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Aswathy M, Parama D, Hegde M, Dr S, Lankalapalli RS, Radhakrishnan KV, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural Prenylflavones from the Stem Bark of Artocarpus altilis: Promising Anticancer Agents for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Targeting the Akt/mTOR/STAT-3 Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24252-24267. [PMID: 38882137 PMCID: PMC11170706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Artonin E (AA2) and artobiloxanthone (AA3) were extracted and purified from the acetone extract of the stem bark of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg. Preliminary investigations of both candidates revealed promising cytotoxic effects in oral cancer cells. Moreover, these candidates modulated the expression of pivotal proteins linked to oral cancer progression, eliciting apoptosis through caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. Additionally, our results showed that AA2 and AA3 suppressed several proteins linked with oral cancer, such as Bcl-2, COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9, and modulated the cell signaling pathways, such as Akt/mTOR and STAT-3, offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanism of action of these compounds. These findings were robustly validated in silico using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. To our knowledge, these findings have not been previously reported, and the continued exploration and development of these natural products may offer a potential avenue for the effective management of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniyamma Aswathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sherin Dr
- Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology (Digital University Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram 695317, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Hanroongsri J, Amornphimoltham P, Younis RH, Chaisuparat R. Expression of PD-L1 and p-RPS6 in epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1337582. [PMID: 38370876 PMCID: PMC10869481 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1337582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often preceded by oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The role of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the progression of OED to OSCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of phosphorylated RPS6 (p-RPS6) and PD-L1 in OSCC and OED and to examine its relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods Fifty-two OSCC and 48 OED cases were recruited for immunohistochemical analysis of p-RPS6 and PD-L1 expression. The expression of markers was correlated with clinicopathological features of OSCC and OED. Results We found p-RPS6 expression in all cases of OSCC and OED, whereas PD-L1 was expressed in 42/48 (87%) OED and in 28/52 (53%) OSCC. The patients with mild OED presented higher expression level of PD-L1 and p-RPS6 significantly, when compared to moderate-differentiated OSCC patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found a significant positive correlation between PD-L1 and p-RPS6 expression in OED and OSCC patients (p < 0.01). The PD-L1 expression was significantly related to more than 2 cm tumor size in OSCC patients (p = 0.007). Discussion Our findings suggest the upregulation of PD-L1 may be related with activation of the mTOR pathway in the early events of tumor progression and the pathogenesis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwat Hanroongsri
- Division of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Rania H. Younis
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Risa Chaisuparat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Heath and Healthy Longevity, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Ribosomes and Ribosomal Proteins Promote Plasticity and Stemness Induction in Glioma Cells via Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142142. [PMID: 35883585 PMCID: PMC9323835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal tumor that develops in the adult brain. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies related to surgical resection and chemo-radiotherapy, the overall survival of patients with GBM remains unsatisfactory. Genetic research on mutation, amplification, and deletion in GBM cells is important for understanding the biological aggressiveness, diagnosis, and prognosis of GBM. However, the efficacy of drugs targeting the genetic abnormalities in GBM cells is limited. Investigating special microenvironments that induce chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells is critical to improving the survival and quality of life of patients with GBM. GBM cells acquire and maintain stem-cell-like characteristics via their intrinsic potential and extrinsic factors from their special microenvironments. The acquisition of stem-cell-like phenotypes and aggressiveness may be referred to as a reprogramming of GBM cells. In addition to protein synthesis, deregulation of ribosome biogenesis is linked to several diseases including cancer. Ribosomal proteins possess both tumor-promotive and -suppressive functions as extra-ribosomal functions. Incorporation of ribosomes and overexpression of ribosomal protein S6 reprogram and induce stem-cell-like phenotypes in GBM cells. Herein, we review recent literature and our published data on the acquisition of aggressiveness by GBM and discuss therapeutic options through reprogramming.
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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Geens M, Stappers S, Konings H, De Winter BY, Specenier P, Van Meerbeeck JP, Verpooten GA, Abrams S, Janssens A, Peeters M, Van de Heyning P, Vanderveken OM, Ledeganck KJ. Epidermal growth factor as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker of response to platinum-based chemotherapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252646. [PMID: 34115785 PMCID: PMC8195347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated serum epidermal growth factor (EGF) in an oncological population of head- and neck and pulmonary neoplasms and whether serum EGF could serve as a prognostic marker of survival and as a predictive marker for treatment response to platinum-based chemotherapy. A total of 59 oncological patients and a control group of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. Pre-treatment serum EGF from both groups was determined. Patient’s and tumour characteristics and mortality were recorded during a 5-year follow up period. Baseline serum EGF significantly differed between the oncological patients and the healthy volunteers (p<0.001). Serum EGF was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004) but not with sex (p = 0.753), age (p = 1.00), TNM stage (p = 0.191) or tumour size (p = 0.077). Neither serum EGF (p = 0.81) nor age (p = 0.55) showed an effect on the patient’s survival. Tumour location was significantly associated with overall 5-year survival (p = 0.003). The predictive capacity of serum EGF of response to chemotherapy was limited (AUC = 0.606), a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 56% was observed resulting in a likelihood ratio of a positive and negative test equal to 1.81 and 0.36, respectively. In conclusion, serum EGF levels are 5.5 times higher in an oncological population compared to a control group. Within the oncological population, low serum EGF values are associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. Further investigation is necessary to determine if the serum EGF levels could serve as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Geens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stappers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heleen Konings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pol Specenier
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan P. Van Meerbeeck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Gert A. Verpooten
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Abrams
- Global Health Institute, Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M. Vanderveken
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristien J. Ledeganck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Alboushi L, Hackett AP, Naeli P, Bakhti M, Jafarnejad SM. Multifaceted control of mRNA translation machinery in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110037. [PMID: 33975011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translation machinery is tightly regulated through several, at times overlapping, mechanisms that modulate its efficiency and accuracy. Due to their fast rate of growth and metabolism, cancer cells require an excessive amount of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. However, unfavorable conditions, such as hypoxia, amino acid starvation, and oxidative stress, which are abundant in cancer, as well as many anti-cancer treatments inhibit mRNA translation. Cancer cells adapt to the various internal and environmental stresses by employing specialised transcript-specific translation to survive and gain a proliferative advantage. We will highlight the major signaling pathways and mechanisms of translation that regulate the global or mRNA-specific translation in response to the intra- or extra-cellular signals and stresses that are key components in the process of tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Alboushi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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7
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Yang X, Xu L, Yang YE, Xiong C, Yu J, Wang Y, Lin Y. Knockdown of ribosomal protein S6 suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:100. [PMID: 32862831 PMCID: PMC7457759 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer typically is diagnosed late because insensitivity and lack of specificity of current biomarkers prior to its clinical detection. Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a ribosomal protein involved in the ribosomal 40S subunit, but its biological role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still unknown. Results RPS6 was elevated in EOC compared to normal ovarian tissues and adenomas. Higher expression of RPS6 predicted worse prognosis in EOC. The level of RPS6 was correlated with clinical stage, histological type and pathological grade. Knockdown of RPS6 reduced the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and HO8910, and inhibit the migration and invasion ability. It revealed that cells arrested at G0G1 phase after knockdown of RPS6, and the expressions of CyclinD1, Cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and pRb were also reduced. Conclusions RPS6 is involved in EOC and knockdown of RPS6 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of EOC in vitro by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest. RPS6 is expected to be a novel biomarker and molecular target to the EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxi Xu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-E Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaying Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Konings H, Stappers S, Geens M, De Winter BY, Lamote K, van Meerbeeck JP, Specenier P, Vanderveken OM, Ledeganck KJ. A Literature Review of the Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Head and Neck Neoplasms. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1020. [PMID: 32670885 PMCID: PMC7332560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck neoplasms have a poor prognosis because of their late diagnosis. Finding a biomarker to detect these tumors in an early phase could improve the prognosis and survival rate. This literature review provides an overview of biomarkers, covering the different -omics fields to diagnose head and neck neoplasms in the early phase. To date, not a single biomarker, nor a panel of biomarkers for the detection of head and neck tumors has been detected with clinical applicability. Limitations for the clinical implementation of the investigated biomarkers are mainly the heterogeneity of the study groups (e.g., small population in which the biomarker was tested, and/or only including high-risk populations) and a low sensitivity and/or specificity of the biomarkers under study. Further research on biomarkers to diagnose head and neck neoplasms in an early stage, is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Konings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stappers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margot Geens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pol Specenier
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristien J Ledeganck
- Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Liu Q, Jiang L, Wang W, Jiang T. BTF3 Silencing Inhibits the Proliferation of Osteosarcoma Cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:1855-1861. [PMID: 31205542 PMCID: PMC6547992 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the bone malignancy cancers with poor prognosis in the early stages worldwide. Basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) is associated with the development of several types of cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of BTF3 in OS. Silencing of BTF3 was achieved by using stable lentivirus transfection of siRNA targeting BTF3 in the human OS cell line Saos-2. Cell viability and colony-forming ability were measured using methyl-thaizolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) and colony formation assays, respectively. Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry was used to detect the progression of the cell cycle. To evaluate the possible intracellular signaling molecules involved, a PathScan Intracellular Signaling Array Kit was utilized. Lentivirus-BTF3-shRNA (LV-BTF3-shRNA) suppressed expression of BTF3 in Saos-2 cells (inhibition ratio: 89.8%), which significantly inhibited cell proliferation (48.5%), colony formation and enhanced apoptosis to 48.2% compared to 4.5% with lentivirus control shRNA (N-shRNA). Additionally, BTF3 silencing enhanced the percentage of Saos-2 cells in S and G2/M phases, but significantly reduced cells in the G0/M phase (all P < 0.01). The proteins activated by BTF3 included STAT3, S6 ribosomal protein, HSP27 and SAPK/JNK2, all of which were inhibited by BTF3 silencing, whereas SAPK/JNK1 was upregulated by BTF3 silencing. In the present study, we explored the crucial role of BTF3 in promoting OS cell proliferation as well as laying the foundations for further research to investigate the clinical potential of lentivirus-mediated delivery of BTF3 interruption therapy for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital of Liuyang, Liuyang 410300, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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NGAL is Downregulated in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Leads to Increased Survival, Proliferation, Migration and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070228. [PMID: 29996471 PMCID: PMC6071146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a major public health burden worldwide. The lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis has increased the difficulty in managing this disease. Recent studies have reported that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a secreted glycoprotein, is upregulated in various tumors. In our study, we found that NGAL was significantly downregulated in primary malignant and metastatic tissues of oral cancer in comparison to normal tissues. The downregulation of NGAL was strongly correlated with both degree of differentiation and stage (I–IV); it can also serve as a prognostic biomarker for oral cancer. Additionally, tobacco carcinogens were found to be involved in the downregulation of NGAL. Mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of NGAL increased oral cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration; it also induced resistance against cisplatin. Silencing of NGAL activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)signaling and reduced autophagy by the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p53-Redd1 signaling axis. Moreover, cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were upregulated, and caspase-9 was downregulated, suggesting that silencing of NGAL increases oral cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Thus, from our study, it is evident that downregulation of NGAL activates the mTOR pathway and helps in the progression of oral cancer.
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11
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de Vicente JC, Peña I, Rodrigo JP, Rodríguez-Santamarta T, Lequerica-Fernández P, Suárez-Fernández L, Allonca E, García-Pedrero JM. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 correlation with p21 expression and inverse association with tumor size in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:1876-1887. [PMID: 28675642 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6), a surrogate marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, and p21 in a series of 125 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to ascertain the phosphorylation status of p-S6 at Ser235/236 and Ser240/244, p21, and p53 protein expression. RESULTS Expression of phosphorylated S6 protein on either serine 235/236 or serine 240/244 was detected in 83% and 88% tumors, respectively, and both of them were inversely and significantly correlated with the tumor size and local infiltration. Positive p21 expression was found in 91.5% of the cases, and was inversely correlated with tumor size. In OSCC, p21 expression correlates with p-S6 levels, a surrogate marker of mTOR activation, independently of p53 status. CONCLUSION Expression of both p21 and p-S6 was found to inversely associate with tumor size but not survival outcomes in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C de Vicente
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, CIBERONC ISCIII Spain
| | - Ignacio Peña
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, CIBERONC ISCIII Spain
| | - Tania Rodríguez-Santamarta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, CIBERONC ISCIII Spain
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12
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Influence of the RPL34 gene on the growth and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:40-46. [PMID: 28697409 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for almost 3% of all malignant tumors all over the world. This study aims to investigate the correlation of RPL34 with the cell growth and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as its clinical prognosis. METHOD Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were conducted to determine the RPL34 expression in 85 OSCC tissues and 30 normal oral mucosa tissues. Besides, OSCC cell lines SCC-4 were divided into blank group, negative control (NC) group and RPL34-shRNA group. The qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to measure RPL34 expression, CCK-8 and flow cytometry to observe cell growth and apoptosis, and wound healing and transwell to detect cell migration and invasion. RESULTS The RPL34 gene expression was up-regulated in OSCC tissues and cells. The RPL34 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation degree, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Patients with positive RPL34 expression had a poorer prognosis. After inhibition of RPL34 expression, the proliferation of SCC-4 cells was slowed down at 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h respectively, and both the migration distance and the number of invasive cells were reduced, while there was an increase in the ratio of cells at G0/G1 stage and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION The RPL34 gene was highly expressed in OSCC, while silencing RPL34 could block cell proliferation and metastasis, but promote cell apoptosis, suggesting the RPL34 gene to be a new promising clinical target for OSCC therapy.
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13
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Lane HE, Burns TA, Hegedus OC, Watts MR, Weber PS, Woltman KA, Geor RJ, McCutcheon LJ, Eades SC, Mathes LE, Belknap JK. Lamellar events related to insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor signalling in two models relevant to endocrinopathic laminitis. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:643-654. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. E. Lane
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - T. A. Burns
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - O. C. Hegedus
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - M. R. Watts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - P. S. Weber
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - K. A. Woltman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - R. J. Geor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - L. J. McCutcheon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - S. C. Eades
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - L. E. Mathes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - J. K. Belknap
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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14
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Diamanti S, Nikitakis N, Rassidakis G, Doulis I, Sklavounou A. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the mTOR pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland neoplasms. Oral Dis 2016; 22:620-9. [PMID: 27177463 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of upstream and downstream molecules of the oncogenic mTOR signaling pathway in intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (SGTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples consisted of 39 malignant and 13 benign minor SGTs, and 8 controls of normal minor salivary glands (NMSG). An immunohistochemical analysis for phosphorylated Akt, 4EBP1 and S6 (total and phosphorylated), and eIF4E was performed. RESULTS Expression of pAkt and 4EBP1 was observed in all SGTs and in most NMSG. p4EBP1 was detected in almost all SGT cases, NMSG being negative. S6 immunoreactivity was observed in 37.5% of NMSG, 92.3% of benign and 100% of malignant SGTs, while pS6 expression was observed in 77% of benign and 95% of malignant SGTs, but not in NMSG. Finally, eIF4E was expressed in 12.5% of NMSG, 69.2% of benign, and 76.9% of malignant tumors. All molecules studied had statistically significantly lower expression in NMSG compared with SGTs. Moreover, malignant neoplasms received higher scores compared with benign tumors for all molecules with the exception of eIF4E. CONCLUSION The mTOR signaling pathway is activated in SGTs, especially in malignancies. Therefore, the possible therapeutic role of targeting the mTOR pathway by rapamycin analogs in SGTs needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diamanti
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. , .,Oral Medicine Department, 251 General Air Force and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece. ,
| | - N Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathology and Cytology, Carolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - I Doulis
- Oral Medicine Department, 251 General Air Force and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Yang-Kolodji G, Mumenthaler SM, Mehta A, Ji L, Tripathy D. Phosphorylated ribosomal S6 (p-rpS6) as a post-treatment indicator of HER2 signalling targeted drug resistance. Biomarkers 2016; 20:313-22. [PMID: 26329528 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1068865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify clinically relevant predictive biomarkers of trastuzumab resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS MTT, FACS assays, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were used to phenotypically characterize drug responses of two cell models BT474R and SKBR3R. Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation were applied for statistic analysis. RESULTS The activity of a downstream effector of the HER2 pathway phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-rpS6), was suppressed by trastuzumab in the parental cell lines yet remained unchanged in the resistant cells following treatment. The level of p-rpS6 was inversely correlated to the drug induced growth inhibition of trastuzumab-resistant cells when they are treated with selected HER2 targeting drugs. CONCLUSION p-rpS6 is a robust post-treatment indicator of HER2 pathway-targeted therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Yang-Kolodji
- a Department of Medicine , Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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16
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Martins F, de Sousa SC, Dos Santos E, Woo SB, Gallottini M. PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway proteins are differently expressed in oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:746-752. [PMID: 26991907 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway is associated with several cellular functions and is frequently changed in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical expression pattern of components in PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), comparing to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and non-dysplastic oral tissues (NDOT). METHODS A total of 186 cases of NDOT, OED and OSCC were retrieved. Nuclear staining and cytoplasmic staining of the keratinocytes were considered positive, and the percentage of positive cells was calculated. RESULTS Increased immunoreactivity from NDOT to OED and OSCC was seen for all proteins. In NDOT cases, positivity was found only for pS6 (52.9%) and p4EBP1 (13.5%). In OED, immunoreactivity was observed for pAKT (62.2%), pmTOR (28.6%), pS6 (70.8%), and p4EBP1 (42.9%). In OSCC cases, immunoreactivity was found for pAKT (83.3%), pmTOR (50%), pS6 (77.4%), and p4EBP1 (50%). The pAKT and pmTOR expression was higher in OED (<0.001, Fisher's exact test) and OSCC (<0.001, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated higher pAKT and pmTOR expression during carcinogenesis of oral mucosa, differing considerably among OED and OSCC specimens when compared to NDOT. These proteins can be considered potential diagnostic markers for early detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Com de Sousa
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sook-Bin Woo
- Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Advanced Graduate Education Program in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Chaisuparat R, Limpiwatana S, Kongpanitkul S, Yodsanga S, Jham BC. The Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:581-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Chaisuparat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Developing Research Unit of Prevention and Therapy of Oral Cancers and Neoplasms by Herbal Medicine; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
| | | | | | - Somchai Yodsanga
- Department of Oral Pathology, Developing Research Unit of Prevention and Therapy of Oral Cancers and Neoplasms by Herbal Medicine; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
| | - Bruno C. Jham
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois; Midwestern University; Downers Grove IL USA
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18
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Chen B, Tan Z, Gao J, Wu W, Liu L, Jin W, Cao Y, Zhao S, Zhang W, Qiu Z, Liu D, Mo X, Li W. Hyperphosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 predicts unfavorable clinical survival in non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:126. [PMID: 26490682 PMCID: PMC4618148 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit, is involved in multiple cellular bioactivities. However, its clinicopathological significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. Methods Expressions of total rpS6 (t-rpS6) and phosphorylated rpS6 (Ser235/236, p-rpS6) were detected immunohistochemically in 316 NSCLC tissues and 82 adjacent controls, followed by statistical evaluation of the relationship between proteins expressions and patients’ survivals to identify their prognostic values. Cytological experiments with overexpressing or silencing rpS6 by lentivirus in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and NSCLC cell lines were performed to explore potential mechanisms by which rpS6 affects the clinical development of NSCLC. Additionally, specific RNA interference for Akt1, Akt2, Akt3, Akt inhibitor and subsequent cellular bioactivity tests were employed as well to investigate the upstream regulation of rpS6. Results Positive rates of t-rpS6 and p-rpS6 were both significantly increased in NSCLC tissues, compared with controls (82.91 vs 62.20 % for t-rpS6; 52.22 vs 21.95 % for p-rpS6; both P < 0.001). However, only hyperphosphorylation of rpS6, expressed as either elevated p-rpS6 alone or the ratio of p-rpS6 to t-rpS6 (p-rpS6/t-rpS6) no less than 0.67, was greatly associated with the unfavorable survival of NSCLC patients, especially for cases at stage I (all P < 0.001). The independent adverse prognostic value of hyperphosphorylated rpS6 was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratios for elevated p-rpS6 alone and p-rpS6/t-rpS6 no less than 0.67 were 2.403, 4.311 respectively, both P < 0.001). Overexpression or knockdown of rpS6, along with parallel alterations of p-rpS6, led to increased or decreased cells proliferations respectively, which were dependent on redistributions of cell cycles (all P < 0.05). Cells migration and invasion also changed with rpS6 interference (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, upstream overexpression or knockdown of Akt2 or Akt2 phosphorylation inhibition, rather than Akt1 or Akt3, resulted in striking hyperphosphorylation or dephosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K and rpS6 (all P < 0.05), without any change in total proteins expressions. Further tests showed markedly accompanied variation of cells proliferation, cell cycle distribution and invasion (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Hyperphosphorylation of rpS6, probably regulated by the Akt2/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, is closely relevant to the progression of NSCLC and it might be served as a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0239-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Inspectiong and Quarantine Technical Center of Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Toxicological Inspection, Sichuan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lida Liu
- Department of Toxicological Inspection, Sichuan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Toxicological Inspection, Sichuan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidan Cao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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19
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Ribosomal Protein S6 Phosphorylation: Four Decades of Research. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 320:41-73. [PMID: 26614871 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) has been described for the first time about four decades ago. Since then, numerous studies have shown that this modification occurs in response to a wide variety of stimuli on five evolutionarily conserved serine residues. However, despite a large body of information on the respective kinases and the signal transduction pathways, the physiological role of rpS6 phosphorylation remained obscure until genetic manipulations were applied in both yeast and mammals in an attempt to block this modification. Thus, studies based on both mice and cultured cells subjected to disruption of the genes encoding rpS6 and the respective kinases, as well as the substitution of the phosphorylatable serine residues in rpS6, have laid the ground for the elucidation of the multiple roles of this protein and its posttranslational modification. This review focuses primarily on newly identified kinases that phosphorylate rpS6, pathways that transduce various signals into rpS6 phosphorylation, and the recently established physiological functions of this modification. It should be noted, however, that despite the significant progress made in the last decade, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the diverse effects of rpS6 phosphorylation on cellular and organismal physiology are still poorly understood.
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20
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Annexin A1 Preferentially Predicts Poor Prognosis of Basal-Like Breast Cancer Patients by Activating mTOR-S6 Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127678. [PMID: 26000884 PMCID: PMC4441370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an anti-inflammatory protein reported to play a role in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to be deregulated in breast cancer. The exact role of annexin A1 in the biology of breast cancer remains unclear. We hypothesized that the annexin A1 plays an oncogenic role in basal subtype of breast cancer by modulating key growth pathway(s). Methods By mining the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Breast Cancer dataset and manipulating annexin A1 levels in breast cancer cell lines, we studied the role of annexin A1 in breast cancer and underlying signaling pathways. Results Our in-silico analysis of TCGA-breast cancer dataset demonstrated that annexin A1 mRNA expression is higher in basal subtype compared to luminal and HER2 subtypes. Within the basal subtype, patients show significantly poorer overall survival associated with higher expression of annexin A1. In both TCGA patient samples and cell lines, annexin A1 levels were significantly higher in basal-like breast cancer than luminal and Her2/neu-positive breast cancer. Stable annexin A1 knockdown in TNBC cell lines suppressed the mTOR-S6 pathway likely through activation of AMPK but had no impact on the MAPK, c-Met, and EGFR pathways. In a cell migration assay, annexin A1-depleted TNBC cells showed delayed migration as compared to wild-type cells, which could be responsible for poor patient prognosis in basal like breast cancers that are known to express higher annexin A1. Conclusions Our data suggest that annexin A1 is prognostic only in patients with basal like breast cancer. This appears to be in part due to the role of annexin A1 in activating mTOR-pS6 pathway.
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Yi YW, You K, Bae EJ, Kwak SJ, Seong YS, Bae I. Dual inhibition of EGFR and MET induces synthetic lethality in triple-negative breast cancer cells through downregulation of ribosomal protein S6. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:122-32. [PMID: 25955731 PMCID: PMC4735702 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits innate resistance to the EGFR inhibition despite high level expression of EGFR. Recently, we found that the proliferation of basal-like (BL) subtype TNBC cells is synergistically inhibited by combination of EGFR and PI3K/AKT inhibitors. On the contrary, TNBC cells of mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtype are resistant to these combinations. To identify potential synthetic lethal interaction of compounds for treatment of MSL subtype TNBC cells, we performed MTT screening of MDA-MB-231 cells with a small library of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) in the presence of gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor. We identified MET inhibitors as potent RTKIs that caused synthetic lethality in combination with gefitinib in MDA-MB-231 cells. We demonstrated that combination of a MET inhibitor SU11274 with various EGFR inhibitors resulted in synergistic suppression of cell viability (in MTT assay) and cell survival (in colony formation assay) of MSL subtype TNBC cells. We further demonstrated that SU11274 alone induced G2 arrest and gefitinib/SU11274 combination sustained the SU11274-induced G2 arrest in these cells. In addition, SU11274/gefitinib combination synergistically reduced the level of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in MSL subtype TNBC cells. In addition, knockdown of RPS6 itself, in both HS578T and MDA-MB-231, markedly reduced the proliferation of these cells. Taken together, our data suggest that dual targeting of EGFR and MET inhibits the proliferation of MSL subtype TNBC cells through down-regulation of RPS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusic You
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward Jeong Bae
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng-June Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Bae
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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22
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Xiao H, Wang H, Silva EA, Thompson J, Guillou A, Yates JR, Buchon N, Franc NC. The Pallbearer E3 ligase promotes actin remodeling via RAC in efferocytosis by degrading the ribosomal protein S6. Dev Cell 2014; 32:19-30. [PMID: 25533207 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is achieved through phagocytosis by professional or amateur phagocytes. It is critical for tissue homeostasis and remodeling in all animals. Failure in this process can contribute to the development of inflammatory autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. We found previously that the PALL-SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase complex promotes apoptotic cell clearance, but it remained unclear how it did so. Here we show that the F-box protein PALL interacts with phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (RpS6) to promote its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. This leads to RAC2 GTPase upregulation and activation and F-actin remodeling that promotes efferocytosis. We further show that the specific role of PALL in efferocytosis is driven by its apoptotic cell-induced nuclear export. Finding a role for RpS6 in the negative regulation of efferocytosis provides the opportunity to develop new strategies to regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Silva
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James Thompson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aurélien Guillou
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathalie C Franc
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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23
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Chen B, Zhang W, Gao J, Chen H, Jiang L, Liu D, Cao Y, Zhao S, Qiu Z, Zeng J, Zhang S, Li W. Downregulation of ribosomal protein S6 inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest, rather than apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:378-89. [PMID: 25199762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), a component of the small 40S ribosomal subunit, has been found to be associated with multiple physiological and pathophysiological functions. However, its effects and mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain unknown. Here, we showed that expressions of total rpS6 and phosphorylation rpS6 (p-rpS6) were both significantly overexpressed in NSCLC. Further survival analysis revealed the shortened overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in p-rpS6 overexpressed patients and confirmed it as an independent adverse predictor. Stable downregulation of rpS6 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 and squamous cell carcinoma H520 cell lines was then achieved by two specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviruses separately. Subsequent experiments showed that downregulation of rpS6 dramatically inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, loss of rpS6 promoted cells arrested in G0-G1 phase and reduced in G2-M phase, along with the expression alterations of relative proteins. However, no notable change in apoptosis was observed. Collectively, these results suggested that rpS6 is overactivated in NSCLC and its downregulation suppresses the growth of NSCLC mainly by inducing G0-G1 cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Toxicological Inspection, Sichuan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Clinical Medical School, North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital, Sichuan), Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidan Cao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Pócza T, Sebestyén A, Turányi E, Krenács T, Márk A, Sticz TB, Jakab Z, Hauser P. mTOR pathway as a potential target in a subset of human medulloblastoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:893-900. [PMID: 24737380 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) plays role in protein synthesis and metabolism, mTOR pathway activation is involved in the pathogenesis of several types of tumors. Our aim was to elucidate its role in medulloblastoma in terms of prognosis and as a therapeutic target. Members of activated mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) and phospho-S6 (p-S6) were examined by immunohistochemistry in formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples of 40 patients with medulloblastoma, and results were compared to clinical features and survival of patients. In proliferation assays, Daoy and UW228-2 medulloblastoma cell lines were tested by rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, and NVP-BEZ235, a dual mTOR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, each in monotherapy and in combination with cytostatic drugs (cisplatin, etoposide). Components of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes were also examined in these cell lines. Neither presence of p-mTOR (32.5 %) nor p-S6 (32.5 %) correlated with age, gender or histological subtype. In 22.5 % of cases simultaneous expression of p-mTOR and p-S6 was shown. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed inferior survival of patients expressing both marker proteins, but it was not statistically significant, probably due to low case number. UW228-2 cells had greater sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors, possibly due to its higher mTORC1 specific protein expression levels, compared to Daoy cells. In both cell lines antiproliferative effect of cytostatic drugs was significantly enhanced by mTOR inhibitors (p < 0.05). Based on our in vitro and clinicopathological studies mTOR inhibitors may have a role in the future treatment of a subset of patients with medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Pócza
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Activation Status of the Akt/mTOR/pS6 Signaling Pathway in Oral Lichen Planus. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:743456. [PMID: 24228033 PMCID: PMC3818896 DOI: 10.1155/2013/743456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Aberrations of the Akt/mTOR/pS6 pathway have been linked to various types of human cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activation status of Akt, mTOR, and pS6 in oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison with oral premalignant and malignant lesions and normal oral mucosa (NM). Materials and Methods. Immunohistochemistry for p-Akt, p-mTOR, and phospho-pS6 was performed in 40 OLP, 20 oral leukoplakias (OL), 10 OSCC, and 10 control samples of NM. Results. Nuclear p-Akt expression was detected in the vast majority of cases in all categories, being significantly higher in OL. Cytoplasmic p-Akt and p-mTOR staining was present only in a minority of OLP cases, being significantly lower compared to OL and OSCC. Phospho-pS6 showed cytoplasmic positivity in most OLP cases, which however was significantly lower compared to OL and OSCC. Conclusions. Overall, cytoplasmic p-Akt, p-mTOR, and phospho-pS6 levels appear to be significantly lower in OLP compared to OL and OSCC. However, the expression of these molecules in a subset of OLP cases suggests that activation of Akt/mTOR/pS6 may occur in the context of OLP, possibly contributing to the premalignant potential of individual cases.
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