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Burakova I, Gryaznova M, Smirnova Y, Morozova P, Mikhalev V, Zimnikov V, Latsigina I, Shabunin S, Mikhailov E, Syromyatnikov M. Association of milk microbiome with bovine mastitis before and after antibiotic therapy. Vet World 2023; 16:2389-2402. [PMID: 38328355 PMCID: PMC10844787 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2389-2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis is recognized as the most common disease in cattle and causes economic losses in the dairy industry. A number of opportunistic bacterial taxa have been identified as causative agents for this disease. Conventionally, antibiotics are used to treat mastitis; however, most bacteria are resistant to the majority of antibiotics. This study aimed to use molecular methods to identify milk microbiome patterns characteristic of mastitis that can help in the early diagnosis of this disease and in the development of new treatment strategies. Materials and Methods To evaluate the microbiome composition, we performed NGS sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the V3 region. Results An increase in the abundance of the bacterial genera Hymenobacter and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group is associated with the development of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. These bacteria can be added to the list of markers used to detect mastitis in cows. Furthermore, a decrease in the abundance of Ralstonia, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Acetitomaculum, Massilia, and Atopostipes in cows with mastitis may indicate their role in maintaining a healthy milk microbiome. Antibiotics reduced the levels of Streptococcus in milk compared to those in the healthy group and cows before antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic therapy also contributed to an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria of the genus Asticcacaulis. Conclusion This study expands our understanding of the association between milk microbiota and mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Polina Morozova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Mikhalev
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Zimnikov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Irina Latsigina
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabunin
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Evgeny Mikhailov
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- FSBSI All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, 394061 Voronezh, Russia
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Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S. Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14639. [PMID: 37089375 PMCID: PMC10113797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S. maltophilia is a widely distributed bacterium found in natural, anthropized and clinical environments. The genome of this opportunistic pathogen of environmental origin includes a large number of genes encoding RND efflux pumps independently of the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. These pumps have been historically associated with the uptake of antibiotics and clinically relevant molecules because they confer resistance to many antibiotics. However, considering the environmental origin of S. maltophilia, the ecological role of these pumps needs to be clarified. RND efflux systems are highly conserved within bacteria and encountered both in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Moreover, their evolutionary origin, conservation and multiple copies in bacterial genomes suggest a primordial role in cellular functions and environmental adaptation. This review is aimed at elucidating the ecological role of S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps in the environmental context and providing an exhaustive description of the environmental niches of S. maltophilia. By looking at the substrates and functions of the pumps, we propose different involvements and roles according to the adaptation of the bacterium to various niches. We highlight that i°) regulatory mechanisms and inducer molecules help to understand the conditions leading to their expression, and ii°) association and functional redundancy of RND pumps and other efflux systems demonstrate their complex role within S. maltophilia cells. These observations emphasize that RND efflux pumps play a role in the versatility of S. maltophilia.
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Maidana MM, Contreras FI, Vasek OM. Biodiversity of wild Lactococcus lactis and their geo-spatial relationship with the environment. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201175. [PMID: 35946747 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are distributed in nature, isolating themselves from diverse ecosystems and presenting a wide metabolic biodiversity. In Corrientes (Argentina), artisanal cheeses and their specific environment are an important source of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria. The objective of this work was to establish associations between the phenotypic characteristics of strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis native from Corrientes with climatological data of the Province and the characteristics of the soil and the landscapes. Physiological and biochemical characterization data of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolated from the dairy environment and from different localities of Corrientes will be used. The strains were space-located through Google Earth, flood and drought events were evaluated using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and soil composition data (A and Bt horizons) in the study areas were obtained from the experimental station National Institute of Agricultural Technology - Corrientes. A statistical analysis was applied to these results (Infostat Software, Di Rienzo et al. 2008). The resulting consists in three conglomerates, differentiating strains from soils coming from "flooded landscapes" and those from "sandy hills landscape". The analysis by main components highlighted the preference of strains from flooded landscapes by a saline-alkaline environment, affecting during periods of drought, and strains from sandy hills landscape by a low medium in salts and acid soil, directly during period of high humidity resulting from previous floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Maidana
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica/IMIT, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste/UNNE, Av. Libertad, 5460, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Félix I Contreras
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral/CECOAL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/CONICET, Ruta Provincial Nº5, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Olga M Vasek
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica/IMIT, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste/UNNE, Av. Libertad, 5460, Corrientes, Argentina
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4
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Tsuchihashi H, Ichikawa A, Takeda M, Koizumi A, Mizoguchi C, Ishida T, Kimura K. Genetic diversity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii isolated from raw milk in Hokkaido, Japan. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2082-2093. [PMID: 34955279 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play important roles in acid production and flavor formation in fermented dairy products. Lactic acid bacteria strains with distinct characteristics confer unique features to products. Diverse LAB have been identified in raw milk and traditional fermented milk prepared from raw milk. However, little is known about LAB in raw milk in Japan. To preserve diverse LAB as potential starters or probiotics for future use, we have isolated and identified various kinds of LAB from raw milk produced in Japan. In this study, we focused on Lactobacillus delbrueckii, one of the most important species in the dairy industry. We identified L. delbrueckii subspecies isolated from raw milk in Hokkaido, Japan, by analyzing intraspecific diversity using 4 distinct methods, hsp60 cluster analysis, multilocus sequence analysis, core-genome analysis, and whole-genome analysis based on average nucleotide identity. The subspecies distribution and a new dominant subset of L. delbrueckii from raw milk in Japan were revealed. The discovery of new strains with different genotypes is important for understanding the geographic distribution and characteristics of the bacteria and further their use as a microbial resource with the potential to express unconventional flavors and functionalities. The strains identified in this study may have practical applications in the development of fermented dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuchihashi
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan.
| | - A Ichikawa
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - A Koizumi
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - C Mizoguchi
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - K Kimura
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen of significant concern to susceptible patient populations. This pathogen can cause nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory and bloodstream infections and various other infections in humans. Sources include water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. Studies of the genetic heterogeneity of S. maltophilia strains have identified several new genogroups and suggested adaptation of this pathogen to its habitats. The mechanisms used by S. maltophilia during pathogenesis continue to be uncovered and explored. S. maltophilia virulence factors include use of motility, biofilm formation, iron acquisition mechanisms, outer membrane components, protein secretion systems, extracellular enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. S. maltophilia is intrinsically drug resistant to an array of different antibiotics and uses a broad arsenal to protect itself against antimicrobials. Surveillance studies have recorded increases in drug resistance for S. maltophilia, prompting new strategies to be developed against this opportunist. The interactions of this environmental bacterium with other microorganisms are being elucidated. S. maltophilia and its products have applications in biotechnology, including agriculture, biocontrol, and bioremediation.
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Cao H, Yan Y, Wang L, Dong L, Pang X, Tang S, Li A, Xiang A, Zhang L, Zheng B. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Bacterial Diversity in Raw Milk Production Environment and Production Chain in Tangshan City of China. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:452-467. [PMID: 34017954 PMCID: PMC8112312 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw milk is a nature media of microbiota that access milk from various sources,
which constitutes a challenge in dairy production. This study characterizes the
relationship between the raw milk quality and the bacteria diversity at
different sampling sites in dairy farms, aiming to provide a strong scientific
basis for good hygienic practices and optimized procedure in milk production.
High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was used to analyze the
components, abundance and diversity of 48 bacterial population sampled from 8
different sites in dairy farm: pre-sterilized cow’s teats (C1),
post-sterilized cow’s teats (C2), milking cluster (E), milk in storage
tank (M1), transport vehicle (M2), storage equipment (E2), cow’s dung
samples (F) and drinking water (W). Firmicutes account for predominantly
32.36% (C1), 44.62% (C2), 44.71% (E), 41.10% (M1),
45.08% (M2), 53.38% (F) of all annotated phyla. Proteobacteria
accounts for 81.79% in W group and Actinobacteria 56.43% in E2
group. At the genus level, Acinetobacter was the most abundant
genus that causes bovine mastitis, Acinetobacter and
Arthrobacter were dominant in C1, C2, and E groups,
Kocuria in E2 group and Arcobacter in W group. E, C1, and
C2 group have very similar bacterial composition, and M1 and M2 demonstrated
similar composition, indicating that the milking cluster was polluted by the
environment or contact with cow udders. Bacterial population composition in
different sampling sites identified by NGS reveals a correlation between the
bacteria communities of raw milk production chain and the quality of raw
milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Cao
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Yanhua Yan
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Lixue Dong
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xueliang Pang
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Sining Tang
- Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Aijun Li
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Aili Xiang
- Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Baiqin Zheng
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Hebei Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Innovation Center, Tangshan 063000, China.,Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products, Tangshan 063000, China
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7
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Gao J, Liu YC, Wang Y, Li H, Wang XM, Wu Y, Zhang DR, Gao S, Qi ZL. Impact of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on mastitis and milk microbiota composition of dairy cows. AMB Express 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 31997024 PMCID: PMC6987887 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-0953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on mastitis and milk microbiota composition of dairy cows. Thirty lactating Holstein cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly assigned to five treatments, including: (1) Health cows with milk SCC < 500,000 cells/mL, no clinical signs of mastitis were found, fed basal total mixed ration (TMR) without supplementation (H); (2) Mastitis cows with milk SCC > 500,000 cells/mL, fed basal TMR without supplementation (M); (3) Mastitis cows fed basal TMR supplemented with 8 g day-1 yeast (M + Y); (4) Mastitis cows fed basal TMR supplemented with 8 g day-1 LAB (M + L); (5) Mastitis cows (milk SCC > 500,000 cells/mL) fed basal TMR supplemented with 4 g day-1 yeast and 4 g day-1 LAB (M + Y + L). Blood and milk sample were collected at day 0, day 20 and day 40. The results showed efficacy of probiotic: On day 20 and day 40, milk SCC in H, M + Y, M + L, M + Y + L was significantly lower than that of M (P < 0.05). Milk concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in M + Y + L were significantly reduced compared with that of M on day 40 (P < 0.05). Milk Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) activity of M + Y, M + L, M + L + Y were lower than that of M on day 40 (P < 0.05). At genus level, Staphylococcus, Chryseobacterium and Lactococcus were dominant. Supplementation of LAB decreased abundance of Enterococcus and Streptococcus, identified as mastitis-causing pathogen. The results suggested the potential of LAB to prevent mastitis by relieving mammary gland inflammation and regulating milk microorganisms.
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8
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16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS are complementary when studying psychrotrophic bacterial diversity of raw cows' milk. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Greer FR. Origins of the Human Milk Microbiome: A Complex Issue. J Nutr 2019; 149:887-889. [PMID: 31149714 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Greer
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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10
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Wallis JK, Krömker V, Paduch JH. Biofilm Challenge: Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Bovine Udders versus Staphylococci. Foods 2019; 8:E79. [PMID: 30791514 PMCID: PMC6406540 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis poses a considerable threat to productivity and to animal welfare on modern dairy farms. However, the common way of antibiotic treatment does not always lead to a cure. Unsuccessful cures can, among other reasons, occur due to biofilm formation of the causative agent. This has attracted interest from researchers to introduce promising alternative therapeutic approaches, such as the use of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In fact, using LAB for treating mastitis probably requires the formation of a beneficial biofilm by the probiotic bacteria. The present study investigated the ability of five LAB strains, selected on the basis of results from previous studies, to remove and to replace pathogenic biofilms in vitro. For this purpose, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus ATCC 12,600 and two strains-S. xylosus (35/07) and S. epidermidis (575/08)-belonging to the group of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were allowed to form biofilms in a 96-well plate. Subsequently, the LAB were added to the well. The biofilm challenge was evaluated by scraping off and suspending the biofilm cells, followed by a plate count of serial dilutions using selective media. All the LAB strains successfully removed the staphylococcal biofilms. However, only Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and L. plantarum 2/37 formed biofilms of their own to replace the pathogenic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Wallis
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Faculty II, Department Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Heisterbergallee 10A, D-30453 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Volker Krömker
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Faculty II, Department Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Heisterbergallee 10A, D-30453 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Paduch
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Faculty II, Department Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Heisterbergallee 10A, D-30453 Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Stenotrophomonas are found throughout the environment, in close association with soil, sewage, and plants. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, the first member of this genus, is the predominant species, observed in soil, water, plants, animals, and humans. It is also an opportunistic pathogen associated with the increased number of infections in both humans and animals in recent years. In this article, we summarize all Stenotrophomonas species (mainly S. maltophilia) isolated from animals and food products of animal origin and further distinguish all isolates based on antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance phenotypes. The various mechanisms of both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance, which were mainly identified in S. maltophilia isolates of nosocomial infections, have been classified as follows: multidrug efflux pumps; resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and phenicols; and alteration of lipopolysaccharide and two-component regulatory systems. The dissemination, coselection, and persistence of resistance determinants among S. maltophilia isolates have also been elaborated.
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12
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Tanaka C, Yamada K, Takeuchi H, Inokuchi Y, Kashiwagi A, Toba T. A Lytic Bacteriophage for Controlling Pseudomonas lactis in Raw Cow's Milk. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00111-18. [PMID: 29980554 PMCID: PMC6122002 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00111-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of bacterial growth during milk processing is crucial for the quality maintenance of commercial milk and milk products. During a period of cold storage prior to heat treatments, some psychrotrophic bacteria grow and produce extracellular heat-resistant lipases and proteases that cause product defects. The use of lytic bacteriophages (phages) that infect and kill bacteria could be a useful tool for suppressing bacterial growth during this cold storage phase. In this study, we isolated a Pseudomonas lactis strain and a phage from raw cow's milk. Quantitative characterization of the phage was used to elucidate whether this phage was active under low temperatures and neutral pH and whether it was inactivated during pasteurization. Phage titer determination was possible under conditions ranging from pH 4 to 9 and from 3°C to 25°C; the phage was inactivated under pasteurization conditions at 63°C for 30 min. Furthermore, we showed that this phage reduced viable bacterial cell counts in both skim and whole milk. The results of this study represent the potential uses of phages for controlling psychrotrophic bacterial growth in raw cow's milk during cold storage.IMPORTANCE Suppression of bacterial growth in raw milk under cold storage is crucial for the quality control of commercially supplied milk. The use of lytic phages as low-cost microbicides is an attractive prospect. Due to strict host specificities, phages must be isolated from the raw milk where the host bacteria are growing. We first isolated the P. lactis bacterial strain and then the phage infecting that strain. Partial phage genomic analysis showed that this is a newly isolated phage, different from any previously reported. This study reports a lytic phage for P. lactis, and we have presented evidence here that this phage reduced viable bacterial cell counts not only in rich medium but also in skim and whole milk. As a result, we have concluded that the phage reported in this study would be useful in milk processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikage Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Honami Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshio Inokuchi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toba
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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13
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Okuno NT, Freire IR, Segundo RTRS, Silva CR, Marin VA. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Cheese Samples Based on the smeT Gene. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:1555-1559. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Wallis JK, Krömker V, Paduch JH. Biofilm formation and adhesion to bovine udder epithelium of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:209-224. [PMID: 31294211 PMCID: PMC6604931 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases threatening modern dairy herds. The idea of fighting the disease through colonising the udder with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), thereby building a beneficial biofilm, is the base for a probiotic approach towards mastitis control. The purpose of this study was to screen 13 LAB strains (eleven wild strains, two ATCC strains) inhibitory to the growth of mastitis-causing pathogens for their in vitro ability to form a biofilm and to adhere to bovine glandular mammary epithelium in order to assess their probiotic potential. Furthermore, we aimed to gain knowledge about the chemical nature of the adhesins involved by subjecting the bacteria to various chemical and enzymatical pre-treatments. The biofilms were grown on hydrophilic glass and on hydrophobic polypropylene in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth and afterwards quantified with a crystal violet assay. Biofilm formation was observed in all strains. However, the extent strongly depended on the strain, surface charge and medium. The adhesion assay also revealed a strong strain dependency, but this trait was also present in all of the investigated LAB isolates. Depending on the strain, chemical or enzymatical pre-treatment revealed carbohydrate molecules as well as proteins and lipids to be crucial for the adhesion of LAB to epithelial cells. The seven strains showing the strongest biofilm formation and/or adhesion represent promising candidates for further investigation in order to develop a probiotic remedy for the treatment of mastitis. Still, their safety for consumers and patients as well as their capability to colonise the udder remain to be investigated in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Krömker
- Faculty II, Department for Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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15
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Saiki R, Hagi T, Narita T, Kobayashi M, Sasaki K, Asahina Y, Tajima A, Nomura M. Effects of the Addition of Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria on Free Amino Acid Production During Cheese Ripening. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Saiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tatsuro Hagi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO
| | | | | | | | - Yui Asahina
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Birzele LT, Depner M, Ege MJ, Engel M, Kublik S, Bernau C, Loss GJ, Genuneit J, Horak E, Schloter M, Braun-Fahrländer C, Danielewicz H, Heederik D, von Mutius E, Legatzki A. Environmental and mucosal microbiota and their role in childhood asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:109-119. [PMID: 27503830 DOI: 10.1111/all.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High microbial diversity in the environment has been associated with lower asthma risk, particularly in children exposed to farming. It remains unclear whether this effect operates through an altered microbiome of the mucosal surfaces of the airways. METHODS DNA from mattress dust and nasal samples of 86 school age children was analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments. Based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs), bacterial diversity and composition were related to farm exposure and asthma status. RESULTS Farm exposure was positively associated with bacterial diversity in mattress dust samples as determined by richness (P = 8.1 × 10-6 ) and Shannon index (P = 1.3 × 10-5 ). Despite considerable agreement of richness between mattress and nasal samples, the association of richness with farming in nasal samples was restricted to a high gradient of farm exposure, that is, exposure to cows and straw vs no exposure at all. In mattress dust, the genera Clostridium, Facklamia, an unclassified genus within the family of Ruminococcaceae, and six OTUs were positively associated with farming. Asthma was inversely associated with richness [aOR = 0.48 (0.22-1.02)] and Shannon index [aOR = 0.41 (0.21-0.83)] in mattress dust and to a lower extent in nasal samples [richness aOR 0.63 = (0.38-1.06), Shannon index aOR = 0.66 (0.39-1.12)]. CONCLUSION The stronger inverse association of asthma with bacterial diversity in mattress dust as compared to nasal samples suggests microbial involvement beyond mere colonization of the upper airways. Whether inhalation of metabolites of environmental bacteria contributes to this phenomenon should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. T. Birzele
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - M. Depner
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - M. J. Ege
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - M. Engel
- Research Unit Scientific Computing; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - S. Kublik
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - C. Bernau
- Leibniz Supercomputing Center of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Garching Germany
| | - G. J. Loss
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - J. Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - E. Horak
- Division of Cardiology and Pulmonology; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - M. Schloter
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - C. Braun-Fahrländer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - H. Danielewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - D. Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; University of Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E. von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - A. Legatzki
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
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17
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Boix-Amorós A, Collado MC, Mira A. Relationship between Milk Microbiota, Bacterial Load, Macronutrients, and Human Cells during Lactation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:492. [PMID: 27148183 PMCID: PMC4837678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk is considered the optimal nutrition for infants, providing essential nutrients and a broad range of bioactive compounds, as well as its own microbiota. However, the interaction among those components and the biological role of milk microorganisms is still uncovered. Thus, our aim was to identify the relationships between milk microbiota composition, bacterial load, macronutrients, and human cells during lactation. Bacterial load was estimated in milk samples from a total of 21 healthy mothers through lactation time by bacteria-specific qPCR targeted to the single-copy gene fusA. Milk microbiome composition and diversity was estimated by 16S-pyrosequencing and the structure of these bacteria in the fluid was studied by flow cytometry, qPCR, and microscopy. Fat, protein, lactose, and dry extract of milk as well as the number of somatic cells were also analyzed. We observed that milk bacterial communities were generally complex, and showed individual-specific profiles. Milk microbiota was dominated by Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in any of these samples from healthy mothers. There was high variability in composition and number of bacteria per milliliter among mothers and in some cases even within mothers at different time points. The median bacterial load was 10(6) bacterial cells/ml through time, higher than those numbers reported by 16S gene PCR and culture methods. Furthermore, milk bacteria were present in a free-living, "planktonic" state, but also in equal proportion associated to human immune cells. There was no correlation between bacterial load and the amount of immune cells in milk, strengthening the idea that milk bacteria are not sensed as an infection by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Boix-Amorós
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO FoundationValencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research CouncilValencia, Spain
| | - Maria C Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation Valencia, Spain
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Muroya S, Hagi T, Kimura A, Aso H, Matsuzaki M, Nomura M. Lactogenic hormones alter cellular and extracellular microRNA expression in bovine mammary epithelial cell culture. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 26889380 PMCID: PMC4756532 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine milk contains not only a variety of nutritional ingredients but also microRNAs (miRNAs) that are thought to be secreted by the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The objective of this study was to elucidate the production of milk-related miRNAs in BMECs under the influence of lactogenic hormones. Results According to a microarray result of milk exosomal miRNAs prior to cellular analyses, a total of 257 miRNAs were detected in a Holstein cow milk. Of these, 18 major miRNAs of interest in the milk were selected for an expression analysis in BMEC culture that was treated with or without dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin (DIP) to induce a lactogenic differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that the expressions of miR-21–5p (P = 0.005), miR-26a (P = 0.016), and miR-320a (P = 0.011) were lower in the DIP-treated cells than in the untreated cells. In contrast, the expression of miR-339a (P = 0.017) in the cell culture medium were lower in the DIP-treated culture than in the untreated culture. Intriguingly, the miR-148a expression in cell culture medium was elevated by DIP treatment of BMEC culture (P = 0.018). The medium-to-cell expression ratios of miR-103 (P = 0.025), miR-148a (P < 0.001), and miR-223 (P = 0.013) were elevated in the DIP-treated BMECs, suggesting that the lactogenic differentiation-induced secretion of these three miRNAs in BMECs. A bioinformatic analysis showed that the miRNAs down-regulated in the BMECs were associated with the suppression of genes related to transcriptional regulation, protein phosphorylation, and tube development. Conclusion The results suggest that the miRNAs changed by lactogenic hormones are associated with milk protein synthesis, and mammary gland development and maturation. The elevated miR-148a level in DIP-treated BMECs may be associated with its increase in milk during the lactation period of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Muroya
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hagi
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
| | - Ataru Kimura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori Japan
| | - Masaru Nomura
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
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