1
|
Jiang X, Xu Z, Jiang S, Wang H, Xiao M, Shi Y, Wang K. PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 37894409 PMCID: PMC10605254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species. They can participate in cell signal transduction by mediating the interaction of signal molecules. They are involved in many important physiological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and the maintenance of cellular structural integrity. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the PDLIMs leads to tumor formation and development. In this paper, we review and integrate the current knowledge on PDLIMs. The structure and function of the PDZ and LIM structural domains and the role of the PDLIMs in tumor development are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ohki D, Yamamichi N, Sakaguchi Y, Takahashi Y, Kageyama-Yahara N, Yamamichi M, Takeuchi C, Tsuji Y, Sakai Y, Sakurai K, Tomida S, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Transcriptome of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps is associated with MSI-high colorectal cancer and decreased expression of CDX2. Cancer Med 2022; 11:5066-5078. [PMID: 35535692 PMCID: PMC9761061 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular background of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) endoscopically resected with comprehensive gene expression analysis. Gene expression profiling was performed for 10 tumor-normal pairs of SSA/P. Cluster analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) were applied to our transcriptome analysis. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed that the gene expression profile of SSA/Ps is different from that of adjacent normal epithelial cells, even in the very early stage of tumorigenesis. According to the CMS classification, our microarray data indicated that SSA/Ps were classified as CMS1. GSEA demonstrated a strong association between SSA/P and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRC (p < 10-5 ). Transcriptome analysis of five MSI-related genes (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2) and five CRC-related genes (BRAF, KRAS, APC, TP53, and CDX2) showed that CDX2 expression was most severely decreased in SSA/P. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that CDX2 protein was reduced compared with the surrounding mucosa. Direct sequencing of the BRAF gene showed that the BRAF V600E mutation was detected in only nine of 36 cases. In a mouse model, BRAF, APC, or CDX2 deficiency indicated that the gene expression pattern with loss of CDX2 is more similar to our SSA/Ps compared with those induced by BRAF or APC mutation. Transcriptome analysis of SSA/Ps showed characteristic gene expression with a strong resemblance to MSI-H CRC. Downregulation of CDX2 expression is an essential molecular mechanism involved in the initial stage of SSA/P tumorigenesis. (UMIN000027365).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ohki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kageyama-Yahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
dos Santos W, dos Reis MB, Porto J, de Carvalho AC, Matsushita M, Oliveira G, Syrjänen K, Reis RM, Guimarães DP. Somatic targeted mutation profiling of colorectal cancer precursor lesions. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 35761395 PMCID: PMC9238170 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Most colorectal cancers (CRC) arise from precursor lesions. This study aimed to characterize the mutation profile of colorectal cancer precursor lesions in a Brazilian population.
Methods
In total, 90 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal precursor lesions, including 67 adenomas, 7 sessile serrated lesions, and 16 hyperplastic polyps, were analyzed by next-generation sequencing using a panel of 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The genetic ancestry of the patients was estimated.
Results
Somatic driver mutations were identified in 66.7% of cases, including alterations in APC (32.2%), TP53 (20.0%), KRAS (18.9%), BRAF (13.3%) and EGFR (7.8%). Adenomas displayed a higher number of mutations, mainly in APC, compared to serrated polyps (73.1% vs. 47.8%, p = 0.026). Advanced adenomas had a significantly higher frequency of mutation in KRAS and a high overall mutation rate than early adenomas (92.9% vs. 59%, p = 0.006). A high degree of ancestry admixture was observed in the population studied, with a predominance of European components (mean of 73%) followed by African (mean of 11.3%). No association between genetic ancestry and type of lesions was found. The mutation profile of Brazilian colorectal precursor lesions exhibits alteration in APC, KRAS, TP53, and BRAF at different frequencies according to lesion type.
Conclusions
These results bestow the knowledge of CRC's biologic history and support the potential of these biomarkers for precursor lesions detection in CRC screening of the Brazilian population.
Collapse
|
4
|
DNA Damage Response Genes in Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9365953. [PMID: 35251167 PMCID: PMC8894034 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9365953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the osteosarcoma (OS) patients' survival has long been a challenge, even though the disease's treatment is on the verge of progress. DNA damage response (DDR) has traditionally been associated with carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and genomic instability. No study has used DDR genes as a signature to identify the prognosis of OS. The goal of this work was to find an effective possible DDR gene biomarker for predicting OS prognosis, which may be useful in clinical diagnosis and therapy. METHODS To assess gene methylation, univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were performed on data from OS patients. The data were retrieved from public databases, including the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULTS The DDR gene signature was chosen, which included seven genes (NHEJ1, RMI2, SWI5, ERCC2, CLK2, POLG, and MLH1). In the TARGET dataset, patients were categorized into two groups: high-risk and low-risk. Patients with a high-risk score revealed a shorter OS rate (hazard ratio (HR): 3.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-4.34, P < 0.001) in comparison with the patients with a low-risk score in the TARGET as a training group. The validation of the prognostic signature accuracy was carried out in relapse and validation cohorts (TARGET, n = 75; GSE21257, n = 53). The signature was found to be an independent predictive factor for OS in multivariate cox regression analysis, and a nomogram model was developed to predict an individual's risk of OS. DDR gene signature involved in Fanconi anemia pathway, nonhomologous end-joining pathway, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the identified novel DDR genes could be a powerful prognostic tool for prognosis evaluation and a valuable tool in predicting the risk factors in OS patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Klomp MJ, Dalm SU, de Jong M, Feelders RA, Hofland J, Hofland LJ. Epigenetic regulation of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in neuroendocrine tumors and other types of cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:495-510. [PMID: 33085037 PMCID: PMC8346415 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are proteins with important functions in both physiological tissue and in tumors, particularly in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). NETs are frequently characterized by high SSTRs expression levels. SST analogues (SSAs) that bind and activate SSTR have anti-proliferative and anti-secretory activity, thereby reducing both the growth as well as the hormonal symptoms of NETs. Moreover, the high expression levels of SSTR type-2 (SSTR2) in NETs is a powerful target for therapy with radiolabeled SSAs. Due to the important role of both SST and SSTRs, it is of great importance to elucidate the mechanisms involved in regulating their expression in NETs, as well as in other types of tumors. The field of epigenetics recently gained interest in NET research, highlighting the importance of this process in regulating the expression of gene and protein expression. In this review we will discuss the role of the epigenetic machinery in controlling the expression of both SSTRs and the neuropeptide SST. Particular attention will be given to the epigenetic regulation of these proteins in NETs, whereas the involvement of the epigenetic machinery in other types of cancer will be discussed as well. In addition, we will discuss the possibility to target enzymes involved in the epigenetic machinery to modify the expression of the SST-system, thereby possibly improving therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Klomp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marulanda K, Brokaw D, Gambarian M, Pareta R, McQuilling JP, Opara EC, McLean SE. Controlled Delivery of Slit3 Proteins from Alginate Microbeads Inhibits In Vitro Angiogenesis. J Surg Res 2021; 264:90-98. [PMID: 33794389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Slit-Robo pathway is a key regulator of angiogenesis and cellular function in experimental models. Slit3 proteins exhibit both proangiogenic and antiangiogenic properties, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. It is theorized that Slit3 may be a potential treatment for vascular diseases and cancer. METHODS Slit3 labeled with I-125 was encapsulated in microbeads composed of low-viscosity alginate of high-glucuronic acid content, first coated with poly-L-ornithine for various durations and finally with low-viscosity high mannuronic acid. Gamma counter was used to measure microbead encapsulation efficiency and Slit3 release. Markers of angiogenesis were assessed with Boyden chamber, scratch wound, and Matrigel tube formation assays using human umbilical vein and mouse endothelial cells. RESULTS On incubation of Slit3-loaded microbeads, there was an initial burst phase release of Slit3 for the first 24 h followed by sustained release for 6 to 12 d. Microbead composition determined encapsulation efficiency and rate of release; Slit3 encapsulation was most efficient in microbeads with lower low-viscosity alginate of high-glucuronic acid content concentrations (1.5%) and no poly-L-ornithine coating. Compared with controls (media alone), Slit3 microbeads significantly inhibited in vitro cellular migration, endothelial cell migration for wound closure at 24 and 48 h and endothelial tube formation (P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Slit3 can be effectively encapsulated and delivered via a controlled release pattern using alginate microbeads. Microbead encapsulation reduces in vitro endothelial tube formation and inhibits cellular migration to impair angiogenesis. Thus, Slit3 microparticles may be explored as a therapeutic option to mitigate tumor proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Marulanda
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dylan Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maria Gambarian
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rajesh Pareta
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - John P McQuilling
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emmanuel C Opara
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean E McLean
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turinsky AL, Choufani S, Lu K, Liu D, Mashouri P, Min D, Weksberg R, Brudno M. EpigenCentral: Portal for DNA methylation data analysis and classification in rare diseases. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1722-1733. [PMID: 32623772 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes play a key role in regulating gene expression. Genetic variants that disrupt chromatin-modifying proteins are associated with a broad range of diseases, some of which have specific epigenetic patterns, such as aberrant DNA methylation (DNAm), which may be used as disease biomarkers. While much of the epigenetic research has focused on cancer, there is a paucity of resources devoted to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which include autism spectrum disorder and many rare, clinically overlapping syndromes. To address this challenge, we created EpigenCentral, a free web resource for biomedical researchers, molecular diagnostic laboratories, and clinical practitioners to perform the interactive classification and analysis of DNAm data related to NDDs. It allows users to search for known disease-associated patterns in their DNAm data, classify genetic variants as pathogenic or benign to assist in molecular diagnostics, or analyze patterns of differential methylation in their data through a simple web form. EpigenCentral is freely available at http://epigen.ccm.sickkids.ca/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Turinsky
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Lu
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Da Liu
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pouria Mashouri
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Min
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong X, Zheng T, Zhang Z, Bai X, Li H, Zhang J. [Luteolin reverses OPCML methylation to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:550-555. [PMID: 32895125 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of luteolin on the proliferation and expression of OPCML in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. METHODS Cultured MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with luteolin at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L for 24 or 48 h. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis. The expressions of OPCML mRNA and protein were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. OPCML gene methylation in the promoter region was detected using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and the activity of methylase in the cells was analyzed. RESULTS MTT assay showed that treatment with luteolin at 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L for 24 h concentration-dependently decreased the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry also showed that luteolin at different concentrations could induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.05). Luteolin dose-dependently induced the expression of OPCML mRNA and protein in MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.05), down-regulated the methylation status in the promoter region of OPCML gene, up-regulated the level of non-methylated OPCML, and reduced the activity of methylase in the cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Luteolin inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells probably by upregulating OPCML expression and its demethylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Dong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Ti Zheng
- Medical Departmentn, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacology of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xiling Bai
- Department of Interventional Riadiology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maekawa H, Ito T, Orita H, Kushida T, Sakurada M, Sato K, Hulbert A, Brock MV. Analysis of the methylation of CpG islands in the CDO1, TAC1 and CHFR genes in pancreatic ductal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2197-2204. [PMID: 32194717 PMCID: PMC7039134 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
No difference in the gene methylation status of tumor-suppression genes between pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancer tissues is observed. The present study investigated whether the promoter CpG islands of the cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1) and checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (CHFR) genes were methylated in pancreatic cancer and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissue in order to determine if they could be considered as markers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. A total of 38 Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and their adjacent non-cancerous specimens from patients with pancreatic cancer, as well as 9 non-cancerous pancreatic samples from patients without pancreatic adenocarcinoma were obtained following surgical resection. The hypermethylation of CpG islands was detected using a methylation-specific quantitative PCR. The methylation values were calculated using the ∆Cq method and were expressed as 2−ΔCq. The 2−ΔCq value of the CDO1 promoter from pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens was significantly higher compared with that of adjacent non-cancerous and tumor-free pancreatic tissues (P<0.0001 and P=0.0008, respectively). The 2−ΔCq value of the TAC1 promoter of pancreatic adenocarcinoma was also significantly higher compared with that of adjacent non-cancerous tissues and tumor-free pancreatic samples (both P<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the 2−ΔCq value of the CHFR promoter among the pancreatic cancer, adjacent non-cancer tissue and tumor-free pancreatic samples. Furthermore, 12 out of the 38 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases (31.6%) presented some methylation in the CHFR promoter. The results from Kaplan-Meier analysis between CHFR promoter methylation values and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrated that CHFR promoter methylation was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. The methylation values of CDO1 and TAC1 promoters in cancer tissues were higher compared with adjacent tissues. However, whether hypermethylation of CDO1 and TAC1 promoters may serve as a biomarker in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan.,Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kushida
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sakurada
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu C, Fennell LJ, Bettington ML, Walker NI, Dwine J, Leggett BA, Whitehall VLJ. DNA methylation changes that precede onset of dysplasia in advanced sessile serrated adenomas. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:90. [PMID: 31200767 PMCID: PMC6570920 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) are common polyps which give rise to 20–30% of colorectal cancer (CRC). SSAs display clinicopathologic features which present challenges in surveillance, including overrepresentation in young patients, proclivity for the proximal colon and rarity of histologic dysplasia (referred to then as SSAs with dysplasia, SSADs). Once dysplasia develops, there is rapid progression to CRC, even at a small size. There is therefore a clinical need to separate the “advanced” SSAs at high risk of progression to SSAD and cancer from ordinary SSAs. Since SSAs are known to accumulate methylation over time prior to the development of dysplasia, SSAD backgrounds (the remnant SSA present within an SSAD) likely harbour additional methylation events compared with ordinary SSAs. We therefore performed MethyLight and comprehensive methylation array (Illumina MethylationEPIC) on 40 SSAD backgrounds and 40 matched ordinary SSAs, and compared the methylation results with CRC methylation, CRC expression and immunohistochemical data. Results SSAD backgrounds demonstrated significant hypermethylation of CpG islands compared with ordinary SSAs, and the proportion of hypermethylated probes decreased progressively in the shore, shelf and open sea regions. Hypomethylation occurred in concert with hypermethylation, which showed a reverse pattern, increasing progressively away from the island regions. These methylation changes were also identified in BRAF-mutant hypermethylated CRCs. When compared with CRC expression data, SV2B, MLH1/EPM2AIP1, C16orf62, RCOR3, BAIAP3, OGDHL, HDHD3 and ATP1B2 demonstrated both promoter hypermethylation and decreased expression. Although SSAD backgrounds were histologically indistinguishable from ordinary SSAs, MLH1 methylation was detectable via MethyLight in 62.9% of SSAD backgrounds, and focal immunohistochemical MLH1 loss was seen in 52.5% of SSAD backgrounds. Conclusions Significant hyper- and hypomethylation events occur during SSA progression well before the development of histologically identifiable changes. Methylation is a heterogeneous process within individual SSAs, as typified by MLH1, where both MLH1 methylation and focal immunohistochemical MLH1 loss can be seen in the absence of dysplasia. This heterogeneity is likely a generalised phenomenon and should be taken into account in future methylation-based studies and the development of clinical methylation panels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0691-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- The Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lochlan J Fennell
- The Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark L Bettington
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neal I Walker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel Dwine
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- The Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- The Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galamb O, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Ribli D, Krenács T, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Barták BK, Tóth K, Valcz G, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Aberrant DNA methylation of WNT pathway genes in the development and progression of CIMP-negative colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:588-602. [PMID: 27245242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, which involves a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes. We aimed to analyze DNA methylation affecting the WNT pathway genes in colorectal carcinogenesis in promoter and gene body regions using whole methylome analysis in 9 colorectal cancer, 15 adenoma, and 6 normal tumor adjacent tissue (NAT) samples by methyl capture sequencing. Functional methylation was confirmed on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated colorectal cancer cell line datasets. In parallel with the DNA methylation analysis, mutations of WNT pathway genes (APC, β-catenin/CTNNB1) were analyzed by 454 sequencing on GS Junior platform. Most differentially methylated CpG sites were localized in gene body regions (95% of WNT pathway genes). In the promoter regions, 33 of the 160 analyzed WNT pathway genes were differentially methylated in colorectal cancer vs. normal, including hypermethylated AXIN2, CHP1, PRICKLE1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and hypomethylated CACYBP, CTNNB1, MYC; 44 genes in adenoma vs. NAT; and 41 genes in colorectal cancer vs. adenoma comparisons. Hypermethylation of AXIN2, DKK1, VANGL1, and WNT5A gene promoters was higher, while those of SOX17, PRICKLE1, DAAM2, and MYC was lower in colon carcinoma compared to adenoma. Inverse correlation between expression and methylation was confirmed in 23 genes, including APC, CHP1, PRICKLE1, PSEN1, and SFRP1. Differential methylation affected both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway genes in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation appears already in adenomas as an early event of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dezső Ribli
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- d 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,e Tumor Progression Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.,b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|