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González-Delgado S, Wangensteen OS, Sangil C, Hernández CA, Alfonso B, Soto AZ, Pérez-Portela R, Mariani S, Hernández JC. High taxonomic diversity and miniaturization in benthic communities under persistent natural CO 2 disturbances. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222417. [PMID: 36987638 PMCID: PMC10050917 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding techniques have revolutionized ecological research in recent years, facilitating the differentiation of cryptic species and revealing previously hidden diversity. In the current scenario of climate change and ocean acidification, biodiversity loss is one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. Here, we explored the effects of ocean acidification on marine benthic communities using DNA metabarcoding to assess the diversity of algae and metazoans. Specifically, we examined the natural pH gradient generated by the Fuencaliente CO2 vent system, located near La Palma Island (Canary Islands). High-resolution COI metabarcoding analyses revealed high levels of taxonomic diversity in an acidified natural area for the first time. This high number of species arises from the detection of small and cryptic species that were previously undetectable by other techniques. Such species are apparently tolerant to the acidification levels expected in future oceans. Hence and following our results, future subtropical communities are expected to keep high biodiversity values under an acidification scenario, although they will tend toward overall miniaturization due to the dominance of small algal and invertebrate species, leading to changes in ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Delgado
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Owen S. Wangensteen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Sangil
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Celso A. Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Beatriz Alfonso
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Z. Soto
- Apis Assay Technologies Ltd, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Rocío Pérez-Portela
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - José Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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El-SHEEKH MM, EL-SHENODY RAEK, BASES EA, EL SHAFAY SM. Comparative assessment of antioxidant activity and biochemical composition of four seaweeds, Rocky Bay of Abu Qir in Alexandria, Egypt. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Porzio L, Arena C, Lorenti M, De Maio A, Buia MC. Long-term response of Dictyota dichotoma var. intricata (C. Agardh) Greville (Phaeophyceae) to ocean acidification: Insights from high pCO 2 vents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:138896. [PMID: 32408206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ocean acidification may severely affect macroalgal communities of the shallowest coastal habitats where they play relevant structural and functional roles. In this paper were investigated the physiological traits of two populations of Dictyota dichotoma var. intricata, living at two different pH for several generations to assess the reasons of the algae reduced abundance at current (8.1) compared to low pH (6.7). Besides, through transplant experiments, the two populations were analysed for the stress response and reversibility of physiological performance at different pH. The long-term acclimation to high pCO2/low pH favours an ecotype characterised by low energetic costs, higher photochemical efficiency and more resistance to the oxidative stress, compared to individuals living at current pH. These traits promoted the growth and reproduction of the community living at pH 6.7, favouring a lower macroalgal diversity, but a higher ecological success under ocean acidification. The similar behaviour observed between Dictyota living at pH 6.7 and transplanted thalli from pH 6.7 to 8.1, suggested a high tolerance to pH changes in the short-term. On the contrary, adaptive responses may have favoured molecular adjustments on the long-term, as showed by the significant differences between the wild populations at pH 8.1 and 6.7. The overall data indicate that both plasticity and adaptive mechanisms may be the reasons for the success of the brown seaweeds under future high pCO2/low pH. The plasticity due to photochemistry adjustments is likely involved in the early response to environmental changes. Conversely, modifications in the photosynthetic biochemical machinery suggest that more complex adaptive mechanisms occurred in the current population of Dictyota living at pH 6.7. Further studies on population genetics will reveal if any differentiation is taking place at the population level or a local adaptation has already occurred in Dictyota and other brown algae under chronic low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Porzio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn of Naples, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Branch office 'Villa Dohrn', Punta S. Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Lorenti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn of Naples, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Branch office 'Villa Dohrn', Punta S. Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn of Naples, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Branch office 'Villa Dohrn', Punta S. Pietro, 80077 Ischia, Naples, Italy
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Costanzo G, Iesce MR, Naviglio D, Ciaravolo M, Vitale E, Arena C. Comparative Studies on Different Citrus Cultivars: A Revaluation of Waste Mandarin Components. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E517. [PMID: 32545447 PMCID: PMC7346185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peel, pulp and seed extracts of three mandarin varieties, namely Phlegraean mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Kumquat (Citrus japonica), and Clementine (Citrus clementina) were compared and characterised in terms of photosynthetic pigment content, total polyphenols amount, antioxidant activity and vitamin C to assess the amount of functional compounds for each cultivar. The highest polyphenols content was found in the Phlegraean mandarin, especially in peel and seeds, whereas Kumquat exhibited the highest polyphenols amount in the pulp. The antioxidant activity was higher in the peel of Phlegraean mandarin and clementine compared to Kumquat, which showed the highest value in the pulp. The antioxidant activity peaked in the seeds of Phlegraean mandarin. The vitamin C in the Phlegraean mandarin was the highest in all parts of the fruit, especially in the seeds. Total chlorophyll content was comparable in the peel of different cultivars, in the pulp the highest amount was found in clementine, whereas kumquat seeds showed the greatest values. As regards total carotenoids, peel and pulp of clementine exhibited higher values than the other two cultivars, whereas the kumquat seeds were the richest in carotenoids. Among the analysed cultivars Phlegraean mandarin may be considered the most promising as a source of polyphenols and antioxidants, compared to the clementine and Kumquat, especially for the functional molecules found in the seeds. Moreover, regardless of cultivars this study also highlights important properties in the parts of the fruit generally considered wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Iesce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Ciaravolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
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Arena C, Vitale E, Hay Mele B, Cataletto PR, Turano M, Simoniello P, De Micco V. Suitability of Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Microtom' for growth in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems: exploring the effect of high-LET ionising radiation on photosynthesis, leaf structure and fruit traits. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:615-626. [PMID: 30585676 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The realisation of manned space exploration requires the development of Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS). In such self-sufficient closed habitats, higher plants have a fundamental role in air regeneration, water recovery, food production and waste recycling. In the space environment, ionising radiation represents one of the main constraints to plant growth. In this study, we explore whether low doses of heavy ions, namely Ca 25 Gy, delivered at the seed stage, may induce positive outcomes on growth and functional traits in plants of Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Microtom'. After irradiation of seed, plant growth was monitored during the whole plant life cycle, from germination to fruit ripening. Morphological parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf anatomical functional traits and antioxidant production in leaves and fruits were analysed. Our data demonstrate that irradiation of seeds with 25 Gy Ca ions does not prevent achievement of the seed-to-seed cycle in 'Microtom', and induces a more compact plant size compared to the control. Plants germinated from irradiated seeds show better photochemical efficiency than controls, likely due to the higher amount of D1 protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Leaves of these plants also had smaller cells with a lower number of chloroplasts. The dose of 25 Gy Ca ions is also responsible for positive outcomes in fruits: although developing a lower number of berries, plants germinated from irradiated seeds produce larger berries, richer in carotenoids, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins than controls. These specific traits may be useful for 'Microtom' cultivation in BLSS in space, in so far as the crew members could benefit from fresh food richer in functional compounds that can be directly produced on board.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - E Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - B Hay Mele
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - P R Cataletto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Turano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - P Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Pathenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, Naples, Italy
| | - V De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy
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