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Ebola Virus GP Activates Endothelial Cells via Host Cytoskeletal Signaling Factors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010142. [PMID: 35062347 PMCID: PMC8781776 DOI: 10.3390/v14010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a lethal disease caused by the highly pathogenic Ebola virus (EBOV), and its major symptoms in severe cases include vascular leakage and hemorrhage. These symptoms are caused by abnormal activation and disruption of endothelial cells (ECs) whose mediators include EBOV glycoprotein (GP) without the need for viral replication. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that EBOV-like particles (VLPs) formed by GP, VP40, and NP activate ECs in a GP-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) expression. VLPs-mediated ECs activation showed a different kinetic pattern from that of TNF-α-mediated activation and was associated with apoptotic ECs disruption. In contrast to TNF-α, VLPs induced ICAM-1 overexpression at late time points. Furthermore, screening of host cytoskeletal signaling inhibitors revealed that focal adhesion kinase inhibitors were found to be potent inhibitors of ICAM-1 expression mediated by both TNF-α and VLPs. Our results suggest that EBOV GP stimulates ECs to induce endothelial activation and dysfunction with the involvement of host cytoskeletal signaling factors, which represent potential therapeutic targets for EVD.
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2
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Structural and Functional Aspects of Ebola Virus Proteins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101330. [PMID: 34684279 PMCID: PMC8538763 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), member of genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, have a non-segmented, single-stranded RNA that contains seven genes: (a) nucleoprotein (NP), (b) viral protein 35 (VP35), (c) VP40, (d) glycoprotein (GP), (e) VP30, (f) VP24, and (g) RNA polymerase (L). All genes encode for one protein each except GP, producing three pre-proteins due to the transcriptional editing. These pre-proteins are translated into four products, namely: (a) soluble secreted glycoprotein (sGP), (b) Δ-peptide, (c) full-length transmembrane spike glycoprotein (GP), and (d) soluble small secreted glycoprotein (ssGP). Further, shed GP is released from infected cells due to cleavage of GP by tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE). This review presents a detailed discussion on various functional aspects of all EBOV proteins and their residues. An introduction to ebolaviruses and their life cycle is also provided for clarity of the available analysis. We believe that this review will help understand the roles played by different EBOV proteins in the pathogenesis of the disease. It will help in targeting significant protein residues for therapeutic and multi-protein/peptide vaccine development.
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3
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Liu Y, Sun B, Pan J, Feng Y, Ye W, Xu J, Lan M, Sun H, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yang S, Shi J, Zhang F, Cheng L, Jiang D, Yang K. Construction and evaluation of DNA vaccine encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein fused with lysosome-associated membrane protein. Antiviral Res 2021; 193:105141. [PMID: 34274417 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) of the genus Ebolavirus belongs to the family Filoviridae, which cause disease in both humans and non-human primates. Zaire Ebola virus accounts for the highest fatality rate, reaching 90%. Considering that EBOV has a high infection and fatality rate, the development of a highly effective vaccine has become a top public health priority. Glycoprotein (GP) plays a critical role during infection and protective immune responses. Herein, we developed an EBOV GP recombinant DNA vaccine that targets the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II compartment by fusing with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Through lysosome trafficking and antigen presentation transferring, the LAMP1 targeting strategy successfully improved both humoral and cellular EBOV-GP-specific immune responses. After three consecutive immunizations, the serum antibody titers, especially the neutralizing activity of mice immunized with the pVAX-LAMP/GPEBO vaccine were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Antigen-specific T cells showed positive activity against three dominant peptides, EAAVSHLTTLATIST, IGEWAFWETKKNLTR, and ELRTFSILNRKAIDF, with high affinity for MHC class II molecules predicted by IEDB-recommended. Preliminary safety observation denied histological alterations. DNA vaccine candidate pVAX-LAMP/GPEBO shows promise against Ebola epidemic and further evaluation is guaranteed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- BALB 3T3 Cells
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/adverse effects
- Ebola Vaccines/genetics
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/adverse effects
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Baozeng Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Yuancai Feng
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Mingfu Lan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Shuya Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China.
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Mara K, Dai M, Brice AM, Alexander MR, Tribolet L, Layton DS, Bean AGD. Investigating the Interaction between Negative Strand RNA Viruses and Their Hosts for Enhanced Vaccine Development and Production. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010059. [PMID: 33477334 PMCID: PMC7830660 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic has highlighted the ever-increasing risk of human to human spread of zoonotic pathogens. A number of medically-relevant zoonotic pathogens are negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs). NSVs are derived from different virus families. Examples like Ebola are known for causing severe symptoms and high mortality rates. Some, like influenza, are known for their ease of person-to-person transmission and lack of pre-existing immunity, enabling rapid spread across many countries around the globe. Containment of outbreaks of NSVs can be difficult owing to their unpredictability and the absence of effective control measures, such as vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. In addition, there remains a lack of essential knowledge of the host–pathogen response that are induced by NSVs, particularly of the immune responses that provide protection. Vaccines are the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. In fact, in the event of a pandemic, appropriate vaccine design and speed of vaccine supply is the most critical factor in protecting the population, as vaccination is the only sustainable defense. Vaccines need to be safe, efficient, and cost-effective, which is influenced by our understanding of the host–pathogen interface. Additionally, some of the major challenges of vaccines are the establishment of a long-lasting immunity offering cross protection to emerging strains. Although many NSVs are controlled through immunisations, for some, vaccine design has failed or efficacy has proven unreliable. The key behind designing a successful vaccine is understanding the host–pathogen interaction and the host immune response towards NSVs. In this paper, we review the recent research in vaccine design against NSVs and explore the immune responses induced by these viruses. The generation of a robust and integrated approach to development capability and vaccine manufacture can collaboratively support the management of outbreaking NSV disease health risks.
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DeMers HL, He S, Pandit SG, Hannah EE, Zhang Z, Yan F, Green HR, Reyes DF, Hau D, McLarty ME, Altamura L, Taylor-Howell C, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, Qiu X, AuCoin DP. Development of an antigen detection assay for early point-of-care diagnosis of Zaire ebolavirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008817. [PMID: 33141837 PMCID: PMC7608863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2013–2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa and the ongoing cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have spurred development of a number of medical countermeasures, including rapid Ebola diagnostic tests. The likelihood of transmission increases as the disease progresses due to increasing viral load and potential for contact with others. Early diagnosis of EBOV is essential for halting spread of the disease. Polymerase chain reaction assays are the gold standard for diagnosing Ebola virus disease (EVD), however, they rely on infrastructure and trained personnel that are not available in most resource-limited settings. Rapid diagnostic tests that are capable of detecting virus with reliable sensitivity need to be made available for use in austere environments where laboratory testing is not feasible. The goal of this study was to produce candidate lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) prototypes specific to the EBOV glycoprotein and viral matrix protein, both targets known to be present during EVD. The LFI platform utilizes antibody-based technology to capture and detect targets and is well suited to the needs of EVD diagnosis as it can be performed at the point-of-care, requires no cold chain, provides results in less than twenty minutes and is low cost. Monoclonal antibodies were isolated, characterized and evaluated in the LFI platform. Top performing LFI prototypes were selected, further optimized and confirmed for sensitivity with cultured live EBOV and clinical samples from infected non-human primates. Comparison with a commercially available EBOV rapid diagnostic test that received emergency use approval demonstrates that the glycoprotein-specific LFI developed as a part of this study has improved sensitivity. The outcome of this work presents a diagnostic prototype with the potential to enable earlier diagnosis of EVD in clinical settings and provide healthcare workers with a vital tool for reducing the spread of disease during an outbreak. Ebola virus (EBOV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever and has an extremely high fatality rate that ranges from 60%-90%. There is no approved treatment or vaccine for this infectious disease and halting spread of the virus relies on identifying and isolating infected patients quickly. The current gold standard, polymerase chain reaction assay, requires patient samples be transported to regional reference laboratories where it often takes days to get results. A handful of Ebola rapid diagnostic tests have been developed, but lack the sensitivity required to detect the virus in earlier stages of the disease. There is great need for more sensitive rapid diagnostic tests that can identify the EBOV infected patients when they first become symptomatic. This study focused on production of high affinity mAbs to two target EBOV proteins for development of a more sensitivity rapid diagnostic test. Efforts have resulted in production of prototype detecting the EBOV glycoprotein that shows a notable improvement in sensitivity and offers the potential for earlier diagnosis of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L. DeMers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata G. Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Emily E. Hannah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Zirui Zhang
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Feihu Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heather R. Green
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Denise F. Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Derrick Hau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Megan E. McLarty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Louis Altamura
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Taylor-Howell
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail: (XQ); (DPA)
| | - David P. AuCoin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XQ); (DPA)
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6
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Increased Pathogenicity and Virulence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Clade B In Vitro and In Vivo. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00861-20. [PMID: 32434886 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00861-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory disease in humans. MERS-CoV strains from early epidemic clade A and contemporary epidemic clade B have not been phenotypically characterized to compare their abilities to infect cells and mice. We isolated the clade B MERS-CoV ChinaGD01 strain from a patient infected during the South Korean MERS outbreak in 2015 and compared the phylogenetics and pathogenicity of MERS-CoV EMC/2012 (clade A) and ChinaGD01 (clade B) in vitro and in vivo Genome alignment analysis showed that most clade-specific mutations occurred in the orf1ab gene, including mutations that were predicted to be potential glycosylation sites. Minor differences in viral growth but no significant differences in plaque size or sensitivity to beta interferon (IFN-β) were detected between these two viruses in vitro ChinaGD01 virus infection induced more weight loss and inflammatory cytokine production in human DPP4-transduced mice. Viral titers were higher in the lungs of ChinaGD01-infected mice than with EMC/2012 infection. Decreased virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers were detected in the lungs of ChinaGD01-infected mice. In conclusion, MERS-CoV evolution induced changes to reshape its pathogenicity and virulence in vitro and in vivo and to evade adaptive immune response to hinder viral clearance.IMPORTANCE MERS-CoV is an important emerging pathogen and causes severe respiratory infection in humans. MERS-CoV strains from early epidemic clade A and contemporary epidemic clade B have not been phenotypically characterized to compare their abilities to infect cells and mice. In this study, we showed that a clade B virus ChinaGD01 strain caused more severe disease in mice, with delayed viral clearance, increased inflammatory cytokines, and decreased antiviral T cell responses, than the early clade A virus EMC/2012. Given the differences in pathogenicity of different clades of MERS-CoV, periodic assessment of currently circulating MERS-CoV is needed to monitor potential severity of zoonotic disease.
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7
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Nehls J, Businger R, Hoffmann M, Brinkmann C, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Maurer B, Schönfeld C, Kramer D, Hailfinger S, Pöhlmann S, Schindler M. Release of Immunomodulatory Ebola Virus Glycoprotein-Containing Microvesicles Is Suppressed by Tetherin in a Species-Specific Manner. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1841-1853.e6. [PMID: 30759394 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) forms GP-containing microvesicles, so-called virosomes, which are secreted from GP-expressing cells. However, determinants of GP-virosome release and their functionality are poorly understood. We characterized GP-mediated virosome formation and delineated the role of the antiviral factor tetherin (BST2, CD317) in this process. Residues in the EBOV-GP receptor-binding domain (RBD) promote GP-virosome secretion, while tetherin suppresses GP-virosomes by interactions involving the GP-transmembrane domain. Tetherin from multiple species interfered with GP-virosome release, and tetherin from the natural fruit bat reservoir showed the highest inhibitory activity. Moreover, analyses of GP from various ebolavirus strains, including the EBOV responsible for the West African epidemic, revealed the most efficient GP-virosome formation by highly pathogenic ebolaviruses. Finally, EBOV-GP-virosomes were immunomodulatory and acted as decoys for EBOV-neutralizing antibodies. Our results indicate that GP-virosome formation might be a determinant of EBOV immune evasion and pathogenicity, which is suppressed by tetherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nehls
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Maurer
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Schönfeld
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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8
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Shu T, Gan T, Bai P, Wang X, Qian Q, Zhou H, Cheng Q, Qiu Y, Yin L, Zhong J, Zhou X. Ebola virus VP35 has novel NTPase and helicase-like activities. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5837-5851. [PMID: 31066445 PMCID: PMC6582406 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus (NNSV) in the family Filoviridae, and is recognized as one of the most lethal pathogens in the planet. For RNA viruses, cellular or virus-encoded RNA helicases play pivotal roles in viral life cycles by remodelling viral RNA structures and/or unwinding viral dsRNA produced during replication. However, no helicase or helicase-like activity has ever been found to associate with any NNSV-encoded proteins, and it is unknown whether the replication of NNSVs requires the participation of any viral or cellular helicase. Here, we show that despite of containing no conserved NTPase/helicase motifs, EBOV VP35 possesses the NTPase and helicase-like activities that can hydrolyse all types of NTPs and unwind RNA helices in an NTP-dependent manner, respectively. Moreover, guanidine hydrochloride, an FDA-approved compound and inhibitor of certain viral helicases, inhibited the NTPase and helicase-like activities of VP35 as well as the replication/transcription of an EBOV minigenome replicon in cells, highlighting the importance of VP35 helicase-like activity during EBOV life cycle. Together, our findings provide the first demonstration of the NTPase/helicase-like activity encoded by EBOV, and would foster our understanding of EBOV and NNSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tianyu Gan
- Unit of Viral Hepatitis, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Unit of Viral Hepatitis, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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9
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Olukitibi TA, Ao Z, Mahmoudi M, Kobinger GA, Yao X. Dendritic Cells/Macrophages-Targeting Feature of Ebola Glycoprotein and its Potential as Immunological Facilitator for Antiviral Vaccine Approach. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E402. [PMID: 31569539 PMCID: PMC6843631 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the prevention of epidemic and pandemic viral infection, the use of the antiviral vaccine has been the most successful biotechnological and biomedical approach. In recent times, vaccine development studies have focused on recruiting and targeting immunogens to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) has a strong binding affinity with DCs and macrophages. Shreds of evidence have also shown that the interaction between EBOV GP with DCs and macrophages leads to massive recruitment of DCs and macrophages capable of regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, studies for the development of vaccine can utilize the affinity between EBOV GP and DCs/macrophages as a novel immunological approach to induce both innate and acquired immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the unique features of EBOV GP to target the DC, and its potential to elicit strong immune responses while targeting DCs/macrophages. This review hopes to suggest and stimulate thoughts of developing a stronger and effective DC-targeting vaccine for diverse virus infection using EBOV GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Abiola Olukitibi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Mona Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Gary A Kobinger
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l' Université Laval/Centre Hospitalier de l' Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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10
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A versatile platform technology for recombinant vaccines using non-propagative human parainfluenza virus type 2 vector. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12901. [PMID: 31501502 PMCID: PMC6733870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic protein with proper steric structure was efficiently loaded onto the envelope of the F gene-defective BC-PIV vector derived from human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) by a reverse genetics method of recombinant virus production. Further, ectopic antigenic peptide was successfully loaded either outside, inside, or at both sides of the envelope of the vector. The BC-PIV vector harboring the Ebola virus GP gene was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice. In addition, BC-PIV with antigenic epitopes of both melanoma gp100 and WT1 tumor antigen induced a CD8+ T-cell-mediated response in tumor-transplanted syngeneic mice. Considering the low pathogenicity and recurrent infections of parental hPIV2, BC-PIV can be used as a versatile vector with high safety for recombinant vaccine development, addressing unmet medical needs.
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11
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Ning YJ, Kang Z, Xing J, Min YQ, Liu D, Feng K, Wang M, Deng F, Zhou Y, Hu Z, Wang H. Ebola virus mucin-like glycoprotein (Emuc) induces remarkable acute inflammation and tissue injury: evidence for Emuc pathogenicity in vivo. Protein Cell 2019; 9:389-393. [PMID: 28956289 PMCID: PMC5876185 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjun Xing
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Kuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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12
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Vaughan K, Xu X, Peters B, Sette A. Investigation of Outbreak-Specific Nonsynonymous Mutations on Ebolavirus GP in the Context of Known Immune Reactivity. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1846207. [PMID: 30581874 PMCID: PMC6276448 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1846207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global response to the most recent EBOV outbreak has led to increased generation and availability of data, which can be globally analyzed to increase our understanding of immune responses to EBOV. We analyzed the published antibody epitope data to identify regions immunogenic for humans on the main GP antigenic target and determine sequence variance/nonsynonymous mutations between historical isolates and variants from the 2013-2016 outbreak. Approximately half of the GP sequence has been reported as targeted by antibody responses. Our results show an enrichment of nonsynonymous mutations (NSMs) within epitopic regions on GP (70%, p = 0.0133). Mapping NSMs to human epitope reactivity may be useful for future therapeutic and prophylaxis development as well as for our general understanding of immunity against EBOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Vaughan
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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13
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Fujihira H, Usami K, Matsuno K, Takeuchi H, Denda-Nagai K, Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y, Takada A, Kawaoka Y, Irimura T. A Critical Domain of Ebolavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Determines Glycoform and Infectivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5495. [PMID: 29615747 PMCID: PMC5882653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses comprises 5 species that exert varying degrees of mortality/infectivity in humans with Reston ebolaviruses (REBOV) showing the lowest and Zaire ebolaviruses (ZEBOV) showing the highest. However, the molecular basis of this differential mortality/infectivity remains unclear. Here, we report that the structural features of ebolavirus envelope glycoproteins (GPs) and one of their counter receptors, macrophage galactose-type calcium-type lectin (MGL/CD301), play crucial roles in determining viral infectivity. The low infectivity of REBOV mediated by the interaction between GPs and MGL/CD301 dramatically increased when the N-terminal 18 amino acids (33rd through 50th) of GPs were replaced with that of ZEBOV. Furthermore, structural analysis of glycans of GPs revealed that N-glycans were more extended in REBOV than in ZEBOV. N-glycan extension was reversed by the replacement of aforementioned N-terminal 18 amino acid residues. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that extended N-glycans on GPs reduce MGL/CD301-mediated viral infectivity by hindering the interaction between GPs and MGL/CD301 preferentially binds O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fujihira
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Katsuaki Usami
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Division of International Services, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Kaori Denda-Nagai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Department of Advanced clinical glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 4638521, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of International Services, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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14
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West Africa 2013 Ebola: From Virus Outbreak to Humanitarian Crisis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 411:63-92. [PMID: 29071473 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2013 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa constituted a major humanitarian crisis. The outbreak numbered over 28,500 cases, more than 10 times the number cumulatively registered from all previous EVD outbreaks combined, with at least 11,000 deaths, and resulted in billions of dollars of lost economic growth to an already impoverished region. The unprecedented scale of West Africa 2013 took the world by surprise and laid bare deficiencies in our response capacity to complex humanitarian disasters of highly infectious and lethal pathogens. However, the magnitude of West Africa 2013 also provided a unique opportunity and obligation to better understand not only the biology and epidemiology of EVD, but also the many scientific, economic, social, political, ethical, and logistical challenges in confronting emerging infectious diseases in the modern era.
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