1
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Ghamry HI. Impending Chemotherapeutic Impact of Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles and/or Sorafenib against Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Modulation of Antioxidant Status, Tumor Marker Genes, and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. TOXICS 2023; 11:107. [PMID: 36850982 PMCID: PMC9964820 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles (NSP) to overcome sorafenib resistance in diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. This study used sixty Wistar male rats randomly grouped into two main groups, the normal control group, and the HCC model. For the normal control group (n = 12), animals were injected i.p. with PBS two times/week for 16 weeks. The remaining 48 rats were injected i.p. with using a single dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg, ip), followed by phenobarbital sodium (0.05%) in drinking water for 16 weeks. At the end of the 16th week, rats were allocated into four groups (11 rats/each), one group was left without treatment (DENA group), and the other three groups were treated with either sorafenib (30 mg/kg; p.o.) or Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles (NSP) (0.5 mg/kg body weight) once daily orally with the aid of gastric gavage or their combination for another four weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected for further biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis. Our result revealed that DENA-treated rats showed a marked elevation of hepatic enzyme markers with an increase in the total protein and globulin and decreases in the hepatic SOD. Catalase and GSH, with significantly increased MDA levels, subsequently increased the tumor biomarkers (AFP and CEA). On the molecular level, the DENA-treated rats showed significant up-regulation of Cyp19 mRNA and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, iNOS, and TGF-1β) as well as the Ki-67 gene expression (p < 0.05) with down-regulation of the PPAR-γ and FOXO-1. In addition, the HCC group showed a loss of hepatic architecture, as well as atypia, swelling, macrosteatosis of hepatocytes, and fibrosis, besides increased vascularization. The immunohistochemical findings show increased expression of both GPC-3 and Hep Par 1 in the HCC group. SOR, NSP, or a combination of NSP and SOR.NSP treatment significantly overturned the DENA's harmful effect near the normal levels and restored all cancer biomarkers and antioxidant activities, indicating the chemotherapeutic impact of NSP. The present study provides evidence that NSP exerts a major anticancer effect on DENA-induced HCC. SOR/NSP is a promising combination for tumor suppression and overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC by modulating antioxidants, anti-inflammatory signals, and tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba I Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Isolated and Combined MCM3 and Glypican-3 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Novel Immunosubtyping Prognostic Model. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:694-702. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Rai SPV, Kumar VK, Basavaiah SH, Sreeram S, Gopal S, Tantry BV. Efficacy and Validity of Image-Guided Percutaneous Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Biopsy of Liver Pathologies: Saga of Focal Hepatic Lesions from the Nodule to the Needle to the Slide. J Cytol 2021; 38:21-30. [PMID: 33935388 PMCID: PMC8078618 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_70_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Radiology and pathology are pivotal tools in the investigational artillery for management of wide spectrum of hepatic lesions and early detection is of a paramount importance. Aims: The study aimed at analyzing the efficacy, comparative yield and validity of image-guided aspiration cytology (FNA)/core biopsy (CB) in focal hepatic lesions. Settings and Design: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted in departments of Pathology and Radiology and Imaging of a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: Cases of focal hepatic lesions that underwent percutaneous image guided-FNA reported (2011-2018) were analyzed. Cytological-histopathological correlation was performed where available. FNA diagnoses were divided into four categories-positive for malignancy (group 1), atypical (group 2), negative for malignancy (group 3), and non-diagnostic (group 4). Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical data was depicted in the form of frequencies and proportions. Validity of percutaneous image-guided FNA diagnosis was collated with the final diagnosis and results were analyzed. Results: A total of 338 FNA of focal hepatic lesions were reported in which 217 (68.2%) cases in group 1; 21 (6.2%) in group 2; 58 (17.2%) in group 3 and 42 (12.4%) in group 4. CB correlation was available in 123 cases. Based on clinical, radiological and pathological findings, conclusive final diagnoses were obtained and the cases were regrouped [malignant cases-245, benign lesions-57 and uncertain lesions-36]. Metastasis was the most common malignancy (175/245; 71.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of FNA to categorize the lesion as benign or malignant were 96.94%, 100% and 97.51%, respectively. However, the cytology-histopathology correlation revealed discordance of subtyping the lesion in 20% of cases and sensitivity and specificity reduced to 80% and 50% respectively in rendering the specific diagnosis. Conclusions: Percutaneous image-guided FNA is a sensitive and specific tool with high diagnostic accuracy in evaluating focal hepatic lesions. The study highlights the pre-eminence of interventional radiology and cytology in the care of patients with liver lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phajir Vishwanath Rai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Km Kumar
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sridevi Hanaganahalli Basavaiah
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswathy Sreeram
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bailuru Vishwanath Tantry
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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4
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Zong J, Fan Z, Zhang Y. Serum Tumor Markers for Early Diagnosis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:413-422. [PMID: 33376710 PMCID: PMC7755348 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s272762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring pernicious tumors in the world. It is typically very insidious in the early stages with no obvious symptoms. Its development and metastasis are very rapid. Upon diagnosis, most patients have already reached a local advanced stage or have established distant metastases. The treatment of HCC is limited, with poor prognosis and short natural survival time. In order to improve the efficiency of early diagnosis, it is particularly significant to choose economic and effective diagnosis methods. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography are usually used in the clinic, but these methods are extremely limited in the diagnosis of HCC. Tumor markers have become the main effective early clinical diagnosis method. Potential serum tumor markers include alpha fetoprotein heterogeneity, Golgi protein 73, phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan (GPC-3), osteopontin, abnormal prothrombin, and heat shock protein. These tumor markers provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis of HCC. A combination of multiple markers can make up for the deficiency of single marker detection and provide a new strategy for the prognosis and auxiliary diagnosis of HCC. This review introduces protein tumor markers utilized over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Gao YX, Yang TW, Yin JM, Yang PX, Kou BX, Chai MY, Liu XN, Chen DX. Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:54-66. [PMID: 32236573 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are important in the early screening, diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, recurrence and prognosis prediction of tumors. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors; it has high incidence and mortality rates and seriously endangers human health. The main pathological types of primary liver cancer include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined HCC‑cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‑CC). In the present review, a systematic outline of the current biomarkers of primary liver cancer is presented, from conventional blood biomarkers, histochemical biomarkers and potential biomarkers to resistance‑associated biomarkers. The important relationships are deeply elucidated between biomarkers and diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features and resistance, as well as their clinical significance, in patients with the three main types of primary liver cancer. Moreover, a summary of several important biomarker signaling pathways is provided, which is helpful for studying the biological mechanism of liver cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide help for clinical or medical researchers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Wang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Yin
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Xin Kou
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yin Chai
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - De-Xi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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6
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Cai S, Bi Z, Bai Y, Zhang H, Zhai D, Xiao C, Tang Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Li K, Yang R, Liu Y, Chen S, Sun T, Liu H, Yang C. Glycyrrhizic Acid-Induced Differentiation Repressed Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1431. [PMID: 31998631 PMCID: PMC6962306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers with poor prognosis and high incidence. Cancer stem cells play a vital role in tumor initiation and malignancy. The degree of differentiation of HCC is closely related to its stemness. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) plays a critical role in inhibiting the degree of malignancy of HCC. At present, the effect of GA on the differentiation and stemness of HCC has not been reported, and its pharmacological mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study evaluated the effect of GA on the stemness of HCC and investigated its targets through proteomics and chemical biology. Results showed that GA can repress stemness and induce differentiation in HCC in vitro. GEO analysis revealed that cell differentiation and stem cell pluripotency were up-regulated and down-regulated after GA administration, respectively. Virtual screening was used to predict the c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) as a direct target of GA. Moreover, chemical biology was used to verify the interaction of JNK1 and GA. Experimental data further indicated that JNK1 inhibits stemness and induces differentiation of HCC. GA exerts its function by targeting JNK1. Clinical data analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas also revealed that JNK1 can aggravate the degree of malignancy of HCC. The results indicated that, by targeting JNK1, GA can inhibit tumor growth through inducing differentiation and repressing stemness. Furthermore, GA enhanced the anti-tumor effects of sorafenib in HCC treatment. These results broadened our insight into the pharmacological mechanism of GA and the importance of JNK1 as a therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Denghui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanhao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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7
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Fine-needle aspiration of the liver: a 10-year single institution retrospective review. Hum Pathol 2019; 92:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Imai M, Ishikawa T, Okoshi M, Tomiyoshi K, Kojima Y, Horigome R, Nozawa Y, Sano T, Iwanaga A, Honma T, Nemoto T, Takeda K, Nishikura K, Ishihara N, Yoshida T. Hemorrhagic Gastric Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Successfully Treated Using Coil Embolization of the Left Gastric Artery. Intern Med 2019; 58:2179-2183. [PMID: 30996163 PMCID: PMC6709331 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2172-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old man initially underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One year after the initial treatment, he developed anemia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed irregularly elevated tumors in the lower anterior gastric body, which were diagnosed to be metastasis from HCC. Left gastric artery coil embolization was performed to prevent sustained bleeding, and his anemia partially improved. In addition to direct invasion, hematogenous metastasis to the stomach from HCC is possible and therefore should be considered during treatment. Transcatheter arterial embolization for gastric metastasis is an effective treatment method which achieves a good degree of hemostasis in patients without any surgical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Marina Okoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Kei Tomiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryoko Horigome
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoe Sano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Akito Iwanaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Terasu Honma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeo Nemoto
- Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Keiko Takeda
- Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Ken Nishikura
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishihara
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Japan
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9
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Chen D, Li Z, Song Q, Qian L, Xie B, Zhu J. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in extrahepatic metastases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13356. [PMID: 30557986 PMCID: PMC6320094 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may cause a diagnostic problem. All 195 cases of histologic and immunostained sections were reviewed retrospectively in one center. The expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1), hepatocyte paraffin-1 (HepPar-1), glypican-3 (GPC-3), and α-Fetoprotein (AFP) was evaluated. Eighty cases of metastatic tumors of the liver were also collected to verify their effectiveness. Totally 151 cases had previous history of HCC, in whom 49 had history of liver transplantation. Forty-four cases were diagnosed as metastatic HCC at initial presentation. The most common extrahepatic metastatic sites were bone (57%), followed by lung, lymph node, etc. Around 19 cases were positive for 1 marker, 22 were positive for 2 markers, 95 were positive for 3 markers, and 59 were positive for 4 markers. With the number of antibody increased in the panel, the negative cases decreased. The sensitivity of ARG, GPC-3, HepPar-1, and AFP was 82.6%, 89.2%, 83.6% and 53.8%, and the specificity was 98.3%, 94.8%, 96.2% and 100%, respectively. These data suggest that the panel of ARG-1, GPC-3, HepPar-1 and AFP has a high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate HCC from non-HCC. This study indicated that HCC should be considered when diagnosing metastasis of unclear origin. It is recommended to use the panel of ARG-1, GPC-3, HepPar-1 and AFP to differentiate HCC from non-HCC in extrahepatic metastasis, because of their sensitivity and specificity, especially in poorly differentiated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Qiujing Song
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Lihua Qian
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Batubaiyin Xie
- Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
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10
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Mupamombe C, Veluvolu R, Ahmad A, Preet M, Taiwo E. Advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma presenting without radiographic liver lesions. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:975-982. [PMID: 29881547 PMCID: PMC5985989 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and an elevated AFP, the diagnosis should remain on the differential even in the absence of hepatic lesions. High index of suspicion is needed, and aggressive diagnostic approaches are needed to not miss this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mupamombe
- Department of Internal MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical Center450 Clarkson AveBrooklyn11203New York
| | - Rajesh Veluvolu
- Department of GastroenterologySUNY Downstate Medical Center450 Clarkson AveBrooklyn11203New York
| | - Arslan Ahmad
- Department of PathologySUNY Downstate Medical Center450 Clarkson AveBrooklyn11203New York
| | - Mohan Preet
- Department of OncologySUNY Downstate Medical Center450 Clarkson AveBrooklyn11203New York
| | - Evelyn Taiwo
- Department of OncologyKings County Hospital Center451 Clarkson AveBrooklyn11203New York
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11
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Lionti S, Ieni A, Cannavò S, Barresi V. Immunohistochemical expression of glypican-3 in adrenocortical carcinoma: A potential cause of diagnostic pitfalls. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 35:92-93. [PMID: 29748062 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lionti
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.
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12
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El-Saadany S, El-Demerdash T, Helmy A, Mayah WW, El-Sayed Hussein B, Hassanien M, Elmashad N, Fouad MA, Basha EA. Diagnostic Value of Glypican-3 for Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:811-817. [PMID: 29582639 PMCID: PMC5980860 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and dangerous malignancy in many parts of the world, and especially in Egypt. Early diagnosis is the most important step in successful HCC management. However most cases are detected at late stage making effective intervention impossible. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Glypican-3 (GPC-3) to aid in diagnosis of HCC, especially in patients with low serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Subjects and methods: Serum GPC-3 was assessed by flow-cytometry and serum AFP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 HCC patients with AFP< 400ug\l. (GI), 40 HCC patients with AFP> 400ug\l. (GII) and 20 healthy controls (GIII). Results: GPC-3 was found to be significantly elevated in HCC as compared to healthy subjects (GI 38.2±22. 5, GII 50.2±22.6, and GIII 2.24±1.19), with sensitivities of 85% for GI and 84% for GII and specificities of 95% for GI and 92% for GII. AFP showed respective sensitivities of 50% and 79%, and specificities of 80% and 90%, for HCC diagnosis. The combination of GPC-3 with AFP achieved the highest sensitivity (98.5%) and specificity (97.8%). Conclusion: Serum GPC-3 has a better sensitivity than AFP for the diagnosis of HCC. Combination of two markers appears warranted for greatest accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif El-Saadany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt
- Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Yao M, Wang L, Fang M, Zheng W, Dong Z, Yao D. Advances in the study of oncofetal antigen glypican-3 expression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:337-343. [PMID: 27795482 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early specific diagnosis and effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are crucial. Expression of membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-3 (GPC-3) was recently found to increase as part of the malignant transformation of hepatocytes, and this increase is especially marked in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, periportal cancerous embolus, or extra-hepatic metastasis. According to data from basic and clinical studies, the oncofetal antigen GPC-3 is a highly specific diagnostic biomarker of HCC and an indicator of its prognosis, and GPC-3 is also a promising target molecule for HCC gene therapy since it may play a crucial role in cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and it may mediate oncogenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of oncofetal antigen GPC-3 to diagnose HBV-related HCC, estimate its prognosis, and its targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University
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Giedl J, Büttner-Herold M, Wach S, Wullich B, Hartmann A, Agaimy A. Hepatocyte differentiation markers in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: hepatocyte paraffin 1 but not arginase-1 is specifically expressed in a subset of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 55:101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kandalaft PL, Gown AM. Practical Applications in Immunohistochemistry: Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Site. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 140:508-23. [PMID: 26457625 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0173-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT -Identification of the site of origin of carcinoma of unknown primary using immunohistochemistry is a frequent requirement of anatomic pathologists. Diagnostic accuracy is crucial, particularly in the current era of targeted therapies and smaller sample sizes. OBJECTIVES -To provide practical guidance and suggestions for classifying carcinoma of unknown primary using both proven and new antibodies, as well as targeting panels based on integration of morphologic and clinical features. DATA SOURCES -Literature review, the authors' practice experience, and authors' research. CONCLUSIONS -With well-performed and interpreted immunohistochemistry panels, anatomic pathologists can successfully identify the site of origin of carcinoma of unknown primary. It is crucial to understand not only the diagnostic uses of the many available antibodies but also the potential limits and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Kandalaft
- Department of Immunohistochemistry and Anatomic Services, Pacific Pathology Partners, Seattle, Washington (Dr Kandalaft); PhenoPath Laboratories, Seattle (Dr Gown); and Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Gown)
| | - Allen M Gown
- Department of Immunohistochemistry and Anatomic Services, Pacific Pathology Partners, Seattle, Washington (Dr Kandalaft); PhenoPath Laboratories, Seattle (Dr Gown); and Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Gown)
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Geramizadeh B, Seirfar N. Diagnostic Value of Arginase-1 and Glypican-3 in Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma and Metastatic Carcinoma of Liver. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e30336. [PMID: 26300935 PMCID: PMC4539736 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon30336v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer. Pathologic distinction between Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and adenocarcinoma (Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and Metastatic Adenocarcinoma (MA)) can be challenging and sometimes requires immunohistochemical panels. Recently, Arginase-1 (ARG-1) and Glypican-3 (GPC-3) have been introduced for differentiation of these tumors. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ARG-1 and GLP-3 in differential diagnosis of liver tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks including 43 cases of documented HCCs, 19 cases of documented CC, and 27 cases of MA involving the liver (15 colon, 5 stomach, 3 pancreas, 2 gallbladder, 1 duodenum and 1 ampulla of vater) were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of ARG-1 and GPC-3. RESULTS Arginase-1 and GPC-3 demonstrated diffuse staining, as reactivity in > 97% of HCCs, whereas only one (5.3%) and 2 (10.5%) of 19 CC cases show positive staining for GPC-3 and ARG-1, respectively. The expression of both markers in MA showed 6 (22.2%) for ARG-1 and 3 (11.1%) for GPC-3, especially with colorectal origin. Our findings showed a statistically significant difference between ARG-1 and GPC-3 expression in HCC, CC and MA. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal that both ARG-1 and GPC-3 are helpful IHC markers to separate HCC from CC and MA. Furthermore, ARG-1 shows 100% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity for the diagnosis of HCC whereas GPC-3 demonstrated 97.7% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity for the diagnosis of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Bita Geramizadeh, Transplant Research Center, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-7136473238, E-mail:
| | - Nasibe Seirfar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz UNiversity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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