partitioning were compared: results demonstrated an equilibrium between gas and particle phase for PAHs, while n-alkanes showed a particle-oriented partitioning, due to the local marine origin of them, confirmed by the extremely low value of their carbon preference index. Moreover, the inorganic and organic ions (carboxylic acids and amines) concentrations, together with those of elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter (OM), were analyzed: 63% of aerosol was composed of ionic compounds (>90% from sea-salt) and the OM content was very high (30.5%; close to 29.0% of Cl−) in agreement with n-alkanes’ marine signature. Furthermore, the amines’ (dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine) concentrations were 3.98 ± 1.21, 1.70 ± 0.82, and 1.06 ± 0.56 p.p.t.v., respectively, fully in keeping with concentration values used in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplet)-chamber experiments to simulate the ambient nucleation rate in a H2SO4-DMA-H2O system, showing the amines’ importance in polar regions to promote new particle formation. Finally, high resolution mass spectrometry was applied to determine trace elements, including Rare Earth Elements (REEs), highlighting the dominant natural versus anthropic inputs for trace metals (e.g., Fe, Mn, Ti vs. As, Cd, Ni) and possible signatures of such anthropic activity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vecchiato M, Barbaro E, Spolaor A, Burgay F, Barbante C, Piazza R, Gambaro A. Fragrances and PAHs in snow and seawater of Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard): Local and long-range contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1740-1747. [PMID: 30061079 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions are fragile ecosystems threatened by both long-range pollution and local human contamination. In this context, the environmental distribution of the Personal Care Products (PCPs) represent a major knowledge gap. Following preliminary Antarctic studies, Fragrance Materials (FMs) were analyzed in the seawater and snow collected in the area of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, to investigate local and long-range contamination. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), including Retene, were determined in parallel to help the identification of the governing processes. Concentrations of FMs up to 72 ng L-1 were detected in the surface snow near the settlement and at increasing distances, in relation to the prevailing winds. PAHs follow a similar scheme, with levels of Retene up to 1.8 μg L-1, likely deriving from the occurrence of this compound in the coal dust due to the previous mining activities in the area. The snow seasonal deposition of FMs and PAHs was estimated in a snowpit dug at the top of the Austre Brøggerbreen glacier, indicating the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Francois Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giardi F, Traversi R, Becagli S, Severi M, Caiazzo L, Ancillotti C, Udisti R. Determination of Rare Earth Elements in multi-year high-resolution Arctic aerosol record by double focusing Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with desolvation nebulizer inlet system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:1284-1294. [PMID: 28968931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer (ICP-SFMS) was used to develop an analytical method for the fast determination of Na, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Y, Mo, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Pb in Arctic size-segregated aerosol samples (PM10), after microwave acidic digestion. The ICP-SFMS was coupled with a microflow nebulizer and a desolvation system for the sample introduction, which reduced the isobaric interferences due to oxides and the required volume of sample solutions, compared to the usual nebulization chamber methods. With its very low limit of detection, and taking into account the level of blanks, this method allowed the quantification of many metals in very low concentration. Particular attention was given to Rare Earth Elements (REEs - La to Lu). The efficiency in the extraction of REEs was proved to be acceptable, with recoveries over 83% obtained with a Certified Reference Material (AMiS 0356). The analytical method was then applied to particulate matter samples, collected at ground level in Ny Ålesund (Svalbard Islands, Norway), during spring and summer, from 2010 to 2015, with daily resolution and using a low-volume device. Thus, for the first time, a large atmospheric concentrations dataset of metals in Arctic particulate matter at high temporal resolution is presented. On the basis of differences in LREE/HREE ratio and Ce and Eu anomalies in spring and summer samples, basic information to distinguish local and long-range transported dust were achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Giardi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Caiazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Ancillotti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Udisti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CNR-ISAC, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marquès M, Sierra J, Drotikova T, Mari M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in Arctic soils: A case-study in Svalbard. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:202-211. [PMID: 28803149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A combined assessment on the levels and distribution profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements in soils from Pyramiden (Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago) is here reported. As previously stated, long-range atmospheric transport, coal deposits and previous mining extractions, as well as the stack emissions of two operative power plants at this settlement are considered as potential sources of pollution. Eight top-layer soil samples were collected and analysed for the 16 US EPA priority PAHs and for 15 trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V and Zn) during late summer of 2014. The highest levels of PAHs and trace elements were found in sampling sites located near two power plants, and at downwind from these sites. The current PAH concentrations were even higher than typical threshold values. The determination of the pyrogenic molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs) in most samples revealed that fossil fuel burning might be heavily contributing to the PAHs levels. Two different indices, the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), were determined for assessing soil samples with respect to trace elements pollution. Samples collected close to the power plants were found to be slightly and moderately polluted with zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg), respectively. The Spearman correlation showed significant correlations between the concentrations of 16 PAHs and some trace elements (Pb, V, Hg, Cu, Zn, Sn, Be) with the organic matter content, indicating that soil properties play a key role for pollutant retention in the Arctic soils. Furthermore, the correlations between ∑16 PAHs and some trace elements (e.g., Hg, Pb, Zn and Cu) suggest that the main source of contamination is probably pyrogenic, although the biogenic and petrogenic origin of PAHs should not be disregarded according to the local geology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tatiana Drotikova
- University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Department of Arctic Technology (AT), Longyearbyen, Norway; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Montse Mari
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|