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Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Lu W, Zhang H, Chen W. Construction and characterization of stable multi-species biofilms formed by nine core gut bacteria on wheat fiber. Food Funct 2024; 15:8674-8688. [PMID: 39082112 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Microbial aggregation mainly occurs on the intestinal epithelium, mucosal layer and undigested food particles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Undigested food particles are usually insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), which can be easily obtained through daily diet, but there are few studies investigating whether the gut bacteria adhering to undigested food particles can form multi-species biofilms. In this study, we prepared mono- and multi-species biofilms using 18 core gut bacteria via a dynamic fermentation method, and it was found that multi-species composed of nine core gut bacteria (M9) showed the best biofilm formation ability. Cell counts of the nine bacteria in multi-species biofilms were 9.36, 11.85, 10.17, 9.93, 12.88, 11.39, 10.089, 9.06, and 13.21 Log10 CFU mL-1. M9 was tightly connected and regularly stacked on wheat fiber and had larger particle sizes than mono-species biofilms. M9 retained biofilm formation ability under pH and bile salt stresses. A human feces invasion experiment demonstrated that M9 can stably adhere to wheat fiber under the interference of complex gut bacteria, and the M9 multi-species biofilm had positions that can be filled by various gut bacteria. Metabolome results indicated that the M9 multi-species biofilm had more metabolic productions and more complex interspecies interactions than mono-species biofilms. This study provides a dynamic fermentation method to prepare multi-species biofilms on wheat fiber in vitro. It will also offer a research basis for clarifying whether gut bacteria can utilize IDF to form biofilm structures in vivo and the possible interspecific interactions and physiological functions of bacteria in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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2
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Liu J, Ding Y, Yu X, Ye S, Guo P, Yang B. Fabric Fiber as a Biofilm Carrier for Halomonas sp. H09 Mixed with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3974-3991. [PMID: 37801273 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm bacteria have stronger resistance to the adverse external environment compared to planktonic bacteria, and biofilms of non-pathogenic bacteria have strong potential for applications in food. In this experiment, Halomonas sp. H09 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which have film-forming ability in monoculture and better film-forming ability in mixed culture than the two strains alone, were selected as the target strains for mixed culture. According to SEM observation and bacterial dry weight measurement, the target strain formed a dense biofilm on a 0.1 g/L chitosan-modified cellulose III carrier. Furthermore, the presence of extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms was verified by EDS and FTIR. The results showed that 0.1 g/L chitosan-modified cellulose III was an ideal carrier material for immobilization of Halomonas sp. H09 with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm. This research provided a basis for the selection of non-pathogenic mixed-bacteria biofilm carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Yu
- College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Ye
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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3
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Azari R, Yousefi MH, Fallah AA, Alimohammadi A, Nikjoo N, Wagemans J, Berizi E, Hosseinzadeh S, Ghasemi M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Controlling of foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel by bacteriophages: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biofilm 2024; 7:100170. [PMID: 38234712 PMCID: PMC10793095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of using bacteriophages to control foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel surfaces in the food industry. Biofilm-forming bacteria can attach to stainless steel surfaces, rendering them difficult to eradicate even after a thorough cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Bacteriophages have been proposed as a possible solution, as they can penetrate biofilms and destroy bacterial cells within, reducing the number of viable bacteria and preventing the growth and spread of biofilms. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the potential of bacteriophages against different biofilm-forming foodborne bacteria, including Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriophage treatment generally causes a significant average reduction of 38 % in biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens on stainless steel. Subgroup analyses revealed that phages are more efficient in long-duration treatment. Also, applying a cocktail of phages is 1.26-fold more effective than applying individual phages. Phages at concentrations exceeding 107 PFU/ml are significantly more efficacious in eradicating bacteria within a biofilm. The antibacterial phage activity decreases substantially by 3.54-fold when applied at 4 °C compared to temperatures above 25 °C. This analysis suggests that bacteriophages can be a promising solution for controlling biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Azari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Yousefi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84471, Iran
| | - Aziz A. Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 34141, Iran
| | - Arezoo Alimohammadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Nikjoo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Enayat Berizi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84471, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Zanzan M, Ezzaky Y, Hamadi F, Achemchem F. Enterococcus mundtii A2 biofilm and its anti-adherence potential against pathogenic microorganisms on stainless steel 316L. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1131-1138. [PMID: 38319530 PMCID: PMC11153378 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial biofilms present significant challenges, particularly in food safety and material deterioration. Therefore, using Enterococcus mundtii A2, known for its antagonistic activity against pathogen adhesion, could serve as a novel strategy to reduce pathogenic colonization within the food sector. This study aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming ability of E. mundtii A2, isolated from camel milk, on two widely used stainless steels within the agri-food domain and to assess its anti-adhesive properties against various pathogens, especially on stainless steel 316L. Additionally, investigations into auto-aggregation and co-aggregation were also conducted. Plate count methodologies revealed increased biofilm formation by E. mundtii A2 on 316L, followed by 304L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a dense yet thin biofilm layer, playing a critical role in reducing the adhesion of L. monocytogenes CECT 4032 and Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976, with a significant reduction of ≈ 2 Log CFU/cm2. However, Gram-negative strains, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and E. coli ATCC 25922, exhibit modest adhesion reduction (~ 0.7 Log CFU/cm2). The findings demonstrate the potential of applying E. mundtii A2 biofilms as an effective strategy to reduce the adhesion and propagation of potentially pathogenic bacterial species on stainless steel 316L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Zanzan
- Bioprocess and Environment Team, LASIME Research Laboratory, Agadir Superior School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 33/S, 80150, Agadir, BP, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Vegetal Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Ezzaky
- Bioprocess and Environment Team, LASIME Research Laboratory, Agadir Superior School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 33/S, 80150, Agadir, BP, Morocco
| | - Fatima Hamadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Vegetal Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Fouad Achemchem
- Bioprocess and Environment Team, LASIME Research Laboratory, Agadir Superior School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 33/S, 80150, Agadir, BP, Morocco.
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5
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Zhai Y, Tian W, Chen K, Lan L, Kan J, Shi H. Flagella-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to surface of stainless steel, glass and fresh produces during sublethal injury and recovery. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104383. [PMID: 37918998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7 can be induced into sublethally injured (SI) state by lactic acid (LA) and regain activity in nutrient environments. This research clarified the role of flagella-related genes (fliD, fliS, cheA and motA) in adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 onto stainless steel, glass, lettuce, spinach, red cabbage and cucumber during LA-induced SI and recovery by plate counting. Results of adhesion showed improper flagellar rotation caused by the deletion of motA resulting in the decreased adhesion. Motility of wildtype determined by diameter of motility halo decreased in SI state and repaired with recovery time increasing, lagging behind changes in expression of flagella-related genes. Flagellar function-impaired strains all exhibited non-motile property. Thus, we speculated that flagella-mediated motility is critical in early stage of adhesion. We also found the effects of Fe2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ on adhesion or motility of wildtype was independent of bacterial states. However, the addition of Ca2+ and Mn2+ did not affect motility of flagellar function-impaired strains as they did on wildtype. This research provides new insights to understand the role of flagella and cations in bacterial adhesion, which will aid in development of anti-adhesion agents to reduce bio-contamination in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weina Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Linshu Lan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Bajrami D, Sarquis A, Ladero VM, Fernández M, Mizaikoff B. Rapid discrimination of Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri biofilms via in situ infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123391. [PMID: 37714102 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination in food industry is a source of foodborne illnesses and biofilm-related diseases. In particular, biogenic amines (BAs) accumulated in fermented foods via lactic acid bacterial activity exert toxic effects on human health. Among these, biofilms of histamine-producer Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri strains adherent at food processing equipment surfaces can cause food spoilage and poisoning. Understanding the chain of contamination is closely related to elucidating molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation. In the present study, an innovative approach using integrated chemical sensing technologies is demonstrated to fundamentally understand the temporal behavior of biofilms at the molecular level by combining mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and fluorescence sensing strategies. Using these concepts, the biofilm forming capacity of six cheese-isolated L. parabuchneri strains (IPLA 11151, 11150, 11129, 11125, 11122 and 11117) was examined. The cut-off values for the biofilm production ability of each strain were quantified using crystal violet (CV) assays. Real-time infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR-ATR) combined with fluorescence quenching oxygen sensing provides insight into distinct molecular mechanisms for each strain. IR spectra showed significant changes in characteristic bands of amides, lactate, nucleic acids, and extracellular polymeric substances (i.e., lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids, phosphodiester, peptidoglycan, etc.), which are major contributors to biofilm maturation involved in the initial adhesion processes. Chemometric methods including principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis facilitated the rapid determination and classification of cheese isolated L. parabuchneri strains unambiguously differentiating the IR signatures based on their ability to produce biofilm. All biofilms were morphologically characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy on relevant industrial equipment surfaces. In summary, this innovative approach combining MIR spectroscopy with luminescence sensing enables real-time insight into the molecular composition and formation of L. parabuchneri biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diellza Bajrami
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Agustina Sarquis
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Victor M Ladero
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstrasse 14, 89077 Ulm, Germany.
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Didouh N, Khadidja M, Campos C, Sampaio-Maia B, Boumediene MB, Araujo R. Assessment of biofilm, enzyme production and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria from milk pre- and post-pasteurization pipelines in Algeria. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 407:110389. [PMID: 37708608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a major concern of dairy industry due to its association with milk contamination and its derived products. Algerian pasteurized milk shelf-life does not exceed one day, which may reflect the high level of contamination of this product and presence of extracellular enzymes such as lipases and proteases. This work aimed to investigate the microbial biodiversity in milk-processing surfaces of a dairy plant in Algeria. Therefore, stainless steel cylinders were placed in piping system of the dairy system before and after pasteurization of the milk, being removed after 7 days, for biofilm maturation and microorganism isolation and identification by mass spectrometry. Fifty-nine Gram-positive isolates were identified, namely Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus weithenstephanensis, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, twenty-four Gram-negative isolates were identified, namely Acinetobacter schindleri Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Leclercia adecarboxylata, and Raoultella ornithinolytica. Bacterial isolates showed ability for production of extracellular enzymes, being 49 % capable of both proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Milk isolates were tested for the ability to form biofilms on stainless steel. The cell numbers recovered on plate count agar plates from stainless steel biofilms ranged from 3.52 to 6.92 log10 CFU/cm2, being the maximum number detected for Enterococcus casseliflavus. Bacterial isolates showed intermediate and/or resistant profiles to multiple antibiotics. Resistance to amoxicillin, cefoxitin and/or erythromycin was commonly found among the bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Didouh
- Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Algeria; Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqué à l'Agroalimentaire au Biomédical et à l'Environnement, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Medjahdi Khadidja
- Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Algeria; Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqué à l'Agroalimentaire au Biomédical et à l'Environnement, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Université Hassiba Benbouali Chlef, Algeria
| | - Carla Campos
- Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO) do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Moussa Boudjemaa Boumediene
- Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Algeria; Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqué à l'Agroalimentaire au Biomédical et à l'Environnement, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ricardo Araujo
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Morshdy AEMA, Abdallah KME, Abdallah HE, Algahtani FD, Elabbasy MT, Atique S, Ahmad K, Al-Najjar MAA, Abdallah HM, Mahmoud AFA. Potential of Natural Phenolic Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Chicken Meat. Molecules 2023; 28:6742. [PMID: 37764518 PMCID: PMC10535414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most widespread foodborne bacteria that cause high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, primarily if foodborne diseases are caused by pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in chicken meat in Egyptian markets. Thus, this study might be the first to assess the efficiency of different natural phenolic compounds as novel antibacterial agents against MDR S. aureus pathogens isolated from raw chicken meat in the Egyptian market. The incidence and quantification of pathogenic S. aureus were detected in retail raw chicken meat parts (breast, thigh, fillet, and giblets). In total, 73 out of 80 (91.3%) of the chicken meat parts were contaminated, with S. aureus as the only species isolated. Of the 192 identified S. aureus isolates, 143 were coagulase-positive S. aureus and 117 isolates were MDR (81.8%, 117/143). Twenty-two antibiotic resistance profile patterns were detected. One strain was randomly selected from each pattern to further analyze virulence and resistance genes. Extracted DNA was assessed for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes, i.e., vancomycin-resistance (vanA), aminoglycosides-resistance (aacA-aphD), apramycin-resistance (apmA), and methicillin-resistance (mecA), penicillin-resistance (blaZ), and virulence genes staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea and seb), Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl), clumping factor A (clfA), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). Clustering analyses revealed that six S. aureus strains harbored the most virulence and resistance genes. The activity of hydroquinone was significantly higher than thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, and protocatechuic acid. Therefore, phenolic compounds, particularly hydroquinone, could potentially alternate with conventional antibiotics against the pathogenic MDR S. aureus inhabiting raw chicken meat. Hence, this study indicates that urgent interventions are necessary to improve hygiene for safer meat in Egyptian markets. Moreover, hydroquinone could be a natural phenolic compound for inhibiting foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Eldin M. A. Morshdy
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Karima M. E. Abdallah
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Heba E. Abdallah
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Fahad D. Algahtani
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suleman Atique
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Khursheed Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah Fikry A. Mahmoud
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
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9
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Kharga K, Dhar I, Kashyap S, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Kumar L. Zingerone inhibits biofilm formation and enhances antibiotic efficacy against Salmonella biofilm. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:268. [PMID: 37528258 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a significant cause of typhoid fever and a major public health problem. The ability of S. Typhi to form biofilms on living and non-living surfaces results in antibiotic resistance and poses a major challenge in health care. In this study, we assessed the ability of zingerone alone and in combination with antibiotics against the motility phenotypes and biofilm-forming ability of S. Typhi. Results showed that zingerone effectively reduced the swimming, swarming, and twitching phenotypes and exhibited biofilm inhibition potential. Moreover, zingerone enhanced the antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin and kanamycin. Microscopic analysis revealed a thinner biofilm in the presence of zingerone, which may have enhanced the antibiofilm efficacy of the antibiotics. The microscopic analysis showed that the presence of zingerone resulted in a reduction in the thickness of the biofilm, potentially increasing the antibiofilm efficacy of the antibiotics. In silico molecular docking and simulation studies further indicated that zingerone may bind to the fimbriae subunits (FimA, FimC, FimH, and FimY) of S. Typhi and form stable interactions. These findings provide important insights into the potential of zingerone to target biofilm-associated Salmonella infections. Further research is considered a promising option for designing innovative approaches to prevent infections associated with biofilms. Schematic representation of the role of zingerone in biofilm, motility inhibition and molecular interactions with biofilm associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Irra Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Shashank Kashyap
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sounok Sengupta
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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10
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Yu H, Rhee MS. Characterization of ready-to-eat fish surface as a potential source of contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112890. [PMID: 37254339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide consumption of ready-to-eat seafood products has steadily increased due to a range of health benefits. However, depending on the handling or cutting process of raw fish, ready-to-eat sashimi can be exposed to microbiological risks that can lead to foodborne infection by marine pathogens. Since surface characteristics are key factors for microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, the present study aims to determine the correlation between raw fish skin properties and Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. We analyzed V. parahaemolyticus biofilms (ATCC 17802; initially inoculated ca. 2 or 4 log CFU/cm2) on fish skin (gizzard shad, pomfret, red snapper, and mackerel; fish species served as sashimi without peeling the skin) formed under simulated marine environments (incubating in artificial seawater with rocking motion at 30 °C, the maximum temperature of seasonal seawater) for 24 h. The characteristics of fish skin were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy/scanning electron microscopy. V. parahaemolyticus showed higher biofilm counts on fish skins than on stainless steel, which was used as a control (P < 0.05). In particular, V. parahaemolyticus formed biofilms with significantly higher levels of bacterial populations on gizzard shad and pomfret (ca. 5 log CFU/cm2; P < 0.05), highlighting the relationship between the biofilm formation level and the characteristics of gizzard shad and pomfret skins. The surface roughness of fish skins, including the main roughness parameters (Ra, Rq, and Rz), influenced the attachment of V. parahaemolyticus (P < 0.05). Additionally, images of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms suggested that different topographical profiles of fish species (e.g., mucus, unique structural features, etc.) could cause V. parahaemolyticus to exhibit different biofilm phenotypes, such as sticking to or entangling on the fish skin surface. The major findings of this study provide various phenotypic adhesions of V. parahaemolyticus to fish skin in considerations of the potential hazard for the consumption of ready-to-eat sashimi served with its skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hary Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Todorić O, Pezo L, Šarić L, Kolarov V, Varga A, Čabarkapa I, Kocić-Tanackov S. Comparison of the Efficiency of Selected Disinfectants against Planktonic and Biofilm Populations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1593. [PMID: 37375095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of selected food disinfectants on planktonic populations of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and on the same microorganisms (MOs) incorporated in a biofilm. Two disinfectants were used for treatment: peracetic acid-based disinfectant (P) and benzalkonium chloride-based disinfectant (D). Testing of their efficacy on the selected MO populations was performed using a quantitative suspension test. The standard colony counting procedure was used to determine their efficacy on bacterial suspensions in tryptone soy agar (TSA). The germicidal effect (GE) of the disinfectants was determined based on the decimal reduction ratio. For both MOs, 100% GE was achieved at the lowest concentration (0.1%) and after the shortest exposure time (5 min). Biofilm production was confirmed with a crystal violet test on microtitre plates. Both E. coli and S. aureus showed strong biofilm production at 25 °C with E. coli showing significantly higher adherence capacity. Both disinfectants show a significantly weaker GE on 48 h biofilms compared to the GE observed after application of the same concentrations on planktonic cells of the same MOs. Complete destruction of the viable cells of the biofilms was observed after 5 min of exposure to the highest concentration tested (2%) for both disinfectants and MOs tested. The anti-quorum sensing activity (anti-QS) of disinfectants P and D was determined via a qualitative disc diffusion method applied to the biosensor bacterial strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. The results obtained indicate that the disinfectants studied have no anti-QS effect. The inhibition zones around the disc therefore only represent their antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Todorić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12/V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Šarić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Violeta Kolarov
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Varga
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Čabarkapa
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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12
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Featherstone A, Brown AC, Chitlapilly Dass S. Understanding how different surfaces and environmental biofilms found in food processing plants affect the spread of COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286659. [PMID: 37285373 PMCID: PMC10246802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat processing plants have been at the center of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with a recent report citing 90% of US facilities having multiple outbreaks during 2020 and 2021. We explored the potential for biofilms to act as a reservoir in protecting, harboring, and dispersing SARS-CoV-2 throughout the meat processing facility environment. To do this, we used Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV), as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, and meat processing facility drain samples to develop mixed-species biofilms on materials found in meat processing facilities (stainless steel (SS), PVC, and ceramic tiles). After exposure to the biofilm organisms for five days post-inoculation at 7°C we conducted quantitative PCR (qPCR) and plaque assays to determine whether MHV could remain both detectable and viable. Our data provides evidence that coronaviruses can remain viable on all the surfaces tested and are also able to integrate within an environmental biofilm. Although a portion of MHV was able to remain infectious after incubation with the environmental biofilm, a large reduction in plaque numbers was identified when compared with the viral inoculum incubated without biofilm on all test surfaces, which ranged from 6.45-9.27-fold higher. Interestingly, we observed a 2-fold increase in the virus-environmental biofilm biovolume when compared to biofilm without virus, indicating that the biofilm bacteria both detected and reacted to the virus. These results indicate a complex virus-environmental biofilm interaction. Although we observed better survival of MHV on a variety of surfaces commonly found in meat processing plants alone than with the biofilm, there is the potential for biofilms to protect virions from disinfecting agents, which has implications for the potential of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence within the meat processing plant environment. Also given the highly infectious nature of SARS-CoV-2, particularly for some of the variant strains such as omicron, having even a residual level of virus present represents a serious health hazard. The increase in biofilm biovolume in response to virus is also a concern for food safety due to the potential of the same being seen with organisms associated with food poisoning and food spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Featherstone
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amanda Claire Brown
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sapna Chitlapilly Dass
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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13
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Felton S, Armstrong C, Chen CY, He Y, Lee J, Reed S, Akula N, Walker S, Berger BW, Capobianco J. Enhancing detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food products using an enzyme. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation by Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium, E. cloacae, E. hormaechei, Pantoea spp., and Bacillus spp. Isolated from Human Milk Determined by PCA Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233862. [PMID: 36496670 PMCID: PMC9738827 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria enter milk during poor hygiene practices and can form a biofilm on surfaces that come into contact with human milk. The presence of a biofilm increases the risk of infections among newborns as bacteria protected by biofilm are resistant to washing and disinfection processes. The formation of the biofilm depends on the microbial species, environmental conditions, and the specific materials colonized. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of factors such as temperature, incubation time, and initial cell concentration on biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria isolated from human milk on model hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces. Model studies confirm that pathogenic bacteria appearing in human milk as a result of cross-contamination tend to form a biofilm. The majority of isolates formed biofilm at both 25 and 37 °C after 12 h at 1 × 103 CFU/mL inoculum count. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) showed that at lower temperatures, biofilm formation by bacterial isolates was the main determinant of biofilm formation, other factors were less important; however, at 37 °C, time was a factor in biofilm formation. The model research performed underlines the importance of maintaining the proper hygiene of rooms, surfaces, and devices for expressing, storing, and preparing mothers' milk and powdered infant formula (PIF) in facilities responsible for feeding newborns and premature babies.
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15
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Cheng Y, Zhang S, Zhang C, Mi X, Zhang W, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang Y. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is challenged by the presence of Pseudomonas, but successfully co-existed in dual-species microbial communities. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Citrus Essential Oils: a Treasure Trove of Antibiofilm Agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4625-4638. [PMID: 35779176 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are groups of adherent cell communities that cohere to the biotic and abiotic surfaces with the help of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS allow bacteria to form a biofilm that facilitates their binding to biotic and abiotic surfaces and provides resistance to the host immune responses and to antibiotics. There are efforts that have led to the development of natural compounds that can overcome this biofilm-mediated resistance. Essential oils (EOs) are a unique mixture of compounds that plays a key role in preventing the development of biofilm. The present overview focusses on the role of various types of citrus essential oils in acting against the biofilm, and the antibiofilm properties of natural compounds that may show an avenue to treat the multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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17
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Electrochemical Control of Biofilm Formation and Approaches to Biofilm Removal. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with microbial adhesion to metal-based surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation, showing that both processes are a serious problem in the food industry, where pathogenic microorganisms released from the biofilm structure may pollute food and related material during their production. Biofilm exhibits an increased resistance toward sanitizers and disinfectants, which complicates the removal or inactivation of microorganisms in these products. In the existing traditional techniques and modern approaches for clean-in-place, electrochemical biofilm control offers promising technology, where surface properties or the reactions taking place on the surface are controlled to delay or prevent cell attachment or to remove microbial cells from the surface. In this overview, biofilm characterization, the classification of bacteria-forming biofilms, the influence of environmental conditions for bacterial attachment to material surfaces, and the evaluation of the role of biofilm morphology are described in detail. Health aspects, biofilm control methods in the food industry, and conventional approaches to biofilm removal are included as well, in order to consider the possibilities and limitations of various electrochemical approaches to biofilm control with respect to potential applications in the food industry.
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18
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Dante Formagio M, de Oliveira Silva JV, Fortunato Prohmann L, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, Grenier Capoci IR, Seki Kioshima Cotica É, Graton Mikcha JM. New 1,3,4-oxadiazole compound with effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:957-966. [PMID: 35699344 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main aetiological agents causing food-borne diseases. Some strains produce enterotoxins responsible for food poisoning. In addition, they can form biofilms on several surfaces such as plastics, glass and stainless steel making it difficult to eliminate them. The present study evaluated, for the first time, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the synthetic compound LMM6 against S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0·97, 1·95 and 1·95 μg ml-1 against S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus 629/94 and S. aureus FRI S-6, respectively. The time-kill curves showed that 96 h treatment with LMM6 reduced approximately 4 log CFU per ml at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, LMM6 reduced S. aureus preformed biofilm by approximately 1 log CFU per cm2 . During biofilm formation, a reduction of approximately 4 log CFU per cm2 was observed. LMM6 also reduced biofilm biomass during (~60%) and after biofilm formation (~25 to 45%), as shown by the crystal violet assay. Based on these results, we conclude that LMM6 exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and may be an innovative synthetic molecule for controlling S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dante Formagio
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J V de Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - P A Zanetti Campanerut-Sá
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - I R Grenier Capoci
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - É Seki Kioshima Cotica
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J M Graton Mikcha
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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KALBASSI S, YARAHMADI M, MOHAMMADIFARD H, AHMADI F. The antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of medicinal plant extracts on isolated sulfate-reducing bacteria from orthodontic appliances. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.38322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Chakraborty S, Dutta H. Use of nature‐derived antimicrobial substances as safe disinfectants and preservatives in food processing industries: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himjyoti Dutta
- Department of Food Technology Mizoram University Aizawl India
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