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Yang J, Fan H, Yang A, Wang W, Wan X, Lin F, Yang D, Wu J, Wang K, Li W, Cai Q, You L, Pang D, Lu J, Guo C, Shi J, Sun Y, Li X, Duan K, Shen S, Meng S, Guo J, Wang Z. The Protective Efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate B.1.351V against Several Variant Challenges in K18-hACE2 Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:742. [PMID: 39066379 PMCID: PMC11281458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to neutralization by antibodies has been observed globally. There is an urgent need for an effective vaccine to combat these variants. Our study demonstrated that the B.1.351 variant inactivated vaccine candidate (B.1.351V) generated strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses in BALB/c mice against the B.1.351 virus and other SARS-CoV-2 variants after two doses within 28 days. Immunized K18-hACE2 mice also exhibited elevated levels of live virus-neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Following infection with these viruses, K18-hACE2 mice displayed a stable body weight, a high survival rate, minimal virus copies in lung tissue, and no lung damage compared to the control group. These findings indicate that B.1.351V offered protection against infection with multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice, providing insights for the development of a vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 VOCs for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Huifen Fan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Anna Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Fengjie Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wei Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Lei You
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Deqin Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Changfu Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jinrong Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Xinguo Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shengli Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
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Li L, Guan YC, Bai SY, Jin QW, Tao JP, Zhu GD, Huang SY. Mineralization Reduces the Toxicity and Improves Stability and Protective Immune Response Induced by Toxoplasma gondii. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:35. [PMID: 38250848 PMCID: PMC10819335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an ideal strategy for the control and prevention of toxoplasmosis. However, the thermostability and effectiveness of vaccines limit their application. Here, calcium mineralization was used to fabricate Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites as immunogenic core-shell particles with improved immune response and thermostability. In the current study, T. gondii RH particles coated with mineralized shells were fabricated by calcium mineralization. The mineralized shells could maintain the T. gondii tachyzoites structural integrity for at least 12 months and weaken the virulence. Immunization of mice with mineralized tachyzoites induced high levels of T. gondii-specific antibodies and cytokines. The immunized mice were protected with a 100% survival rate in acute and chronic infection, and brain cyst burdens were significantly reduced. This study reported for the first time the strategy of calcium mineralization on T. gondii and proved that mineralized tachyzoites could play an immune protective role, thus expanding the application of biomineralization in T. gondii vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong-Chao Guan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Shao-Yuan Bai
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Qi-Wang Jin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Guo-Ding Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China;
| | - Si-Yang Huang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Shi J, Shen A, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang X. 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 38140062 PMCID: PMC10748258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made from inactivated pathogens, typically achieved by using chemical or physical methods to destroy the virus's ability to replicate. This type of vaccine can induce the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, thus protecting the body from infection. In China, the manufacturing of inactivated vaccines has a long history and holds significant importance among all the vaccines available in the country. This type of vaccine is widely used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. China is dedicated to conducting research on new inactivated vaccines, actively promoting the large-scale production of inactivated vaccines, and continuously improving production technology and quality management. These efforts enable China to meet the domestic demand for inactivated vaccines and gain a certain competitive advantage in the international market. In the future, China will continue to devote itself to the research and production of inactivated vaccines, further enhancing the population's health levels and contributing to social development. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the 30-year evolution of inactivated virus vaccines in China, serving as a reference for the development and production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ailin Shen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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Gomes MPDB, Linhares JHR, Dos Santos TP, Pereira RC, Santos RT, da Silva SA, Souza MCDO, da Silva JFA, Trindade GF, Gomes VS, Barreto-Vieira DF, Carvalho MMVF, Ano Bom APD, Gardinali NR, Müller R, Alves NDS, Moura LDC, Neves PCDC, Esteves GS, Schwarcz WD, Missailidis S, Mendes YDS, de Lima SMB. Inactivated and Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 for Safe Use in Immunoassays and as an Immunization Control for Non-Clinical Trials. Viruses 2023; 15:1486. [PMID: 37515173 PMCID: PMC10386713 DOI: 10.3390/v15071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful SARS-CoV-2 inactivation allows its safe use in Biosafety Level 2 facilities, and the use of the whole viral particle helps in the development of analytical methods and a more reliable immune response, contributing to the development and improvement of in vitro and in vivo assays. In order to obtain a functional product, we evaluated several inactivation protocols and observed that 0.03% beta-propiolactone for 24 h was the best condition tested, as it promoted SARS-CoV-2 inactivation above 99.99% and no cytopathic effect was visualized after five serial passages. Moreover, RT-qPCR and transmission electron microscopy revealed that RNA quantification and viral structure integrity were preserved. The antigenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by ELISA using different Spike-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. K18-hACE2 mice immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2, formulated in AddaS03TM, presented high neutralizing antibody titers, no significant weight loss, and longer survival than controls from a lethal challenge, despite RNA detection in the oropharyngeal swab, lung, and brain. This work emphasizes the importance of using different techniques to confirm viral inactivation and avoid potentially disastrous contamination. We believe that an efficiently inactivated product can be used in several applications, including the development and improvement of molecular diagnostic kits, as an antigen for antibody production as well as a control for non-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renata Carvalho Pereira
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Tourinho Santos
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gisela Freitas Trindade
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Viviane Silva Gomes
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Noemi Rovaris Gardinali
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Müller
- Pre-Clinical Trials Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luma da Cruz Moura
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Santos Esteves
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ygara da Silva Mendes
- Virological Technology Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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Citta Nirmala E, Sudjarwo SA, Kuncorojakti S, Puspitasari H, A’la R, Yasmin Wijaya A, Susilowati H, Diyantoro D, Triakoso N, Setiawan B, Eru Wibowo A, Abdul Rantam F. The response of CD59 NK cell and IL-6 level in Cynomolgus macaque immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:2847-2853. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is deemed the best approach against the COVID-19 pandemic. In regard of safety and protectivity, the whole inactivated vaccine platform is advantageous and widely used. Whole inactivated vaccine provides broader protection against various antigenic components of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to analyze the immune response of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. The analysis utilized the flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate CD59 NK cell expression and serum IL-6 level. This research used 6 macaques which were divided into 2 groups: Adult and Adolescence. Each group was consisted of 3 macaques. The macaques received two doses of 3 µg of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with 21 days interval between first and second dose. CD59 and IL-6 level were measured before the first vaccination (D0), 21 days post-vaccination but before second dose (D21), and 14 days after the second dose (D35). The result showed significant escalation (p ≤ 0.05) of CD59 NK cell expression between D0, D21, and D35 in both adult and adolescence macaques. Higher expression of CD59 NK cell was found in adult macaques compared to adolescence macaques. Meanwhile, the level of IL-6 remained constant (p > 0.05) throughout D0, D21, and D35 in both groups. In conclusion, the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate can increase CD59 NK cell expression significantly, while IL-6 level was mildly elevated although the differences were insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Citta Nirmala
- Master’s Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Histology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Heni Puspitasari
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Rofiqul A’la
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Andi Yasmin Wijaya
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Helen Susilowati
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Diyantoro Diyantoro
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nusdianto Triakoso
- Internal Medicine Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Boedi Setiawan
- Clinical Surgery Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
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6
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Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030607. [PMID: 36992191 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the efficient means available so far for preventing and controlling the infection rate of COVID-19. Several researchers have focused on the whole virus’s (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines which are economically efficient to produce. In Pakistan, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported since the start of the pandemic in February 2020. Due to the continuous evolution of the virus and economic recessions, the present study was designed to develop an indigenous inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that might help not only to prevent the COVID-19 in Pakistan, it will also save the country’s economic resources. The SARS-CoV-2 were isolated and characterized using the Vero-E6 cell culture system. The seed selection was carried out using cross-neutralization assay and phylogenetic analysis. The selected isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/Pakistan/UHSPK3-UVAS268/2021) was inactivated using beta-propiolactone followed by vaccine formulation using Alum adjuvant, keeping the S protein concentration as 5 μg/dose. The vaccine efficacy was evaluated by in vivo immunogenicity testing in laboratory animals and in in vitro microneutralization test. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the SARS-CoV-2 isolates reported from Pakistan nested into different clades, representing multiple introductions of the virus into Pakistan. The antisera raised against various isolates from different waves in Pakistan showed a varied level of neutralization titers. However, the antisera produced against a variant (hCoV-19/Pakistan/UHSPK3-UVAS268/2021; fourth wave) efficiently neutralized (1:64–1:512) all the tested SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The inactivated whole virus vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 was safe and it also elicited a protective immune response in rabbits and rhesus macaques on the 35th-day post-vaccination. The activity of neutralizing antibodies of vaccinated animals was found at 1:256–1:1024 at 35 days post-vaccination, indicating the effectiveness of the double-dose regime of the indigenous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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7
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A triple-RBD-based mucosal vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1279-1289. [PMID: 36220993 PMCID: PMC9552159 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants urge the development of effective mucosal vaccines to provide broad-spectrum protection against the initial infection and thereby curb the transmission potential. Here, we designed a chimeric triple-RBD immunogen, 3Ro-NC, harboring one Delta RBD and two Omicron RBDs within a novel protein scaffold. 3Ro-NC elicits potent and broad RBD-specific neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Notably, intranasal immunization with 3Ro-NC plus the mucosal adjuvant KFD (3Ro-NC + KFDi.n) elicits coordinated mucosal IgA and higher neutralizing antibody specificity (closer antigenic distance) against the Omicron variant. In Omicron-challenged human ACE2 transgenic mice, 3Ro-NC + KFDi.n immunization significantly reduces the tissue pathology in the lung and lowers the viral RNA copy numbers in both the lung (85.7-fold) and the nasal turbinate (13.6-fold). Nasal virologic control is highly correlated with RBD-specific secretory IgA antibodies. Our data show that 3Ro-NC plus KFD is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate for protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, pathology and transmission potential.
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8
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Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Shows Cross-Protection against Bat SARS-Related Coronaviruses in Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice. J Virol 2022; 96:e0016922. [PMID: 35343762 PMCID: PMC9044931 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00169-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic to humans and have caused pandemics in 2003 and 2019, respectively. Genetically diverse SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been detected or isolated from bats, and some of these viruses have been demonstrated to utilize human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor and to have the potential to spill over to humans. A pan-sarbecovirus vaccine that provides protection against SARSr-CoV infection is urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against recombinant SARSr-CoVs carrying two different spike proteins (named rWIV1 and rRsSHC014S, respectively). Although serum neutralizing assays showed limited cross-reactivity between the three viruses, the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provided full protection against SARS-CoV-2 and rWIV1 and partial protection against rRsSHC014S infection in human ACE2 transgenic mice. Passive transfer of SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated mouse sera provided low protection for rWIV1 but not for rRsSHC014S infection in human ACE2 mice. A specific cellular immune response induced by WIV1 membrane protein peptides was detected in the vaccinated animals, which may explain the cross-protection of the inactivated vaccine. This study shows the possibility of developing a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine against SARSr-CoVs for future preparedness. IMPORTANCE The genetic diversity of SARSr-CoVs in wildlife and their potential risk of cross-species infection highlight the necessity of developing wide-spectrum vaccines against infection of various SARSr-CoVs. In this study, we tested the protective efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (IAV) against two SARSr-CoVs with different spike proteins in human ACE2 transgenic mice. We demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 IAV provides full protection against rWIV1 and partial protection against rRsSHC014S. The T-cell response stimulated by the M protein may account for the cross protection against heterogeneous SARSr-CoVs. Our findings suggest the feasibility of the development of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines, which can be a strategy of preparedness for future outbreaks caused by novel SARSr-CoVs from wildlife.
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9
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Bi Z, Hong W, Que H, He C, Ren W, Yang J, Lu T, Chen L, Lu S, Peng X, Wei X. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 induces acute respiratory distress syndrome in human ACE2-transgenic mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:439. [PMID: 34952899 PMCID: PMC8705082 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of animal models for COVID-19 is essential for basic research and drug/vaccine screening. Previously reported COVID-19 animal models need to be established under a high biosafety level condition for the utilization of live SARS-CoV-2, which greatly limits its application in routine research. Here, we generate a mouse model of COVID-19 under a general laboratory condition that captures multiple characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) observed in humans. Briefly, human ACE2-transgenic (hACE2) mice were intratracheally instilled with the formaldehyde-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, resulting in a rapid weight loss and detrimental changes in lung structure and function. The pulmonary pathologic changes were characterized by diffuse alveolar damage with pulmonary consolidation, hemorrhage, necrotic debris, and hyaline membrane formation. The production of fatal cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and the infiltration of activated neutrophils, inflammatory monocyte-macrophages, and T cells in the lung were also determined, suggesting the activation of an adaptive immune response. Therapeutic strategies, such as dexamethasone or passive antibody therapy, could effectively ameliorate the disease progression in this model. Therefore, the established mouse model for SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS in the current study may provide a robust tool for researchers in the standard open laboratory to investigate the pathological mechanisms or develop new therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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10
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Dangi T, Palacio N, Sanchez S, Park M, Class J, Visvabharathy L, Ciucci T, Koralnik IJ, Richner JM, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Cross-protective immunity following coronavirus vaccination and coronavirus infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:151969. [PMID: 34623973 DOI: 10.1172/jci151969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, it is unknown if coronavirus vaccines can also protect against other coronaviruses that may infect humans in the future. Here, we show that coronavirus vaccines elicited cross-protective immune responses against heterologous coronaviruses. In particular, we show that a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) vaccine developed in 2004 and known to protect against SARS-CoV-1 conferred robust heterologous protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Similarly, prior coronavirus infections conferred heterologous protection against distinct coronaviruses. Cross-reactive immunity was also reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and in individuals who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and transfer of plasma from these individuals into mice improved protection against coronavirus challenges. These findings provide the first demonstration to our knowledge that coronavirus vaccines (and prior coronavirus infections) can confer broad protection against heterologous coronaviruses and establish a rationale for universal coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Palacio
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mincheol Park
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob Class
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Igor J Koralnik
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Justin M Richner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Development of an Inactivated Vaccine against SARS CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111266. [PMID: 34835197 PMCID: PMC8624180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 with its mutating strains has posed a global threat to safety during this COVID-19 pandemic. Thus far, there are 123 candidate vaccines in human clinical trials and more than 190 candidates in preclinical development worldwide as per the WHO on 1 October 2021. The various types of vaccines that are currently approved for emergency use include viral vectors (e.g., adenovirus, University of Oxford/AstraZeneca, Gamaleya Sputnik V, and Johnson & Johnson), mRNA (Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech), and whole inactivated (Sinovac Biotech and Sinopharm) vaccines. Amidst the emerging cases and shortages of vaccines for global distribution, it is vital to develop a vaccine candidate that recapitulates the severe and fatal progression of COVID-19 and further helps to cope with the current outbreak. Hence, we present the preclinical immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and safety evaluation of a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (ERUCoV-VAC) formulated in aluminium hydroxide, in three animal models, BALB/c mice, transgenic mice (K18-hACE2), and ferrets. The hCoV-19/Turkey/ERAGEM-001/2020 strain was used for the safety evaluation of ERUCoV-VAC. It was found that ERUCoV-VAC was highly immunogenic and elicited a strong immune response in BALB/c mice. The protective efficacy of the vaccine in K18-hACE2 showed that ERUCoV-VAC induced complete protection of the mice from a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Similar viral clearance rates with the safety evaluation of the vaccine in upper respiratory tracts were also positively appreciable in the ferret models. ERUCoV-VAC has been authorized by the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency and has now entered phase 3 clinical development (NCT04942405). The name of ERUCoV-VAC has been changed to TURKOVAC in the phase 3 clinical trial.
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12
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Zhugunissov K, Zakarya K, Khairullin B, Orynbayev M, Abduraimov Y, Kassenov M, Sultankulova K, Kerimbayev A, Nurabayev S, Myrzakhmetova B, Nakhanov A, Nurpeisova A, Chervyakova O, Assanzhanova N, Burashev Y, Mambetaliyev M, Azanbekova M, Kopeyev S, Kozhabergenov N, Issabek A, Tuyskanova M, Kutumbetov L. Development of the Inactivated QazCovid-in Vaccine: Protective Efficacy of the Vaccine in Syrian Hamsters. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:720437. [PMID: 34646246 PMCID: PMC8503606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.720437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, the first cases of the human coronavirus disease COVID-19 were registered in Kazakhstan. We isolated the SARS-CoV-2 virus from clinical materials from some of these patients. Subsequently, a whole virion inactivated candidate vaccine, QazCovid-in, was developed based on this virus. To develop the vaccine, a virus grown in Vero cell culture was used, which was inactivated with formaldehyde, purified, concentrated, sterilized by filtration, and then adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide gel particles. The formula virus and adjuvant in buffer saline solution were used as the vaccine. The safety and protective effectiveness of the developed vaccine were studied in Syrian hamsters. The results of the studies showed the absolute safety of the candidate vaccine in the Syrian hamsters. When studying the protective effectiveness, the developed vaccine with an immunizing dose of 5 μg/dose specific antigen protected animals from a wild homologous virus at a dose of 104.5 TCID50/mL. The candidate vaccine induced the formation of virus-neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated hamsters at titers of 3.3 ± 1.45 log2 to 7.25 ± 0.78 log2, and these antibodies were retained for 6 months (observation period) for the indicated titers. No viral replication was detected in vaccinated hamsters, protected against the development of acute pneumonia, and ensured 100% survival of the animals. Further, no replicative virus was isolated from the lungs of vaccinated animals. However, a virulent virus was isolated from the lungs of unvaccinated animals at relatively high titers, reaching 4.5 ± 0.7 log TCID50/mL. After challenge infection, 100% of unvaccinated hamsters showed clinical symptoms (stress state, passivity, tousled coat, decreased body temperature, and body weight, and the development of acute pneumonia), with 25 ± 5% dying. These findings pave the way for testing the candidate vaccine in clinical human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Berik Khairullin
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergali Abduraimov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Markhabat Kassenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aslan Kerimbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergazy Nurabayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aziz Nakhanov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Nurpeisova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Chervyakova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Yerbol Burashev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Moldir Azanbekova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Syrym Kopeyev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aisha Issabek
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Moldir Tuyskanova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Lespek Kutumbetov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
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13
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Hassan AO, Shrihari S, Gorman MJ, Ying B, Yuan D, Raju S, Chen RE, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva E, Adams LJ, Mann C, Davis-Gardner ME, Suthar MS, Shi PY, Saphire EO, Fremont DH, Curiel DT, Alter G, Diamond MS. An intranasal vaccine durably protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109452. [PMID: 34289385 PMCID: PMC8270739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants that attenuate antibody neutralization could jeopardize vaccine efficacy. We recently reported the protective activity of an intranasally administered spike protein-based chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in animals, which has advanced to human trials. Here, we assessed its durability, dose response, and cross-protective activity in mice. A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induced durably high neutralizing and Fc effector antibody responses in serum and S-specific IgG and IgA secreting long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. Protection against a historical SARS-CoV-2 strain was observed across a 100-fold vaccine dose range and over a 200-day period. At 6 weeks or 9 months after vaccination, serum antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 strains with B.1.351, B.1.1.28, and B.1.617.1 spike proteins and conferred almost complete protection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after challenge with variant viruses. Thus, in mice, intranasal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S provides durable protection against historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Gorman
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dansu Yuan
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Colin Mann
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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