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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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2
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Cao H, Li L, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu X, Yang F, Dong W. The multifaceted role of extracellular ATP in sperm function: From spermatogenesis to fertilization. Theriogenology 2024; 214:98-106. [PMID: 37865020 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a vital signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes within the body. In recent years, studies have revealed its significant role in male reproduction, particularly in sperm function. This review explores the multifaceted role of extracellular ATP in sperm function, from spermatogenesis to fertilization. We discuss the impact of extracellular ATP on spermatogenesis, sperm maturation and sperm-egg fusion, highlighting the complex regulatory mechanisms and potential clinical applications in the context of male infertility. By examining the latest research, we emphasize the crucial role of extracellular ATP in sperm function and propose future research directions to further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xianglin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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3
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Xiong Y, Zhou D, Zheng K, Bi W, Dong Y. Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Binding to P2Y1 Receptors Prevents Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity: Involvement of Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway to Suppress Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:901688. [PMID: 35747207 PMCID: PMC9209742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity could be related to the pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Extracellular ATP exerts a wide variety of functions, such as attenuating Aβ-mediated toxicity, inhibiting N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit combinations, and aggravating ischemic brain injury. However, the effect of extracellular ATP on glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity remains largely unknown. Herein, we showed that extracellular ATP prevented the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via binding to its P2Y1 receptors. We found that excessive glutamate triggered cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and mitochondrial membrane potential damage, which were significantly attenuated by extracellular ATP. Besides, glutamate activated autophagy, as illustrated by the increased protein level of autophagic marker LC3II and decreased level of p62, and glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity could be completely abolished by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. In addition, we revealed that extracellular ATP activated Erk1/2 signaling to suppress autophagy and to exert its neuroprotective effects, which was further reduced by autophagy agonist rapamycin and the selective Erk1/2 inhibitor PD0325901. Taken together, our findings suggest that extracellular ATP binding to P2Y1 receptors protected against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via Erk1/2-mediated autophagy inhibition, implying the potential of ATP for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duanyang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Dong, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-3896
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Xiao Z, Xu M, Lan L, Xu K, Zhang YR. Activation of the P2X7 receptor in the dental pulp tissue contributes to the pain in rats with acute pulpitis. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221106844. [PMID: 35748325 PMCID: PMC9237923 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221106844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute pulpitis (AP) is beneficial for pain relief and pulp regeneration. The purinergic P2X7 receptor activation is responsible for the formation and maintenance of inflammation and pain. This study aims to determine the role of the pulp tissue P2X7 receptor to activate the mechanisms of the AP in rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups, namely, normal, normal saline (NS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups. Alterations in pain behavior were detected through head-withdrawal thresholds (HWTs), and the pathological changes in pulp tissue were studied through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of the P2X7 receptor in pulp tissue was observed through immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting. The effect of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A-740003 on HWTs was also observed. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pulp tissue of rats were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HWTs were reduced in the rats with AP. Inflammation is formed but was found more severe in the LPS group than the NS group, and the expression levels of the P2X7 receptors in the NS and LPS groups were higher than in the normal group. The periodontal ligament injection of the A-740003 dose-dependant increases the HWTs in rats with AP. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the pulp in the NS and LPS groups were increased but reversed by A-740003 injection. In rats with AP, the expression level of the P2X7 receptor and IL-6/TNF-α release was upregulated. The A-740003 can relieve pain and reduce the inflammation progression in rats with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yue-Rong Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Yue-Rong Zhang, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School and Hospital of stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Fukumoto Y, Tanaka KF, Parajuli B, Shibata K, Yoshioka H, Kanemaru K, Gachet C, Ikenaka K, Koizumi S, Kinouchi H. Neuroprotective effects of microglial P2Y 1 receptors against ischemic neuronal injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2144-2156. [PMID: 30334687 PMCID: PMC6827120 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18805317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP, which is released from damaged cells after ischemia, activates P2 receptors. P2Y1 receptors (P2Y1R) have received considerable attention, especially in astrocytes, because their activation plays a central role in the regulation of neuron-to-glia communication. However, the functions or even existence of P2Y1R in microglia remain unknown, despite the fact that many microglial P2 receptors are involved in several brain diseases. Herein, we demonstrate the presence and functional capability of microglial P2Y1R to provide neuroprotective effects following ischemic stress. Cerebral ischemia resulted in increased microglial P2Y1R expression. The number of injured hippocampal neurons was significantly higher in P2Y1 R knockout (KO) mice than wildtype mice after forebrain ischemia. Propidium iodide (PI) uptake, a marker for dying cells, was significantly higher in P2Y1R KO hippocampal slices compared with wildtype hippocampal slices at 48 h after 40-min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, increased PI uptake following OGD was rescued by ectopic overexpression of P2Y1R in microglia. In summary, these data suggest that microglial P2Y1R mediate neuroprotective effects against ischemic stress and OGD insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Fukumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Christian Gachet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinouchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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6
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Li Z, Gu Y, Wen R, Shen F, Tian HL, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Lysosome exocytosis is involved in astrocyte ATP release after oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Neurosci Lett 2019; 705:251-258. [PMID: 30928480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies demonstrated that oxidative damage decreased intracellular ATP level in astrocytes. However, the pathway mediated ATP level decrease is obscure. Our previous study found intracellular ATP could be released via lysosome exocytosis in astrocytes. Here, we explored whether lysosome exocytosis was involved in ATP release during oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in astrocytes. METHODS Astrocytes were isolated from the cortex of neonatal rats. Intracellular lysosomes and calcium signals were stained in astrocytes before and after H2O2 stimulation. ATP molecules location and ATP level were detected by immunostaining and bioluminescence method, respectively. Extracellular β-Hexosaminidase and LDH were examined by colorimetric method. RESULTS We found that ATP located in lysosome of astrocytes. H2O2 stimulation resulted in the decrease of lysosomes staining and the increase of extracellular ATP, compared to the control (p < 0.05). At the same time, intracellular Fluo4 signals and β-Hexosaminidase level were also increased (p < 0.05). Extracellular LDH level did not show an increase, suggesting that there is no cell membrane damage after H2O2 stimulation. Glycyl-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide blocked lysosome exocytosis and inhibited ATP release in astrocytes after H2O2-treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that H2O2 induced ATP release from intracellular to extracellular via lysosome exocytosis. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ was necessary for lysosome release under oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Li
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Ruoxue Wen
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fanxia Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Shanghai JiaoTong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Mayhew J, Graham BA, Biber K, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Purinergic modulation of glutamate transmission: An expanding role in stress-linked neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:26-37. [PMID: 29959963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress has been extensively linked to disturbances in glutamatergic signalling. Emerging from this field of research is a considerable number of studies identifying the ability of purines at the pre-, post-, and peri-synaptic levels to tune glutamatergic neurotransmission. While the evidence describing purinergic control of glutamate has continued to grow, there has been relatively little attention given to how chronic stress modulates purinergic functions. The available research on this topic has demonstrated that chronic stress can not only disturb purinergic receptors involved in the regulation of glutamate neurotransmission, but also perturb glial-dependent purinergic signalling. This review will provide a detailed examining of the complex literature relating to glutamatergic-purinergic interactions with a focus on both neuronal and glial contributions. Once these detailed interactions have been described and contextualised, we will integrate recent findings from the field of stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayhew
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - B A Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - K Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Nilsson
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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8
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Somayajulu M, Bessert DA, Hüttemann M, Sohi J, Kamholz J, Skoff RP. Insertion of proteolipid protein into mitochondria but not DM20 regulates metabolism of cells. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:90-98. [PMID: 29729355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteolipid protein (PLP), besides its adhesive role in myelin, has been postulated to have multiple cellular functions. One well-documented function of PLP is regulation of oligodendrocyte (Olg) apoptosis. In contrast, DM20, an alternatively spliced product of the PLP1/Plp1 gene, has been proposed to have functions that are unique from PLP but these functions have never been elucidated. Here, we compare metabolism of PLP and DM20, and show that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was significantly decreased in Plp1 but not DM20 or EGFP expressing cells. The reserve OxPhos capacity of Plp1 expressing cells was half of control cells, suggesting that they are very vulnerable to stress. ATP in media of Plp1 expressing cells is significantly increased more than two-fold compared to controls; markers of apoptosis are increased in cells over-expressing Plp1, indicating that abnormal metabolism of PLP is most likely the direct cause leading to Olg apoptosis. We hypothesize that abnormal metabolism, mediated by increased insertion of PLP into mitochondria, underlies demyelination in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) and in models of PMD. To understand why PLP and DM20 function differently, we mutated or deleted amino acids located in the PLP-specific region. All these mutations and deletions of the PLP-specific region prevented insertion of PLP into mitochondria. These findings demonstrate that the PLP-specific region is essential for PLP's import into mitochondria, and now offer an explanation for deciphering unique functions of PLP and DM20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Somayajulu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Denise A Bessert
- Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Wayne State University School of Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | | | - Robert P Skoff
- Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Pedata F, Dettori I, Coppi E, Melani A, Fusco I, Corradetti R, Pugliese AM. Purinergic signalling in brain ischemia. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:105-30. [PMID: 26581499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time. After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular glutamate is followed by activation of resident immune cells, i.e microglia, and production or activation of inflammation mediators. Protracted neuroinflammation is now recognized as the predominant mechanism of secondary brain injury progression. Extracellular concentrations of ATP and adenosine in the brain increase dramatically during ischemia in concentrations able to stimulate their respective specific P2 and P1 receptors. Both ATP P2 and adenosine P1 receptor subtypes exert important roles in ischemia. Although adenosine exerts a clear neuroprotective effect through A1 receptors during ischemia, the use of selective A1 agonists is hampered by undesirable peripheral effects. Evidence up to now in literature indicate that A2A receptor antagonists provide protection centrally by reducing excitotoxicity, while agonists at A2A (and possibly also A2B) and A3 receptors provide protection by controlling massive infiltration and neuroinflammation in the hours and days after brain ischemia. Among P2X receptors most evidence indicate that P2X7 receptor contribute to the damage induced by the ischemic insult due to intracellular Ca(2+) loading in central cells and facilitation of glutamate release. Antagonism of P2X7 receptors might represent a new treatment to attenuate brain damage and to promote proliferation and maturation of brain immature resident cells that can promote tissue repair following cerebral ischemia. Among P2Y receptors, antagonists of P2Y12 receptors are of value because of their antiplatelet activity and possibly because of additional anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover strategies that modify adenosine or ATP concentrations at injury sites might be of value to limit damage after ischemia. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dettori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Melani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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10
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Unpredictable Chronic Stress Alters Adenosine Metabolism in Zebrafish Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2518-28. [PMID: 26081145 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress is considered a risk factor for several human disorders. Despite the broad knowledge of stress responses in mammals, data on the relationship between unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) and its effects on purinergic signaling are limited. ATP hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases is an important source of adenosine, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contributes to the control of the nucleoside concentrations. Considering that some stress models could affect signaling systems, the objective of this study was to investigate whether UCS alters ectonucleotidase and ADA pathway in zebrafish brain. Additionally, we analyzed ATP metabolism as well as ada1, ada2.1, ada2.2, adaL, and adaasi gene expression in zebrafish brain. Our results have demonstrated that UCS did not alter ectonucleotidase and soluble ADA activities. However, ecto-ADA activity was significantly decreased (26.8%) in brain membranes of animals exposed to UCS when compared to the control group. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis did not show significant changes on ADA gene expression after the UCS exposure. The brain ATP metabolism showed a marked increase in adenosine levels (ADO) in animals exposed to UCS. These data suggest an increase on extracellular adenosine levels in zebrafish brain. Since this nucleoside has neuromodulatory and anxiolytic effects, changes in adenosine levels could play a role in counteracting the stress, which could be related to a compensatory mechanism in order to restore the homeostasis.
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11
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Appikatla S, Bessert D, Lee I, Hüttemann M, Mullins C, Somayajulu-Nitu M, Yao F, Skoff RP. Insertion of proteolipid protein into oligodendrocyte mitochondria regulates extracellular pH and adenosine triphosphate. Glia 2013; 62:356-73. [PMID: 24382809 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proteolipid protein (PLP) and DM20, the most abundant myelin proteins, are coded by the human PLP1 and non-human Plp1 PLP gene. Mutations in the PLP1 gene cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) with duplications of the native PLP1 gene accounting for 70% of PLP1 mutations. Humans with PLP1 duplications and mice with extra Plp1 copies have extensive neuronal degeneration. The mechanism that causes neuronal degeneration is unknown. We show that native PLP traffics to mitochondria when the gene is duplicated in mice and in humans. This report is the first demonstration of a specific cellular defect in brains of PMD patients; it validates rodent models as ideal models to study PMD. Insertion of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins requires specific import pathways; we show that specific cysteine motifs, part of the Mia40/Erv1 mitochondrial import pathway, are present in PLP and are required for its insertion into mitochondria. Insertion of native PLP into mitochondria of transfected cells acidifies media, partially due to increased lactate; it also increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the media. The same abnormalities are found in the extracellular space of mouse brains with extra copies of Plp1. These physiological abnormalities are preventable by mutations in PLP cysteine motifs, a hallmark of the Mia40/Erv1 pathway. Increased extracellular ATP and acidosis lead to neuronal degeneration. Our findings may be the mechanism by which microglia are activated and proinflammatory molecules are upregulated in Plp1 transgenic mice (Tatar et al. (2010) ASN Neuro 2:art:e00043). Manipulation of this metabolic pathway may restore normal metabolism and provide therapy for PMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Appikatla
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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12
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Alvarez-Fischer D, Noelker C, Grünewald A, Vulinović F, Guerreiro S, Fuchs J, Lu L, Lombès A, Hirsch EC, Oertel WH, Michel PP, Hartmann A. Probenecid potentiates MPTP/MPP+toxicity by interference with cellular energy metabolism. J Neurochem 2013; 127:782-92. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Fischer
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Department of Neurology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany. Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany. Department of Psychiatry; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Carmen Noelker
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Department of Neurology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Franca Vulinović
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Serge Guerreiro
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Collège de France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB); CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050; Paris France
| | - Lixia Lu
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Department of Neurology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Anne Lombès
- Institut Cochin; INSERM UMRS 1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Etienne C. Hirsch
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
| | | | - Patrick P. Michel
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 975 - UMR 7725; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Inserm U 975; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- ICM; Therapeutique Experimentale de la Neurodegenerescence; Paris France
- Department of Neurology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany. Département de Neurologie; Pôle des Maladies du Système Nerveux; Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
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Astrocytic P2Y(1) receptor is involved in the regulation of cytokine/chemokine transcription and cerebral damage in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:1930-41. [PMID: 21487414 PMCID: PMC3185880 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
After brain ischemia, significant amounts of adenosine 5'-triphosphate are released or leaked from damaged cells, thus activating purinergic receptors in the central nervous system. A number of P2X/P2Y receptors have been implicated in ischemic conditions, but to date the P2Y(1) receptor (P2Y(1)R) has not been implicated in cerebral ischemia. In this study, we found that the astrocytic P2Y(1)R, via phosphorylated-RelA (p-RelA), has a negative effect during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Intracerebroventricular administration of the P2Y(1)R agonist, MRS 2365, led to an increase in cerebral infarct volume 72 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Administration of the P2Y(1)R antagonist, MRS 2179, significantly decreased infarct volume and led to recovered motor coordination. The effects of MRS 2179 occurred within 24 hours of tMCAO, and also markedly reduced the expression of p-RelA and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and interferon-inducible protein-10/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) mRNA. P2Y(1)R and p-RelA were colocalized in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes, and an increase in infarct volume after MRS 2365 treatment was inhibited by the nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. These results provide evidence that the P2Y(1)R expressed in cortical astrocytes may help regulate the cytokine/chemokine response after tMCAO/reperfusion through a p-RelA-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Abstract
The immunocytes microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) were reported to play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. As a member of P2 receptors family, purinoceptor P2Y6 has attracted much attention recently. Previous studies showed that purinoceptor P2Y6 mainly contributed to microglia activation and their later phagocytosis in CNS, while in immune system, it participated in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 from monocytes and macrocytes. So there raises a question: whether purinoceptor P2Y6 also takes part in neuroinflammation? Thus, this review mainly concerns about the properties and roles of purinoceptor P2Y6, including (1) structure of purinoceptor P2Y6; (2) distribution and properties of purinoceptor P2Y6; (3) relationships between purinoceptor P2Y6 and microglia; (4) relationships between purinoceptor P2Y6 and immunoinflammation. Itos proposed that purinoceptor P2Y6 may play a role in neuroinflammation in CNS, although further research is still required.
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