1
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Dause TJ, Denninger JK, Osap R, Walters AE, Rieskamp JD, Kirby ED. Autocrine VEGF drives neural stem cell proximity to the adult hippocampus vascular niche. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402659. [PMID: 38631901 PMCID: PMC11024344 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a key component of adult brain neural stem cell (NSC) niches. In the adult mammalian hippocampus, NSCs reside in close contact with a dense capillary network. How this niche is maintained is unclear. We recently found that adult hippocampal NSCs express VEGF, a soluble factor with chemoattractive properties for vascular endothelia. Here, we show that global and NSC-specific VEGF loss led to dissociation of NSCs and their intermediate progenitor daughter cells from local vasculature. Surprisingly, though, we found no changes in local vascular density. Instead, we found that NSC-derived VEGF supports maintenance of gene expression programs in NSCs and their progeny related to cell migration and adhesion. In vitro assays revealed that blockade of VEGF receptor 2 impaired NSC motility and adhesion. Our findings suggest that NSCs maintain their own proximity to vasculature via self-stimulated VEGF signaling that supports their motility towards and/or adhesion to local blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Dause
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiyeon K Denninger
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert Osap
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley E Walters
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua D Rieskamp
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kirby
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- https://ror.org/00rs6vg23 Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Murthi P, Kalionis B. Homeobox genes in the human placenta: Twists and turns on the path to find novel targets. Placenta 2024:S0143-4004(24)00284-4. [PMID: 38908943 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a clinically important human pregnancy disorder that is thought to originate early in pregnancy and while its aetiology is not well understood, the disorder is associated with placental insufficiency. Currently treatment for FGR is limited by increased surveillance using ultrasound monitoring and premature delivery, or corticosteroid medication in the third trimester to prolong pregnancy. There is a pressing need for novel strategies to detect and treat FGR at its early stage. Homeobox genes are well established as master regulators of early embryonic development and increasing evidence suggests they are also important in regulating early placental development. Most important is that specific homeobox genes are abnormally expressed in human FGR. This review focusses on identifying the molecular pathways controlled by homeobox genes in the normal and FGR-affected placenta. This information will begin to address the knowledge gap in the molecular aetiology of FGR and lay the foundation for identifying potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Abdollahi F, Saghatchi M, Paryab A, Malek Khachatourian A, Stephens ED, Toprak MS, Badv M. Angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering via ceramic scaffolds: A review of concepts and recent advancements. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213828. [PMID: 38479240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to organ donor shortages, long transplant waitlists, and the complications/limitations associated with auto and allotransplantation, biomaterials and tissue-engineered models are gaining attention as feasible alternatives for replacing and reconstructing damaged organs and tissues. Among various tissue engineering applications, bone tissue engineering has become a promising strategy to replace or repair damaged bone. We aimed to provide an overview of bioactive ceramic scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, focusing on angiogenesis and the effect of different biofunctionalization strategies. Different routes to angiogenesis, including chemical induction through signaling molecules immobilized covalently or non-covalently, in situ secretion of angiogenic growth factors, and the degradation of inorganic scaffolds, are described. Physical induction mechanisms are also discussed, followed by a review of methods for fabricating bioactive ceramic scaffolds via microfabrication methods, such as photolithography and 3D printing. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the commonly used methodologies and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Abdollahi
- Department of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saghatchi
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Paryab
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Emma D Stephens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Muhammet S Toprak
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Badv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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4
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Irfan D, Ahmad I, Patra I, Margiana R, Rasulova MT, Sivaraman R, Kandeel M, Mohammad HJ, Al-Qaim ZH, Jawad MA, Mustafa YF, Ansari MJ. Stem cell-derived exosomes in bone healing: focusing on their role in angiogenesis. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:353-361. [PMID: 36241491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fractures in bone, a tissue critical in protecting other organs, affect patients' quality of life and have a heavy economic burden on societies. Based on regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering approaches, stem cells have become a promising and attractive strategy for repairing bone fractures via differentiation into bone-forming cells and production of favorable mediators. Recent evidence suggests that stem cell-derived exosomes could mediate the therapeutic effects of their counterpart cells and provide a cell-free therapeutic strategy in bone repair. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis is critical in bone fracture healing; thus, developing therapeutic strategies to promote angiogenesis will facilitate bone regeneration and healing. To this end, stem cell-derived exosomes with angiogenic potency have been developed to improve fracture healing. This review summarizes the effects of stem cell-derived exosomes on the repair of bone tissue, focusing on the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Irfan
- School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | | | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Xia HF, Lai WQ, Chen GH, Li Y, Xie QH, Jia YL, Chen G, Zhao YF. A histological study of vascular wall resident stem cells in venous malformations. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:229-243. [PMID: 35916917 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular wall resident stem cells (VW-SCs) play a key role in vascular formation and remodeling under both physiological and pathological situations. They not only serve as a reservoir to supply all types of vascular cells needed, but also regulate vascular homeostasis by paracrine effects. Venous malformations (VMs) are common congenital vascular malformations which are just characterized by the deficient quantity and abnormal function of vascular cells. However, the existence and role of VW-SCs in VMs is still unclear at present. In this study, the level and distribution of VW-SCs in 22 specimens of VMs were measured by immunochemistry, double-labeling immunofluorescence, and qPCR, followed by the Spearman rank correlation test. We found that both the protein and mRNA expression levels of CD34, vWF, VEGFR2, CD44, CD90, and CD105 were significantly downregulated in VMs compared with that in normal venules. VW-SCs were sporadically distributed or even absent within and outside the endothelium of VMs. The expression of the VW-SC-related markers was positively correlated with the density of both endothelial cells and perivascular cells. All those results and established evidence indicated that VW-SCs were more sporadically distributed with fewer amounts in VMs, which possibly contributing to the deficiency of vascular cells in VMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Fu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gao-Hong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ye Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Qi-Hui Xie
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yu-Lin Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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6
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Hongjin W, Han C, Baoxiang J, Shiqi Y, Xiaoyu X. Reconstituting neurovascular unit based on the close relations between neural stem cells and endothelial cells: an effective method to explore neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:143-159. [PMID: 31539363 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their microenvironment, the NSC niche, brought new therapeutic strategies through neurogenesis and angiogenesis for stroke and most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Based on the close links between NSCs and endothelial cells, the integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis of the NSC niche is also a promising area to the neurovascular unit (NVU) modeling and is now offering a powerful tool to advance our understanding of the brain. In this review, critical aspects of the NVU and model systems are discussed. First, we briefly describe the interaction of each part in the NSC niche. Second, we introduce the co-culture system, microfluidic platforms, and stem cell-derived 3D reconstitution used in NVU modeling based on the close relations between NSCs and endothelial cells, and various characteristics of cell interactions in these systems are also described. Finally, we address the challenges in modeling the NVU that can potentially be overcome by employing strategies for advanced biomaterials and stem cell co-culture use. Based on these approaches, researchers will continue to develop predictable technologies to control the fate of stem cells, achieve accurate screening of drugs for the nervous system, and advance the clinical application of NVU models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hongjin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Baoxiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Shiqi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Xiaoyu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
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7
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Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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8
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Tikhonova AN, Lasry A, Austin R, Aifantis I. Cell-by-Cell Deconstruction of Stem Cell Niches. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 27:19-34. [PMID: 32619515 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing approaches offer exploration of tissue architecture at unprecedented resolution. These tools are especially powerful when deconvoluting highly specialized microenvironments, such as stem cell (SC) niches. Here, we review single-cell studies that map the cellular and transcriptional makeup of stem and progenitor niches and discuss how these high-resolution analyses fundamentally advance our understanding of how niche factors shape SC biology and activity. In-depth characterization of the blueprint of SC-niche crosstalk, as well as understanding how it becomes dysregulated, will undoubtedly inform the development of more efficient therapies for malignancies and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Tikhonova
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Audrey Lasry
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Austin
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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9
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Vessel Wall-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Share Similar Differentiation Potential and Immunomodulatory Properties with Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8847038. [PMID: 33144864 PMCID: PMC7596426 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8847038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is aimed at investigating the phenotype, differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties, and responsiveness of saphenous vein vessel wall-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SV-MSCs) to various TLR ligands and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as comparing their features to those of their bone marrow-derived counterparts (BM-MSCs). Methods SV-MSCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the saphenous vein vessel wall. Phenotype analysis was carried out by flow cytometry and microscopy, whereas adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potentials were tested in in vitro assays. For comparative analysis, the expression of different stemness, proliferation, and differentiation-related genes was determined by Affymetrix gene array. To compare the immunomodulatory properties of SV-MSCs and BM-MSCs, mixed lymphocyte reaction was applied. To investigate their responses to various activating stimuli, MSCs were treated with TLR ligands (LPS, PolyI:C) or proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ), and the expression of various early innate immune response-related genes was assessed by qPCR, while secretion of selected cytokines and chemokines was measured by ELISA. Results The isolated SV-MSCs were able to differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage cells/direction in vitro. SV-MSCs expressed the most important MSC markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) and shared almost identical phenotypic characteristics with BM-MSCs. Their gene expression pattern and activation pathways were close to those of BM-MSCs. SV-MSCs showed better immunosuppressive activity inhibiting phytohemagglutinin-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro than BM-MSCs. Cellular responses to treatments mimicking inflammatory conditions were comparable in the bone marrow- and saphenous vein-derived MSCs. Namely, similar to BM-MSCs, SV-MSCs secreted increased amount of IL-6 and IL-8 after 12- or 24-hour treatment with LPS, PolyI:C, TNFα, or IL-1β, compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, a different CXCL-10/IP-10 secretion pattern could be observed under inflammatory conditions in the two types of MSCs. Conclusion Based on our results, cells isolated from saphenous vein vessel wall fulfilled the ISCT's (International Society for Cellular Therapy) criteria for multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, and no significant differences in the phenotype, gene expression pattern, and responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli could be observed between BM-MSCs and SV-MSCs, while the latter cells have more potent immunosuppressive activity in vitro. Further functional assays have to be performed to reveal whether SV-MSCs could be useful for certain regenerative therapeutic applications or tissue engineering purposes.
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10
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Su T, Huang K, Mathews KG, Scharf VF, Hu S, Li Z, Frame BN, Cores J, Dinh PU, Daniele MA, Ligler FS, Cheng K. Cardiac Stromal Cell Patch Integrated with Engineered Microvessels Improves Recovery from Myocardial Infarction in Rats and Pigs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6309-6320. [PMID: 33449654 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascularized cardiac patch strategy is promising for ischemic heart repair after myocardial infarction (MI), but current fabrication processes are quite complicated. Vascularized cardiac patches that can promote concurrent restoration of both the myocardium and vasculature at the injured site in a large animal model remain elusive. The safety and therapeutic benefits of a cardiac stromal cell patch integrated with engineered biomimetic microvessels (BMVs) were determined for treating MI. By leveraging a microfluidic method employing hydrodynamic focusing, we constructed the endothelialized microvessels and then encapsulated them together with therapeutic cardiosphere-derived stromal cells (CSCs) in a fibrin gel to generate a prevascularized cardiac stromal cell patch (BMV-CSC patch). We showed that BMV-CSC patch transplantation significantly promoted cardiac function, reduced scar size, increased viable myocardial tissue, promoted neovascularization, and suppressed inflammation in rat and porcine MI models, demonstrating enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional cardiac stromal cell patches. BMV-CSC patches did not increase renal and hepatic toxicity or exhibit immunogenicity. We noted a significant increase in endogenous progenitor cell recruitment to the peri-infarct region of the porcine hearts treated with BMV-CSC patch as compared to those that received control treatments. These findings establish the BMV-CSC patch as a novel engineered-tissue therapeutic for ischemic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Su
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Ke Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Kyle G Mathews
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Valery F Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Brianna N Frame
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Phuong-Uyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States.,Divison of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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11
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Ohmes J, Xiao Y, Wang F, Mikkelsen MD, Nguyen TT, Schmidt H, Seekamp A, Meyer AS, Fuchs S. Effect of Enzymatically Extracted Fucoidans on Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Primary Cell Culture Systems Mimicking Bone Tissue Environment. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E481. [PMID: 32967359 PMCID: PMC7550999 DOI: 10.3390/md18090481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is an essential process for successful bone regeneration. Further, angiogenesis is a key factor for the development of bone-related disorders like osteosarcoma or arthritis. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, have been shown to affect angiogenesis as well as a series of other physiological processes including inflammation or infection. However, the chemical properties of fucoidan which define the biological activity vary tremendously, making a prediction of the bioactivity or the corresponding therapeutic effect difficult. In this study, we compare the effect of four chemically characterized high molecular weight fucoidan extracts from Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens (FE_crude and fractions F1, F2, F3) on angiogenic and osteogenic processes in bone-related primary mono- and co-culture cell systems. By determining the gene expression and protein levels of the regulatory molecules vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), ANG-2 and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), we show that the extracted fucoidans negatively influence angiogenic and osteogenic processes in both the mono- and co-culture systems. We demonstrate that purer fucoidan extracts with a high fucose and sulfate content show stronger effects on these processes. Immunocytochemistry of the co-culture system revealed that treatment with FE_F3, containing the highest fucose and sulfate content, impaired the formation of angiogenic tube-like structures, indicating the anti-angiogenic properties of the tested fucoidans. This study highlights how chemical properties of fucoidan influence its bioactivity in a bone-related context and discusses how the observed phenotypes can be explained on a molecular level-knowledge that is indispensable for future therapies based on fucoidans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ohmes
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuejun Xiao
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Fanlu Wang
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Dalgaard Mikkelsen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.M.); (T.T.N.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Thuan Thi Nguyen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.M.); (T.T.N.); (A.S.M.)
| | | | - Andreas Seekamp
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.M.); (T.T.N.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (J.O.); (Y.X.); (F.W.); (A.S.)
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12
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Markers of Regenerative Processes in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Case-control Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070408. [PMID: 32629800 PMCID: PMC7408571 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in medical science has allowed the discovery of many factors affecting the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, and among the most recent research directions are found regenerative and inflammatory processes. The role of regenerative processes remains particularly poorly explored, but available data encourage further research, which may explain the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the mobilization of stem cells into peripheral blood, in patients with bipolar disorder during stable phase, not treated with lithium salts. The study included 30 unrelated individuals with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, with disease duration of at least 10 years, not treated with lithium salts for at least five years prior to the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), origin, socio-demographic factors and nicotine use. Blood samples underwent cytometric analyses to assess concentrations of: Very Small Embryonic Like (VSEL) CD34+, VSEL AC133+, HSC CD34+, HSC AC133+. There were no significant differences in stem cell levels between patients with BD and healthy controls. However, the level of VSEL cells AC133 + was significantly higher in type I BD patients compared to healthy controls. Our results indicate a disturbance in regenerative processes in patients with bipolar disorder.
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13
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Chou CH, Modo M. Characterization of gene expression changes in human neural stem cells and endothelial cells modeling a neurovascular microenvironment. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:9-19. [PMID: 32092433 PMCID: PMC7103513 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis-mediated neovascularization correlates with recovery after intracerebral implantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in stroke. To elucidate NSCs' mechanism of action, it is essential to understand how these interact with the brain's vasculature after implantation. Using an all-human endothelial cell (EC, D3 cell line) and NSC (STROC05 and CTXOE03) co-culture model, fluorescently activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate each cell type for a comparison of gene expression between monocultures of undifferentiated proliferating and differentiated non-proliferating cells. Gene expression for angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, angiopoietin), as well as cell survival (brain derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor) and migration (stromal cell-derived factor-1a) were measured and contrasted with the corresponding receptors on each cell type. The cellular source of extracellular matrix defining the basement membrane (vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV) and neuropil (hyaluronic acid, aggrecan, neurocan, thrombospondin, nidogen and brain associated link protein-1) was evaluated for NSCs and ECs. Co-culturing dramatically changed the expression profiles of each cell type in comparison to undifferentiated, but also differentiated cells. These results indicate that monocultures provide a poor model to investigate the cellular signaling involved in a tissue repair response. Co-cultures of NSCs and ECs forming vasculature-like structures (VLS) provide a more complex model to investigate NSC-induced neovascularization. These in vitro studies are essential to tease out individual cell signaling in NSCs and ECs to develop a mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSCs as a therapeutic for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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14
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Sun P, Zhang Q, Nie W, Zhou X, Chen L, Du H, Yang S, You Z, He J, He C. Biodegradable Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Bearing Angiogenic QK Peptide and Dexamethasone for Accelerating Angiogenesis in Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6766-6778. [PMID: 33423470 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the repair of large segmental bone defects, bone tissue is often unable to heal due to the destruction of the vascular network near the wound site. An ideal bone repair material should have both angiogenic and osteogenic capabilities. To achieve this goal, we used biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a delivery vehicle for dexamethasone (DEX), a small-molecule drug that induces osteogenic differentiation. Subsequently, chitosan was covalently modified onto the surface of the nanoparticles by glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to construct nanoparticulate delivery systems (DEX@chi-MSNs) that induce osteoblast formation. The QK peptide, which mimics the α-helical structure of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to the receptor, was adsorbed to the surface of chitosan-modified MSNs nanoparticles (QK@chi-MSNs) to render them with angiogenic ability. The QK@chi-MSNs can promote the formation of the tubular structure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and angiogenesis in vivo, as demonstrated by a chicken embryo chorioallantoic test (CAM) and subcutaneous embedding test. The DEX@chi-MSNs can improve alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation, and the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins by BMSCs. Furthermore, the ability of bone repair and angiogenesis was evaluated in a critical size skull defect model in rats by using nanocarriers loaded with both DEX and QK (QK/DEX@chi-MSNs). The results of computed tomography (CT) scan, histological examination, and immunofluorescence staining indicated that QK/DEX@chi-MSNs can promote bone formation and angiogenesis in vivo, which has broad application prospects in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiawen He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201301, People's Republic of China
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15
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Li KN, Jain P, He CH, Eun FC, Kang S, Tumbar T. Skin vasculature and hair follicle cross-talking associated with stem cell activation and tissue homeostasis. eLife 2019; 8:e45977. [PMID: 31343406 PMCID: PMC6684267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin vasculature cross-talking with hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) is poorly understood. Skin vasculature undergoes dramatic remodeling during adult mouse hair cycle. Specifically, a horizontal plexus under the secondary hair germ (HPuHG) transiently neighbors the HFSC activation zone during the quiescence phase (telogen). Increased density of HPuHG can be induced by reciprocal mutations in the epithelium (Runx1) and endothelium (Alk1) in adult mice, and is accompanied by prolonged HFSC quiescence and by delayed entry and progression into the hair growth phase (anagen). Suggestively, skin vasculature produces BMP4, a well-established HFSC quiescence-inducing factor, thus contributing to a proliferation-inhibitory environment near the HFSC. Conversely, the HFSC activator Runx1 regulates secreted proteins with previously demonstrated roles in vasculature remodeling. We suggest a working model in which coordinated remodeling and molecular cross-talking of the adult epithelial and endothelial skin compartments modulate timing of HFSC activation from quiescence for proper tissue homeostasis of adult skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Prachi Jain
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Catherine Hua He
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Flora Chae Eun
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Sangjo Kang
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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16
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Su T, Huang K, Daniele MA, Hensley MT, Young AT, Tang J, Allen TA, Vandergriff AC, Erb PD, Ligler FS, Cheng K. Cardiac Stem Cell Patch Integrated with Microengineered Blood Vessels Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Neovascularization after Acute Myocardial Infarction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33088-33096. [PMID: 30188113 PMCID: PMC6376980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stem cell (CSC) therapy has shown preclinical and clinical evidence for ischemic heart repair but is limited by low cellular engraftment and survival after transplantation. Previous versions of the cardiac patch strategy improve stem cell engraftment and encourage repair of cardiac tissue. However, cardiac patches that can enhance cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis at the injured site remain elusive. Therapies that target cardiomyocyte proliferation and new blood vessel formation hold great potential for the protection against acute myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we report a new strategy for creating a vascularized cardiac patch in a facile and modular fashion by leveraging microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing to construct the biomimetic microvessels (BMVs) that include human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) lining the luminal surface and then encapsulating the BMVs in a fibrin gel spiked with human CSCs. We show that the endothelialized BMVs mimicked the natural architecture and function of capillaries and that the resultant vascularized cardiac patch (BMV-CSC patch) exhibited equivalent release of paracrine factors compared to those of coculture of genuine human CSCs and HUVECs after 7 days of in vitro culture. In a rat model of acute MI, the BMV-CSC patch therapy induced profound mitotic activities of cardiomyocytes in the peri-infarct region 4 weeks post-treatment. A significant increase in myocardial capillary density was noted in the infarcted hearts that received BMV-CSC patch treatment compared to the infarcted hearts treated with conventional CSC patches. The striking therapeutic benefits and the fast and facile fabrication of the BMV-CSC patch make it promising for practical applications. Our findings suggest that the BMV-CSC patch strategy may open up new possibilities for the treatment of ischemic heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Su
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Ke Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael Taylor Hensley
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Ashlyn T. Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Tyler A. Allen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Adam C. Vandergriff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Patrick D. Erb
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Divison of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Corresponding Author:, . Phone: 919 513 6157. Fax: 919 513 7301
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17
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Rühle A, Huber PE, Saffrich R, Lopez Perez R, Nicolay NH. The current understanding of mesenchymal stem cells as potential attenuators of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2628-2639. [PMID: 29931767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are part of the standard treatment algorithms for many malignancies; however, their application and dosage are limited by their toxic effects to normal tissues. Chemotherapy-induced toxicities can be long-lasting and may be incompletely reversible; therefore, causative therapies for chemotherapy-dependent side effects are needed, especially considering the increasing survival rates of treated cancer patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit regenerative abilities for various forms of tissue damage. Preclinical data suggest that MSCs may also help to alleviate tissue lesions caused by chemotherapeutic agents, mainly by establishing a protective microenvironment for functional cells. Due to the systemic administration of most anticancer agents, the effects of these drugs on the MSCs themselves are of crucial importance to use stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicities. Here, we present a concise review of the published data regarding the influence of various classes of chemotherapeutic agents on the survival, stem cell characteristics and physiological functions of MSCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects are outlined, and resulting challenges of MSC-based treatments for chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Considerable progress has been made in the field of stem cell research; nonetheless, the use of stem cells for regenerative medicine therapies, for either endogenous tissue repair or cellular grafts post injury, remains a challenge. To better understand how to maintain stem cell potential in vivo and promote differentiation ex vivo, it is fundamentally important to elucidate the interactions between stem cells and their surrounding partners within their distinct niches. Recent Findings Among the vast array of proteins depicted as mediators for cell-to-cell interactions, connexin-comprised gap junctions play pivotal roles in the regulation of stem cell fate both in vivo and in vitro. Summary This review summarizes and illustrates the current knowledge regarding the multifaceted roles of Cx43, specifically, in various stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiisha Genet
- Department of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology Therapeutics Program, New Haven, USA.,2Yale Stem Cell Center Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Neha Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology Therapeutics Program, New Haven, USA.,2Yale Stem Cell Center Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Antonin Bourdieu
- Department of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology Therapeutics Program, New Haven, USA.,2Yale Stem Cell Center Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology Therapeutics Program, New Haven, USA.,2Yale Stem Cell Center Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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19
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Gómez-Gaviro MV, Desco M. The Paracrine Neural Stem Cell Niche: New Actors in the Play. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Major R, Lackner JM, Sanak M, Major B. Biomimetics in thin film design: Niche-like wrinkles designed for i-cell progenitor cell differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:379-386. [PMID: 28866177 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The future and development of science are in interdisciplinary areas, such as biomedical engineering. Self-assembled structures, similar to stem cell niches, inhibit rapid cellular division processes and enable the capture of stem cells from blood flow. By modifying the surface topography and stiffness properties, progenitor cells were differentiated towards the formation of endothelial cell monolayers to effectively inhibit the coagulation cascade. Wrinkled material layers in the form of thin polymeric coatings were prepared. An optimized surface topography led to proper cell differentiation and influenced the appropriate formation of endothelial cell monolayers. Blood activation was decelerated by the formed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta St. 25, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Juergen M Lackner
- Joanneum Research Forschungs-GmbH, Materials - Functional Surfaces, Leoben, Austria
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawinska Street, 31-066 Cracow, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta St. 25, Cracow, Poland
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21
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Li JZ, Qu H, Wu J, Zhang F, Jia ZB, Sun JY, Lv B, Kang Y, Jiang SL, Kang K. Metabolic profiles of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived stromal cells from elderly coronary heart disease patients by capillary liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:184-194. [PMID: 29115374 PMCID: PMC5746296 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is a promising option for patients with atherosclerotic conditions, including coronary artery disease. However, the potential differences in the metabolic characteristics between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and ADSCs have remained to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of BMSCs and ADSCs via liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. BMSCs and ADSCs obtained from elderly coronary heart disease patients were cultured, and after three passages, supernatants of each cell type were collected and systematically analysed. Substantial differences were detected between the metabolite signatures of ADSCs and BMSCs. In addition, further analysis using partial least-squares discriminant analysis score plots indicated significant differences between the supernatants of the two cell types. The following metabolites were deemed to be responsible for the potential differences in the metabolic characteristics of BMSCs and ADSCs: D-lactic acid, hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, α-D-glucose, bovinic acid, 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid, glyceraldehyde, phenylpyruvic acid, L-octanoylcarnitine, retinyl ester, α-ketoisovaleric acid, guanidoacetic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, imidazoleacetic acid riboside, sphingosine and pseudouridine 5′-phosphate. Based on these findings, there may be significant differences in the following metabolic pathways: The linoleic acid metabolic pathway, galactose metabolism, argentines and proline metabolism, retinol metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, galactose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In conclusion, substantial differences in metabolic characteristics were detected between BMSCs and ADSCs, which may be associated with the different efficacies of atherosclerosis therapies employing these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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22
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Delaney C, Campbell M. The blood brain barrier: Insights from development and ageing. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1373897. [PMID: 28956691 PMCID: PMC5788423 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1373897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier is a necessity for cerebral homeostasis and response to environmental insult, thus loss in functionality with age creates opportunities for disease to arise in the aged brain. Understanding how the barrier is developed and maintained throughout the earlier years of adult life can identify key processes that may have beneficial applications in the restoration of the aged brain. With an unprecedented increasing global aged population, the prevention and treatment of age-associated disorders has become a rising healthcare priority demanding novel approaches for the development of therapeutic strategies. The aging cardiovascular system has long been recognised to be a major factor in age-associated diseases such as stroke, atherosclerosis and cardiac arrest. Changes in the highly specialised cerebral vasculature may similarly drive neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Delaney
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Tang X, Gao J, Jia X, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Pan W, He J. Bipotent progenitors as embryonic origin of retinal stem cells. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1833-1847. [PMID: 28465291 PMCID: PMC5461025 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In lower vertebrates, retinal stem cells (RSCs) capable of producing all retinal cell types are a resource for retinal tissue growth throughout life. However, the embryonic origin of RSCs remains largely elusive. Using a Zebrabow-based clonal analysis, we characterized the RSC niche in the ciliary marginal zone of zebrafish retina and illustrate that blood vessels associated with RSCs are required for the maintenance of actively proliferating RSCs. Full lineage analysis of RSC progenitors reveals lineage patterns of RSC production. Moreover, in vivo lineage analysis demonstrates that these RSC progenitors are the direct descendants of a set of bipotent progenitors in the medial epithelial layer of developing optic vesicles, suggesting the involvement of the mixed-lineage states in the RSC lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinling Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencao Zhao
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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24
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Jun I, Ahmad T, Bak S, Lee JY, Kim EM, Lee J, Lee YB, Jeong H, Jeon H, Shin H. Spatially Assembled Bilayer Cell Sheets of Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells Using Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28230931 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the coculture of multiple cell types has been widely employed in regenerative medicine, in vivo transplantation of cocultured cells while maintaining the hierarchical structure remains challenging. Here, a spatially assembled bilayer cell sheet of human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a thermally expandable hydrogel containing fibronectin is prepared and its effect on in vitro proangiogenic functions and in vivo ischemic injury is investigated. The expansion of hydrogels in response to a temperature change from 37 to 4 °C allows rapid harvest and delivery of the bilayer cell sheet to two different targets (an in vitro model glass surface and in vivo tissue). The in vitro study confirms that the bilayer sheet significantly increases proangiogenic functions such as the release of nitric oxide and expression of vascular endothelial cell genes. In addition, transplantation of the cell sheet from the hydrogels into a hindlimb ischemia mice model demonstrates significant retardation of necrosis particularly in the group transplated with the bilayer sheet. Collectively, the bilayer cell sheet is readily transferrable from the thermally expandable hydrogel and represents an alternative approach for recovery from ischemic injury, potentially via improved cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Bak
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yup Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Jeong
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
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25
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Li Z, Zhao R, Fang X, Huang Q, Liu J. Recombinant human SDF-1α administration accelerates aneurysm neck reendothelialization in rabbit saccular aneurysm after flow diverter treatment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:246-253. [PMID: 28159982 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reendothelialization in the aneurysm neck is pivotal to vascular repair for intracranial aneurysm after flow diverter (FD) implantation. Recombinant human stromal cell-derived factor 1α (rhSDF-1α) is a vital chemoattractant to stem cells and potentially facilitates reendothelialization. Here, we sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of intravenous administration of rhSDF-1α and uncover its potential mechanism for promoting aneurysm neck reendothelialization. Recombinant pET32a-186 plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli to produce the rhSDF-1α protein with biological activity. FD was implanted into the elastase-induced saccular aneurysm in New Zealand white rabbits. rhSDF-1α (50 μg/kg/day) was intravenously administrated for consecutive 7 days after FD implantation. After these procedures, aneurysms were harvested after 2 or 4 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the neointima thickness and count the endothelial-like cells at aneurysm neck. Four weeks later, the mRNA levels of endothelial markers in the neointima at aneurysm neck were examined. Migration assay showed that rhSDF-1α could induce migration of endothelial progenitor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Two weeks after stent implantation, follow-up angiography showed partial aneurysm occlusion in one of each group and total aneurysm occlusion in 17 saccular aneurysm rabbits (9 of the rhSDF-1α group and 8 of the control group). No significant change of neointima thickness at aneurysm neck was observed. Intriguingly, more endothelial-like cells were observed at aneurysm neck in the rhSDF-1α group at 2 weeks (55 vs 13 cells per high-power field) and 4 weeks (104 vs 60 cells per high-power field). The mRNA levels of Tie-2, VE-cadherin, KDR and E-selectin were significantly enhanced compared with those of the control group. These results showed that intravenous administration of rhSDF-1α can accelerate reendothelialization in the aneurysm neck after FD implantation. Our study reveals an important role of rhSDF-1α in inducing aneurysm occlusion and suggests that it achieves its function through modulating the reendothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifu Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinggen Fang
- Neurosurgery Department, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Neurosurgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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26
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Shan HT, Zhang HB, Chen WT, Chen FZ, Wang T, Luo JT, Yue M, Lin JH, Wei AY. Combination of low-energy shock-wave therapy and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to improve the erectile function of diabetic rats. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:26-33. [PMID: 27427555 PMCID: PMC5227668 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.184271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation and low-energy shock-wave therapy (LESWT) have emerged as potential and effective treatment protocols for diabetic erectile dysfunction. During the tracking of transplanted stem cells in diabetic erectile dysfunction models, the number of visible stem cells was rather low and decreased quickly. LESWT could recruit endogenous stem cells to the cavernous body and improve the microenvironment in diabetic cavernous tissue. Thus, we deduced that LESWT might benefit transplanted stem cell survival and improve the effects of stem cell transplantation. In this research, 42 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomized into four groups: the diabetic group (n = 6), the LESWT group (n = 6), the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation group (n = 15), and the combination of LESWT and BMSC transplantation group (n = 15). One and three days after BMSC transplantation, three rats were randomly chosen to observe the survival numbers of BMSCs in the cavernous body. Four weeks after BMSC transplantation, the following parameters were assessed: the surviving number of transplanted BMSCs in the cavernous tissue, erectile function, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and penile immunohistochemical assessment. Our research found that LESWT favored the survival of transplanted BMSCs in the cavernous body, which might be related to increased stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression and the enhancement of angiogenesis in the diabetic cavernous tissue. The combination of LESWT and BMSC transplantation could improve the erectile function of diabetic erectile function rats more effectively than LESWT or BMSC transplantation performed alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Shan
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Shawan People's Hospital, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Chen
- Shenzhen Hyde Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Longjiang Hospital, Shunde District, Foshan, China
| | - Jin-Tai Luo
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Laboratory Animals Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- Laboratory Animals Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Yang Wei
- Department of Urology, Medical Center for Overseas Patients, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells and niche cells via a hydrogel matrix. Biomaterials 2017; 125:54-64. [PMID: 28231508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in unique bone marrow niches and are influenced by signals from surrounding cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM-bound or diffusible biomolecules. Here we describe the use of a three-dimensional hydrogel to alter the balance of HSC-generated autocrine feedback and paracrine signals generated by co-cultured niche-associated cells. We report shifts in HSC proliferation rate and fate specification in the presence of lineage positive (Lin+) niche cells. Hydrogels promoting autocrine feedback enhanced expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors while paracrine signals from Lin+ cells increased myeloid differentiation. We report thresholds where autocrine vs. paracrine cues alter HSC fate transitions, and were able to selectively abrogate the effects of matrix diffusivity and niche cell co-culture via the use of inhibitory cocktails of autocrine or paracrine signals. Together, these results suggest diffusive biotransport in three-dimensional biomaterials are a critical design element for the development of a synthetic stem cell niche.
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28
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The vasculature as a neural stem cell niche. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 107:4-14. [PMID: 28132930 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitors that generate progeny that differentiate into neurons and glia. NSCs in the adult mammalian brain are generally quiescent. Environmental stimuli such as learning or exercise can activate quiescent NSCs, inducing them to proliferate and produce new neurons and glia. How are these behaviours coordinated? The neurovasculature, the circulatory system of the brain, is a key component of the NSC microenvironment, or 'niche'. Instructive signals from the neurovasculature direct NSC quiescence, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. During ageing, a breakdown in the niche accompanies NSC dysfunction and cognitive decline. There is much interest in reversing these changes and enhancing NSC activity by targeting the neurovasculature therapeutically. Here we discuss principles of neurovasculature-NSC crosstalk, and the implications for the design of NSC-based therapies. We also consider the emerging contributions to this field of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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29
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Ferreira R, Fonseca MC, Santos T, Sargento-Freitas J, Tjeng R, Paiva F, Castelo-Branco M, Ferreira LS, Bernardino L. Retinoic acid-loaded polymeric nanoparticles enhance vascular regulation of neural stem cell survival and differentiation after ischaemia. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8126-37. [PMID: 27025400 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, current therapies only reach a small percentage of patients and may cause serious side effects. We propose the therapeutic use of retinoic acid-loaded nanoparticles (RA-NP) to safely and efficiently repair the ischaemic brain by creating a favourable pro-angiogenic environment that enhances neurogenesis and neuronal restitution. Our data showed that RA-NP enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and tubule network formation and protected against ischaemia-induced death. To evaluate the effect of RA-NP on vascular regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) survival and differentiation, endothelial cell-conditioned media (EC-CM) were collected. EC-CM from healthy RA-NP-treated cells reduced NSC death and promoted proliferation while EC-CM from ischaemic RA-NP-treated cells decreased cell death, increased proliferation and neuronal differentiation. In parallel, human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPC), which are part of the endogenous repair response to vascular injury, were collected from ischaemic stroke patients. hEPC treated with RA-NP had significantly higher proliferation, which further highlights the therapeutic potential of this formulation. To conclude, RA-NP protected endothelial cells from ischaemic death and stimulated the release of pro-survival, proliferation-stimulating factors and differentiation cues for NSC. RA-NP were shown to be up to 83-fold more efficient than free RA and to enhance hEPC proliferation. These data serve as a stepping stone to use RA-NP as vasculotrophic and neurogenic agents for vascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with compromised vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - M C Fonseca
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - T Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - J Sargento-Freitas
- Stroke Unit, Coimbra University and Hospital Centre, Coimbra, Portugal and Biocant - Center of Innovation in Biotechnology, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - R Tjeng
- Stroke Unit, Hospital Center of Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F Paiva
- Stroke Unit, Hospital Center of Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M Castelo-Branco
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. and Hospital Center of Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L S Ferreira
- Biocant - Center of Innovation in Biotechnology, Cantanhede, Portugal and CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Bernardino
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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30
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Dumont NA, Bentzinger CF, Sincennes MC, Rudnicki MA. Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1027-59. [PMID: 26140708 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are essential for vital functions such as movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis. Muscle tissue is largely composed of long, postmitotic multinucleated fibers. The life-long maintenance of muscle tissue is mediated by satellite cells, lying in close proximity to the muscle fibers. Muscle satellite cells are a heterogeneous population with a small subset of muscle stem cells, termed satellite stem cells. Under homeostatic conditions all satellite cells are poised for activation by stimuli such as physical trauma or growth signals. After activation, satellite stem cells undergo symmetric divisions to expand their number or asymmetric divisions to give rise to cohorts of committed satellite cells and thus progenitors. Myogenic progenitors proliferate, and eventually differentiate through fusion with each other or to damaged fibers to reconstitute fiber integrity and function. In the recent years, research has begun to unravel the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms controlling satellite cell behavior. Nonetheless, an understanding of the complex cellular and molecular interactions of satellite cells with their dynamic microenvironment remains a major challenge, especially in pathological conditions. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on satellite cell characteristics, functions, and behavior in muscle regeneration and in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Dumont
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Leszczynska A, O'Doherty A, Farrell E, Pindjakova J, O'Brien FJ, O'Brien T, Barry F, Murphy M. Differentiation of Vascular Stem Cells Contributes to Ectopic Calcification of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Stem Cells 2016; 34:913-23. [PMID: 26840742 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of vascular calcification (VC) in atherosclerosis is not fully understood. Here, we investigate role of resident/circulating progenitor cells in VC and contribution of inflammatory plaque environment to this process. Vessel-derived stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mice showed significantly more in vitro osteogenesis and chondrogenesis than cells generated from control C57BL/6 mice. To assess their ability to form bone in vivo, cells were primed chondrogenically or cultured in control medium on collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro prior to subcutaneous implantation in ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6 mice using a crossover study design. Atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) MSCs and VSCs formed bone when implanted in C57BL/6 mice. In ApoE(-/-) mice, these cells generated more mature bone than C57BL/6 cells. The atherosclerotic in vivo environment alone promoted bone formation by implanted C57BL/6 cells. Un-primed C57BL/6 VSCs were unable to form bone in either mouse strain. Treatment of ApoE(-/-) VSC chondrogenic cultures with interleukin (IL)-6 resulted in significantly increased glycosaminoglycan deposition and expression of characteristic chondrogenic genes at 21 days. In conclusion, resident vascular cells from atherosclerotic environment respond to the inflammatory milieu and undergo calcification. IL-6 may have a role in aberrant differentiation of VSCs contributing to vascular calcification in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aideen O'Doherty
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eric Farrell
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Pindjakova
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Integrated Center of Cellular Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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32
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Watters AK, Rom S, Hill JD, Dematatis MK, Zhou Y, Merkel SF, Andrews AM, Cena J, Potula R, Skuba A, Son YJ, Persidsky Y, Ramirez SH. Identification and dynamic regulation of tight junction protein expression in human neural stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 24:1377-89. [PMID: 25892136 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in a cluster-like formation in close proximity to cerebral microvessels. Similar appearing clusters can be seen ex vivo in NSC cultures termed neurospheres. It is known that this neurosphere configuration is important for preserving stemness and a proliferative state. How NSCs form neurospheres or neuroclusters remains largely undetermined. In this study, we show that primary human NSCs express the tight junction proteins (TJPs): zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, -3, -5, and -12. The relative mRNA expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Our results show that downregulation of TJPs occurs as neuronal differentiation is induced, suggesting that control of TJPs may be tied to the neuronal differentiation program. Importantly, upon specific knockdown of the accessory TJP, ZO-1, undifferentiated NSCs showed decreased levels of key stem cell markers. Taken together, our results indicate that TJPs possibly aid in maintaining the intercellular configuration of NSCs and that reduction in TJP expression consequently affects the stemness status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Watters
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Slava Rom
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy D Hill
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie K Dematatis
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Zhou
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven F Merkel
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison M Andrews
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Cena
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghava Potula
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Skuba
- 3Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Young-Jin Son
- 3Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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33
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Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:174. [PMID: 26861305 PMCID: PMC4783908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense research focus on stem and progenitor cells could be attributed to their differentiation potential to generate new cells to replace diseased or lost cells in many highly intractable degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and heart diseases. However, experimental and clinical studies have increasingly attributed the therapeutic efficacy of these cells to their secretion. While stem and progenitor cells secreted many therapeutic molecules, none of these molecules singly or in combination could recapitulate the functional effects of stem cell transplantations. Recently, it was reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) could recapitulate the therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation. Based on the observations reported thus far, the prevailing hypothesis is that stem cell EVs exert their therapeutic effects by transferring biologically active molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and microRNA from the stem cells to injured or diseased cells. In this respect, stem cell EVs are similar to EVs from other cell types. They are both primarily vehicles for intercellular communication. Therefore, the differentiating factor is likely due to the composition of their cargo. The cargo of EVs from different cell types are known to include a common set of proteins and also proteins that reflect the cell source of the EVs and the physiological or pathological state of the cell source. Hence, elucidation of the stem cell EV cargo would provide an insight into the multiple physiological or biochemical changes necessary to affect the many reported stem cell-based therapeutic outcomes in a variety of experimental models and clinical trials.
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34
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Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature within the Process of Vascular Remodeling: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1905846. [PMID: 26880936 PMCID: PMC4736960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1905846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until some years ago, the bone marrow and the endothelial cell compartment lining the vessel lumen (subendothelial space) were thought to be the only sources providing vascular progenitor cells. Now, the vessel wall, in particular, the vascular adventitia, has been established as a niche for different types of stem and progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into both vascular and nonvascular cells. Herein, vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature (VW-MPSCs) have gained importance because of their large range of differentiation in combination with their distribution throughout the postnatal organism which is related to their existence in the adventitial niche, respectively. In general, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace defunct cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support repair and healing processes of the affected tissues. This review will focus on the central role of VW-MPSCs within vascular reconstructing processes (vascular remodeling) which are absolute prerequisite to preserve the sensitive relationship between resilience and stability of the vessel wall. Further, a particular advantage for the therapeutic application of VW-MPSCs for improving vascular function or preventing vascular damage will be discussed.
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Lin R, Iacovitti L. Classic and novel stem cell niches in brain homeostasis and repair. Brain Res 2015; 1628:327-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Potential of Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:571475. [PMID: 26664823 PMCID: PMC4664819 DOI: 10.1155/2015/571475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is an emerging strategy for restoring neuronal function in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by a profound and selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Adult neurogenesis generates newborn neurons that can be observed at specialized niches where endothelial cells (ECs) play a significant role in regulating the behavior of NSCs, including self-renewal and differentiating into all neural lineage cells. In this minireview, we highlight the importance of establishing an appropriate microenvironment at the target site of NSC transplantation, where grafted cells integrate into the surroundings in order to enhance DA neurotransmission. Using a novel model of NSC-EC coculture, it is possible to combine ECs with NSCs, to generate such a neurovascular microenvironment. With appropriate NSCs selected, the composition of the transplant can be investigated through paracrine and juxtacrine signaling within the neurovascular unit (NVU). With target site cellular and acellular compartments of the microenvironment recognized, guided DA differentiation of NSCs can be achieved. As differentiated DA neurons integrate into the existing nigrostriatal DA pathway, the symptoms of PD can potentially be alleviated by reversing characteristic neurodegeneration.
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Nicolay NH, Lopez Perez R, Debus J, Huber PE. Mesenchymal stem cells – A new hope for radiotherapy-induced tissue damage? Cancer Lett 2015; 366:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nicolay NH, Perez RL, Saffrich R, Huber PE. Radio-resistant mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of resistance and potential implications for the clinic. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19366-80. [PMID: 26203772 PMCID: PMC4637291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of multipotent stromal cells and can be isolated from various tissues and organs. Due to their regenerative potential, they have been subject to intense research efforts, and they may provide an efficient means for treating radiation-induced tissue damage. MSCs are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation and retain their stem cell characteristics even after high radiation doses. The underlying mechanisms for the observed MSC radioresistance have been extensively studied and may involve efficient DNA damage recognition, double strand break repair and evasion of apoptosis. Here, we present a concise review of the published scientific data on the radiobiological features of MSCs. The involvement of different DNA damage recognition and repair pathways in the creation of a radioresistant MSC phenotype is outlined, and the roles of apoptosis, senescence and autophagy regarding the reported radioresistance are summarized. Finally, potential influences of the radioresistant MSCs for the clinic are discussed with respect to the repair and radioprotection of irradiated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H. Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
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Kim SK, Lee J, Song M, Kim M, Hwang SJ, Jang H, Park Y. Combination of three angiogenic growth factors has synergistic effects on sprouting of endothelial cell/mesenchymal stem cell-based spheroids in a 3D matrix. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1535-1543. [PMID: 26268584 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of angiogenic growth factors have been shown to have synergistic effects on angiogenesis and natural wound healing in various animal models. Each growth factor has unique roles during angiogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role during the initial step of angiogenesis, whereas PDGF functions in the maturation of blood vessels. We used a combination of three angiogenic growth factors to increase angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We chose VEGF as a basic factor and added platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to induce angiogenesis in three in vitro and in vivo models: 3D angiogenesis assay, 3D co-culture, and matrigel plug implantation assay. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in co-cultured cells treated with PDGF + VEGF + FGF than in the control, single, or dual combination groups. mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and CD105 was higher in the triple group (PDGF + VEGF + FGF) than in control, single, or dual combination groups. In the PDGF + VEGF + FGF group, the length and number of branches of spheroids was also significantly higher than in the control, single, or dual combination groups. Furthermore, in a nude mouse model, α-SMA expression was significantly higher in the PDGF + VEGF + FGF group than in other groups. In conclusion, the addition of PDGF and FGF to VEGF showed synergistic effects on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1535-1543, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Kyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeongjin Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, BK 21 Plus, Korea
| | - Hwanseok Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Eda T, Takahashi K, Iwai S, Ogura N, Ito K, Tsukahara H, Suemitsu M, Kuboyama N, Kuyama K, Kondoh T. Effects of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors on Bone Formation in Rat Calvaria. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Eda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kosuke Takahashi
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Satoshi Iwai
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Naomi Ogura
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ko Ito
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroyasu Tsukahara
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Masaaki Suemitsu
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of oral pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Noboru Kuboyama
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kayo Kuyama
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of oral pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Toshirou Kondoh
- Research Institute of oral science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Stegen S, van Gastel N, Carmeliet G. Bringing new life to damaged bone: the importance of angiogenesis in bone repair and regeneration. Bone 2015; 70:19-27. [PMID: 25263520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone has the unique capacity to heal without the formation of a fibrous scar, likely because several of the cellular and molecular processes governing bone healing recapitulate the events during skeletal development. A critical component in bone healing is the timely appearance of blood vessels in the fracture callus. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is stimulated after fracture by the local production of numerous angiogenic growth factors. The fracture vasculature not only supplies oxygen and nutrients, but also stem cells able to differentiate into osteoblasts and in a later phase also the ions necessary for mineralization. This review provides a concise report of the regulation of angiogenesis by bone cells, its importance during bone healing and its possible therapeutic applications in bone tissue engineering. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Krishnamurthy S, Warner KA, Dong Z, Imai A, Nör C, Ward BB, Helman JI, Taichman RS, Bellile EL, McCauley LK, Polverini PJ, Prince ME, Wicha MS, Nör JE. Endothelial interleukin-6 defines the tumorigenic potential of primary human cancer stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2845-57. [PMID: 25078284 PMCID: PMC4198458 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) contain a small subpopulation of stem cells endowed with unique capacity to generate tumors. These cancer stem cells (CSC) are localized in perivascular niches and rely on crosstalk with endothelial cells for survival and self-renewal, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, we report that stromal interleukin (IL)-6 defines the tumorigenic capacity of CSC sorted from primary human HNSCC and transplanted into mice. In search for the cellular source of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), we observed a direct correlation between IL-6 levels in tumor-associated endothelial cells and the tumorigenicity of CSC. In vitro, endothelial cell-IL-6 enhanced orosphere formation, p-STAT3 activation, survival, and self-renewal of human CSC. Notably, a humanized anti-IL-6R antibody (tocilizumab) inhibited primary human CSC-mediated tumor initiation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that endothelial cell-secreted IL-6 defines the tumorigenic potential of CSC, and suggest that HNSCC patients might benefit from therapeutic inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Krishnamurthy
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Kristy A. Warner
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Zhihong Dong
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Carolina Nör
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Brent B. Ward
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
| | - Joseph I. Helman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
| | - Emily L. Bellile
- Biostatistic Unit, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Peter J. Polverini
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Mark E. Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering
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Dimmeler S, Ding S, Rando TA, Trounson A. Translational strategies and challenges in regenerative medicine. Nat Med 2014; 20:814-21. [PMID: 25100527 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community is currently witnessing substantial strides in understanding stem cell biology in humans; however, major disappointments in translating this knowledge into medical therapies are flooding the field as well. Despite these setbacks, investigators are determined to better understand the caveats of regeneration, so that major pathways of repair and regrowth can be exploited in treating aged and diseased tissues. Last year, in an effort to contribute to this burgeoning field, Nature Medicine, in collaboration with the Volkswagen Foundation, organized a meeting with a panel of experts in regenerative medicine to identify the most pressing challenges, as well as the crucial strategies and stem cell concepts that can best help advance the translational regenerative field. Here some experts who participated in the meeting provide an outlook at some of those key issues and concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dimmeler
- 1] Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [2]
| | - Sheng Ding
- 1] Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2]
| | - Thomas A Rando
- 1] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [3]
| | - Alan Trounson
- 1] California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), San Francisco, California, USA. [2]
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Liu H, Murthi P, Qin S, Kusuma GD, Borg AJ, Knöfler M, Haslinger P, Manuelpillai U, Pertile MD, Abumaree M, Kalionis B. A novel combination of homeobox genes is expressed in mesenchymal chorionic stem/stromal cells in first trimester and term pregnancies. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:1382-94. [PMID: 24692208 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114526471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (CMSCs) derived from the placenta are similar to adult tissue-derived MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these cells in normal placental development. Transcription factors, particularly members of the homeobox gene family, play crucial roles in maintaining stem cell proliferation and lineage specification in embryonic tissues. In adult tissues and organs, stem cells proliferate at low levels in their niche until they receive cues from the microenvironment to differentiate. The homeobox genes that are expressed in the CMSC niche in placental tissues have not been identified. We used the novel strategy of laser capture microdissection to isolate the stromal component of first trimester villi and excluded the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layers that comprise the outer layer of the chorionic villi. Microarray analysis was then used to screen for homeobox genes in the microdissected tissue. Candidate homeobox genes were selected for further RNA analysis. Immunohistochemistry of candidate genes in first trimester placental villous stromal tissue revealed homeobox genes Meis1, myeloid ectropic viral integration site 1 homolog 2 (MEIS2), H2.0-like Drosophila (HLX), transforming growth factor β-induced factor (TGIF), and distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) were expressed in the vascular niche where CMSCs have been shown to reside. Expression of MEIS2, HLX, TGIF, and DLX5 was also detected in scattered stromal cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry verified expression of MEIS2, HLX, TGIF, and DLX5 homeobox genes in first trimester and term CMSCs. These data suggest a combination of regulatory homeobox genes is expressed in CMSCs from early placental development to term, which may be required for stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gina D Kusuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Borg
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Haslinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Manuelpillai
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria
| | - Mark D Pertile
- VCGS, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Abumaree
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/ King Abdulla International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Motohashi N, Asakura A. Muscle satellite cell heterogeneity and self-renewal. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:1. [PMID: 25364710 PMCID: PMC4206996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle possesses extraordinary regeneration capacities. After muscle injury or exercise, large numbers of newly formed muscle fibers are generated within a week as a result of expansion and differentiation of a self-renewing pool of muscle stem cells termed muscle satellite cells. Normally, satellite cells are mitotically quiescent and reside beneath the basal lamina of muscle fibers. Upon regeneration, satellite cells are activated, and give rise to daughter myogenic precursor cells. After several rounds of proliferation, these myogenic precursor cells contribute to the formation of new muscle fibers. During cell division, a minor population of myogenic precursor cells returns to quiescent satellite cells as a self-renewal process. Currently, accumulating evidence has revealed the essential roles of satellite cells in muscle regeneration and the regulatory mechanisms, while it still remains to be elucidated how satellite cell self-renewal is molecularly regulated and how satellite cells are important in aging and diseased muscle. The number of satellite cells is decreased due to the changing niche during ageing, resulting in attenuation of muscle regeneration capacity. Additionally, in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, the loss of satellite cell regenerative capacity and decreased satellite cell number due to continuous needs for satellite cells lead to progressive muscle weakness with chronic degeneration. Thus, it is necessary to replenish muscle satellite cells continuously. This review outlines recent findings regarding satellite cell heterogeneity, asymmetric division and molecular mechanisms in satellite cell self-renewal which is crucial for maintenance of satellite cells as a muscle stem cell pool throughout life. In addition, we discuss roles in the stem cell niche for satellite cell maintenance, as well as related cell therapies for approaching treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Motohashi
- Department of Neurology, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Department of Neurology, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
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46
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Thyroid cancer stem-like cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancers. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1707-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lloyd RV, Hardin H, Montemayor-Garcia C, Rotondo F, Syro LV, Horvath E, Kovacs K. Stem cells and cancer stem-like cells in endocrine tissues. Endocr Pathol 2013; 24:1-10. [PMID: 23435637 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-013-9235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells are a subpopulation of self-renewing cells that are more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy than the other surrounding cancer cells. The cancer stem cell model predicts that only a subset of cancer cells possess the ability to self-renew and produce progenitor cells that can reconstitute and sustain tumor growth. Evidence supporting the existence of cancer stem-like cells in the thyroid, pituitary, and in other endocrine tissues is rapidly accumulating. These cells have been studied using specific biomarkers including: CD133, CD44, Nestin, Nanog, and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme. Putative cancer stem-like cells can be studied in vitro using serum-free media supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor grown in low attachment plates or in extracellular matrix leading to sphere formation in vitro. Cancer stem-like cells can also be separated by fluorescent cell sorting and used for in vitro or in vivo studies. Injection of enriched populations of cancer stem-like cells (also referred to as tumor initiating cells) into immunodeficient mice results in growth of xenografts which express cancer stem-like biomarkers. Human cancer stem-like cells have been identified in thyroid cancer cell lines, in primary thyroid cancers, in normal pituitary, and in pituitary tumors. Other recent studies suggest the existence of stem cells and cancer stem-like cells in endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lungs, adrenal, parathyroid, and skin. New discoveries in this field may lead to more effective therapies for highly aggressive and lethal endocrine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/436 CSC 8550, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Culver JC, Vadakkan TJ, Dickinson ME. A specialized microvascular domain in the mouse neural stem cell niche. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53546. [PMID: 23308251 PMCID: PMC3538546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of the subependymal zone (SEZ) neural stem cell niche is necessary for regulating adult neurogenesis. In particular, signaling from the microvasculature is essential for adult neural stem cell maintenance, but microvascular structure and blood flow dynamics in the SEZ are not well understood. In this work, we show that the mouse SEZ constitutes a specialized microvascular domain defined by unique vessel architecture and reduced rates of blood flow. Additionally, we demonstrate that hypoxic conditions are detectable in the ependymal layer that lines the ventricle, and in a subpopulation of neurons throughout the SEZ and striatum. Together, these data highlight previously unidentified features of the SEZ neural stem cell niche, and further demonstrate the extent of microvascular specialization in the SEZ microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Culver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tegy J. Vadakkan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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