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Mahdavi Niyaki Z, Salehzadeh A, Peymani M, Zaefizadeh M. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Fe 3O 4@Glu-Oleuropein Nanoparticles in Targeting KRAS Pathway-Regulating lncRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3073-3085. [PMID: 37792268 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide, has witnessed significant advancements in treatment through targeted therapies. Among the proto-oncogenes prevalent in human cancers, KRAS stands out, and recent research has focused on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulators of miRNAs targeting the KRAS oncogene. This study specifically explores lncRNAs involved in the KRAS pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). To investigate this, researchers employed iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with Oleuropein (Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein NPs) to evaluate their impact on candidate lncRNAs associated with KRAS pathway deregulation. The study utilized TCGA data to identify genes affected by KRAS mutation and lncRNAs linked to KRAS in CRC. Enrichr and MsigDB databases helped identify relevant pathways. Genes with a correlation coefficient above 0.5 and a P-value less than 0.01 with candidate lncRNAs were selected. MTT and flow cytometry assays determined the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein NPs on CRC cells (SW480) and normal cells (HEK293). The findings showed that increased expression of FEZF1-AS1, GAS6-AS1, and LINC00920 correlated with mutated KRAS, and co-expressed genes were significantly involved in hypoxia, KRAS signaling, DNA repair, and IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathways. Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein NPs exhibited higher toxicity toward cancer cells, with IC50 values of 92 μg/ml for SW480 and 281 μg/ml for HEK293. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a substantial increase in necrotic and apoptotic cells when treated with Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein, along with down-regulation of GAS6-AS1, LINC00920, and FEZF1-AS1 lncRNAs in treated cells. In conclusion, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of Fe3O4@Glu-Oleuropein on colon cancer cells in vitro. The identification of lncRNAs involved in the KRAS pathway provides insights into the underlying mechanisms and offers avenues for further research in targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zaefizadeh
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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Nsairat H, Jaber AM, Faddah H, Ahmad S. Oleuropein impact on colorectal cancer. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO. [PMID: 38817366 PMCID: PMC11137855 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the third most common cancer in the world. In Mediterranean region, olives and olive oil play a substantial role in diet and medical traditional behaviors. They totally believe that high consumption of olive products can treat a wide range of diseases and decrease risk of illness. Oleuropein is the main active antioxidant molecule found in pre-mature olive fruit and leaves. Recently, it has been demonstrated that oleuropein is used in cancer therapy as an anti-proliferative and apoptotic agent for some cancer cells. In this review, we would like to explore the conclusive effects of oleuropein on CRC with respect to in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Areej M Jaber
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Haya Faddah
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Somaya Ahmad
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
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Liang Y, Ban Y, Liu L, Li Y. Inhibitory Effects of the Polyphenols from the Root of Rhizophora apiculata Blume on Fatty Acid Synthase Activity and Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1180. [PMID: 38474695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine mangrove vegetation has been traditionally employed in folk medicine to address various ailments. Notably, Rhizophora apiculata Blume has exhibited noteworthy properties, demonstrating efficacy against cancer, viruses, and bacteria. The enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) plays a pivotal role in de novo fatty acid synthesis, making it a promising target for combating colon cancer. Our study focused on evaluating the FAS inhibitory effects of both the crude extract and three isolated compounds from R. apiculata. The n-butanol fraction of R. apiculata extract (BFR) demonstrated a significant inhibition of FAS, with an IC50 value of 93.0 µg/mL. For inhibition via lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-rhamnopyranoside (LR), the corresponding IC50 value was 20.1 µg/mL (35.5 µM). LR competitively inhibited the FAS reaction with acetyl-CoA, noncompetitively with malonyl-CoA, and in a mixed manner with NADPH. Our results also suggest that both BFR and LR reversibly bind to the KR domain of FAS, hindering the reduction of saturated acyl groups in fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, BFR and LR displayed time-dependent inhibition for FAS, with kobs values of 0.0045 min-1 and 0.026 min-1, respectively. LR also exhibited time-dependent inhibition on the KR domain, with a kobs value of 0.019 min-1. In human colon cancer cells, LR demonstrated the ability to reduce viability and inhibit intracellular FAS activity. Notably, the effects of LR on human colon cancer cells could be reversed with the end product of FAS-catalyzed chemical reactions, affirming the specificity of LR on FAS. These findings underscore the potential of BFR and LR as potent FAS inhibitors, presenting novel avenues for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Ban
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
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Kato Y, Sakoh M, Nagai T, Yoshida A, Ishida H, Inoue N, Yanagita T, Nagao K. Ozonated Olive Oil Intake Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Obese db/db Mice. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:231-237. [PMID: 38311412 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance lead to metabolic syndrome and there is an urgent need to establish effective treatments and prevention methods. Our previous study reported that obese model Zucker (fa/fa) rats fed with ozonated olive oil alleviated fatty liver and liver damage by suppressing inflammatory factors. However, differences among animal species related to the safety and efficacy of ozonated olive oil administration remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral intake of ozonated olive oil on lipid metabolism in normal mice and mice in the obesity model. C57BL/6J and db/db mice were fed the following AIN-76 diets for four weeks: the mice were either fed a 0.5% olive oil diet (Control diet) or 0.5% ozonated olive oil diet (Oz-Olive diet) in addition to 6.5% corn oil. The results indicated that four weeks of Oz-Olive intake did not adversely affect growth parameters, hepatic lipids or serum parameters in normal C57BL/6J mice. Subsequent treatment of db/db mice with Oz-Olive for four weeks reduced the levels of hepatic triglycerides, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum insulin. These effects of Oz-Olive administration might be due to suppression of fatty acid synthesis activity and expression of lipogenic genes, as well as suppression of inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, this study confirmed the safety of Oz-Olive administration in normal mice and its ability to alleviate hepatic steatosis by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and inflammation in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masami Sakoh
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University
| | - Toshiharu Nagai
- Tsukishima Foods Industry Co. Ltd
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | | | | | - Nao Inoue
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University
| | | | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University
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Khalil AA, Rahman MM, Rauf A, Islam MR, Manna SJ, Khan AA, Ullah S, Akhtar MN, Aljohani ASM, Abdulmonem WA, Simal-Gandara J. Oleuropein: Chemistry, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives-An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9933-9954. [PMID: 37272499 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2218495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive family (Oleaceae) contains several species among which Olea europaea L. is mostly used for production of olive oils. Various parts of olive tree are rich source of diverse bioactive compounds such as Apigenin, elenolic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Ligstroside, Oleoside, Oleuropein, Oleuropein aglycone, Tyrosol, etc. Among these, oleuropein, a secoiridoid is predominantly found in olive leaves and young olive fruits of different species of Oleaceae family. Scientists have adopted numerous extraction methods (conventional & latest) to increase the yield of oleuropein. Among these techniques, maceration, soxhlet, microwave-assisted, ultrasonication, and supercritical fluid methods are most commonly employed for extraction of oleuropein. Evidently, this review emphasizes on various in-vitro and in-vivo studies focusing on nutraceutical properties of oleuropein. Available literature highlights the pharmaceutical potential of oleuropein against various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, microbial infections, and oxidation. This review will benefit the scientific community as it narrates comprehensive literature regarding absorption, metabolism, bioavailability, extraction techniques, and nutraceutical perspectives associated with oleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Juhara Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar Ahmed Khan
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Hong Z, Lu Y, Liu B, Ran C, Lei X, Wang M, Wu S, Yang Y, Wu H. Glycolysis, a new mechanism of oleuropein against liver tumor. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154770. [PMID: 36963367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign and malignant liver tumors are prevalent worldwide. However, there is no effective and comprehensive treatment option for many patients with malignant tumors. Thus, it is critical to prevent benign tumors from worsening, increasing the number of treatment options and effective medications against malignant liver tumors. Oleuropein is a natural and non-toxic product and inhibits tumor growth in various ways. METHODS We employed bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking to identify potential targets of oleuropein. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to determine the direct binding strength of the target and compounds. Essential functionalities of the targets were analyzed using gene interference approaches. Transcriptomic studies were performed to observe the global genomic alterations occurring inside cells. Changes in glycolytic metabolites and gene and protein expressions were also detected. The anti-tumor benefits of oleuropein in vivo were determined using a tumor-bearing mouse model. RESULTS Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) was found to be a direct target of oleuropein. GPI discontinuation in liver tumor cells altered the expression of many genes, causing glycogenolysis. GPI interference was associated with PYGM and PFKFB4 inhibitors to inhibit glycolysis in liver tumors. Oleuropein inhibited glycolysis and showed good anti-tumor activity in vivo without adverse side effects. CONCLUSIONS GPI is a crucial enzyme in glycolysis and the immediate target of oleuropein. GPI expression inside tumor cells affects different physiological functions and signal transduction. Oleuropein has depicted anti-tumor action in vivo without harmful side effects. Moreover, it can control tumor glycolysis through GPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Hong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Chongwang Ran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Mengfan Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Songtao Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China.
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; Modern Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Grossi M, Bendini A, Valli E, Gallina Toschi T. Field-Deployable Determinations of Peroxide Index and Total Phenolic Content in Olive Oil Using a Promising Portable Sensor System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115002. [PMID: 37299728 DOI: 10.3390/s23115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Useful information about the oxidative stability of a virgin olive oil in terms of oxidation products and antioxidant compounds can be obtained by analyzing the peroxide index (PI) and total phenolic content (TPC), respectively. These quality parameters are usually determined in a chemical laboratory using expensive equipment, toxic solvents, and well-trained personnel. This paper presents a novel portable sensor system for in the field and rapid determination of PI and TPC that is particularly suited in the case of small production environments that cannot afford an internal laboratory for quality control analysis. The system is small, can be powered by both USB ports and batteries, is easy to operate, and integrates a Bluetooth module for wireless data transmission. It estimates the PI and TPC in olive oil from the measurement of the optical attenuation of an emulsion between a reagent and the sample under test. The system has been tested on a set of 12 olive oil samples (eight for calibration and four for validation), and the results have shown how the considered parameters can be estimated with good accuracy. The maximum deviation from the results obtained with the reference analytical techniques is 4.7 meq O2/kg in the case of PI and 45.3 ppm in the case of TPC for the calibration set, while it is 14.8 meq O2/kg in the case of PI and 55 ppm in the case of TPC for the validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grossi
- Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi" (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Enrico Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Scicchitano S, Vecchio E, Battaglia AM, Oliverio M, Nardi M, Procopio A, Costanzo F, Biamonte F, Faniello MC. The Double-Edged Sword of Oleuropein in Ovarian Cancer Cells: From Antioxidant Functions to Cytotoxic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010842. [PMID: 36614279 PMCID: PMC9821453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein plays a key role as a pro-oxidant as well as an antioxidant in cancer. In this study, the activity of oleuropein, in an in vitro model of ovarian (OCCs) and breast cancer cells (BCCs) was investigated. Cell viability and cell death were analyzed. Oxidative stress was measured by CM-H2DCFDA flow cytometry assay. Mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated based on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GPX4 protein levels. Further, the effects on iron metabolism were analyzed by measuring the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP). We confirmed that high doses of oleuropein show anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity on HEY and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, our results indicate that low doses of oleuropein impair cell viability without affecting the mortality of cells, and also decrease the LIP and ROS levels, keeping them unchanged in MCF-7 cells. For the first time, our data show that low doses of oleuropein reduce erastin-mediated cell death. Interestingly, oleuropein decreases the levels of intracellular ROS and LIP in OCCs treated with erastin. Noteworthily, we observed an increased amount of ROS scavenging enzyme GPX4 together with a consistent reduction in mitochondrial ROS, confirming a reduction in oxidative stress in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Przybylska D, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T. A Review on Bioactive Iridoids in Edible Fruits – from Garden to Food and Pharmaceutical Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2117375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A. Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - T. Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Abdullah M, Mourad MI, Fathy M, El-Sissi A. In Vitro Study of the Potential Role of Olive Oil Oleuropein in Modulating the 5-FU Cytotoxic Efficacy against the Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug used to inhibit the proliferation of many different tumor cells. Since severe side effects are associated with this drug, its combination with different natural compounds would allow the use of a significantly lower dose of 5-FU. Oleuropein (OLEU), has been shown to have inhibitory effects on various types of cancers. AIM: The main objective of the current study was to assess the cytotoxic effect of OLEU and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU on Human Tongue Carcinoma Cancer Cell Line (HNO-97) and Human Normal Oral Epithelial Cell Line (OEC) either independently or combinatory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cell viability, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Flowcytometry for cell cycle analysis was performed. Also, in vitro scratch assay was done to assess the inhibitory effects of OLEU on the migration of cells.RESULTS: MTT assay study demonstrated that OLEU and 5-FU alone or in combinations have produced a significant inhibitory effect on both normal and cancer cell lines with a favorable impact for OLEU on cancer cell lines rather than the normal one. A significant increase in the cell inhibitory % was reported between the single and the combinations treated groups as compared to the non-treated control group. Cell cycle analysis via flowcytometry showed that OLEU had induced cell cycle arrest at G0/1 phase, decreased S phase and G2/M phase either independently or in combination for 24h and 48h when compared with a non-treated control group. A Scratch assay test showed that OLEU could induce delayed wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that OLEU can exert an anti-cancer effect on HNO-97 and may have the potential for potentiation of 5-FU cytotoxic effects and reduction of its adverse effects. In addition, OLEU could inhibit cancer progression and expansion from the initial tumor.
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11
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The Cross-Talk between Polyphenols and the Target Enzymes Related to Oxidative Stress-Induced Thyroid Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2724324. [PMID: 35571253 PMCID: PMC9098327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2724324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The most serious hallmark step of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress, which induces cell DNA damage. Although in normal conditions ROS are important second messengers, in pathological conditions such as cancer, due to imbalanced redox enzyme expression, oxidative stress can occur. Recent studies with firmly established evidence suggest an interdependence between oxidative stress and thyroid cancer based on thyroid hormone synthesis. Indeed, a reduced antioxidant defense system might play a part in several steps of progression in thyroid cancer. Based on studies that have been conducted previously, future drug designs for targeting enzymatic ROS sources, as a single agent or in combination, have to be tested. Polyphenols represent the potential for modulating biological events in thyroid cancer, including antioxidative activity. Targeting enzymatic ROS sources, without affecting the physiological redox state, might be an important purpose. As regards the underlying chemopreventive mechanisms of natural compounds that have been discussed in other cancer models, the confirmation of the influence of polyphenols on thyroid cancer is inconclusive and rarely available. Therefore, there is a need for further scientific investigations into the features of the antioxidative effects of polyphenols on thyroid cancer. The current review illustrates the association between some polyphenols and the key enzymes that take place in oxidation reactions in developing thyroid cancer cells. This review gives the main points of the enzymatic ROS sources act and redox signaling in normal physiological or pathological contexts and supplies a survey of the currently available modulators of TPO, LOX, NOX, DUOX, Nrf2, and LPO derived from polyphenols.
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12
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Vago R, Fiorio F, Trevisani F, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Bettiga A. The Mediterranean Diet as a Source of Bioactive Molecules with Cannabinomimetic Activity in Prevention and Therapy Strategy. Nutrients 2022; 14:468. [PMID: 35276827 PMCID: PMC8839035 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a complex lipid signaling network that has evolved to be a key regulator of pro-homeostatic pathways for the organism. Its involvement in numerous processes has rendered it a very suitable target for pharmacological studies regarding metabolic syndrome, obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases. Cannabinomimetic molecules have been found in a large variety of foods, most of which are normally present in the Mediterranean diet. The majority of these compounds belong to the terpene and polyphenol classes. While it is known that they do not necessarily act directly on the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, their ability to regulate their expression levels has already been shown in some disease-related models, as well as their ability to modulate the activity of other components of the system. In this review, evidence was gathered to support the idea that phytocannabinoid dietary intake may indeed be a viable strategy for disease prevention and may be helpful in maintaining the health status. In an era where personalized nutrition is becoming more and more a reality, having new therapeutic targets could become an important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vago
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Trevisani
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (F.T.); (A.S.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
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13
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Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Caligiuri I, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto N, Crea R, Calabrese EJ, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of vitagenes via plant polyphenols and vitamin D: Novel insights for chemoprevention and therapeutic interventions based on organoid technology. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111551. [PMID: 34358533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are chemopreventive through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated proteins and anti-inflammatory pathways. These pathways, encoding cytoprotective vitagenes, include heat shock proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as glutathione redox system to protect against cancer initiation and progression. Phytochemicals exhibit biphasic dose responses on cancer cells, activating at low dose, signaling pathways resulting in upregulation of vitagenes, as in the case of the Nrf2 pathway upregulated by hydroxytyrosol (HT) or curcumin and NAD/NADH-sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol. Here, the importance of vitagenes in redox stress response and autophagy mechanisms, as well as the potential use of dietary antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of multiple types of cancer are discussed. We also discuss the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2, inflammation and cancer, exploiting innovative therapeutic approaches with HT-rich aqueous olive pulp extract (Hidrox®), a natural polyphenolic formulation, as well as the rationale of Vitamin D supplementation. Finally, we describe innovative approaches with organoids technology to study human carcinogenesis in preclinical models from basic cancer research to clinical practice, suggesting patient-derived organoids as an innovative tool to test drug toxicity and drive personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nello Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Suite C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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14
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Potential of olive oil and its phenolic compounds as therapeutic intervention against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1257-1273. [PMID: 34338174 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of death across the world and incidence rate of CRC increasing alarmingly each passing year. Diet, genomic anomalies, inflammation and deregulated signalling pathways are among the major causes of CRC. Because of numerous side effects of CRC therapies available now, researchers all over the world looking for alternative treatment/preventive strategy with lesser/no side effects. Olive oil which is part of Mediterranean diet contains numerous phenolic compounds that fight against free radicals and inflammation and also well-known for protective role against CRC. The current review focused on the recent evidences where olive oil and its phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and oleocanthal showed activities against CRC as well to analyse the cellular and molecular signalling mechanism through which these compounds act on. These compounds shown to combat CRC by reducing proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis through regulation of numerous signalling pathways including MAPK pathway, PI3K-Akt pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and at the same time, induce apoptosis in different CRC model. However, further research is an absolute necessity to establish these compounds as nutritional supplements and develop therapeutic strategy in CRC.
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15
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Khan A, Siddiqui S, Husain SA, Mazurek S, Iqbal MA. Phytocompounds Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: An Assessment of Role, Mechanisms, Pathways, and Therapeutic Relevance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6897-6928. [PMID: 34133161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer is remarkably different from that of normal cells and confers a variety of benefits, including the promotion of other cancer hallmarks. As the rewired metabolism is a near-universal property of cancer cells, efforts are underway to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic benefits. In the continued search for safer and effective ways of cancer treatment, structurally diverse plant-based compounds have gained substantial attention. Here, we present an extensive assessment of the role of phytocompounds in modulating cancer metabolism and attempt to make a case for the use of plant-based compounds in targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer. We discuss the pharmacological interactions of phytocompounds with major metabolic pathways and evaluate the role of phytocompounds in the regulation of growth signaling and transcriptional programs involved in the metabolic transformation of cancer. Lastly, we examine the potential of these compounds in the clinical management of cancer along with limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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16
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Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101268. [PMID: 33556548 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity is a major challenge for health policymakers due to its far-reaching effects on population health and potentially overwhelming financial burden on healthcare systems. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Interestingly, the metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity is similar to that observed in normal aging, and substantial evidence suggests the potential of obesity to accelerate aging. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of fat tissue dysfunction in obesity could provide insights into the processes that contribute to the metabolic dysfunction associated with the aging process. Here, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying both obesity and aging, and how obesity and aging can predispose individuals to chronic health complications. The potential of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to counter obesity and obesity-related pathologies, as well as aging, is also addressed.
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17
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Emma MR, Augello G, Di Stefano V, Azzolina A, Giannitrapani L, Montalto G, Cervello M, Cusimano A. Potential Uses of Olive Oil Secoiridoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031234. [PMID: 33513799 PMCID: PMC7865905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a combination of foods mainly rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients that have been shown to have many health-enhancing effects. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is an important component of the MD. The importance of EVOO can be attributed to phenolic compounds, represented by phenolic alcohols, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, and to secoiridoids, which include oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein, and ligstroside (along with the aglycone and glycosidic derivatives of the latter two). Each secoiridoid has been studied and characterized, and their effects on human health have been documented by several studies. Secoiridoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties and, therefore, exhibit anti-cancer activity. This review summarizes the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological properties, molecular targets, and action mechanisms of secoiridoids, focusing attention on their preventive and anti-cancer activities. It provides a critical analysis of preclinical, in vitro and in vivo, studies of these natural bioactive compounds used as agents against various human cancers. The prospects for their possible use in human cancer prevention and treatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.C.); Tel.: +39-091-680-9534/511/555 (M.C.); +39-091-680-9589 (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.C.); Tel.: +39-091-680-9534/511/555 (M.C.); +39-091-680-9589 (A.C.)
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18
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Serra F, Spatafora F, Toni S, Farinetti A, Gelmini R, Mattioli AV. Polyphenols, Olive oil and Colonrectal cancer: the effect of Mediterranean Diet in the prevention. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021307. [PMID: 35075094 PMCID: PMC8823582 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i6.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientific research has shown that the incidence of various diseases, including some cancers, is relatively low in the Mediterranean Countries compared to that of other European countries or North America. This support the hypothesis that the Mediterranean diet, rich in bioactive food components, including methyl group donors, polyphenols, and fatty acids has efficacy in terms of prevention. Few studies evaluated the efficacy of Med Diet on colon cancer however they all support the beneficial effects of this Diet in preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy), equally contributed
| | - Francesco Spatafora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy), equally contributed
| | - Silvia Toni
- Department of NeuroSciences (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy)
| | - Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy)
| | - Roberta Gelmini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy)
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19
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Gene Expression Alterations Associated with Oleuropein-Induced Antiproliferative Effects and S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123755. [PMID: 33297339 PMCID: PMC7762327 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing the risk of several chronic diseases, including cancer. A critical component of the Mediterranean diet is olive oil, and the relationship between olive oil consumption and the reduced risk of cancer has been established. Oleuropein (OL) is the most prominent polyphenol component of olive fruits and leaves. This compound has been shown to have potent properties in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of OL was examined in two racially different triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines-African American (AA, MDA-MB-468) and Caucasian American (CA, MDA-MB-231). The data obtained showed that OL effectively inhibits cell growth in both cell lines, concomitant with S-phase cell cycle arrest-mediated apoptosis. The results also showed that OL-treated MDA-MB-468 cells were two-fold more sensitive to OL antiproliferative effect than MDA-MB-231 cells were. At lower concentrations, OL modified the expression of many apoptosis-involved genes. OL was more effective in MDA-MB-468, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, in terms of the number and the fold-change of the altered genes. In MDA-MB-468 cells, OL induced a noticeable transcription activation in fourteen genes, including two members of the caspase family: caspase 1 (CASP1) and caspase 14 (CASP14); two members of the TNF receptor superfamily: Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) and TNF receptor superfamily 21 (TNFRSF21); six other proapoptotic genes: growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A), cytochrome c somatic (CYCS), BCL-2 interacting protein 2 (BNIP2), BCL-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10); and the CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) gene. Moreover, in MDA-MB-468 cells, OL induced a significant upregulation in two antiapoptotic genes: bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) and B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) and a baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3). On the contrary, in MDA-MB-231 cells, OL showed mixed impacts on gene expression. OL significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of four genes: BIRC3, receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), TNF receptor superfamily 10A (TNFRSF10A), and caspase 4 (CASP4). Additionally, another four genes were repressed, including caspase 6 (CASP6), pyrin domain (PYD), and caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing (PAYCARD), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), and the most downregulated TNF receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B, 16.34-fold). In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that the two cell lines were markedly different in the anticancer effect and mechanisms of oleuropein's ability to alter apoptosis-related gene expressions. The results obtained from this study should also guide the potential utilization of oleuropein as an adjunct therapy for TNBC to increase chemotherapy effectiveness and prevent cancer progression.
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20
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Beneficial effects of olive oil and Mediterranean diet on cancer physio-pathology and incidence. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:178-195. [PMID: 33249203 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil is a characteristic component and the main source of fat of the Mediterranean diet. It is a mix of high-value health compounds, including monounsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid), simple phenols (such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol), secoiridoids (such as oleuropein, oleocanthal), flavonoids, and terpenoids (such as squalene). Olive oil consumption has been shown to improve different aspects of human health and has been associated with a lower risk of cancer. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in such effects are still poorly defined, but seem to be related to a promotion of apoptosis, modulation of epigenetic patterns, blockade of cell cycle, and angiogenesis regulation. The aim of this review is to update the current associations of cancer risk with the Mediterranean diet, olive oil consumption and its main components. In addition, the identification of key olive oil components involved in anticarcinogenic mechanisms and pathways according to experimental models is also addressed.
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21
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Quiles JL, Sánchez-González C, Vera-Ramírez L, Giampieri F, Navarro-Hortal MD, Xiao J, Llopis J, Battino M, Varela-López A. Reductive Stress, Bioactive Compounds, Redox-Active Metals, and Dormant Tumor Cell Biology to Develop Redox-Based Tools for the Treatment of Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:860-881. [PMID: 32064905 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is related to redox biology from many points of view, such as initiation and promotion, metabolism and growth, invasion and metastasis, vascularization, or through the interaction with the immune system. In addition, this extremely complex relationship depends on the redox homeostasis of each cellular compartment, which might be used to fight cancer. Recent Advances: New ways of modulating specific and little explored aspects of redox biology have been revealed, as well as new delivery methods or uses of previously known treatments against cancer. Here, we review the latest experimental evidence regarding redox biology in cancer treatment and analyze its potential impact in the development of improved and more effective antineoplastic therapies. Critical Issues: A critical issue that deserves particular attention is the understanding that both extremes of redox biology (i.e., oxidative stress [OS] and reductive stress) might be useful or harmful in relation to cancer prevention and treatment. Future Directions: Additional research is needed to understand how to selectively induce reductive or OS adequately to avoid cancer proliferation or to induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramírez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO: Centre for Genomics and Oncology (Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government), Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Dolores Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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22
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Jilani H, Cilla A, Barberá R, Hamdi M. Antiproliferative activity of green, black tea and olive leaves polyphenols subjected to biosorption and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in Caco-2 cells. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109317. [PMID: 32846525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves and tea (Camellia sinensis) are rich sources of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. Our previous studies have evidenced the potential use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a natural delivery system for these antioxidants and a means to improve their bioaccessibility in the human gut. In the present work, the antiproliferative effect of green tea (GT), black tea (BT) and olive leaves (OL) infusions and suspensions of S. cerevisiae were evaluated, for the first time, in human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) after biosorption and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The bioaccessible fractions (BF) were not overtly cytotoxic, not affecting cell viability. ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential changes (Δψm) values were reduced compared with control cells. Moreover, all the BF after biosorption induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in cell proportions in S-phase. The arrest of the cell cycle was reversible without induction of apoptosis, suggesting that the biosorbed phenolics in both infusions and suspensions act as cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Jilani
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
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23
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Tutino V, Gigante I, Scavo MP, Refolo MG, De Nunzio V, Milella RA, Caruso MG, Notarnicola M. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Enzyme Inhibition by Grape Skin Extracts Affects Membrane Fluidity in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030693. [PMID: 32143529 PMCID: PMC7146266 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenolic compounds present in grape extracts have chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Here, we studied the ability of two grape skin extracts (GSEs), Autumn Royal and Egnatia, to influence the cell motility and membrane fluidity regulated by the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) which increases with the cancer aggressiveness. Caco2 and SW480 human colon cancer cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of GSEs to evaluate cell proliferation and motility. SCD1 levels were evaluated in both treated cell lines, by membrane lipidomic analysis conducted by gas chromatography. The expression levels of SCD1 and other factors involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions were assessed by Real-time PCR, Western Blotting, and Immunofluorescence staining. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were performed to determine the phenolic composition in the GSEs, finding them more expressed in Autumn Royal than in Egnatia. Both treatments reduced the levels of SCD1, phospho-Rac1/Cdc42/Rac1/Cdc42 ratio, Cofilin, Vimentin, and phospho-Paxillin especially in Caco2 compared to SW480, showing a different behavior of the two cell lines to these natural compounds. Our findings show that GSEs block the cell migration and membrane fluidity through a new mechanism of action involving structural cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Isabella Gigante
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Refolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 70010 Turi, Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4994342
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Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020149. [PMID: 32050687 PMCID: PMC7070598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae and Pedialaceae, among others. Specifically, Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) is rich in oleuropein (OL), dimethyl-OL, and ligstroside secoiridoids, and their hydrolysis derivatives are mostly OL-aglycone, oleocanthal (OLE), oleacein (OLA), elenolate, oleoside-11-methyl ester, elenoic acid, hydroxytyrosol (HTy), and tyrosol (Ty). These compounds have proved their efficacy in the management of diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and viral and microbial infections. Particularly, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of secoiridoids from the olive tree (Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)) have been suggested as a potential application in a large number of inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated diseases. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the protective role of secoiridoids derived from the olive tree (preclinical studies and clinical trials) in diseases with an important pathogenic contribution of oxidative and peroxidative stress and damage, focusing on their plausible mechanisms of the action involved.
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Oleuropein, the Main Polyphenol of Olea europaea Leaf Extract, Has an Anti-Cancer Effect on Human BRAF Melanoma Cells and Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of Current Chemotherapies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121950. [PMID: 30544808 PMCID: PMC6316801 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (Ole), a secoiridoid glucoside present in Olea europaea leaves, gained scientific interest thanks to its several biological properties, including the anticancer one. We verified whether Ole might potentiate the cytotoxicity of conventional drugs used to treat melanoma, disclosing a potentially new therapeutic strategy. We tested the cytotoxic action of Ole alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics on A375 human melanoma cells. We found that Ole was able, at a dose of 500 µM, to stimulate apoptosis, while at a non-toxic dose of 250 µM, it affected cell proliferation and induced the downregulation of the pAKT/pS6 pathway. A dose of 250 µM Ole did not potentiate the effect of Vemurafenib (PLX4032), but it succeeded in increasing the cytotoxic effect of Dacarbazine (DTIC). The major effect was found in the association between Ole and Everolimus (RAD001), also on PLX4032-resistant BRAF melanoma cells, which possibly cooperate in the inhibition of the pAKT/pS6 pathway. Of interest, an olive leaf extract enriched in equimolar Ole was more effective and able to further improve DTIC and RAD001 efficacy on BRAF melanoma cells with respect to Ole alone. Therefore, Ole represents a natural product able to potentiate a wide array of chemotherapeutics against BRAF melanoma cells affecting the pAKT/pS6 pathway.
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Guerra AR, Duarte MF, Duarte IF. Targeting Tumor Metabolism with Plant-Derived Natural Products: Emerging Trends in Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10663-10685. [PMID: 30227704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of neoplastic metabolic reprogramming as one of cancer's hallmarks has paved the way for developing novel metabolism-targeted therapeutic approaches. The use of plant-derived natural bioactive compounds for this endeavor is especially promising, due to their diverse structures and multiple targets. Hence, over the past decade, a growing number of studies have assessed the impact of phytochemicals on tumor cell metabolism, aiming at improving current knowledge on their mechanisms of action and, at the same time, evaluating their potential as anti-cancer metabolic modulators. In this Review, we focus on three classes of plant-derived compounds with promising anti-cancer activity-phenolic compounds, isoprenoids, and alkaloids-to describe their effects on major energetic and biosynthetic pathways of human tumor cells. Such a comprehensive and integrated account of the ability of these compounds to hit different metabolic targets is expected to contribute to the rational design and critical assessment of novel anti-cancer therapies based on natural-product-mediated metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Guerra
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas , Universidade de Évora , Pólo da Mitra, 7006-554 Évora , Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
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Liu L, Ahn KS, Shanmugam MK, Wang H, Shen H, Arfuso F, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Chang Y, Sethi G, Tang FR. Oleuropein induces apoptosis via abrogating NF‐κB activation cascade in estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4504-4513. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology Medical School of Yangtze University Jingzhou China
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Seoul Korea
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Radiobiology Research Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Radiobiology Research Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Radiobiology Research Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore Singapore
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Gilani SA, Khan S, Sajid MW, Amir RM. Antitumor Perspectives of Oleuropein and Its Metabolite Hydroxytyrosol: Recent Updates. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1781-1791. [PMID: 29928786 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Olive fruit is a significant and promising source of potential bioactive compounds such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Oleuropein is the ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (HT). It is the main glycoside in olives, the degradation of which results in the formation of hydroxytyrosol in olive oil. Both plays a significant role in the reduction of coronary heart diseases and a certain type of cancers. Both olive oil phenols have an effective role counter to cell proliferation, cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. They down regulate the expression of BCL-2 and COX-2 proteins, and reduced DNA damage. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein inhibited the multiple stages in colon carcinogenesis; initiation, promotion, and metastasis. They also provide protection against various human cancers including colorectal, skin, breast, thyroid, digestive, lung, brain, blood, and cervical. This review article discusses the anticancer perspectives and mechanisms of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in cell cultures and animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Univ. Inst. of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Univ. of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Univ. Inst. of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Univ. of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Khan
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Rai Muhammad Amir
- Inst. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture Univ., Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Modulation by hydroxytyrosol of oxidative stress and antitumor activities of paclitaxel in breast cancer. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1203-1211. [PMID: 29468462 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of hydroxytyrosol and its combination with paclitaxel in breast cancer on oxidative stress status. METHODS Impact on proliferation rates of different chemotherapy administration patterns was assayed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Breast tumor-bearing rats were randomly assigned to Control, Hydroxytyrosol, Paclitaxel and Paclitaxel plus hydroxytyrosol groups, for 6 weeks. Tumor volume, cell proliferation and several systemic oxidative stress parameters were measured. Anti-proliferative activity in vitro experiments was correlated with in vivo experiments. RESULTS Combination group did significantly reduce tumor volume when compared with paclitaxel alone. Additionally, the combination improved the antioxidant status without compromising the antitumor activity of standard chemotherapy. CONCLUSION These findings reveal for the first time that hydroxytyrosol is an active partner in combined therapies with paclitaxel against breast cancer. Combination with hydroxytyrosol would also ensure a less oxidative impact of chemotherapeutic drugs that could potentially improve patient wellness.
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Lombardo L, Grasso F, Lanciano F, Loria S, Monetti E. Broad-Spectrum Health Protection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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Robles-Almazan M, Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Rodriguez-Garcia C, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol: Bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical applications. Food Res Int 2017; 105:654-667. [PMID: 29433260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many beneficial properties have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet. Over the years, researchers have attempted to learn which foods and which food components are responsible for good health. One of these components is hydroxytyrosol, an important phenolic compound present in olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol is a molecule of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities its role against cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome and for its neuroprotection, antitumour, and chemo modulation effects. The interest in this molecule has led to wide research on its biological activities, its beneficial effects in humans and how to synthetize new molecules from hydroxytyrosol. This review describes the vast range of information about hydroxytyrosol, focusing on its involvement in biological mechanisms and modulation effects on different pathologies. This review also serves to highlight the role of hydroxytyrosol as a nutraceutical and as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Robles-Almazan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Cesar Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jose L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain.
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Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
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Bernini R, Carastro I, Palmini G, Tanini A, Zonefrati R, Pinelli P, Brandi ML, Romani A. Lipophilization of Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Fractions from Olea europaea L. Byproducts and Evaluation of the in Vitro Effects on a Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6506-6512. [PMID: 28285526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A hydroxytyrosol (HTyr)-enriched fraction containing HTyr 6% w/w, derived from Olea europaea L. byproducts and obtained using an environmentally and economically sustainable technology, was lipophilized under green chemistry conditions. The effects of three fractions containing hydroxytyrosyl butanoate, octanoate, and oleate, named, respectively, lipophilic fractions 5, 6, and 7, and unreacted HTyr on the human colon cancer cell line HCT8-β8 engineered to overexpress estrogen receptor β (ERβ) were evaluated and compared to those of pure HTyr. The experimental data demonstrated that HTyr and all fractions showed an antiproliferative effect, as had been observed by the evaluation of the cellular doubling time under these different conditions (mean control, 32 ± 4 h; HTyr 1, 65 ± 9 h; fraction 5, 64 ± 11 h; fraction 6, 62 ± 14 h; fraction 7, 133 ± 30 h). As evidenced, fraction 7 containing hydroxytyrosyl oleate showed the highest activity. These results were related to the link with ER-β, which was assessed through simultaneous treatment with an inhibitor of ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia , Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Isabella Carastro
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia , Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tanini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pinelli
- Department of Statistics, Computing, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), PHYTOLAB, University of Florence , 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Department of Statistics, Computing, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), PHYTOLAB, University of Florence , 50134 Florence, Italy
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Shamshoum H, Vlavcheski F, Tsiani E. Anticancer effects of oleuropein. Biofactors 2017; 43:517-528. [PMID: 28612982 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit enhanced proliferation rate and a resistance to apoptosis. Epidemiological studies suggest that olive oil intake is associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Olive oil, olives, and olive leaves contain many polyphenols, including oleuropein. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that oleuropein inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in different cancer cell lines. In addition, anticancer effects of oleuropein have been seen in animal studies. These effects are associated with oleuropein's ability to modulate gene expression and activity of a variety of different signaling proteins that play a role in proliferation and apoptosis. This article summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the anticancer effects of oleuropein and its effects on key signaling molecules. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):517-528, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Shamshoum
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Hydroxytyrosol and Cytoprotection: A Projection for Clinical Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050930. [PMID: 28452954 PMCID: PMC5454843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) ((3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol) is a polyphenol mainly present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) but also in red wine. It has a potent antioxidant effect related to hydrogen donation, and the ability to improve radical stability. The phenolic content of olive oil varies between 100 and 600 mg/kg, due to multiple factors (place of cultivation, climate, variety of the olive and level of ripening at the time of harvest), with HT and its derivatives providing half of that content. When consumed, EVOO’s phenolic compounds are hydrolyzed in the stomach and intestine, increasing levels of free HT which is then absorbed in the small intestine, forming phase II metabolites. It has been demonstrated that HT consumption is safe even at high doses, and that is not genotoxic or mutagenic in vitro. The beneficial effects of HT have been studied in humans, as well as cellular and animal models, mostly in relation to consumption of EVOO. Many properties, besides its antioxidant capacity, have been attributed to this polyphenol. The aim of this review was to assess the main properties of HT for human health with emphasis on those related to the possible prevention and/or treatment of non-communicable diseases.
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Chen XY, Ruan HB, Long XH, Peng AF, Zhou LD, Liu JM, Zhou Y, Liu ZL. Blocking fatty acid synthase inhibits tumor progression of human osteosarcoma by regulating the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in xenograft models. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2411-2416. [PMID: 28565856 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in osteosarcoma (OS) cells and tissues and, therefore, knockdown of FASN may inhibit OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion via regulation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway in vitro. However, the tumor microenvironment has a crucial role in the determination of tumor malignant phenotype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of knockdown of FASN on OS progression and the potential molecular mechanism in nude mice with orthotopic tumor implants in vivo. Results demonstrated that the knockdown of FASN markedly suppressed the growth and metastasis of OS, at least partially, by blocking the HER2/PI3K/Akt signal pathway in mice with intratibial 143B OS xenografts. These results suggest that the FASN/HER2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for OS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bing Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hua Long
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ai Fen Peng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Long Dian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Hong-Du Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Lee KH, Lee MS, Cha EY, Sul JY, Lee JS, Kim JS, Park JB, Kim JY. Inhibitory effect of emodin on fatty acid synthase, colon cancer proliferation and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2163-2173. [PMID: 28260110 PMCID: PMC5364834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key anabolic enzyme for de novo fatty acid synthesis, which is important in the development of colon carcinoma. The high expression of FASN is considered a promising molecular target for colon cancer therapy. Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone, exhibits an anticancer effect in various types of human cancer, including colon cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Cell viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The apoptosis rate of cells was quantified via flow cytometry following Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. FASN activity was measured by monitoring oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate at a wavelength of 340 nm, and intracellular free fatty acid levels were detected using a Free Fatty Acid Quantification kit. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction were used to detect target gene and protein expression. The present study was performed to investigate whether the gene expression of FASN and its enzymatic activity are regulated by emodin in a human colon cancer cell line. Emodin markedly inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells and a higher protein level of FASN was expressed, compared with that in SW480, SNU-C2A or SNU‑C5 cells. Emodin significantly downregulated the protein expression of FASN in HCT116 cells, which was caused by protein degradation due to elevated protein ubiquitination. Emodin also inhibited intracellular FASN enzymatic activity and reduced the levels of intracellular free fatty acids. Emodin enhanced antiproliferation and apoptosis in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The combined treatment of emodin and cerulenin, a commercial FASN inhibitor, had an additive effect on these activities. Palmitate, the final product of the FASN reaction, rescued emodin‑induced viability and apoptosis. In addition, emodin altered FASN‑involved signaling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen‑activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2. These results suggested that emodin-regulated cell growth and apoptosis were mediated by inhibiting FASN and provide a molecular basis for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ha Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sun Lee
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Cha
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Sul
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Beom Park
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301‑721, Republic of Korea
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Resveratrol improves TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction in a coculture model of a Caco-2 with an endothelial cell line. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 36:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Al Shukor N, Ravallec R, Van Camp J, Raes K, Smagghe G. Flavonoids stimulate cholecystokinin peptide secretion from the enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:128-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rigacci S, Stefani M. Nutraceutical Properties of Olive Oil Polyphenols. An Itinerary from Cultured Cells through Animal Models to Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060843. [PMID: 27258251 PMCID: PMC4926377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest in the Mediterranean diet hinges on its healthy and anti-ageing properties. The composition of fatty acids, vitamins and polyphenols in olive oil, a key component of this diet, is considered a key feature of its healthy properties. Therefore, it is of significance that the Rod of Asclepius lying on a world map surrounded by olive tree branches has been chosen by the World Health Organization as a symbol of both peace and well-being. This review travels through most of the current and past research, recapitulating the biochemical and physiological correlations of the beneficial properties of olive tree (Olea europaea) polyphenols and their derivatives found in olive oil. The factors influencing the content and beneficial properties of olive oil polyphenols will also be taken into account together with their bioavailability. Finally, the data on the clinical and epidemiological relevance of olive oil and its polyphenols for longevity and against age- and lifestyle-associated pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rigacci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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Tutino V, Orlando A, Russo F, Notarnicola M. Hydroxytyrosol Inhibits Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cell Line. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:483-9. [PMID: 26189725 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line is a well characterized cell model for studying the adipocyte status and the molecular mechanisms involved in differentiation of these cells. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have the ability to synthesize and degrade endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and their differentiation into adipocytes increases the expression of cannabinoid (CB1) and PPAR-γ receptors. Clinically, the blocking stimulation of the endocannabinoid pathway has been one of the first approaches proposed to counteract the obesity and obesity-associated diseases (such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer). In this connection, here we studied in cultured 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes the effects of n-3-PUFA, α-Linolenic acid (OM-3), n-6-PUFA, Linoleic acid (OM-6), and hydroxytyrosol (HT) on the expression of CB1 receptor gene and the adipogenesis-related genes PPAR-γ, Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL). HT was able to inhibit 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by down-regulating cell proliferation and CB1 receptor gene expression. HT exhibited anti-adipogenic effects, whereas OM-3 and OM-6 exerted an inhibitory action on cell proliferation associated with an induction of the preadipocytes differentiation and CB1 receptor gene expression. Moreover, the expression of FAS and LPL genes resulted increased after treatment with both HT and OM-3 and OM-6. The present study points out that the intake of molecules such as HT, contained in extra virgin olive oil, may be considered also in view of antiobesity and antineoplastic properties by acting directly on the adipose tissue and modulating CB1 receptor gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases I.R.C.C.S. "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases I.R.C.C.S. "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases I.R.C.C.S. "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases I.R.C.C.S. "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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Moran JM, Leal-Hernandez O, Canal-Macías ML, Roncero-Martin R, Guerrero-Bonmatty R, Aliaga I, Zamorano JDP. Antiproliferative Properties of Oleuropein in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity on two human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and Saos2) of oleuropein, an olive oil compound traditionally found in the Mediterranean diet. Oleuropein exhibited obvious cytotoxic effects on human osteosarcoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Statistical analysis of IC50 by the Probit regression method suggested that oleuropein had similar toxic effects on both cell lines tested (IC50 range from 247.4–475.0 μM for MG63 cells and from 798.7–359.9 μM for Saos2 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Moran
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
| | - Olga Leal-Hernandez
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
| | - Maria L. Canal-Macías
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
| | - Raul Roncero-Martin
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Bonmatty
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aliaga
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan D. Pedrera Zamorano
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, University of Extremadura, Nursing Department, Caceres, Spain
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Vissenaekens H, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Van de Wiele T, Raes K, Van Camp J. Quercetin mitigates valinomycin-induced cellular stress via stress-induced metabolism and cell uptake. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:972-80. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Hanne Vissenaekens
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
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Zanini S, Marzotto M, Giovinazzo F, Bassi C, Bellavite P. Effects of dietary components on cancer of the digestive system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1870-85. [PMID: 24841279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.732126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and poor diet and physical inactivity are major risk factors in cancer-related deaths. Therefore, interventions to reduce levels of smoking, improve diet, and increase physical activity must become much higher priorities in the general population's health and health care systems. The consumption of fruit and vegetables exerts a preventive effect towards cancer and in recent years natural dietary agents have attracted great attention in the scientific community and among the general public. Foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, broccoli, garlic, onions, berries, soy bean, honey, tea, aloe vera, grapes, rosemary, basil, chili peppers, carrots, pomegranate, and curcuma contain active components that can influence the initiation and the progression of carcinogenesis, acting on pathways implied in cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. The present review illustrates the main foods and their active components, including their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and pro-apoptotic properties, with a particular focus on the evidence related to cancers of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zanini
- a Laboratory of Translational Surgery, Universitary Laboratories of Medical Research (LURM), G. B. Rossi Hospital , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Rotelli MT, Bocale D, De Fazio M, Ancona P, Scalera I, Memeo R, Travaglio E, Zbar AP, Altomare DF. IN-VITRO evidence for the protective properties of the main components of the Mediterranean diet against colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Surg Oncol 2015; 24:145-52. [PMID: 26303826 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) vary over 10-fold worldwide where within Westernized societies lower rates are observed amongst populations living within the Mediterranean basin, suggesting a significant influence of environment and dietary style in CRC carcinogenesis. Interpretation of the data concerning the benefits of mediterranean (MD) diet is difficult in vivo because of the variability of alimentary regimens used, the differing compliance with dietary supplementation and because of the non-uniform duration of patient cohort observation. Therefore, the aim of this review is to evaluate the in-vitro effects on colorectal cancer cell lines. METHODS the literature concerning the in-vitro effects of 4 of the principal components symbolizing the MD such as olive oil (polyphenol), red chili (capsaicin), tomato (lycopene) and red grapes (resveratrol) have been systematically reviewed. RESULTS Several studies have demonstrated that polyphenols form olive oil, lycopene, resveratrol and capsaicin have multiple anticancer properties affecting several metabolic pathways involved in cancerogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis in CRC cell lines. CONCLUSION This review summarizes some of the most recent data potentially supportive of the use of MD in CRC chemoprevention, analyzing the in vitro effects of individual components of the MD on CRC cell development, progression, metastasis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Rotelli
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy.
| | - D Bocale
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - M De Fazio
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - P Ancona
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - I Scalera
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - R Memeo
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - E Travaglio
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - A P Zbar
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D F Altomare
- DETO Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Italy
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Mackie A, Grootaert C, Bajka B, Rigby N, Raes K, Van Camp J. Use of metabolomics and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to study the bioavailability and intestinal mucus diffusion of polyphenols from cauliflower waste. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Di Francesco A, Falconi A, Di Germanio C, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Costa A, Caramuta S, Del Carlo M, Compagnone D, Dainese E, Cifani C, Maccarrone M, D’Addario C. Extravirgin olive oil up-regulates CB1 tumor suppressor gene in human colon cancer cells and in rat colon via epigenetic mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:250-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hashim YZHY, Worthington J, Allsopp P, Ternan NG, Brown EM, McCann MJ, Rowland IR, Esposto S, Servili M, Gill CIR. Virgin olive oil phenolics extract inhibit invasion of HT115 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2015; 5:1513-9. [PMID: 24836598 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The decreased cancer risk associated with consumption of olive oil may be due to the presence of phenolics which can modulate pathways including apoptosis and invasion that are relevant to carcinogenesis. We have previously shown that a virgin olive oil phenolics extract (OVP) inhibited invasion of HT115 colon cancer cells in vitro. In the current study we assessed the in vitro effects of OVP (25 μg mL(-1)) on HT115 cell migration, spreading and integrin expression. Furthermore, the anti-metastatic activity of OVP - at a dose equivalent to 25 mg per kg per day for 2, 8 or 10 weeks - was assessed in a Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency (SCID) Balb-c mouse model. After 24 h OVP did not inhibit cell migration but significantly reduced cell spreading on fibronectin (65% of control; p < 0.05) and expression of a range of α and β integrins was modulated. In vivo, OVP by gavage significantly (p < 0.05) decreased not only tumour volume but also the number of metastases in SCID Balb-c mice. Collectively, the data suggest that - possibly through modulation of integrin expression - OVP decreases invasion in vitro and also inhibits metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Z H-Y Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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An opto-electronic system for in-situ determination of peroxide value and total phenol content in olive oil. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alu'datt MH, Rababah T, Ereifej K, Gammoh S, Alhamad MN, Mhaidat N, Kubow S, Johargy A, Alnaiemi OJ. Investigation of natural lipid-phenolic interactions on biological properties of virgin olive oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11967-11975. [PMID: 25389645 DOI: 10.1021/jf504557k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of naturally occurring lipid-phenolic interactions on the biological properties of phenolics in virgin olive oil. Free and bound phenolics were isolated via sequential methanolic extraction at 30 and 60 °C, and were identified and quantified using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography. Decreased oleic acid concentrations and increased concentrations of palmitoleic acid, stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were observed in virgin olive oil after removal of free and bound lipid phenolic compounds. The presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and tyrosol bound to glycerides was determined via LC-MS/MS, which indicates natural lipid-phenolic interactions in virgin olive oil. Both free and lipid bound phenolic extracts exerted antiproliferative activities against the CRC1 and CRC5 colorectal cancer cell lines. The present work indicates that naturally occurring lipid-phenolic interactions can affect the biological properties of phenolics in virgin olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology , P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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