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Wu CC, Tam EH, Shih YY, Lin YR, Hsueh PC, Shen HY, Woung CH, Wang LT, Tsai JC, Lin SJ, Chang CR, Ke PY, Kuo RL. Exploration of influenza A virus PA protein-associated cellular proteins discloses its impact on mitochondrial function. Virus Res 2024; 345:199387. [PMID: 38719025 PMCID: PMC11109008 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A virus can infect respiratory tracts and may cause severe illness in humans. Proteins encoded by influenza A virus can interact with cellular factors and dysregulate host biological processes to support viral replication and cause pathogenicity. The influenza viral PA protein is not only a subunit of influenza viral polymerase but also a virulence factor involved in pathogenicity during infection. To explore the role of the influenza virus PA protein in regulating host biological processes, we performed immunoprecipitation and LC‒MS/MS to globally identify cellular factors that interact with the PA proteins of the influenza A H1N1, 2009 pandemic H1N1, and H3N2 viruses. The results demonstrated that proteins located in the mitochondrion, proteasome, and nucleus are associated with the PA protein. We further discovered that the PA protein is partly located in mitochondria by immunofluorescence and mitochondrial fractionation and that overexpression of the PA protein reduces mitochondrial respiration. In addition, our results revealed the interaction between PA and the mitochondrial matrix protein PYCR2 and the antiviral role of PYCR2 during influenza A virus replication. Moreover, we found that the PA protein could also trigger autophagy and disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis. Overall, our research revealed the impacts of the influenza A virus PA protein on mitochondrial function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ee-Hong Tam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Huey Woung
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chen Tsai
- Department of Medical Science, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Syh-Jae Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Department of Medical Science, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Lin Kuo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Orosco FL. African swine fever virus proteins against host antiviral innate immunity and their implications for vaccine development. Open Vet J 2024; 14:941-951. [PMID: 38808296 PMCID: PMC11128636 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to global swine populations, necessitating a profound understanding of viral strategies against host antiviral innate immunity. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding ASFV proteins and their intricate interactions with host defenses. Noteworthy findings encompass the modulation of interferon signaling, manipulation of inflammatory pathways, and the impact on cellular apoptosis. The implications of these findings provide a foundation for advancing vaccine strategies against ASFV. In conclusion, this review consolidates current knowledge, emphasizing the adaptability of ASFV in subverting host immunity. Identified research gaps underscore the need for continued exploration, presenting opportunities for developing targeted vaccines. This synthesis provides a roadmap for future investigations, aiming to enhance our preparedness against the devastating impact of ASFV on global swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredmoore L. Orosco
- Virology and Vaccine Institute of the Philippines Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Yang W, Li L, Zhang J, Wu J, Kang W, Wang Y, Ding H, Li D, Zheng H. SNX32 is a host restriction factor that degrades African swine fever virus CP204L via the RAB1B-dependent autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0159923. [PMID: 38169281 PMCID: PMC10804981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in domestic pigs and European wild boars, posing a severe threat to the global pig industry. ASFV CP204L, a highly immunogenic protein, is produced during the early stages of ASFV infection. However, the impact of CP204L protein-interacting partners on the outcome of ASFV infection is poorly understood. To accomplish this, coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were conducted in ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We have demonstrated that sorting nexin 32 (SNX32) is a CP204L-binding protein and that CP204L interacted and colocalized with SNX32 in ASFV-infected PAMs. ASFV growth and replication were promoted by silencing SNX32 and suppressed by overexpressing SNX32. SNX32 degraded CP204L by recruiting the autophagy-related protein Ras-related protein Rab-1b (RAB1B). RAB1B overexpression inhibited ASFV replication, while knockdown of RAB1B had the opposite effect. Additionally, RAB1B, SNX32, and CP204L formed a complex upon ASFV infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SNX32 antagonizes ASFV growth and replication by recruiting the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. This finding extends our understanding of the interaction between ASFV CP204L and its host and provides new insights into exploring the relationship between ASFV infection and autophagy.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality near 100% in domestic pigs. ASF virus (ASFV), which is the only member of the family Asfarviridae, is a dsDNA virus of great complexity and size, encoding more than 150 proteins. Currently, there are no available vaccines against ASFV. ASFV CP204L represents the most abundantly expressed viral protein early in infection and plays an important role in regulating ASFV replication. However, the mechanism by which the interaction between ASFV CP204L and host proteins affects ASFV replication remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the cellular protein SNX32 interacted with CP204L and degraded CP204L by upregulating the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. In summary, this study will help us understand the interaction mechanism between CP204L and its host upon infection and provide new insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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Borca MV, Rai A, Espinoza N, Ramirez-Medina E, Spinard E, Velazquez-Salinas L, Valladares A, Silva E, Burton L, Meyers A, Gay CG, Gladue DP. African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L Produced in the Swine Macrophage-Derived Cell Line IPKM Remains Genetically Stable and Protective against Homologous Virulent Challenge. Viruses 2023; 15:2064. [PMID: 37896841 PMCID: PMC10612016 DOI: 10.3390/v15102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been shown to be highly efficacious in inducing protection against challenges with the parental virus, the Georgia 2010 isolate, as well as against field strains isolated from Vietnam. ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been shown to produce protection even when used at low doses (102 HAD50) and shows no residual virulence even when administered at high doses (106 HAD50) or evaluated for a relatively long period of time (6 months). ASFV-G-ΔI177L stocks can only be massively produced in primary cell macrophages. Alternatively, its modified version (ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔLVR) grows in a swine-derived cell line (PIPEC), acquiring significant genomic modifications. We present here the development of ASFV-G-ΔI177L stocks in a swine macrophage cell line, IPKM, and its protective efficacy when evaluated in domestic pigs. Successive passing of ASFV-G-ΔI177L in IPKM cells produces minimal genomic changes. Interestingly, a stock of ASFV-G-ΔI177L obtained after 10 passages (ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10) in IPKM cells showed very small genomic changes when compared with the original virus stock. ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10 conserves similar growth kinetics in primary swine macrophage cultures than the original parental virus ASFV-G-ΔI177L. Pigs infected with 103 HAD50 of ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10 developed a strong virus-specific antibody response and were completely protected against the challenge with the parental virulent field isolate Georgia 2010. Therefore, IPKM cells could be an effective alternative for the production of ASFV vaccine stocks for those vaccine candidates exclusively growing in swine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ediane Silva
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Leeanna Burton
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Amanda Meyers
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Cyril G. Gay
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (A.R.); (N.E.); (E.R.-M.); (E.S.); (L.V.-S.); (A.V.); (A.M.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (E.S.); (L.B.)
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Dolata KM, Pei G, Netherton CL, Karger A. Functional Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus-Host and Virus-Virus Protein Interactions. Viruses 2023; 15:1634. [PMID: 37631977 PMCID: PMC10459248 DOI: 10.3390/v15081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral replication fully relies on the host cell machinery, and physical interactions between viral and host proteins mediate key steps of the viral life cycle. Therefore, identifying virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing virus infection and is crucial for designing novel antiviral strategies. In the case of the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus that causes a deadly panzootic disease in pigs, the limited understanding of host and viral targets hinders the development of effective vaccines and treatments. This review summarizes the current knowledge of virus-host and virus-virus PPIs by collecting and analyzing studies of individual viral proteins. We have compiled a dataset of experimentally determined host and virus protein targets, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the biological functions of the identified virus-host and virus-virus protein interactions during infection. Ultimately, this work provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of ASFV interactome, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gang Pei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Afe AE, Shen ZJ, Guo X, Zhou R, Li K. African Swine Fever Virus Interaction with Host Innate Immune Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:1220. [PMID: 37376520 DOI: 10.3390/v15061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) adversely affects pig farming owing to its 100% mortality rate. The condition is marked by elevated body temperature, bleeding, and ataxia in domestic pigs, whereas warthogs and ticks remain asymptomatic despite being natural reservoirs for the virus. Breeding ASFV-resistant pigs is a promising solution for eradicating this disease. ASFV employs several mechanisms to deplete the host antiviral response. This review explores the interaction of ASFV proteins with innate host immunity and the various types of machinery encompassed by viral proteins that inhibit and induce different signaling pathways, such as cGAS-STING, NF-κB, Tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β), ubiquitination, viral inhibition of apoptosis, and resistance to ASFV infection. Prospects for developing a domestic pig that is resistant to ASFV are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola Ebenezer Afe
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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PRRSV nonstructural protein 11 degrades swine ISG15 by its endoribonuclease activity to antagonize antiviral immune response. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109720. [PMID: 36921497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus which causes serious economic losses to pig industry worldwide. Type I IFN induces expression of interferon-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15) to inhibit virus replication. To survive in the host, PRRSV has evolved to antagonize the antiviral response of ISGylation. Previous studies have reported that nonstructural protein 2 of PRRSV inhibits the ISGylation and antiviral function of ISG15 depending on its ovarian tumor (OTU) domain/papain-like protease domain (PLP2). However, whether there are other PRRSV proteins inhibiting ISGylation of cellular proteins is less well understood. In this study, we first found that PRRSV Nsp11 decreased ISGylation of cellular proteins. Meanwhile, the expression level of ISG15 was significantly inhibited by Nsp11. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the transcription of ISG15 was reduced by endoribonuclease activity of Nsp11. Finally, we found that the Nsp11-induced degradation of ISG15 was partially relied on autophagy-lysosome system. Taken together, PRRSV Nsp11 antagonizes the antiviral response of ISG15 by its endoribonuclease activity to promote PRRSV replication. Our results reveal a novel mechanism that PRRSV inhibits ISGylation of cellular proteins and impairs host innate immune response.
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Akbari M, Ebrahimi Tapeh Z, Zaersabet M, Rahimi H, Ganji M. Novel pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) mutation in an Iranian patient with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: findings of molecular and in silico investigations. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is a specific group of leukodystrophies and is characterized by progressive postnatal growth delay that represents a type of clinically overlapping but genetically heterogeneous diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance. Loss-of-function mutations in PYCR2 are one of the main causes of HLD type 10 (HLD10), which is identified by cerebral hypomyelination, inadequate growth, brain atrophy, and movement abnormality. This study aimed to investigate the molecular etiology of HLD10 disorder in an Iranian patient from a consanguineous marriage family.
Results
The DNA samples were extracted from the patient, a 9-year-old girl, and her parents. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted for these samples and the results were eventually confirmed and segregated via Sanger sequencing. Our findings demonstrated a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in PYCR2 gene, c.135dup (NM_013328.4). The heterozygous state of this variant was confirmed in parents. Additionally, this mutation was predicted to exhibit damaging effects through protein sequence alteration.
Conclusions
Such findings are of importance for understanding the underlying pathogenicity mechanisms and for improving genetic counseling knowledge of HLD patients for families.
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Zhang H, Duan X, Liu G, Li Y, Dong S, Lin J, Zhang R, Cai X, Shan H. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of PK15 cells infected with a PRV variant and the Bartha-K/61 vaccine strain. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164170. [PMID: 37213521 PMCID: PMC10196252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus that can infect domestic animals, such as pigs, cattle and sheep, and cause fever, itching (except pigs), and encephalomyelitis. In particular, the emergence of PRV variants in 2011 have resulted in serious economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. However, the signaling pathways mediated by PRV variants and their related mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods Here, we performed RNA-seq to compare the gene expression profiling between PRV virulent SD2017-infected PK15 cells and Bartha-K/61-infected PK15 cells. Results The results showed that 5,030 genes had significantly different expression levels, with 2,239 upregulated and 2,791 downregulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that SD2017 significantly up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the binding of cell cycle, protein and chromatin, while down-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ribosomes. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways most enriched for upregulated DEGs were pathways in cancer, cell cycle, microRNAs in cancer, mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy-animal. The most down-regulated pathways of DEGs enrichment were ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis. These KEGG pathways were involved in cell cycle, signal transduction, autophagy, and virus-host cell interactions. Discussion Our study provides a general overview of host cell responses to PRV virulent infection and lays a foundation for further study of the infection mechanism of PRV variant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingguang Li
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoming Dong
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxu Lin
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruihua Zhang
| | - Xiulei Cai
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Xiulei Cai
| | - Hu Shan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Hu Shan
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Netherton CL, Shimmon GL, Hui JYK, Connell S, Reis AL. African Swine Fever Virus Host-Pathogen Interactions. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:283-331. [PMID: 38159232 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus is a complex double-stranded DNA virus that exhibits tropism for cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Virus replication is a multi-step process that involves the nucleus of the host cell as well the formation of large perinuclear sites where progeny virions are assembled prior to transport to, and budding through, the plasma membrane. Like many viruses, African swine fever virus reorganises the cellular architecture to facilitate its replication and has evolved multiple mechanisms to avoid the potential deleterious effects of host cell stress response pathways. However, how viral proteins and virus-induced structures trigger cellular stress pathways and manipulate the subsequent responses is still relatively poorly understood. African swine fever virus alters nuclear substructures, modulates autophagy, apoptosis and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways. The viral genome encodes for at least 150 genes, of which approximately 70 are incorporated into the virion. Many of the non-structural genes have not been fully characterised and likely play a role in host range and modifying immune responses. As the field moves towards approaches that take a broader view of the effect of expression of individual African swine fever genes, we summarise how the different steps in virus replication interact with the host cell and the current state of knowledge on how it modulates the resulting stress responses.
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11
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Transcriptome Profiling in Swine Macrophages Infected with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Uncovers the Complex and Close Relationship with Host. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121411. [PMID: 36558746 PMCID: PMC9788513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen to cause devastating and economically significant diseases in domestic and feral swine. ASFV mainly infects macrophages and monocytes and regulates its replication process by affecting the content of cytokines in the infected cells. There is a limited understanding of host gene expression and differential profiles before and after ASFV infection in susceptible cells. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptomic change in PAMs infected with ASFV at different time points (0 h, 12 h, 24 h). As a result, a total of 2748, 1570, and 560 genes were enriched in group V12 h vs. MOCK, V24 h vs. MOCK, and V24 h vs. V12 h, respectively. These DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in each group were mainly concentrated in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways related to innate immunization and inflammation, including the NF-κB signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and chemokine signaling pathway. Furthermore, the increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IKKβ, CXCL2, and TRAF2 and decreased level of IκBα were validated through the qPCR method. These results suggested that ASFV infection can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway in the early stage. In general, this study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the pathogenesis and immune escape mechanism of ASFV.
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12
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Zhang X, Chen S, Li X, Zhang L, Ren L. Flavonoids as Potential Antiviral Agents for Porcine Viruses. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091793. [PMID: 36145539 PMCID: PMC9501777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are types of natural substances with phenolic structures isolated from a variety of plants. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities. Although most of the research or applications of flavonoids are focused on human diseases, flavonoids also show potential applicability against porcine virus infection. This review focuses on the recent progress in antiviral mechanisms of potential flavonoids against the most common porcine viruses. The mechanism discussed in this paper may provide a theoretical basis for drug screening and application of natural flavonoid compounds and flavonoid-containing herbs to control porcine virus infection and guide the research and development of pig feed additives.
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13
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Li Z, Chen W, Qiu Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wu K, Li X, Zhao M, Ding H, Fan S, Chen J. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081255. [PMID: 36013434 PMCID: PMC9409812 DOI: 10.3390/life12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease with a high fatality rate in both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has greatly challenged pig-raising countries and also negatively impacted regional and national trade of pork products. To date, ASF has spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. The development of safe and effective ASF vaccines is urgently required for the control of ASF outbreaks. The ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, has a large genome and a complex structure. The functions of nearly half of its viral genes still remain to be explored. Knowledge on the structure and function of ASFV proteins, the mechanism underlying ASFV infection and immunity, and the identification of major immunogenicity genes will contribute to the development of an ASF vaccine. In this context, this paper reviews the available knowledge on the structure, replication, protein function, virulence genes, immune evasion, inactivation, vaccines, control, and diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
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14
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Jiang H, Kan X, Ding C, Sun Y. The Multi-Faceted Role of Autophagy During Animal Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858953. [PMID: 35402295 PMCID: PMC8990858 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation to maintain cellular homeostatic by lysosomes, which ensures cellular survival under various stress conditions, including nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, high temperature, and pathogenic infection. Xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, serves as a defense mechanism against multiple intracellular pathogen types, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Recent years have seen a growing list of animal viruses with autophagy machinery. Although the relationship between autophagy and human viruses has been widely summarized, little attention has been paid to the role of this cellular function in the veterinary field, especially today, with the growth of serious zoonotic diseases. The mechanisms of the same virus inducing autophagy in different species, or different viruses inducing autophagy in the same species have not been clarified. In this review, we examine the role of autophagy in important animal viral infectious diseases and discuss the regulation mechanisms of different animal viruses to provide a potential theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies, such as targets of new vaccine development or drugs, to improve industrial production in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjin Kan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Sun, ; Chan Ding,
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Sun, ; Chan Ding,
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15
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Zheng X, Nie S, Feng WH. Regulation of antiviral immune response by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Virol Sin 2022; 37:157-167. [PMID: 35278697 PMCID: PMC9170969 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality approaching 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is an endemic in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Now, it has been spreading to many countries, especially in Asia and Europe. Due to the fact that there is no commercial vaccine available for ASF to provide sustainable prevention, the disease has spread rapidly worldwide and caused great economic losses in swine industry. The knowledge gap of ASF virus (ASFV) pathogenesis and immune evasion is the main factor to limit the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines. Here, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of how ASFV interferes with the host innate and adaptive immune responses. An in-depth understanding of ASFV immune evasion strategies will provide us with rational design of ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Sun H, Niu Q, Yang J, Zhao Y, Tian Z, Fan J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Geng S, Zhang Y, Guan G, Williams DT, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Features of Immune Response and Metabolism of Acutely Infected, Dead and Asymptomatic Infection of African Swine Fever Virus in Pigs. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808545. [PMID: 34975923 PMCID: PMC8714921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection can result in lethal disease in pigs. ASFV encodes 150-167 proteins, of which only approximately 50 encoded viral structure proteins are functionally known. ASFV also encodes some nonstructural proteins that are involved in the regulation of viral transcription, viral replication and evasion from host defense. However, the understanding of the molecular correlates of the severity of these infections is still limited. The purpose of this study was to compare host and viral gene expression differences and perform functional analysis in acutely infected, dead and cohabiting asymptomatic pigs infected with ASFV by using RNA-Seq technique; healthy pigs were used as controls. A total of 3,760 and 2,874 upregulated genes and 4,176 and 2,899 downregulated genes were found in healthy pigs vs. acutely infected, dead pigs or asymptomatic pigs, respectively. Additionally, 941 upregulated genes and 956 downregulated genes were identified in asymptomatic vs. acutely infected, dead pigs. Different alternative splicing (AS) events were also analyzed, as were gene chromosome locations, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network prediction analysis was performed for significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, 30 DEGs were validated by RT-qPCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. We further analyzed the interaction between ASFV and its host at the molecular level and predicted the mechanisms responsible for asymptomatic pigs based on the selected DEGs. Interestingly, we found that some viral genes in cohabiting asymptomatic pigs might integrate into host genes (DP96R, I73R and L83L) or remain in the tissues of cohabiting asymptomatic pigs. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study provide new evidence for further elucidating ASFV-host interactions and the ASFV infection mechanism and will facilitate the implementation of integrated strategies for controlling ASF spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Sun
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiwang Wang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Geng
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - David T Williams
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou) and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Wang Q, Zhou L, Wang J, Su D, Li D, Du Y, Yang G, Zhang G, Chu B. African Swine Fever Virus K205R Induces ER Stress and Consequently Activates Autophagy and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020394. [PMID: 35215987 PMCID: PMC8880579 DOI: 10.3390/v14020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is responsible for enormous economic losses in the global swine industry. The ASFV genome encodes approximate 160 proteins, most of whose functions remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the roles of ASFV K205R in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and inflammation. We observed that K205R was located in both the cytosolic and membrane fractions, and formed stress granules in cells. Furthermore, K205R triggered ER stress and activated the unfolded protein response through activating the transcription factor 6, ER to nucleus signaling 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3/PERK) signaling pathways. Moreover, K205R inhibited the serine/threonine kinase 1 and the mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase signaling pathway, thereby activating unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, and hence autophagy. In addition, K205R stimulated the translocation of P65 into the nucleus and the subsequent activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Inhibition of ER stress with a PERK inhibitor attenuated K205R-induced autophagy and NF-κB activation. Our data demonstrated a previously uncharacterized role of ASFV K205R in ER stress, autophagy, and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Luyu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dan Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dahua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- College of Animal Science & Techmology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450047, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (B.C.)
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (D.S.); (D.L.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (B.C.)
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18
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Li T, Zhao G, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Chen X, Song J, Wang X, Li J, Huang L, Wen L, Li C, Zhao D, He X, Bu Z, Zheng J, Weng C. African Swine Fever Virus pE199L Induces Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis. Viruses 2021; 13:2240. [PMID: 34835046 PMCID: PMC8617669 DOI: 10.3390/v13112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic disease in swine characterized by massive lymphocyte depletion and cell death, with apoptosis and necrosis in infected lymphoid tissues. However, the molecular mechanism regarding ASFV-induced cell death remains largely unknown. In this study, 94 ASFV-encoded proteins were screened to determine the viral proteins involved in cell death in vitro, and pE199L showed the most significant effect. Ectopic expression of pE199L in porcine cells (CRL-2843) and human cells (HEK293T and HeLa cells) induced cell death remarkably, showing obvious shrinking, blistering, apoptotic bodies, and nuclear DNA fragments. Meanwhile, cell death was markedly alleviated when the expression of pE199L was knocked down during ASFV infection. Additionally, the expression of pE199L caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and caspase-9 and -3/7 activation, indicating that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was involved in pE199L-induced apoptosis. Further investigations showed that pE199L interacted with several anti-apoptotic BCL-2 subfamily members (such as BCL-XL, MCL-1, BCL-W, and BCL-2A1) and competed with BAK for BCL-XL, which promoted BAK and BAX activation. Taken together, ASFV pE199L induces the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, which may provide clues for a comprehensive understanding of ASFV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin 150069, China; (T.L.); (G.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (D.Z.); (X.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin 150069, China; (T.L.); (G.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (D.Z.); (X.H.); (Z.B.)
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19
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Guo Z, Zhuo Y, Li K, Niu S, Dai H. Recent advances in cell homeostasis by African swine fever virus-host interactions. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:4-13. [PMID: 34634684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease caused by the infection of domestic swine and wild boar by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), with a mortality rate close to 90-100%. ASFV has been spreading in the world and poses a severe economic threat to the swine industry. There is no high effective vaccine commercially available or drug for this disease. However, attenuated ASFV isolates may infect pigs by chronic infection, and the infected pigs will not be lethal, which may indicate that pigs can produce protective immunity to resistant ASFV. Immunity acquisition and virus clearances are the central pillars to maintain the host normal cell activities and animal survival dependent on virus-host interactions, which has offered insights into the biology of ASFV. This review is organized around general themes including native immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell apoptosis, ubiquitination, autophagy regarding the intricate relationship between ASFV protein-host. Elucidating the multifunctional role of ASFV proteins in virus-host interactions can provide more new insights on the initial virus sensing, clearance, and cell homeostasis, and contribute to understanding viral pathogenesis and developing novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yisha Zhuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Keke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sai Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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