1
|
Syrigos GV, Feige M, Dirlam A, Businger R, Gruska I, Wiebusch L, Hamprecht K, Schindler M. Abemaciclib restricts HCMV replication by suppressing pUL97-mediated phosphorylation of SAMHD1. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105689. [PMID: 37516154 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that causes life-threatening infections in newborns or immunosuppressed patients. For viral replication, HCMV establishes a network of cellular interactions, among others cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Furthermore, HCMV encodes pUL97, a viral kinase, which is a CDK-homologue. HCMV uses pUL97 in order to phosphorylate and thereby antagonize SAMHD1, an antiviral host cell factor. Since HCMV has several mechanisms to evade restriction by SAMHD1, we first analyzed the kinetics of SAMHD1-inactivation and found that phosphorylation of SAMHD1 by pUL97 occurs directly after infection of macrophages. We hence hypothesized that inhibition of this process qualifies as efficient antiviral target and FDA approved CDK-inhibitors (CDKIs) might be potent antivirals that prevent the inactivation of SAMHD1. Indeed, Abemaciclib, a 2nd generation CDKI exhibited superior IC50s against HCMV in infected macrophages and the antiviral activity largely relied on its ability to block pUL97-mediated SAMHD1-phosphorylation. Altogether, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of clinically-approved CDKIs as antivirals against HCMV, sheds light on their mode of action and establishes SAMHD1 as a valid and highly potent therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vavouras Syrigos
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Feige
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alicia Dirlam
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iris Gruska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lüder Wiebusch
- Laboratory of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic urges for cheap, reliable, and rapid technologies for disinfection and decontamination. One frequently proposed method is ultraviolet (UV)-C irradiation. UV-C doses necessary to achieve inactivation of high-titre SARS-CoV-2 are poorly defined. Aim: We investigated whether short exposure of SARS-CoV-2 to UV-C irradiation sufficiently reduces viral infectivity and doses necessary to achieve an at least 6-log reduction in viral titres. Methods: Using a box and two handheld systems designed to decontaminate objects and surfaces, we evaluated the efficacy of 254 nm UV-C treatment to inactivate surface dried high-titre SARS-CoV-2. Results: Drying for 2 hours did not have a major impact on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, indicating that exhaled virus in droplets or aerosols stays infectious on surfaces for at least a certain amount of time. Short exposure of high titre surface dried virus (3–5*10^6 IU/ml) with UV-C light (16 mJ/cm2) resulted in a total inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. Dose-dependency experiments revealed that 3.5 mJ/cm2 were still effective to achieve a > 6-log reduction in viral titres, whereas 1.75 mJ/cm2 lowered infectivity only by one order of magnitude. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly inactivated by relatively low doses of UV-C irradiation and the relationship between UV-C dose and log-viral titre reduction of surface residing SARS-CoV-2 is nonlinear. Our findings emphasize that it is necessary to assure sufficient and complete exposure of all relevant areas by integrated UV-C doses of at least 3.5 mJ/cm2 at 254 nm. Altogether, UV-C treatment is an effective non-chemical option to decontaminate surfaces from high-titre infectious SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hochdorfer D, Businger R, Hotter D, Seifried C, Solzin J. Automated, label-free TCID 50 assay to determine the infectious titer of virus-based therapeutics. J Virol Methods 2021; 299:114318. [PMID: 34626683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A robust and precise infectivity assay is a prerequisite for the development and market supply of virus-based biologics. Like other cell-based assays, traditional infectivity assays suffer from high variability and require extensive hands-on time. Therefore, a faster and more robust method to measure infectivity is needed to fulfill the requirements of a higher sample throughput and speed in drug development. We developed a label-free tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) assay using automated image analysis that determines the cell confluence to discriminate between cytopathic effect-positive and -negative wells. In addition, we implemented semi-automated bench-top pipetting robots for the required pipetting steps to further shorten the hands-on time of the assay. The automated image analysis categorized >99 % of the wells similar as operators did via visual evaluation and there was a close correlation between the titers that were determined by using either the automated image analysis or visual evaluation (r² = 0.99). Thus, here we present a label-free TCID50 method with a stable automated image analysis that is ∼3.6x faster and more standardized compared to the classical TCID50 assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hochdorfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Analytical Development Biologicals, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Analytical Development Biologicals, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dominik Hotter
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Analytical Development Biologicals, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carina Seifried
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Analytical Development Biologicals, Biberach, Germany
| | - Johannes Solzin
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Analytical Development Biologicals, Biberach, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Große M, Ruetalo N, Layer M, Hu D, Businger R, Rheber S, Setz C, Rauch P, Auth J, Fröba M, Brysch E, Schindler M, Schubert U. Quinine Inhibits Infection of Human Cell Lines with SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:647. [PMID: 33918670 PMCID: PMC8069458 DOI: 10.3390/v13040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While vaccination campaigns are ongoing worldwide, there is still a tremendous medical need for efficient antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among several drug candidates, chloroquine (CQN) and hydroxychloroquine (H-CQN) were tested intensively, and any contentious therapeutic effect of both has been discussed controversially in the light of severe side effects and missing efficacy. Originally, H-CQN descended from the natural substance quinine, a medicinal product used since the Middle Ages, which actually is regulatory approved for various indications. We hypothesized that quinine also exerts anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. In Vero cells, quinine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection more effectively than CQN, and H-CQN and was less toxic. In human Caco-2 colon epithelial cells as well as the lung cell line A549 stably expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2, quinine also showed antiviral activity. In consistence with Vero cells, quinine was less toxic in A549 as compared to CQN and H-CQN. Finally, we confirmed our findings in Calu-3 lung cells, expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 endogenously. In Calu-3, infections with high titers of SARS-CoV-2 were completely blocked by quinine, CQN, and H-CQN in concentrations above 50 µM. The estimated IC50s were ~25 µM in Calu-3, while overall, the inhibitors exhibit IC50 values between ~3.7 to ~50 µM, dependent on the cell line and multiplicity of infection (MOI). Conclusively, our data indicate that quinine could have the potential of a treatment option for SARS-CoV-2, as the toxicological and pharmacological profile seems more favorable when compared to its progeny drugs H-CQN or CQN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Große
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (J.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Mirjam Layer
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Sascha Rheber
- ImmunoLogik GmbH, 13507 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Christian Setz
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (J.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Pia Rauch
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (J.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Janina Auth
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (J.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Fröba
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (J.A.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (J.A.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nehls J, Businger R, Hoffmann M, Brinkmann C, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Maurer B, Schönfeld C, Kramer D, Hailfinger S, Pöhlmann S, Schindler M. Release of Immunomodulatory Ebola Virus Glycoprotein-Containing Microvesicles Is Suppressed by Tetherin in a Species-Specific Manner. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1841-1853.e6. [PMID: 30759394 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) forms GP-containing microvesicles, so-called virosomes, which are secreted from GP-expressing cells. However, determinants of GP-virosome release and their functionality are poorly understood. We characterized GP-mediated virosome formation and delineated the role of the antiviral factor tetherin (BST2, CD317) in this process. Residues in the EBOV-GP receptor-binding domain (RBD) promote GP-virosome secretion, while tetherin suppresses GP-virosomes by interactions involving the GP-transmembrane domain. Tetherin from multiple species interfered with GP-virosome release, and tetherin from the natural fruit bat reservoir showed the highest inhibitory activity. Moreover, analyses of GP from various ebolavirus strains, including the EBOV responsible for the West African epidemic, revealed the most efficient GP-virosome formation by highly pathogenic ebolaviruses. Finally, EBOV-GP-virosomes were immunomodulatory and acted as decoys for EBOV-neutralizing antibodies. Our results indicate that GP-virosome formation might be a determinant of EBOV immune evasion and pathogenicity, which is suppressed by tetherin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nehls
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Maurer
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Schönfeld
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Böffert R, Businger R, Preiß H, Ehmann D, Truffault V, Simon C, Ruetalo N, Hamprecht K, Müller P, Wehkamp J, Schindler M. The human α-defensin-derived peptide HD5(1-9) inhibits cellular attachment and entry of human cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res 2020; 177:104779. [PMID: 32209394 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe illness in newborns and immunocompromised patients. Since treatment options are limited there is an unmet need for new therapeutic approaches. Defensins are cationic peptides, produced by various human tissues, which serve as antimicrobial effectors of the immune system. Furthermore, some defensins are proteolytically cleaved, resulting in the generation of smaller fragments with increased activity. Together, this led us to hypothesize that defensin-derived peptides are natural human inhibitors of virus infection with low toxicity. We screened several human defensin HNP4- and HD5-derived peptides and found HD5(1-9) to be antiviral without toxicity at high concentrations. HD5(1-9) inhibited HCMV cellular attachment and thereby entry and was active against primary as well as a multiresistant HCMV isolate. Moreover, cysteine and arginine residues were identified to mediate the antiviral activity of HD5(1-9). Altogether, defensin-derived peptides, in particular HD5(1-9), qualify as promising candidates for further development as a novel class of HCMV entry inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Böffert
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Preiß
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Ehmann
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Simon
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany; Translational Oncology Division, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herster F, Bittner Z, Codrea MC, Archer NK, Heister M, Löffler MW, Heumos S, Wegner J, Businger R, Schindler M, Stegner D, Schäkel K, Grabbe S, Ghoreschi K, Miller LS, Weber ANR. Platelets Aggregate With Neutrophils and Promote Skin Pathology in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1867. [PMID: 31474979 PMCID: PMC6706802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a frequent systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized primarily by skin lesions with massive infiltration of leukocytes, but frequently also presents with cardiovascular comorbidities. Especially polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) abundantly infiltrate psoriatic skin but the cues that prompt PMNs to home to the skin are not well-defined. To identify PMN surface receptors that may explain PMN skin homing in psoriasis patients, we screened 332 surface antigens on primary human blood PMNs from healthy donors and psoriasis patients. We identified platelet surface antigens as a defining feature of psoriasis PMNs, due to a significantly increased aggregation of neutrophils and platelets in the blood of psoriasis patients. Similarly, in the imiquimod-induced experimental in vivo mouse model of psoriasis, disease induction promoted PMN-platelet aggregate formation. In psoriasis patients, disease incidence directly correlated with blood platelet counts and platelets were detected in direct contact with PMNs in psoriatic but not healthy skin. Importantly, depletion of circulating platelets in mice in vivo ameliorated disease severity significantly, indicating that both PMNs and platelets may be relevant for psoriasis pathology and disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsofia Bittner
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martin Heister
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus W Löffler
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Wegner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Division of Molecular Virology, Institute of Virology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Division of Molecular Virology, Institute of Virology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hofmann S, Dehn S, Businger R, Bolduan S, Schneider M, Debyser Z, Brack-Werner R, Schindler M. Dual role of the chromatin-binding factor PHF13 in the pre- and post-integration phases of HIV-1 replication. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170115. [PMID: 29021215 PMCID: PMC5666080 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses interact with multiple host cell factors. Some of these are required to promote viral propagation, others have roles in inhibiting infection. Here, we delineate the function of the cellular factor PHF13 (or SPOC1), a putative HIV-1 restriction factor. Early in the HIV-1 replication cycle PHF13 increased the number of integrated proviral copies and the number of infected cells. However, after HIV-1 integration, high levels of PHF13 suppressed viral gene expression. The antiviral activity of PHF13 is counteracted by the viral accessory protein Vpr, which mediates PHF13 degradation. Altogether, the transcriptional master regulator and chromatin binding protein PHF13 does not have purely repressive effects on HIV-1 replication, but also promotes viral integration. By the functional characterization of the dual role of PHF13 during the HIV-1 replication cycle, we reveal a surprising and intricate mechanism through which HIV-1 might regulate the switch from integration to viral gene expression. Furthermore, we identify PHF13 as a cellular target specifically degraded by HIV-1 Vpr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hofmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Dehn
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bolduan
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martha Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Brack-Werner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Höhne K, Businger R, van Nuffel A, Bolduan S, Koppensteiner H, Baeyens A, Vermeire J, Malatinkova E, Verhasselt B, Schindler M. Virion encapsidated HIV-1 Vpr induces NFAT to prime non-activated T cells for productive infection. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160046. [PMID: 27383627 PMCID: PMC4967821 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of T cells encountered by HIV-1 are non-activated and do not readily allow productive infection. HIV-1 Vpr is highly abundant in progeny virions, and induces signalling and HIV-1 LTR transcription. We hence hypothesized that Vpr might be a determinant of non-activated T-cell infection. Virion-delivered Vpr activated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) through Ca2+ influx and interference with the NFAT export kinase GSK3β. This leads to NFAT translocation and accumulation within the nucleus and was required for productive infection of unstimulated primary CD4+ T cells. A mutagenesis approach revealed correlation of Vpr-mediated NFAT activation with its ability to enhance LTR transcription and mediate cell cycle arrest. Upon NFAT inhibition, Vpr did not augment resting T-cell infection, and showed reduced G2/M arrest and LTR transactivation. Altogether, Vpr renders unstimulated T cells more permissive for productive HIV-1 infection and stimulates activation of productively infected as well as virus-exposed T cells. Therefore, it could be involved in the establishment and reactivation of HIV-1 from viral reservoirs and might have an impact on the levels of immune activation, which are determinants of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Höhne
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anouk van Nuffel
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bolduan
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herwig Koppensteiner
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ann Baeyens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Malatinkova
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schoenenberger A, Özgüler O, Bieri C, Businger R, Moser A, Haberkern M, Stuck A, Exadaktylos A. Evaluation of an emergency geriatric screening for older patients in the emergency department. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|