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Mao Y, Zhao K, Chen N, Fu Q, Zhou Y, Kong C, Li P, Yang C. A 2-decade bibliometric analysis of epigenetics of cardiovascular disease: from past to present. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:184. [PMID: 38007493 PMCID: PMC10676610 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major health killer worldwide, and the role of epigenetic regulation in CVD has been widely studied in recent decades. Herein, we perform a bibliometric study to decipher how research topics in this field have evolved during the past 2 decades. RESULTS Publications on epigenetics in CVD produced during the period 2000-2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We utilized Bibliometrix to build a science map of the publications and applied VOSviewer and CiteSpace to assess co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling. In total, 27,762 publications were included for bibliometric analysis. The yearly amount of publications experienced exponential growth. The top 3 most influential countries were China, the United States, and Germany, while the most cited institutions were Nanjing Medical University, Harbin Medical University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Four major research trends were identified: (a) epigenetic mechanisms of CVD; (b) epigenetics-based therapies for CVD; (c) epigenetic profiles of specific CVDs; and (d) epigenetic biomarkers for CVD diagnosis/prediction. The latest and most important research topics, including "nlrp3 inflammasome", "myocardial injury", and "reperfusion injury", were determined by detecting citation bursts of co-occurring keywords. The most cited reference was a review of the current knowledge about how miRNAs recognize target genes and modulate their expression and function. CONCLUSIONS The number and impact of global publications on epigenetics in CVD have expanded rapidly over time. Our findings may provide insights into the epigenetic basis of CVD pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of General Practice, Clinical Research Center for General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chuiyu Kong
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Akhtar MS, Alavudeen SS, Raza A, Imam MT, Almalki ZS, Tabassum F, Iqbal MJ. Current understanding of structural and molecular changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2023; 332:122087. [PMID: 37714373 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic Mellitus has been characterized as the most prevalent disease throughout the globe associated with the serious morbidity and mortality of vital organs. Cardiomyopathy is the major leading complication of diabetes and within this, myocardial dysfunction or failure is the leading cause of the emergency hospital admission. The review is aimed to comprehend the perspectives associated with diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. The data was collected from several electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, ACS publication, PubMed, Springer, etc. using the keywords such as diabetes and its associated complication, the prevalence of diabetes, the anatomical and physiological mechanism of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, the molecular mechanism of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, oxidative stress, and inflammatory stress, etc. The collected scientific data was screened by different experts based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. This review findings revealed that diabetes is associated with inefficient substrate utilization, inability to increase glucose metabolism and advanced glycation end products within the diabetic heart resulting in mitochondrial uncoupling, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and initially subclinical cardiac dysfunction and finally in overt heart failure. Furthermore, several factors such as hypertension, overexpression of renin angiotensin system, hypertrophic obesity, etc. have been seen as majorly associated with cardiomyopathy. The molecular examination showed biochemical disability and generation of the varieties of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines and becomes are the substantial causes of cardiomyopathy. This review provides a better understanding of the involved pathophysiology and offers an open platform for discussing and targeting therapy in alleviating diabetes-induced early heart failure or cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Fara, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sirajudeen S Alavudeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Fara, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private College, Al Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Vision College, Ishbilia, Riyadh 13226-3830, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Javid Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Atorvastatin Pretreatment Ameliorates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration through miR-146a/CXCR4 Signaling. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:863-873. [PMID: 34260048 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that atorvastatin (ATV) enhanced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migration, by a yet unknown mechanism. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is critical to cell migration and regulated by microRNA-146a (miR-146a). Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether ATV ameliorates MSCs migration through miR-146a/CXCR4 signaling. METHODS Expression of CXCR4 was evaluated by flow cytometry. Expression of miR-146a was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A transwell system was used to assess the migration ability of MSCs. Recruitment of systematically delivered MSCs to the infarcted heart was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Mimics of miR-146a were used in vitro, and miR-146a overexpression lentivirus was used in vivo, to assess the role of miR-146a in the migration ability of MSCs. RESULTS The results showed that ATV pretreatment in vitro upregulated CXCR4 and induced MSCs migration. In addition, flow cytometry demonstrated that miR-146a mimics suppressed CXCR4, and ATV pretreatment no longer ameliorated MSCs migration because of decreased CXCR4. In the AMI model, miR-146a-overexpressing MSCs increased infarct size and fibrosis. CONCLUSION The miR-146a/CXCR4 signaling pathway contributes to MSCs migration and homing induced by ATV pretreatment. miR-146a may be a novel therapeutic target for stimulating MSCs migration to the ischemic tissue for improved repair.
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miRNA-103 promotes chondrocyte apoptosis by down-regulation of Sphingosine kinase-1 and ameliorates PI3K/AKT pathway in osteoarthritis. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220831. [PMID: 31652455 PMCID: PMC6822578 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of miRNA-103 on chondrocyte apoptosis and molecular mechanisms in osteoarthritis (OA) progression. METHODS The cell proliferation, apoptosis, and recovery ability were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and wound healing assays. The interaction of miRNA-103 and Sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) were determined by using luciferase reporter assay. The expression of mRNA and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. OA rat model was established by surgery stimulation. RESULTS miRNA-103 expression was significantly increased in the cartilage of OA patients and surgery-induced OA rat models. miRNA-103 transfection into primary rat chondrocytes reduced SPHK1 expression, induced apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and impeded scratch assay wound closure. Moreover, expression of total AKT, and p-AKT were significantly reduced in miRNA-103-overexpressing chondrocytes while SPHK1 up-regulation increased the expression of phosphatidylinsitol-3-kinase (PI3K) and p-AKT, and reversed the proliferation suppression induced by the miRNA-103 mimic. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that miRNA-103 contributes to chondrocyte apoptosis, promoting OA progression by down-regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway through the reduction in SPHK1 activity.
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms, detrimental effects of conventional treatment, and beneficial effects of natural therapy. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 24:279-299. [PMID: 30349977 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTARCT Diabetic complications are among the largely exigent health problems currently. Cardiovascular complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), account for more than 80% of diabetic deaths. Investigators are exploring new therapeutic targets to slow or abate diabetes because of the growing occurrence and augmented risk of deaths due to its complications. Research on rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the use of genetic engineering techniques in mice and rats have significantly sophisticated for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in human DCM. DCM is featured by pathophysiological mechanisms that are hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, left ventricular hypertrophy, damaged left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, myocardial fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, myocyte cell death, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. A number of molecular and cellular pathways, such as cardiac ubiquitin proteasome system, FoxO transcription factors, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, polyol pathway, protein kinase C signaling, NF-κB signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, Nrf2 pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and micro RNAs, play a major role in DCM. Currently, there are a few drugs for the management of DCM and some of them have considerable adverse effects. So, researchers are focusing on the natural products to ameliorate it. Hence, in this review, we discuss the pathogical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of DCM; the current diagnostic methods and treatments; adverse effects of conventional treatment; and beneficial effects of natural product-based therapeutics, which may pave the way to new treatment strategies. Graphical Abstract.
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Procházka V, Jurčíková J, Vítková K, Pavliska L, Porubová L, Lassák O, Buszman P, Fernandez CA, Jalůvka F, Špačková I, Lochman I, Procházka M, Janíková M, Tauber Z, Franková J, Lachnit M, Hiles MC, Johnstone BH. The Role of miR-126 in Critical Limb Ischemia Treatment Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapeutic Factor Concentrate and Extracellular Matrix Microparticles. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:511-522. [PMID: 29371587 PMCID: PMC5795917 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracrine factors secreted by adipose-derived stem cells can be captured, fractionated, and concentrated to produce therapeutic factor concentrate (TFC). The present study examined whether TFC effects could be enhanced by combining TFC with a biological matrix to provide sustained release of factors in the target region. MATERIAL AND METHODS Unilateral hind limb ischemia was induced in rabbits. Ischemic limbs were injected with either placebo control, TFC, micronized small intestinal submucosa tissue (SIS), or TFC absorbed to SIS. Blood flow in both limbs was assessed with laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Tissues harvested at Day 48 were assessed immunohistochemically for vessel density; in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to determine miR-126 expression. RESULTS LDP ratios were significantly elevated, compared to placebo control, on day 28 in all treatment groups (p=0.0816, p=0.0543, p=0.0639, for groups 2-4, respectively) and on day 36 in the TFC group (p=0.0866). This effect correlated with capillary density in the SIS and TFC+SIS groups (p=0.0093 and p=0.0054, respectively, compared to placebo). A correlation was observed between miR-126 levels and LDP levels at 48 days in SIS and TFC+SIS groups. CONCLUSIONS A single bolus administration of TFC and SIS had early, transient effects on reperfusion and promotion of ischemia repair. The effects were not additive. We also discovered that TFC modulated miR-126 levels that were expressed in cell types other than endothelial cells. These data suggested that TFC, alone or in combination with SIS, may be a potent therapy for patients with CLI that are at risk of amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Procházka
- Radiodiagnostic Institute, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jurčíková
- Department of Deputy Director of Science and Research, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vítková
- Department of Deputy Director of Science and Research, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pavliska
- Department of Deputy Director of Science and Research, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - František Jalůvka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Martin Procházka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Janíková
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Franková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lachnit
- Department of Deputy Director of Science and Research, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Activation of miR-34a-5p/Sirt1/p66shc pathway contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11879. [PMID: 28928469 PMCID: PMC5605522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity have not been well elucidated. MiRNAs were revealed dysregulated in the myocardium and plasma of rats received Dox treatment. MicroRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p) was verified increased in the myocardium and plasma of Dox-treated rats, but was reversed in rats received Dox plus DEX treatments. Human miR-34a-5p was also observed increased in the plasma of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after 9- and 16-week epirubicin therapy. Up-regulation of miR-34a-5p was observed in Dox-induced rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. MiR-34a-5p could augment Bax expression, but inhibited Bcl-2 expression, along with the increases of the activated caspase-3 and mitochondrial potentials in H9C2 cells. MiR-34a-5p was verified to modulate Sirt1 expression post-transcriptionally. In parallel to Sirt1 siRNA, miR-34a-5p could enhance p66shc expression, accompanied by increases of Bax and the activated caspase-3 and a decrease of Bcl-2 in H9c2 cells. Moreover, enforced expression of Sirt1 alleviated Dox-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells, with suppressing levels of p66shc, Bax, the activated caspase-3 and miR-34a-5p, and enhancing Bcl-2 expression. Therefore, miR-34a-5p enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting Sirt1, activation of miR-34a-5p/Sirt1/p66shc pathway contributes to Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and blockage of this pathway represents a potential cardioprotective effect against anthracyclines.
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Abstract
More than 20% of adults worldwide experience different types of chronic pain, which are frequently associated with several comorbidities and a decrease in quality of life. Several approved painkillers are available, but current analgesics are often hampered by insufficient efficacy and/or severe adverse effects. Consequently, novel strategies for safe, highly efficacious treatments are highly desirable, particularly for chronic pain. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) strongly affect the regulation of gene expression, potentially for long periods over years or even generations, and have been associated with pathophysiological pain. Several studies, mostly in animals, revealed that inhibitors of DNA methylation, activators and inhibitors of histone modification and modulators of miRNAs reverse a number of pathological changes in the pain epigenome, which are associated with altered expression of pain-relevant genes. This epigenetic modulation might then reduce the nociceptive response and provide novel therapeutic options for analgesic therapy of chronic pain states. However, a number of challenges, such as nonspecific effects and poor delivery to target cells and tissues, hinder the rapid development of such analgesics. In this Review, we critically summarize data on epigenetics and pain, focusing on challenges in clinical development as well as possible new approaches to the drug modulation of the pain epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit (ZAFES), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eduard Resch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group for Translational Medicine &Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group for Translational Medicine &Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit (ZAFES), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group for Translational Medicine &Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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MiRNA-29c regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy by targeting tristetraprolin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2314. [PMID: 28539664 PMCID: PMC5443806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of Diabetes mellitus, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. This study was designed to determine the role of tristetraprolin (TTP), inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs) in DN. The blood and urine samples were obtained from 32 patients with DN, 33 patients with type 2 DM, and 35 normal healthy subjects as controls. Renal tissue samples were also obtained from 10 DN patients and 10 normal controls. The miRNA microarray analyses were performed in pooled plasma and urine sediment samples of eight DN patients and eight age- and sex-matched health control subjects and three paired renal tissues from patients with DN and normal controls. Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5) were used a cell model. The expressions of TTP and cytokines in patient samples and cultured cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting or ELISA. Our results indicated that miRNA-29c directly targeted TTP and promoted inflammatory response under hyperglycemic conditions. Overexpression of miRNA-29c in podocytes resulted in an increase in inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of miRNA-29c by using its inhibitor reduced the inflammatory cytokines in podocytes. Finally, miRNA-29c promoted the progression of DN by targeting TTP, providing a target for a therapeutic intervention of DN.
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Kendle AP, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. The role of microRNAs in cardiac development and regenerative capacity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H528-41. [PMID: 26702142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00181.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart has long been considered to be a postmitotic organ. It was thought that, in the postnatal period, the heart underwent a transition from hyperplasic growth (more cells) to hypertrophic growth (larger cells) due to the conversion of cardiomyocytes from a proliferative state to one of terminal differentiation. This hypothesis was gradually disproven, as data were published showing that the myocardium is a more dynamic tissue in which cardiomyocyte karyokinesis and cytokinesis produce new cells, leading to the hyperplasic regeneration of some of the muscle mass lost in various pathological processes. microRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation and may offer the novel opportunity of regenerative hyperplasic therapy. Here we summarize the relevant processes and recent progress regarding the functions of specific microRNAs in cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Andrew P Kendle
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Williams RD, Kendle AP, Steuerwald NM, Bridges CR. MiRNAs as potential molecular targets in heart failure. Future Cardiol 2015; 10:789-800. [PMID: 25495820 DOI: 10.2217/fca.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of heart diseases is associated with an altered expression profile of hundreds of genes. miRNAs are a newly identified layer of gene regulation operating at the post-transcriptional level by pairing to complementary base sequences in target mRNAs. Genetic data have identified the roles of miRNAs in basic pathological processes associated with heart failure: apoptosis, fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling. Many reports demonstrated that aberrantly expressed miRNAs and their modulation have effects on cardiac insufficiency. Here, we overview the advances in miRNAs as potential targets in the modulation of the heart failure phenotype. miRNA-based therapy holds great promise as a future strategy for treating heart diseases and identifying emerging signaling pathways responsible for the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately 20 % of adults worldwide and is often associated with a decrease in the quality of life and various comorbidities. Conventional analgesic therapies are frequently insufficient and sometimes lead to severe side effects. Therefore, great efforts are still being made to elucidate the signalling pathways in pain and to develop new, safe and effective therapies. Epigenetic mechanisms which interfere with the regulation of gene expression are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases and are gaining increasing impetus in medical research. As they are also involved in pain processing, a modulation of these mechanisms might represent a novel option for the therapy of pain patients.
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13
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Buraczynska M, Zukowski P, Wacinski P, Ksiazek K, Zaluska W. Polymorphism in microRNA-196a2 contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:617-20. [PMID: 24972764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of the microRNA-196a2 gene polymorphism (rs11614913) on risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS We examined 920 patients with diabetes and 834 healthy controls. All subjects were genotyped for the miRNA-196a2 SNP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis. RESULTS The genotype distribution among controls and patients was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.227 and 0.308, respectively). The frequency of the T allele was lower in patients than in controls (p=0.044). The odds ratio 0.66 (95% CI 0.54-0.79) suggests an association of the T allele with decreased risk of T2DM. For the main purpose of the study, T2DM patients were stratified into patients with CVD and those without it. The T allele and TT genotype were significantly more frequent in patients with CVD compared to those without CVD (p=0.013, p<0.001, respectively). The odds ratio for the T allele in the CVD+subgroup vs. CVD- was 1.76 (1.35-2.30), p<0.0001, mostly due to the overrepresentation of TT homozygotes. The highest risk of development of CVD was observed in the additive model for TT homozygotes (OR 3.33, 95% CI 2.05-5.42, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that miRNA-196a2 T/C polymorphism (rs11614913) is associated with an increased risk of CVD in type 2 diabetes patients. This provides further insights on pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Zukowski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wacinski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ksiazek
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zaluska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Feng HJ, Ouyang W, Liu JH, Sun YG, Hu R, Huang LH, Xian JL, Jing CF, Zhou MJ. Global microRNA profiles and signaling pathways in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:361-8. [PMID: 24728214 PMCID: PMC4075303 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20142937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy is a major predictor of progressive heart disease and has an adverse
prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that accumulate during the course of cardiac
hypertrophy may participate in the process. However, the nature of any interaction
between a hypertrophy-specific signaling pathway and aberrant expression of miRNAs
remains unclear. In this study, Spague Dawley male rats were treated with transverse
aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to mimic pathological hypertrophy. Hearts were
isolated from TAC and sham operated rats (n=5 for each group at 5, 10, 15, and 20
days after surgery) for miRNA microarray assay. The miRNAs dysexpressed during
hypertrophy were further analyzed using a combination of bioinformatics algorithms in
order to predict possible targets. Increased expression of the target genes
identified in diverse signaling pathways was also analyzed. Two sets of miRNAs were
identified, showing different expression patterns during hypertrophy. Bioinformatics
analysis suggested the miRNAs may regulate multiple hypertrophy-specific signaling
pathways by targeting the member genes and the interaction of miRNA and mRNA might
form a network that leads to cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the multifold changes
in several miRNAs suggested that upregulation of rno-miR-331*, rno-miR-3596b,
rno-miR-3557-5p and downregulation of rno-miR-10a, miR-221, miR-190, miR-451 could be
seen as biomarkers of prognosis in clinical therapy of heart failure. This study
described, for the first time, a potential mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy involving
multiple signaling pathways that control up- and downregulation of miRNAs. It
represents a first step in the systematic discovery of miRNA function in
cardiovascular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Feng
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Ouyang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J H Liu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y G Sun
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Hu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L H Huang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J L Xian
- Zhujiang Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C F Jing
- National Engineering Research Center, South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M J Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center, South China Sea Marine Biotechnology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Abstract
In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic and now represents one of the most prevalent disorders. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. While ischaemic events dominate the cardiac complications of diabetes, it is widely recognised that the risk for developing heart failure is also increased in the absence of overt myocardial ischaemia and hypertension or is accelerated in the presence of these comorbidities. These diabetes-associated changes in myocardial structure and function have been called diabetic cardiomyopathy. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy following analysis of various animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes and in genetically modified mouse models. The steady increase in reports presenting novel mechanistic data on this subject expands the list of potential underlying mechanisms. The current review provides an update on molecular alterations that may contribute to the structural and functional alterations in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 108 CMAB, 451 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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16
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Brennan EP, Nolan KA, Börgeson E, Gough OS, McEvoy CM, Docherty NG, Higgins DF, Murphy M, Sadlier DM, Ali-Shah ST, Guiry PJ, Savage DA, Maxwell AP, Martin F, Godson C. Lipoxins attenuate renal fibrosis by inducing let-7c and suppressing TGFβR1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:627-37. [PMID: 23520204 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins, which are endogenously produced lipid mediators, promote the resolution of inflammation, and may inhibit fibrosis, suggesting a possible role in modulating renal disease. Here, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of fibronectin, N-cadherin, thrombospondin, and the notch ligand jagged-1 in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells through a mechanism involving upregulation of the microRNA let-7c. Conversely, TGF-β1 suppressed expression of let-7c. In cells pretreated with LXA4, upregulation of let-7c persisted despite subsequent stimulation with TGF-β1. In the unilateral ureteral obstruction model of renal fibrosis, let-7c upregulation was induced by administering an LXA4 analog. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that targets of let-7c include several members of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, including the TGF-β receptor type 1. Consistent with this, LXA4-induced upregulation of let-7c inhibited both the expression of TGF-β receptor type 1 and the response to TGF-β1. Overexpression of let-7c mimicked the antifibrotic effects of LXA4 in renal epithelia; conversely, anti-miR directed against let-7c attenuated the effects of LXA4. Finally, we observed that several let-7c target genes were upregulated in fibrotic human renal biopsies compared with controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that LXA4-mediated upregulation of let-7c suppresses TGF-β1-induced fibrosis and that expression of let-7c targets is dysregulated in human renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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MicroRNA-27a Regulates Cardiomyocytic Apoptosis During Cardioplegia-Induced Cardiac Arrest by Targeting Interleukin 10–Related Pathways. Shock 2012; 38:607-14. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318271f944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kynast KL, Russe OQ, Möser CV, Geisslinger G, Niederberger E. Modulation of central nervous system-specific microRNA-124a alters the inflammatory response in the formalin test in mice. Pain 2012; 154:368-376. [PMID: 23318130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have been linked to a number of disease-related signal transduction pathways. Several studies indicate that they are also involved in nociception. It is not clear, however, which miRNAs are important and which genes are modulated by miRNA-associated mechanisms. This study focuses on the regulation and function of the central nervous system (CNS)-specific miRNA-124a in the spinal cord of mice in a formalin model of inflammatory nociception. miRNA-124a is constitutively expressed in the spinal cord of mice, particularly in neurons of the dorsal horn. Peripheral noxious stimulation with formalin led to significant down-regulation of its expression. Knock-down of miRNA-124a by intravenous administration of a specific miRNA-124a inhibitor further increased the nociceptive behavior associated with an upregulation of the pain-relevant miRNA-124a target MeCP2 and proinflammatory marker genes. In contrast, administration of a miRNA-124a mimic counteracted these effects and decreased nociception by down-regulation of the target gene. In conclusion, our results indicate that miRNA-124a is involved in inflammatory nociception by regulation of relevant target proteins and might therefore constitute a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina L Kynast
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Asrih M, Steffens S. Emerging role of epigenetics and miRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012; 22:117-25. [PMID: 22951386 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension is increasing rapidly in diabetic patients. Thus, this pathophysiology has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity termed "diabetic cardiomyopathy." Several studies support the notion that diabetes is a threatening insult for the myocardium resulting in functional, cellular, and structural changes manifesting as a cardiac myopathy. Recent data suggested that epigenetics including DNA and histone modifications as well as microRNAs play an important role in the development of cardiac diseases. The role of epigenetics in diabetes is largely recognized; however, its role in diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy remains elusive. Thus, molecular, cellular, and functional modulations in the diabetic cardiomyopathy will be investigated in this review. Moreover, particular attention will be drawn on the epigenetic mechanisms that may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asrih
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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20
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Caruso P, Dempsie Y, Stevens HC, McDonald RA, Long L, Lu R, White K, Mair KM, McClure JD, Southwood M, Upton P, Xin M, van Rooij E, Olson EN, Morrell NW, MacLean MR, Baker AH. A role for miR-145 in pulmonary arterial hypertension: evidence from mouse models and patient samples. Circ Res 2012; 111:290-300. [PMID: 22715469 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.267591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite improved understanding of the underlying genetics, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a severe disease. Extensive remodeling of small pulmonary arteries, including proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), characterizes PAH. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been shown to play a role in vascular remodeling. OBJECTIVE We assessed the role of miR-145 in PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS We localized miR-145 in mouse lung to smooth muscle. Using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated increased expression of miR-145 in wild-type mice exposed to hypoxia. PAH was evaluated in miR-145 knockout and mice treated with anti-miRs via measurement of systolic right ventricular pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and percentage of remodeled pulmonary arteries. miR-145 deficiency and anti-miR-mediated reduction resulted in significant protection from the development of PAH. In contrast, miR-143 anti-miR had no effect. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of miR-145 in lung tissue of patients with idiopathic and heritable PAH compared with unaffected control subjects and demonstrated expression of miR-145 in SMC of remodeled vessels from such patients. Finally, we show elevated levels of miR-145 expression in primary PASMCs cultured from patients with BMPR2 mutations and also in the lungs of BMPR2-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS miR-145 is dysregulated in mouse models of PAH. Downregulation of miR-145 protects against the development of PAH. In patient samples of heritable PAH and idiopathic PAH, miR-145 is expressed in remodeled vessels and mutations in BMPR2 lead to upregulation of miR-145 in mice and PAH patients. Manipulation of miR-145 may represent a novel strategy in PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caruso
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Fu J, Peng C, Wang W, Jin H, Tang Q, Wei X. Let-7 g is involved in doxorubicin induced myocardial injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:312-317. [PMID: 22301161 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether let-7 g (miRNA) was involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS Rats were treated with doxorubicin at increasing doses (0mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, 18 mg/kg). Heart rate, pulse pressure and plasma cardiac troponin T concentrations were measured. Primary cultured myocardial cells were incubated with DOX at increasing concentrations (0 μmol/l, 0.004 μmol/l, 0.02 μmol/l, 0.1 μmol/l, 0.5 μmol/l) for 24h. Cellular viability and the beat frequency were measured. For both rats and cultured cells, miRNA content was measured by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS All DOX-treated rats had a decrease in heart rate, an increase in pulse pressure compared with control group after injections (p<0.05). Concentration of cTnT was increased significantly in 18 mg/kg group. Content of let-7 g decreased significantly (p<0.05) in 18 mg/kg group in vivo and all the doxorubicin treated group in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The down regulation of let-7 g in the myocardial-injury model suggests that let-7 g may play an important role in the development of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
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22
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Babiarz JE, Ravon M, Sridhar S, Ravindran P, Swanson B, Bitter H, Weiser T, Chiao E, Certa U, Kolaja KL. Determination of the human cardiomyocyte mRNA and miRNA differentiation network by fine-scale profiling. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1956-65. [PMID: 22050602 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the molecular regulation of human heart development, a detailed comparison of the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes across differentiating human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and biopsies from fetal, adult, and hypertensive human hearts was performed. Gene ontology analysis of the mRNA expression levels of the hiPSCs differentiating into cardiomyocytes revealed 3 distinct groups of genes: pluripotent specific, transitional cardiac specification, and mature cardiomyocyte specific. Hierarchical clustering of the mRNA data revealed that the transcriptome of hiPSC cardiomyocytes largely stabilizes 20 days after initiation of differentiation. Nevertheless, analysis of cells continuously cultured for 120 days indicated that the cardiomyocytes continued to mature toward a more adult-like gene expression pattern. Analysis of cardiomyocyte-specific miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133a/b, and miR-208a/b) revealed an miRNA pattern indicative of stem cell to cardiomyocyte specification. A biostatistitical approach integrated the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles revealing a cardiomyocyte differentiation miRNA network and identified putative mRNAs targeted by multiple miRNAs. Together, these data reveal the miRNA network in human heart development and support the notion that overlapping miRNA networks re-enforce transcriptional control during developmental specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Babiarz
- Nonclinical Safety, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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23
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Caputo V, Sinibaldi L, Fiorentino A, Parisi C, Catalanotto C, Pasini A, Cogoni C, Pizzuti A. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is regulated by microRNAs miR-26a and miR-26b allele-specific binding. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28656. [PMID: 22194877 PMCID: PMC3237476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays an essential role in neuronal development and plasticity. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of about 22-nucleotides in length regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level. In this study we explore the role of miRNAs as post-transcriptional inhibitors of BDNF and the effect of 3′UTR sequence variations on miRNAs binding capacity. Using an in silico approach we identified a group of miRNAs putatively regulating BDNF expression and binding to BDNF 3′UTR polymorphic sequences. Luciferase assays demonstrated that these miRNAs (miR-26a1/2 and miR-26b) downregulates BDNF expression and that the presence of the variant alleles of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11030100 and rs11030099) mapping in BDNF 3′UTR specifically abrogates miRNAs targeting. Furthermore we found a high linkage disequilibrium rate between rs11030100, rs11030099 and the non-synonymous coding variant rs6265 (Val66Met), which modulates BDNF mRNA localization and protein intracellular trafficking. Such observation led to hypothesize that miR-26s mediated regulation could extend to rs6265 leading to an allelic imbalance with potentially functional effects, such as peptide's localization and activity-dependent secretion. Since rs6265 has been previously implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders, we evaluated the distribution of rs11030100, rs11030099 and rs6265 both in a control and schizophrenic group, but no significant difference in allele frequencies emerged. In conclusion, in the present study we identified two novel miRNAs regulating BDNF expression and the first BDNF 3′UTR functional variants altering miRNAs-BDNF binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
Personalized medicine is a broad and rapidly advancing field of health care that is informed by each person's unique clinical, genetic, genomic, and environmental information. Personalized medicine depends on multidisciplinary health care teams and integrated technologies (e.g., clinical decision support) to utilize our molecular understanding of disease in order to optimize preventive health care strategies. Human genome information now allows providers to create optimized care plans at every stage of a disease, shifting the focus from reactive to preventive health care. The further integration of personalized medicine into the clinical workflow requires overcoming several barriers in education, accessibility, regulation, and reimbursement. This review focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of personalized medicine, from scientific discovery at the laboratory bench to integration of these novel ways of understanding human biology at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Chan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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25
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Zile MR, Mehurg SM, Arroyo JE, Stroud RE, DeSantis SM, Spinale FG. Relationship between the temporal profile of plasma microRNA and left ventricular remodeling in patients after myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:614-9. [PMID: 21956146 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.959841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that recognize and bind to mRNAs and inhibit protein translation or degrade mRNA. Studies in animal models have suggested that miRs play a translational or posttranslational regulatory role in myocardial growth, fibrosis, viability, and remodeling. However, whether specific temporal changes in miRs occur in patients during the left ventricular (LV) remodeling process that follows a myocardial infarction (post-MI) remains unknown. The current pilot study tested the hypotheses that plasma miRs could be reliably measured in post-MI patients and that there is a relationship between temporal changes in specific miRs and post-MI LV structural remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS LV end-diastolic volume (echocardiography) and plasma miR were measured in age-matched referent controls (CTLs, n=12) and post-MI patients (n=12) from day 2 through day 90 post-MI. Selected miRs (miR-1, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-133a, and miR-208) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and normalized for endogenous small nuclear RNA U6. After MI, LV end-diastolic volume increased progressively compared with CTL; this was accompanied by time-dependent changes in specific miRs. For example, miR-21 initially decreased 2 days post-MI (0.3 ± 0.1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05), increased 5 days post-MI (2 ± 1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05), and returned to CTL values at later post-MI time points. In contrast, miR-29a increased 5 days post-MI (4 ± 1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05) and then decreased to CTL at later time points. miR-208 increased 5 days post-MI (3 ± 1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05) and remained elevated up to 90 days post-MI. CONCLUSIONS A time-dependent change in miRs occurred in post-MI patients, including an early and robust increase in miRs that has affected myocardial growth, fibrosis, and viability. Thus, serially profiling miRs in the plasma of post-MI patients may hold both mechanistic and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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26
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Niederberger E, Kynast K, Lötsch J, Geisslinger G. MicroRNAs as new players in the pain game. Pain 2011; 152:1455-1458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Boucher JM, Peterson SM, Urs S, Zhang C, Liaw L. The miR-143/145 cluster is a novel transcriptional target of Jagged-1/Notch signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28312-21. [PMID: 21685392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Notch signaling by Jagged-1 (Jag-1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) promotes a differentiated phenotype characterized by increased expression of contractile proteins. Recent studies show that microRNAs (miR)-143/145 regulates VSMC phenotype. The serum response factor (SRF)/myocardin complex binds to CArG sequences to activate miR-143/145 transcription, but no other regulators are known in VSMC. Using miR arrays, we found miR-143/145 induced following expression of a constitutively active Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD). We hypothesized that miR-143/145 is required for Jag-1/Notch-induced VSMC differentiation. Activation of Notch receptors by Jag-1 caused CBF1-dependent up-regulation of miR-143/145, increased differentiation, and decreased proliferation. Conversely, inhibiting basal Notch signaling decreased steady state levels of miR-143/145. Using SRF knockdown, we found that Jag-1/Notch induction of miR-143/145 is SRF independent, although full acquisition of contractile markers requires SRF. Using miR-143/145 promoter reporter constructs we show Jag-1/Notch increases promoter activity, and this is dependent on intact CBF1 consensus sites within the promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that N1ICD-containing complexes bind to CBF1 sites in the miR-143/145 promoter. We also identified N1ICD complex binding to CBF1 sites within the endogenous human miR-143/145 promoter. Using miR-143/145-interfering oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that Jag-1/Notch signaling requires induction of both miR-143 and miR-145 to promote the VSMC contractile phenotype. Thus, miR-143/145 is a novel transcriptional target of Jag-1/Notch signaling in VSMC. We propose miR-143/145 as activated independently by Jag-1/Notch and SRF in parallel pathways. Multiple pathways converging on miR-143/145 provides potential for fine-tuning or amplification of VSMC differentiation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Boucher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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28
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Kaikkonen MU, Lam MT, Glass CK. Non-coding RNAs as regulators of gene expression and epigenetics. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:430-40. [PMID: 21558279 PMCID: PMC3096308 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies have revealed that mammalian genomes are pervasively transcribed. This has led to the identification and isolation of novel classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that influence gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Here we review the characteristics and functions of regulatory ncRNAs in chromatin remodelling and at multiple levels of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. We also describe the potential roles of ncRNAs in vascular biology and in mediating epigenetic modifications that might play roles in cardiovascular disease susceptibility. The emerging recognition of the diverse functions of ncRNAs in regulation of gene expression suggests that they may represent new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna U. Kaikkonen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine 1, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70120 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael T.Y. Lam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
- The Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
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29
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de Planell-Saguer M, Rodicio MC. Analytical aspects of microRNA in diagnostics: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 699:134-52. [PMID: 21704768 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short (∼22 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Their expression is specific to cells and tissues and is temporally regulated. miRNAs are known to be involved in developmental and physiological processes, and their dysregulation leads to development of diseases. Since their profiles reflect pathological processes, miRNAs have recently been proposed as being useful in diagnostics as biomarkers of the onset, prognosis and risk of diseases, as well as in the classification of different types of cancer. The establishment of miRNA profiles that are representative of diseases and the detection of different types and levels of miRNA in samples are therefore critical milestones in diagnostics. miRNAs can be detected in blood and body fluids as well as in tissues, thus making non-invasive collection of samples possible. For a method to be useful in diagnostics, it should be simple, inexpensive and highly sensitive. Here, we will review current methods of detecting miRNAs and indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each techniques. We will then summarize some of the clinical evidence for the potential application of miRNAs as biomarkers in diagnostics. We conclude providing some general perspectives on the use of miRNAs in clinical situations, including therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariàngels de Planell-Saguer
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Ciesla M, Skrzypek K, Kozakowska M, Loboda A, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. MicroRNAs as biomarkers of disease onset. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2051-61. [PMID: 21544542 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules with the ability to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression via targeting the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNAs. miRNAs are critical for normal cellular functions such as the regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis, and they target genes during embryonal and postnatal development, whereas their expression is unbalanced in various pathological states. Importantly, miRNAs are abundantly present in body fluids (e.g., blood), which are routinely examined in patients. These molecules circulate in free and exosome encapsulated forms, and can be efficiently detected and amplified by means of molecular biology tools such as real-time PCR. Together with relative stability, specificity, and reproducibility, they are seen as good candidates for early recognition of the onset of disease. Thus, miRNAs might be considered as biomarkers for many pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Ciesla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Long J, Wang Y, Wang W, Chang BHJ, Danesh FR. MicroRNA-29c is a signature microRNA under high glucose conditions that targets Sprouty homolog 1, and its in vivo knockdown prevents progression of diabetic nephropathy. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11837-48. [PMID: 21310958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.194969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several recent publications have suggested that microRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, the role of miRNAs in vivo still remains poorly understood. Using an integrated in vitro and in vivo comparative miRNA expression array, we identified miR-29c as a signature miRNA in the diabetic environment. We validated our profiling array data by examining miR-29c expression in the kidney glomeruli obtained from db/db mice in vivo and in kidney microvascular endothelial cells and podocytes treated with high glucose in vitro. Functionally, we found that miR-29c induces cell apoptosis and increases extracellular matrix protein accumulation. Indeed, forced expression of miR-29c strongly induced podocyte apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of miR-29c prevented high glucose-induced cell apoptosis. We also identified Sprouty homolog 1 (Spry1) as a direct target of miR-29c with a nearly perfect complementarity between miR-29c and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of mouse Spry1. Expression of miR-29c decreased the luciferase activity of Spry1 when co-transfected with the mouse Spry1 3'-UTR reporter construct. Overexpression of miR-29c decreased the levels of Spry1 protein and promoted activation of Rho kinase. Importantly, knockdown of miR-29c by a specific antisense oligonucleotide significantly reduced albuminuria and kidney mesangial matrix accumulation in the db/db mice model in vivo. These findings identify miR-29c as a novel target in diabetic nephropathy and provide new insights into the role of miR-29c in a previously unrecognized signaling cascade involving Spry1 and Rho kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyin Long
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Mukhopadhyay P, Mukherjee S, Ahsan K, Bagchi A, Pacher P, Das DK. Restoration of altered microRNA expression in the ischemic heart with resveratrol. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15705. [PMID: 21203465 PMCID: PMC3009730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, a constituent of red wine, is important for cardioprotection. MicroRNAs are known regulators for genes involved in resveratrol-mediated cardiac remodeling and the regulatory pathway involving microRNA has not been studied so far. METHODS We explored the cardioprotection by resveratrol in ischemia/reperfusion model of rat and determined cardiac functions. miRNA profile was determined from isolated RNA using quantitative Real-time PCR based array. Systemic analyses of miRNA array and theirs targets were determined using a number of computational approaches. RESULTS Cardioprotection by resveratrol and its derivative in ischemia/reperfusion [I/R] rat model was examined with miRNA expression profile. Unique expression pattern were found for each sample, particularly with resveratrol [pure compound] and longevinex [commercial resveratrol formulation] pretreated hearts. Longevinex and resveratrol pretreatment modulates the expression pattern of miRNAs close to the control level based on PCA analyses. Differential expression was observed in over 25 miRNAs, some of them, such as miR-21 were previously implicated in cardiac remodeling. The target genes for the differentially expressed miRNA include genes of various molecular function such as metal ion binding, sodium-potassium ion, transcription factors, which may play key role in reducing I/R injury. CONCLUSION Rats pretreated with resveratrol for 3 weeks leads to significant cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. A unique signature of miRNA profile is observed in control heart pretreated with resveratrol or longevinex. We have determined specific group of miRNA in heart that have altered during IR injuries. Most of those altered microRNA expressions modulated close to their basal level in resveratrol or longevinex treated I/R mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Hulsmans M, Holvoet P. The vicious circle between oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2009; 25:2515-27. [PMID: 19968738 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-181149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The initial event in atherogenesis is the increased transcytosis of low density lipoprotein, and its subsequent deposition, retention and modification in the subendothelium. It is followed by the infiltration of activated inflammatory cells from the coronary circulation into the arterial wall. There they secrete reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produce oxidized lipoproteins capable of inducing endothelial cell apoptosis, and thereby plaque erosion. Activated T lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells, accumulate in the eroded plaque where they secrete a variety of proteases capable of inducing degradation of extracellular proteins, thereby rendering the plaques more prone to rupture. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of the roles of ROS and oxidized lipoproteins in the activation of inflammatory cells and inducing signalling pathways related to cell death and apoptosis. In addition, it presents evidence that this vicious circle between oxidative stress and inflammation does not only occur in the diseased arterial wall, but also in adipose tissues. There, oxidative stress and inflammation impair adipocyte maturation resulting in defective insulin action and adipocytokine signalling. The latter is associated with increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, loss of anti-oxidant protection and cell death in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Hulsmans
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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