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Naja F, Khaleel S, Alhajeri ME, Ajlan BY, Abulfateh NM, Alawadhi AG, Bowah MHJ, Al-Jawaldeh A. The Bahraini food based dietary guidelines: a holistic perspective to health and wellbeing. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182075. [PMID: 37377553 PMCID: PMC10291616 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of food consumption extends well beyond the physical aspect of health to affect the mind, the society, and the environment. The biopsycho-ecological (BSE) theory recognizes the interplay between these factors and emphasizes the need for a holistic perspective to dietary recommendations. This manuscript presents a situation analysis of food consumption and diet-related diseases in Bahrain and describes the themes of the Bahraini Food based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and their alignment with the BSE constructs. Available data revealed low fruit and vegetable intake and excessive consumption of processed meat and sugary drinks in the country. These dietary habits are accompanied by a high burden of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors, anemia, and vitamin D deficiency. The Bahraini FBDG consisted of 11 context-specific themes and key messages that addressed the four dimensions of health depicted by the BSE theory, as follows: diet, physical activity, and food safety (body), physical activity, mindful eating and mental health (mind); family relations and cultural heritage (society), and food waste and environmental footprints of dietary intake (environment). The Bahraini FBDG present a model of dietary guidelines that adopted a holistic perspective to address health as they promote the role of food and dietary habits in maintaining the health of the body and that of the mind, the society, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sharfa Khaleel
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo, Egypt
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Heitman K, Fanelli SM, Taylor CA. Contribution of Snacks to Dietary Intakes Stratified by Race/Ethnicity in the United States. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:85-93. [PMID: 34762006 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1994051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snacking recommendations do not exist, yet snacks contribute substantially to daily energy intakes. While dietary intakes of adults in the United States vary by race/ethnicity, little is known about their snacking patterns. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of snacks stratified by race/ethnicity in adults who participated in the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHOD Dietary data from 18,679 adults older than 19 years were assessed to examine differences in intakes from snacking occasions by self-identified race/ethnicity. Mean intakes were estimated for total snacking occasions, percentage of day, nutrient density per 100 kcals, and the average snack. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores were computed for intakes from total day, snack only, and meals only. Analysis of covariance assessed differences between racial/ethnic groups. US Department of Agriculture food categories determined sources of snack foods. Data were weighted to create a nationally representative sample. RESULTS Asians consumed the least amount of daily energy in the form of snacks, while Blacks and Whites consumed the most. Mean intakes of saturated fats and added sugars consumed during snacking occasions were significantly lowest in Asians, and highest in Blacks and Whites. While total and percentage of daily intakes of sodium were lowest in Asians during snacking occasions, they had significantly lowest meal-only HEI sodium subscore, indicating higher sodium consumption of sodium during mealtimes. CONCLUSIONS Diet quality of snacks varies significantly by race/ethnicity. These data support the need for development of snacking recommendations with culturally appropriate dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Heitman
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie M Fanelli
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher A Taylor
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Cognitive impairment viz-a-viz genetic and biochemical variations in one carbon metabolic pathway: A population-based study from North India. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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García-Navarro EB, Cáceres-Titos MJ, Araujo-Hernández M. Food as Culture among African Women: Exploring Differences between North and South (Morocco-Senegal). Foods 2022; 11:foods11162433. [PMID: 36010433 PMCID: PMC9407349 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this exploratory study was to analyze the influence of culture on African women’s diet considering their role as primary caregivers. The analysis differentiated between Moroccan and Senegalese women and identified the key elements that influence their dietary habits and their health. Using a qualitative methodology, we performed a triangulation of data based on a literature review and a panel of experts, all of which served as the basis for the interview script to conduct 14 semi-structured interviews (n = 7 Moroccan and n = 7 Senegalese). This study reflects the substantial relationship between dietary habits, cultural identity, and health that healthcare providers need to acknowledge. It is important for healthcare practitioners to be culturally competent in order to provide holistic and individualized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Begoña García-Navarro
- Nursing Department, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
- Contemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development Research Center (COIDESO), Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center (ESEIS), Faculty of Nursing, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kaur M, Kaur H, Rathi S, Ashwitha M, Joanna J, Reddy S, Idris B, Myrtle P, Kandamuru S, Fatima S, Joshi A. Apps on Google Play Store to assist in self-management of hypertension in Indian context: features analysis study. Mhealth 2022; 8:14. [PMID: 35449503 PMCID: PMC9014236 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth-21-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of individuals with hypertension are turning to the Internet and m-health technologies for assistance. There is a need to study the content of smartphone applications on hypertension. The study aimed to review and investigate the functional and analytical characteristics of apps related to the self-management of hypertension available on Google Play Store. METHODS Search was conducted in February 2021 in India using the Google Play Store database to identify currently available Android-based apps related to self-management of hypertension/high blood pressure (BP). Keywords used were: 'Hypertension', 'High blood pressure', 'DASH diet', 'Hypertension diet', and 'Blood pressure diet'. A total of 822 apps were screened based on the duplicates, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. A total of 210 were included for further analysis. RESULTS Eighteen percent (n=37) of the apps had an overall rating of 4.5 or above. About 41% of the apps belonged to the medical category and 41% of the apps were characterized in the health and fitness category. Feature of logging/recording the BP measurement was seen in 73% of the apps. In-app graphing to analyze BP trends was reported in 64 % of the included apps. A few apps focused on tracking medication (n=19), sodium intake (n=2), and calorie intake (n=4). CONCLUSIONS The features were common across all the included apps and were focusing only on recording the BP, providing statistics and trends of BP, and providing educational information. App developers should now aim to provide other components of self-management techniques to help individuals tackle hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Kaur
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Rathi
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manikyarao Ashwitha
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jenifer Joanna
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinitya Reddy
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Batul Idris
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Persis Myrtle
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarvani Kandamuru
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sara Fatima
- Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Nutrition, St. Ann’s College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashish Joshi
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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De B, Goswami TK. Feeding the Future—Challenges and Limitations. Food Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119792130.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Integration of various dimensions in food-based dietary guidelines via mathematical approaches: report of a DGE/FENS Workshop in Bonn, Germany, 23-24 September 2019. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:942-949. [PMID: 33272337 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the past, food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were derived nearly exclusively by using systematic reviews on diet-health relationships and translating dietary reference values for nutrient intake into foods. This approach neglects many other implications that dietary recommendations have on society, the economy and environment. In view of pressing challenges, such as climate change and the rising burden of diet-related diseases, the simultaneous integration of evidence-based findings from different dimensions into FBDGs is required. Consequently, mathematical methods and data processing are evolving as powerful tools in nutritional sciences. The possibilities and reasons for the derivation of FBDGs via mathematical approaches were the subject of a joint workshop hosted by the German Nutrition Society (DGE) and the Federation of European Nutrition Societies (FENS) in September 2019 in Bonn, Germany. European scientists were invited to discuss and exchange on the topics of mathematical optimisation for the development of FBDGs and different approaches to integrate various dimensions into FBDGs. We concluded that mathematical optimisation is a suitable tool to formulate FBDGs finding trade-offs between conflicting goals and taking several dimensions into account. We identified a lack of evidence for the extent to which constraints and weights for different dimensions are set and the challenge to compile diverse data that suit the demands of optimisation models. We also found that individualisation via mathematical optimisation is one perspective of FBDGs to increase consumer acceptance, but the application of mathematical optimisation for population-based and individual FBDGs requires more experience and evaluation for further improvements.
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Childhood trauma and disordered eating: Exploring the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions. Appetite 2020; 154:104802. [PMID: 32717292 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although often perceived as non-threatening, disordered eating poses a significant risk to physical and psychological wellbeing. Given the modest effectiveness of current interventions, there is a need to identify specific psychological targets for treatment. One risk factor that has long been liked to eating issues is childhood trauma. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between five distinct forms of trauma and three disordered eating behaviours (Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating). In addition, it aimed to determine the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions in this association. Three hundred and thirty-two participants from the Australian community completed an online questionnaire measuring alexithymia, beliefs about emotions, disordered eating, and childhood trauma. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine total effects between independent forms of childhood trauma and eating behaviours, followed by bootstrapped confidence intervals to delineate indirect effects. A significant direct association was evidenced between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cognitive Restraint, in addition to Childhood Sexual Abuse and Emotional Eating. Numerous indirect effects were detected involving the beliefs that emotions are 'Overwhelming and Uncontrollable' and 'Damaging'. Findings indicated that experiences of childhood trauma were associated with disordered eating behaviours through the detection of significant total and/or indirect effects. However, effect sizes of indirect effects (involving beliefs about emotions) were small, suggesting that there are additional factors involved. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the causal direction of these findings.
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Fischer ML, Cini RDA, Zanata AA, Nohama N, Hashimoto MS, Da Rocha VB, Rosaneli CF. Panorama da nutrigenômica no Brasil sob a perspectiva da Bioética. REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE BIOÉTICA 2020. [DOI: 10.18359/rlbi.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A nutrigenômica tem configurado, no meio científico e popular, como alternativa para prevenir doenças, cuja predisposição determinada geneticamente pode ser evitada ou estimulada, de- pendendo do ambiente no qual o indivíduo se insere. Este estudo questionou o potencial da nutrigenômica em mitigar ou gerar vulnerabilidades. Objetivou-se traçar o panorama da nutrigenômica no Brasil sob a perspectiva da Bioética. O estudo consistiu em um mapeamento quantitativo do panora- ma da nutrigenômica no cenário científico e popular do Brasil, e em uma análise bibliográfica exploratória com o intuito de identificar os agentes e pacientes morais, bem como as vulnerabilidades com vistas a promover uma reflexão à luz da Bioética. O cenário da nutrigenômica no Brasil, elaborado a partir de 18 textos científicos e de 600 conteúdos populares, indicou a prematuridade da área no contexto científico em confronto com uma ampla incorporação pelo meio popular. A incorporação da Bioética na questão foi analisada em 44 artigos científicos, a partir dos quais foram identificados como aspectos condicionantes de decisões do agente moral os contextos filosófico, biológico, cultural, legal e sanitário nos quais se insere. Foram elencadas as vulnerabilidades e mudanças de paradigmas necessárias para sua implementação no Brasil, a fim de diminuir o potencial de geração de vulnerabilidades. A Bioética pode e deve ter uma atuação mais ampla e efetiva nas questões da nutrigenômica ao normatizar, balizar e orientar o desenvolvimento dessa área promissora. Assim, deve visar às mudanças de paradigmas da ciência, dos profissionais, do mercado, do paciente e do consumidor para serem suprimidos os aspectos potenciais de geração das vulnerabilidades identificadas e contribuir para a qualidade de vida de todos os seres vivos desta e de futuras gerações.
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Sjeltoft JR, Donsel PO, Vad H, Larsen MK, Missel M. A radical change: A qualitative study of patients' experiences of eating and daily living through the first year after oesophageal resection. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 48:101800. [PMID: 32746000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of patients in terms of eating and consequences in everyday life in the first year after oesophageal cancer surgery. METHODS Thirteen patients participated in qualitative interviews one year after surgery for oesophageal cancer. Descriptions capturing the meaning of the lived experiences of patients were then derived from subsequent analysis and interpretation of the interviews. A phenomenological hermeneutical approach comprised the epistemological stance, and theoretical perspectives were drawn from Schutz' theory of everyday life. RESULTS Patient descriptions of their experiences with food, eating and everyday life in the first year after oesophageal cancer surgery fell into four themes: Adjusting to a different anatomy - food and eating as a dominant and difficult activity; changed body - food and eating as an underlying shadow; feeling different - social consequences of changed eating; a nutritional jungle - guidance and support in an uncertain time. CONCLUSION The physical and social consequences of oesophageal cancer resection upend everyday structures, requiring patients to adopt a new, conscious and reflexive approach to food and eating as a social activity. Continuous support from healthcare professionals and patient-to-patient interaction can help redefine everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pernille Orloff Donsel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Malene Kaas Larsen
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Malene Missel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sana A, Kafando B, Dramaix M, Meda N, Bouland C. Household energy choice for domestic cooking: distribution and factors influencing cooking fuel preference in Ouagadougou. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18902-18910. [PMID: 32207010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have highlighted the link between indoor air pollution from the burning of solid fuels for cooking and heating and the occurrence of various health problems particularly in women and children under 5 years. In developing countries, solid fuels remain the main sources of energy. The purpose of this study aims to describe the distribution of household cooking fuel types and to analyze the factors influencing household cooking energy choice in Ouagadougou. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 in 3 neighborhoods of Ouagadougou. A total of 1734 household were randomly selected. We performed a multivariable logistic regression and a multinomial logistic regression to measure the relationship between selected determinants and households' primary cooking fuel. 59.53% of the households of Ouagadougou reported using solid fuels as the main cooking fuel. Wood is the most common primary cooking fuel used (43.93%), followed by LPG (40.41%) and then charcoal (15.60%). About 84% combine at least 2 types of energy for cooking. Cooking fuel choice is strongly influenced by the socioeconomic status, the family size, and also by the woman's educational attainment, her age and the main cooking fuel used in her parents' house. Actions aimed at reducing the impact of solid fuel use in the environment or health must consider these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sana
- Département de santé publique, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Boulevard Charles de Gaulle, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- Département de santé publique, Centre Muraz, 2054, avenue Mamadou Konaté, 01 BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
- Centre de recherche en santé environnementale et santé au travail, Ecole de santé publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik CP593, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Benoit Kafando
- Département de santé publique, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Boulevard Charles de Gaulle, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Michèle Dramaix
- Ecole de santé publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik CP593, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Département de santé publique, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Boulevard Charles de Gaulle, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Département de santé publique, Centre Muraz, 2054, avenue Mamadou Konaté, 01 BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Catherine Bouland
- Centre de recherche en santé environnementale et santé au travail, Ecole de santé publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik CP593, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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Ranabhat CL, Jakovljevic M, Dhimal M, Kim CB. Structural Factors Responsible for Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results From 118 Countries. Front Public Health 2020; 7:414. [PMID: 32039128 PMCID: PMC6985282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Demography, politics, economy, and governance appear to be the major structural factors for health and well-being. These factors have a significant role to play in achieving universal health coverage (UHC). The majority of previous studies did not highlight those factors. The aim of this study is to explore the basic structural factors (political stability, demography, gross national income, governance, and transparency) associated with a UHC index of low- and middle-income countries because for a long time there has be a stagnation achieving universal health coverage. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study applying multiple indices as variables. Low- and middle-income countries' selected indicators were the study variables. Data concerned the current political stability, sociodemographic status, gross national income (GNI), and governance status as independent variables and the UHC index of the countries as the dependent variable. Mean and standard deviations were used for the average values of the variables, a raw correlation was shown among variables and a hierarchical linear regression model was used for multi variate analysis. Results: Government health expenditure is 6% out of the total budget in upper middle countries (UMIC) and ~5% in lower middle countries (LMIC) and low-income countries (LIC), population below poverty line is more than 2-fold higher in LIC in comparison with high income countries, UHC index, and socio-demographic index (SDI) index is similar in LMIC and LIC and slightly higher in UMIC. There is a positive association between government health expenditure, governance index, stability index, the SDI index, and GNI per capita and a negative association between populations below poverty line with UHC index. According to our full regression analysis model, governance, stability, and SDI index were associated with a significantly increased UHC index by 0.33, 0.41, and 0.57 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: To achieve UHC, good governance, political stability, and demographic balance are prerequisites and addressing these factors would help to meet by 2030 across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
- Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Division of Health Economics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Chun-Bae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Hongcheon County Hypertension and Diabetes Registration and Education Center, Hongcheon, South Korea.,Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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Dietary patterns and practices in rural eastern Uganda: Implications for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Appetite 2019; 143:104409. [PMID: 31445996 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of type 2 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to double by 2040, partly attributable to rapidly changing diets. In this paper, we analysed how community members in rural Uganda understood the concept of a healthy or unhealthy diet, food preparation and serving practices to inform the process of facilitating knowledge and skill necessary for self-management and care for type 2 diabetes. This was a qualitative study involving 20 focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews among those at risk, patients with type 2 diabetes and the general community members without diabetes mellitus. Data was coded and entered into Atlas ti version 7.5.12 and interpreted using thematic analysis. We identified three main themes, which revealed, the perceptions on food and diet concerning health; the social dimensions of food and influence on diet practices; and food as a gendered activity. Participants noted that eating and cooking practices resulted in unhealthy diets. Their practices were affected by beliefs, poverty and food insecurity. Women determined which foods to prepare, but men prepared only some of the foods such as delicacies like a rice dish "pilau." New commercial and processed foods were increasingly available and consumed even in rural areas. Participants linked signs and symptoms of illness to diet as they narrated changes from past to current food preparation behaviours. Their view of overweight and obesity was also gendered and linked to social status. Participants' perception of disease influenced by diet was similar among those with and without type 2 diabetes, and those at risk. People described what is a healthy diet was as recommended by the health workers, but stated that their practices differed greatly from their knowledge. There was high awareness about healthy and balanced diets, but food is entrenched within social and gendered paradigms, which are slowly changing. Social and gender dimensions of food will need to be addressed through interventions in communities to promote change on a society level.
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Yong HY, Shariff ZM, Mohd Yusof BN, Rejali Z, Bindels J, Tee YYS, van der Beek EM. Associations between the dietary patterns of pregnant Malaysian women and ethnicity, education, and early pregnancy waist circumference: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:230-239. [PMID: 31214291 PMCID: PMC6548709 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known about the dietary patterns (DPs) of women during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify the DPs of pregnant Malaysian women and their associations with socio-demographic, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study included 737 participants enrolled in Seremban Cohort Study between 2013 and 2015. Food consumption was assessed using a validated 126-food item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) at four time-points, namely, pre-pregnancy and at each trimester (first, second, and third). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify DPs. RESULTS Three DPs were identified at each time point and designated DP 1–3 (pre-pregnancy), DP 4–6 (first trimester), DP 7–9 (second trimester) and DP 10–12 (third trimester). DP 1, 4, and 7 appeared to be more prudent diets, characterized by higher intakes of nuts, seeds & legumes, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, eggs, fruits, and milk & dairy products. DP 2, 5, 8, and 11 had greater loadings of condiments & spices, sugar, spreads & creamer, though DP 2 had additional sweet foods, DP 5 and 8 had additional oils & fats, and DP 11 had additional tea & coffee, respectively. DP 3 and 6 were characterized by high protein (poultry, meat, processed, dairy, eggs, and fish), sugars (mainly as beverages and sweet foods), and energy (bread, cereal & cereal products, rice, noodles & pasta) intakes. DP 9 had additional fruits. However, DP 12 had greater loadings of energy foods (bread, cereal & cereal products, rice, noodles & pasta), sugars (mainly as beverages, and sweet foods), and good protein sources (eggs, nuts, seeds & legumes). Malays were more likely to have lower adherence (LA) for DP 1 and 10 than non-Malays. DP 2, 8, and 11 were more prevalent among Malays than non-Malays. Women with a higher education were more likely to have LA for DP 10, and women with a greater waist circumference at first prenatal visit were more likely to show LA for DP 11. CONCLUSIONS DPs observed in the present study were substantially different from those reported in Western populations. Information concerning associations between ethnicity, waist circumference and education with specific DPs before and throughout pregnancy could facilitate efforts to promote healthy dietary behavior and the overall health and well-being of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yaw Yong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zalilah Mohd Shariff
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yvonne Yee Siang Tee
- Danone Dumex (M) ShdBhd, Nilai Industrial Estate, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yoon JW, Ahn SI, Jhoo JW, Kim GY. Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Fermented at Low Temperature and Its Anti-inflammatory Effect on DSS-induced Colitis in Mice. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:162-176. [PMID: 30882084 PMCID: PMC6411250 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yogurt fermented
at low temperature and the anti-inflammatory effect it has on induced colitis
with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in Balb/c mice. Yogurt premix were
fermented with a commercial starter culture containing Lactobacillus
acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis,
Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus
delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at different
temperatures: 22°C (low fermentation temperature) for 27 h and
37°C (general fermentation temperature) for 12 h. To measure antioxidant
activity of yogurt samples, DPPH, ABTS+ and ferric reducing
antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays were conducted. For animal experiments,
inflammation was induced with 2.5% DSS in Balb/c mice. Yogurt fermented
at low temperature showed higher antioxidant activity than that of the yogurt
fermented at general temperature. In the inflammatory study, IL-6 (interleukin
6) was decreased and IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly in DSS group with
yogurt fermented at general temperature (DYG) and that with yogurt fermented at
low temperature (DYL) compared to that in DSS-induced colitic mice (DC),
especially DYL had higher concentration of cytokines IL-4, and IL-10 than DYG.
MPO (myeloperoxidase) tended to decrease more in treatments with yogurt than DC.
Additionally, yogurt fermented at low temperature had anti-inflammatory
activity, although there was no significant difference with general
temperature-fermented yogurt (p>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Yoon
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Ahn
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jhoo
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Gur-Yoo Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Lynch M, Brooks-Cleator LA, Giles AR, Rumford MH. "RIP KFC": Public Perceptions of a Fast-Food Restaurant Closure. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 58:120-141. [PMID: 30688089 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1570178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper used netnography and thematic analysis of the comments made in online news articles to understand better the public response to the closure of the only KFC restaurant in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, in 2015. While the popular media often cover fast-food restaurant closures, past academic research has not examined the public response to these closures. To begin to fill this gap, we examined the comments sections of five online news articles from the Canadian news outlet, CBC.ca, and reactions shared on Facebook. 239 commenters made 308 publicly available online comments addressing the closure. Key themes in commenter perceptions included pro-closure reactions, which were based on the perceived public health benefits of reduced fast-food consumption, and anti-closure reactions to such factors as the loss of a local landmark and a source of positive memories. The unfavorable reactions appeared to pose a significant barrier to public acceptance of the KFC closure. This paper argues that it is important to examine public perceptions of fast-food closures to understand better what these restaurants mean to individuals and communities. This information, in turn, can be used to promote healthier restaurant-eating in ways that will complement efforts to encourage healthier food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Lynch
- a Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | | | - Audrey R Giles
- b School of Human Kinetics , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
| | - M Hope Rumford
- b School of Human Kinetics , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
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18
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Esteve-Llorens X, Darriba C, Moreira MT, Feijoo G, González-García S. Towards an environmentally sustainable and healthy Atlantic dietary pattern: Life cycle carbon footprint and nutritional quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:704-715. [PMID: 30059930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Production and consumption of food has a significant effect on climate change. The effect of different consumption habits on the environment should not be under estimated, as there are different studies that mention the environmental impact associated with different foods, especially those of animal origin. The analysis of the Atlantic diet (AD), as the most common dietary pattern in Northwestern Spain, serves as an example of a diet with a high consumption of local, fresh and seasonal products, home cooking and low-processed foods. The evaluation was carried out by quantifying the carbon footprint following the Life Cycle Analysis methodology and identifying its nutritional quality according to the value of the Nutrient-rich Dietary index (NRD9.3.). According to the main results, the consumption of livestock products and shellfish is responsible for most GHG emissions (70% of the total). The basic ingredients of the AD, such as vegetables and legumes, make a relatively minor contribution (with an impact of 30% of the total) to the total carbon footprint of 3.01 kg CO2eq·person-1·day-1. As regards nutritional quality, AD has a high nutritional score (474), mainly due to the low intake of sodium, added sugars and saturated fats (nutrients to be limited in healthy diets). In general, both the carbon footprint and the nutritional index score are consistent with those of other studies on the Mediterranean diet, which has been recognised as beneficial. Therefore, it can be concluded that the AD may be recommended from a nutritional and environmental point of view, mainly due to the high intake of fish and vegetables. The communication of this valuable environmental and nutritional information to consumers should be taken into account when considering strategic actions for the adoption of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Esteve-Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmela Darriba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Fournier T, Poulain JP. Eating According to One's Genes? Exploring the French Public's Understanding of and Reactions to Personalized Nutrition. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:2195-2207. [PMID: 30132729 DOI: 10.1177/1049732318793417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we analyze qualitatively the understanding of and reactions to personalized nutrition (PN) among the French public. Focus groups were conducted to identify the opinions and discourses about two applications of knowledge from nutritional (epi)genomics: a biotechnology (nutrigenetic testing) and a public awareness campaign (the "first thousand days of life" initiative). Our objective was to understand to what extent PN could lead to changes in eating practices as well as in the representations of food-health relationships within France, a country characterized by a strong commitment to commensality and a certain "nutritional relativism." Although discourses on nutritional genomics testify to a resistance to food medicalization, nutritional epigenomics appears as more performative because it introduces the question of transgenerational transmission, thus parental responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Fournier
- 1 Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux Sociaux (Iris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Poulain
- 2 Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- 3 Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (Certop), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France
- 4 Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) "Food, Cultures and Health", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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20
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Safety profile of 40% Garcinol from Garcinia indica in experimental rodents. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:750-758. [PMID: 29984188 PMCID: PMC6031240 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluated standardized 40% Garcinol in Wistar rats for its safety. Acute, sub-acute sub-chronic and reproductive/developmental toxicity study conducted. 40% Garcinol safe up to 2000 mg/kg at single dose. NOAEL of 40% Garcinol at sub acute, sub-chronic and reproductive/developmental study is 100 mg/kg/day.
The present study was taken up to evaluate the single dose acute toxicity, 28 days and 90 days repeated dose toxicity and reproductive/developmental toxicity of standardized 40% Garcinol in experimental rodents. The studies were conducted in compliance with OECD principles of good laboratory practice, guidelines for testing of chemicals no.420, 407, 408 and 421 respectively. Single dose acute oral toxicity was conducted on female Wistar rats as sighting study step-I (300 mg/kg) & sighting study step-II (2000 mg/kg) and main study (2000 mg/kg). Sub-acute, sub-chronic and reproductive/developmental studies were conducted in Wistar rats divided equally in vehicle control, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg dose group along with recovery groups for vehicle control and high dose. Reproductive/developmental study was carried out for minimum of 28 days and in females during pregnancy and 4 days post partum. There were no abnormal clinical signs/behavioural changes, reproductive and developmental parameters, gross and histopathological changes as well as no alteration in the body weight, body temperature, haematology and other biochemical parameters in all the four studies. 40% Garcinol has a low toxicity profile in rodents and had no observed effects under experimental conditions used.
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Social Influence in Liver Fluke Transmission: Application of Social Network Analysis of Food Sharing in Thai Isaan Culture. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:97-124. [PMID: 29907257 PMCID: PMC7126829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In northeastern Thai (Isaan) culture traditional raw fish dishes and raw fish-eating habits are common. Eating and sharing meals together among the community's members, especially relatives and neighbours, are a common practice in both daily life and social gathering events. Fish are a significant protein source and are associated with variety of traditional recipes. Cyprinid fish are one of the most preferred fish by Isaan villagers for daily consumption because they are accessible and affordable. Consumption of these fish probably causes the persistence of high endemicity of human liver fluke infection, particularly with Opisthorchis viverrini, in northeast Thailand. Because the consumption of raw cyprinid fish is a well-documented risk factor for liver fluke infection, sharing of risky raw fish dishes may influence disease transmission through a community. Social network analysis was used to investigate fish and fish-based meal sharing among household members in Isaan villages in liver fluke endemic areas. The findings from three studies confirmed the persistence of traditional Isaan raw fish consumption and food-sharing practice. Social connections via food sharing among villagers played an important role in liver fluke infection and transmission dynamics as a risk factor. Thus these sociocultural factors should be taken into account in designing strategies for control of opisthorchiasis and other food-borne illnesses at the community level.
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22
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Jih J, La Chica T, Antonio LM, Villero OO, Roque MN, Domingo JR, Landicho JF, Napoles AM, Kaplan CP, Nguyen TT. Application of Photovoice with Focus Groups to Explore Dietary Behaviors of Older Filipino Adults with Cardiovascular Disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 11:133-149. [PMID: 31745445 PMCID: PMC6863513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Filipino Americans have high rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study explored the dietary behaviors, a modifiable risk factor, of Filipinos with CVD. Filipinos with CVD were recruited and trained to do Photovoice. Participants took photos to depict their "food experience," defined as their daily dietary activities. Participants then shared their photos during focus groups. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using an iterative, grounded theory approach. Among 38 Filipino participants, the mean age was 70 years old and all were foreign-born. Major themes included efforts to retain connection to Filipino culture through food, and dietary habits shaped by cultural health beliefs. Many believed that traditional dietary practices increased CVD risk. Receiving a CVD diagnosis and clinician advice changed their dietary behaviors. Household members, the physical environment, and economic constraints also influenced dietary behaviors. Photovoice is feasible among older Filipinos and may enhance understanding of drivers of dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jih
- University of California San Francisco
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23
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Hurlimann T, Peña-Rosas JP, Saxena A, Zamora G, Godard B. Ethical issues in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health policies and interventions: A scoping review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186897. [PMID: 29073186 PMCID: PMC5658098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited integration of ethics in nutrition-related public health policies and interventions is one major concern for those who have the task of implementing them. Ethical challenges that are overlooked during the development of such interventions could raise serious ethical issues during their implementation and even after. As a result, these decision makers need technical support and ethical guidance for adaptation of interventions to local (cultural, social, economic, etc.) contexts. Aim The goal of this scoping review is to delineate and “map” the range of ethical issues in nutrition-related public health interventions, as well as the range of the various fields in which they may arise. Methods A scoping review of empirical research and conceptual literature was conducted following the framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Searches using PubMed with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) categories and Advanced Search Builder as well as in the Global Health Library were performed. The final sample consists of 169 publications. Results The ethics of public health prevention or treatment of obesity and non-communicable diseases is the most explicitly and frequently discussed subject. In comparison, ethical issues raised by public health interventions in the fields of undernutrition, breastfeeding, vitamin/mineral supplementation and food fortification, food security, food sustainability and food safety are addressed in a lower proportion of the sample. The results illustrate the various natures, types, and scopes of existing public health nutrition-related interventions, and the various ethical issues that may be raised by these interventions, in addition to the numerous and different contexts in which they may be implemented. Discussion The ethical issues faced in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health interventions are varied and cannot be equated with, nor generalized about, when dealing with specific activities in this field. More importantly, these ethical issues cannot be managed without a careful consideration for the complexity of contexts in which nutrition-related interventions are expected to be implemented. These interventions engage a variety of actors with diverse perspectives and interests. We discuss these challenges and also comment on the importance of considering ethical impacts in the monitoring and evaluation of such interventions. Conclusion General ethical frameworks or recommendations–although useful–cannot be expected to provide policy makers, implementators and other public health personnel with sufficient practical ethical guidance as they cannot consider and anticipate the particularities of all specific nutrition-related public health interventions and the complexity of the contexts in which they are implemented. Further research is needed in order to develop more targeted ethical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Hurlimann
- Public Health Research Institute of the University of Montreal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas
- Evidence and Programme Guidance, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abha Saxena
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Zamora
- Evidence and Programme Guidance, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Godard
- Public Health Research Institute of the University of Montreal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Galli A, Iha K, Halle M, El Bilali H, Grunewald N, Eaton D, Capone R, Debs P, Bottalico F. Mediterranean countries' food consumption and sourcing patterns:An Ecological Footprint viewpoint. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:383-391. [PMID: 27838057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Securing food for growing populations while minimizing environmental externalities is becoming a key topic in the current sustainability debate. This is particularly true in the Mediterranean region, which is characterized by scarce natural resources and increasing climate-related impacts. This paper focuses on the pressure Mediterranean people place on the Earth ecosystems because of their food consumption and sourcing patterns and then explores ways in which such pressure can be reduced. To do so, it uses an Ecological-Footprint-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EF-MRIO) approach applied to 15 Mediterranean countries. Results indicate that food consumption is a substantial driver of the region's ecological deficit, whereby demand for renewable resources and ecosystems services outpaces the capacity of its ecosystems to provide them. Portugal, Malta and Greece are found to have the highest per capita food Footprints (1.50, 1.25 and 1.22 global hectares (gha), respectively), while Slovenia, Egypt and Israel have the lowest (0.63, 0.64 and 0.79gha, respectively). With the exception of France, all Mediterranean countries rely on the biocapacity of foreign countries to satisfy their residents' demand for food. By analyzing the effect of shifting to a calorie-adequate diet or changing dietary patterns, we finally point out that the region's Ecological Footprint - and therefore its ecological deficit - could be reduced by 8% to 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Galli
- Global Footprint Network, 18 Avenue Louis-Casai, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Katsunori Iha
- Global Footprint Network, 18 Avenue Louis-Casai, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Halle
- Global Footprint Network, 18 Avenue Louis-Casai, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hamid El Bilali
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies in Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicole Grunewald
- Global Footprint Network, 18 Avenue Louis-Casai, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Derek Eaton
- Global Footprint Network, 18 Avenue Louis-Casai, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Capone
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies in Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Philipp Debs
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies in Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bottalico
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies in Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Kohlmeier M, De Caterina R, Ferguson LR, Görman U, Allayee H, Prasad C, Kang JX, Nicoletti CF, Martinez JA. Guide and Position of the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics on Personalized Nutrition: Part 2 - Ethics, Challenges and Endeavors of Precision Nutrition. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:28-46. [PMID: 27286972 DOI: 10.1159/000446347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenetics considers the influence of individual genetic variation on differences in response to dietary components, nutrient requirements and predisposition to disease. Nutrigenomics involves the study of interactions between the genome and diet, including how nutrients affect the transcription and translation process plus subsequent proteomic and metabolomic changes, and also differences in response to dietary factors based on the individual genetic makeup. Personalized characteristics such as age, gender, physical activity, physiological state and social status, and special conditions such as pregnancy and risk of disease can inform dietary advice that more closely meets individual needs. Precision nutrition has a promising future in treating the individual according to their phenotype and genetic characteristics, aimed at both the treatment and prevention of disease. However, many aspects are still in progress and remain as challenges for the future of nutrition. The integration of the human genotype and microbiome needs to be better understood. Further advances in data interpretation tools are also necessary, so that information obtained through newer tests and technologies can be properly transferred to consumers. Indeed, precision nutrition will integrate genetic data with phenotypical, social, cultural and personal preferences and lifestyles matters to provide a more individual nutrition, but considering public health perspectives, where ethical, legal and policy aspects need to be defined and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohlmeier
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
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Hurlimann T, Menuz V, Graham J, Robitaille J, Vohl MC, Godard B. Risks of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics? What the scientists say. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:370. [PMID: 24293399 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics (hereafter NGx) have stimulated expectations for beneficial applications in public health and individuals. Yet, the potential achievability of such promise is not without socioethical considerations that challenge NGx implementation. This paper focuses on the opinions of NGx researchers about potential risks raised by NGx. The results of an online survey show that these researchers (n = 126) are fairly confident about the potential benefits of NGx, and that most downplay its potential risks. Researchers in this field do not believe that NGx will reconfigure foods as medication or transform the conception of eating into a health hazard. The majority think that NGx will produce no added burden on individuals to get tested or to remain compliant with NGx recommendations, nor that NGx will threaten individual autonomy in daily food choice. The majority of researchers do not think that NGx will lead to discrimination against and/or stigmatization of people who do not comply with NGx dietary recommendations. Despite this optimism among NGx researchers, we suggest that key risk factors raised by the socioethical context in which NGx applications will be implemented need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hurlimann
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programmes, School of Public Health (ESPUM), University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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27
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Görman U. Editorial. GENES & NUTRITION 2013; 8:345-347. [PMID: 23508672 PMCID: PMC3689897 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This special section of Genes and Nutrition presents a baseline analysis of ethical and legal issues undertaken within the EU FP7 research project Food4Me, which investigates the feasibility today of the vision for delivering personalized nutrition. Four major topics are addressed: Do we know enough for offering personalized nutritional advice? How can personal, cultural, and scientific perspectives on food and health be integrated? How does personalized nutrition affect individual autonomy? Which urgent ethical and legal matters stand out when personalized nutrition is commercialized?
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Affiliation(s)
- U Görman
- Ethics Unit, Centre for Theology and Religious Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
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