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D’Haese S, Claes L, de Laat I, Van Campenhout S, Deluyker D, Heeren E, Haesen S, Lambrichts I, Wouters K, Schalkwijk CG, Hansen D, Eijnde BO, Bito V. Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training Offer Equal Cardioprotection, with Different Mechanisms, during the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:431. [PMID: 38337716 PMCID: PMC10856993 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training is a promising cardioprotective strategy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not clear. We aimed to investigate whether and how isocaloric moderate-intensity exercise training (MIT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) could prevent the adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction that develop T2DM in rats. Male rats received a Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM and underwent a sedentary lifestyle (n = 7), MIT (n = 7) or HIIT (n = 8). Insulin resistance was defined as the HOMA-IR value. Cardiac function was assessed with left ventricular (LV) echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. A qPCR and histology of LV tissue unraveled underlying mechanisms. We found that MIT and HIIT halted T2DM development compared to in sedentary WD rats (p < 0.05). Both interventions prevented increases in LV end-systolic pressure, wall thickness and interstitial collagen content (p < 0.05). In LV tissue, HIIT tended to upregulate the gene expression of an ROS-generating enzyme (NOX4), while both modalities increased proinflammatory macrophage markers and cytokines (CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β; p < 0.05). HIIT promoted antioxidant and dicarbonyl defense systems (SOD2, glyoxalase 1; p < 0.05) whereas MIT elevated anti-inflammatory macrophage marker expression (CD206, CD163; p < 0.01). We conclude that both MIT and HIIT limit WD-induced T2DM with diastolic dysfunction and pathological LV hypertrophy, possibly using different adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D’Haese
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (K.W.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Lisa Claes
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Iris de Laat
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Sven Van Campenhout
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Ellen Heeren
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Sibren Haesen
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (K.W.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (K.W.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Dominique Hansen
- UHasselt, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - BO Eijnde
- SMRc-Sports Medicine Research Center, BIOMED-Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Division of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.); (D.D.); (E.H.); (S.H.); (I.L.)
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Huang PY, Chiang CC, Huang CY, Lin PY, Kuo HC, Kuo CH, Hsieh CC. Lunasin ameliorates glucose utilization in C2C12 myotubes and metabolites profile in diet-induced obese mice benefiting metabolic disorders. Life Sci 2023; 333:122180. [PMID: 37848083 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is the main cause of low-grade inflammation and oxidation, resulting in insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a seed peptide lunasin on glucose utilization in C2C12 myotubes and the metabolite profiles in obese mice. MAIN METHODS C2C12 myotubes were challenged by palmitic acid (PA) to mimic the obese microenvironment and inflammation, cell vitality, and glucose utilization were determined. C57BL6/j mice were divided into low-fat diet (LF), high-fat diet (HF), and HF with intraperitoneally injected lunasin (HFL) groups. Glucose intolerance and metabolite profiles of the tissues were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS In vitro, C2C12 myotubes treated with lunasin showed decreased proinflammatory cytokines and increased cell vitality under palmitic acid conditions. Lunasin improved glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 expression by activating insulin receptor substrate-1 and AKT phosphorylation. Next-generation sequencing revealed that lunasin regulates genes expression by promoting insulin secretion and decreasing oxidative stress. In vivo, HF mice showed increased tricarboxylic acid cycle and uric acid metabolites but decreased bile acids metabolites and specific amino acids. Lunasin intervention improved glucose intolerance and modulated metabolites associated with increased insulin sensitivity and decreased metabolic disorders. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to reveal that lunasin is a promising regulator of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and glucose utilization in myotubes and ameliorating glucose uptake and metabolite profiles in obese mice, contributing to glucose homeostasis and benefiting metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science &Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ching Chiang
- School of Life Science, Undergraduate and Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ya Huang
- School of Life Science, Undergraduate and Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Lin
- School of Life Science, Undergraduate and Graduate Programs of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Biochemical Science &Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Su L, Yan X, Pan Y, Yang S. Cross-sectional associations between questionnaire-measured physical activity and tissue doppler indices of left ventricular diastolic function. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:527. [PMID: 37891468 PMCID: PMC10612190 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been increasing over the past decade, and to date, effective pharmacotherapies that enhance LV diastolic function have not yet been identified. Though some data has demonstrated the beneficial effects of exercise training on LV diastolic function, little is known about the adaptations of diastolic function to daily physical activity (PA). Accordingly, our study aimed to investigate the impact of daily PA on tissue Doppler indices of LV diastolic function. METHODS A total of 432 participants were enrolled for clinically indicated echocardiography from July 2019 to July 2020 at Peking University People's Hospital. Participants aged ≥ 18 years were included if they had stable PA in the past six months and normal LV systolic function. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, medical history, and daily PA. According to PA Guidelines for Americans, we identified these participants into low-intensity PA (LPA) group and moderate-high-intensity PA (MHPA) group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match potential confounding factors between the two groups. The clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters between LPA group and MHPA group were compared using student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test as appropriate. RESULTS After matching potential confounding factors using PSM with a 1:3 matching ratio, our final analysis included 86 cases in the MHPA group and 214 cases in the LPA group. All demographic characteristics and comorbidities were statistically similar between the two groups. Compared to the LPA group, the MHPA group showed higher septal e' (7.9 ± 2.9 cm/s versus 7.2 ± 2.6 cm/s, P = 0.047). Other echocardiographic parameters associated with LV diastolic function concerning lateral e' and average E/e', also trended towards improved LV diastolic function in the MHPA group, but failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that moderate-high-intensity daily PA was associated with improved septal e', suggesting that moderate-high-intensity PA could potentially ameliorate LV diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Su
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yongmei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Songna Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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D’Haese S, Verboven M, Evens L, Deluyker D, Lambrichts I, Eijnde BO, Hansen D, Bito V. Moderate- and High-Intensity Endurance Training Alleviate Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3950. [PMID: 37764732 PMCID: PMC10535416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is an encouraging approach to treat cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not understood. We aim to investigate whether and, if so, how moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alleviate adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in rats with T2DM. Male rats received standard chow (n = 10) or Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM. Hereafter, WD rats were subjected to a 12-week sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), running MIT (n = 7) or HIIT (n = 7). Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were assessed during the oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were evaluated. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements evaluated cardiac function. Underlying cardiac mechanisms were investigated by histology, western blot and colorimetry. We found that MIT and HIIT lowered insulin resistance and blood glucose levels compared to sedentary WD rats. MIT decreased harmful plasma AGE levels. In the heart, MIT and HIIT lowered end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular wall thickness and interstitial collagen deposition. Cardiac citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial oxidative capacity marker, raised after both exercise training modalities. We conclude that MIT and HIIT are effective in alleviating diastolic dysfunction and pathological cardiac remodeling in T2DM, by lowering fibrosis and optimizing mitochondrial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D’Haese
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim Verboven
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Lize Evens
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - BO Eijnde
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
- UHasselt, SMRC Sports Medical Research Center, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Division of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Dominique Hansen
- UHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.D.)
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Rahbarghazi A, Alamdari KA, Rahbarghazi R, Salehi-Pourmehr H. Co-administration of exercise training and melatonin on the function of diabetic heart tissue: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent models. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:67. [PMID: 37005639 PMCID: PMC10067225 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM), a hyperglycemic condition, occurs due to the failure of insulin secretion and resistance. This study investigated the combined effects of exercise training and melatonin (Mel) on the function of heart tissue in diabetic rodent models. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane library, Clinicaltrial.gov, WHO, Google Scholar, PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, Ongoing Trials Registers, and Conference Proceedings in July 2022 with no limit of date or language. All trials associated with the effect of Mel and exercise in diabetic rodent models were included. Of the 962 relevant publications, 58 studies met our inclusion criteria as follows; Mel and type 1 DM (16 studies), Mel and type 2 DM (6 studies), exercise and type 1 DM (24 studies), and exercise and type 2 DM (12 studies). Meta-analysis of the data was done using the Mantel Haenszel method. RESULTS In most of these studies, antioxidant status and oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis rate, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were monitored in diabetic heart tissue. According to our findings, both Mel and exercise can improve antioxidant capacity by activating antioxidant enzymes compared to the control diabetic groups (p < 0.05). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α were reduced in diabetic rodents after being treated with Mel and exercise. Apoptotic changes were diminished in diabetic rodents subjected to the Mel regime and exercise in which p53 levels and the activity of Caspases reached near normal levels (p < 0.05). Based on the data, both Mel and exercise can change the lipid profile in diabetic rodents, especially rats, and close it to near-to-control levels. CONCLUSION These data showed that exercise and Mel can reduce the harmful effects of diabetic conditions on the heart through the regulation of lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, apoptosis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Rahbarghazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil, 56199-11367 Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li S, Ma J, Pang X, Liang Y, Li X, Wang M, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. Time-dependent Effects of Moderate- and High-intensity Exercises on Myocardial Transcriptomics. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1214-1225. [PMID: 36063823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a highly adaptable organ that responds to changes in functional requirements due to exposure to internal and external stimuli. Physical exercise has unique stimulatory effects on the myocardium in both healthy individuals and those with health disorders, where the effects are primarily determined by the intensity and recovery time of exercise. We investigated the time-dependent effects of different exercise intensities on myocardial transcriptional expression in rats. Moderate intensity exercise induced more differentially expressed genes in the myocardium than high intensity exercise, while 16 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated by moderate intensity exercise but up-regulated by high intensity exercise at 12 h post- exercise. Both Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that moderate intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to heart adaptation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, while high intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, there was increased expression of Tbx5, Casq1, Igsf1, and Ddah1 at all time points after moderate intensity exercise, while there was increased expression of Card9 at all time points after high intensity exercise. Our study provides a better understanding of the intensity dependent effects of physical exercise of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hastings MH, Herrera JJ, Guseh JS, Atlason B, Houstis NE, Abdul Kadir A, Li H, Sheffield C, Singh AP, Roh JD, Day SM, Rosenzweig A. Animal Models of Exercise From Rodents to Pythons. Circ Res 2022; 130:1994-2014. [PMID: 35679366 PMCID: PMC9202075 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic animal models of exercise are commonly used in research. Acute exercise testing is used, often in combination with genetic, pharmacological, or other manipulations, to study the impact of these manipulations on the cardiovascular response to exercise and to detect impairments or improvements in cardiovascular function that may not be evident at rest. Chronic exercise conditioning models are used to study the cardiac phenotypic response to regular exercise training and as a platform for discovery of novel pathways mediating cardiovascular benefits conferred by exercise conditioning that could be exploited therapeutically. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well established, and, frequently, molecular manipulations that mimic the pathway changes induced by exercise recapitulate at least some of its benefits. This review discusses approaches for assessing cardiovascular function during an acute exercise challenge in rodents, as well as practical and conceptual considerations in the use of common rodent exercise conditioning models. The case for studying feeding in the Burmese python as a model for exercise-like physiological adaptation is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Hastings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jonathan J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.J.H.)
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Bjarni Atlason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Nicholas E Houstis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Cedric Sheffield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Anand P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jason D Roh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine' University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.)
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
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Wang X, Yi X, Tang D. Aerobic Exercise Improves Pulmonary Fibrosis by Improving Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Obese Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 12:785117. [PMID: 35115954 PMCID: PMC8804531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with pulmonary fibrosis. We attempted to identify whether regular aerobic exercise (AE) can protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: chow group (Ch), chow plus exercise group (CE), obesity group (Ob), and obesity plus exercise group (OE). The mice were fed either an HFD or a chow diet for 16 weeks, and low-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) was performed in the last 8 weeks. We measured the degree of pulmonary fibrosis; pulmonary inflammation; oxidative stress parameters; insulin resistance-related indicators; the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); the mRNA expression levels of IL-10, IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL-17, MMP-9, MPO, NE, and sirt-1; and the BALF levels of CXCL-1, IL-17, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lung tissue. Results AE in obese mice protected against obesity-associated pulmonary fibrosis, chronic inflammation, pro-oxidative/antioxidative imbalance, and insulin resistance. AE ameliorated the HFD-induced inflammatory response and neutrophil infiltration in the lung. AE downregulated BALF levels of CXCL-1, IL-1β, TNF-α IL-17, and TGF-β but upregulated BALF levels of IL-10. AE decreased IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL-17, MMP-9, MPO, and NE mRNA expression levels but upregulated IL-10 and sirt-1 mRNA expression levels in the lung. Conclusions AE protects against HFD-induced pulmonary fibrosis by improving obesity-associated insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and pro-oxidative/antioxidative imbalance. AE improved HFD-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing IL-17, TGF-β, NE, and MMP-9 expression and activating IL-10 and sirt-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Wang
- Department of College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xishuai Wang,
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donghui Tang
- Department of College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Donghui Tang,
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Zhang J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Pan J, Li X, Feng B, Yang Q. Gene Mutations Related to Glucocorticoid Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:831229. [PMID: 35733807 PMCID: PMC9207762 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.831229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between gene mutations and glucocorticoid resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS A total of 71 children with ALL admitted to our center between September 2019 and September 2021 were enrolled. DNA obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood samples at initial diagnosis was used for genetic testing via whole exome sequencing. Meanwhile, patient clinical information was collected. Subsequently, the correlations of gene mutations with clinical features and glucocorticoid resistance were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 71 children enrolled, 61 (85.9%) had B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and 10 (14.1%) had T-cell ALL (T-ALL). The five genes with the highest mutation frequency in B-ALL were TTN (24.4%), FLT3 (14.6%), TP53 (14.6%), MUC16 (9.8%), and EPPK1 (9.8%). In contrast, those with the highest frequency in T-ALL were NOTCH1 (54.5%), FBXW7 (27.3%), TTN (27.3%), MUC16 (27.3%), and PHF6 (18.2%). Upon statistical analysis, TTN and NOTCH1 mutations were found to be associated with prednisone resistance. Further, TTN and MUC16 mutations were associated with a lower age at diagnosis, and NOTCH1 mutations were associated with T-ALL in female patients. Leukocyte counts and LDH levels did not differ based on the presence of any common gene mutation, and no association between these gene mutations and overall survival was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate the association between TTN mutation and glucocorticoid resistance in ALL. Our findings could guide strategies for overcoming drug resistance and aid in the development of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinFang Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - LingJi Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuLian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianWei Pan
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - XingDong Li
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Feng
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Zhao Y, Cholewa J, Shang H, Yang Y, Ding X, Liu S, Xia Z, Zanchi NE, Wang Q. Exercise May Promote Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy via Enhancing Leucine-Sensing: Preliminary Evidence. Front Physiol 2021; 12:741038. [PMID: 34630161 PMCID: PMC8497892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated a positive effect of exercise (especially resistance exercise) on the mTOR signaling that control muscle protein synthesis and muscle remodeling. However, the relationship between exercise, mTOR activation and leucine-sensing requires further clarification. Two month old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to aerobic exercise (treadmill running at 20 m/min, 6° incline for 60 min) and resistance exercise (incremental ladder climbing) for 4 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscles were removed for determination of muscle fibers diameter, cross-sectional area (CSA), protein concentration and proteins involved in muscle leucine-sensing and protein synthesis. The results show that 4 weeks of resistance exercise increased the diameter and CSA of gastrocnemius muscle fibers, protein concentration, the phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser2448), 4E-BP1(Thr37/46), p70S6K (Thr389), and the expression of LeuRS, while aerobic exercise just led to a significant increase in protein concentration and the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1(Thr37/46). Moreover, no difference was found for Sestrin2 expression between groups. The current study shows resistance exercise, but not aerobic exercise, may increase muscle protein synthesis and protein deposition, and induces muscle hypertrophy through LeuRS/mTOR signaling pathway. However, further studies are still warranted to clarify the exact effects of vary intensities and durations of aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jason Cholewa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Huayu Shang
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqin Yang
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ding
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Shaosheng Liu
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Zhi Xia
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Nelo Eidy Zanchi
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Biology and Human Strength Performance (LABFORCEH), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
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11
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Cordeiro JP, Silva VLD, Campos DH, Cicogna AC, Leopoldo AS, Lima-Leopoldo AP. Isolated obesity resistance condition or associated with aerobic exercise training does not promote cardiac impairment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10669. [PMID: 34287576 PMCID: PMC8289349 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in cardiac function and calcium (Ca2+) handling in obese-resistant (OR) rats are still poorly determined. We tested the hypothesis that unsaturated high-fat diet (HFD) promotes myocardial dysfunction in OR rats, which it is related to Ca2+ handling. In addition, we questioned whether exercise training (ET) becomes a therapeutic strategy. Male Wistar rats (n=80) were randomized to standard or HFD diets for 20 weeks. The rats were redistributed for the absence or presence of ET and OR: control (C; n=12), control + ET (CET; n=14), obese-resistant (OR; n=9), and obese-resistant + ET (ORET; n=10). Trained rats were subjected to aerobic training protocol with progressive intensity (55-70% of the maximum running speed) and duration (15 to 60 min/day) for 12 weeks. Nutritional, metabolic, and cardiovascular parameters were determined. Cardiac function and Ca2+ handling tests were performed in isolated left ventricle (LV) papillary muscle. OR rats showed cardiac atrophy with reduced collagen levels, but there was myocardial dysfunction. ET was efficient in improving most parameters of body composition. However, the mechanical properties and Ca2+ handling from isolated papillary muscle were similar among groups. Aerobic ET does not promote morphological and cardiac functional adaptation under the condition of OR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - V L da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - D H Campos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Cicogna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - A S Leopoldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A P Lima-Leopoldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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12
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Lichtenauer M, Jirak P, Paar V, Sipos B, Kopp K, Berezin AE. Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus: Biomarkers in Risk Stratification and Prognostication. APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 11:4397. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a synergistic effect on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in patients with established CV disease (CVD). The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge regarding the discriminative abilities of conventional and novel biomarkers in T2DM patients with established HF or at higher risk of developing HF. While conventional biomarkers, such as natriuretic peptides and high-sensitivity troponins demonstrate high predictive ability in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), this is not the case for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a heterogeneous disease with a high variability of CVD and conventional risk factors including T2DM, hypertension, renal disease, older age, and female sex; therefore, the extrapolation of predictive abilities of traditional biomarkers on this population is constrained. New biomarker-based approaches are disputed to be sufficient for improving risk stratification and the prediction of poor clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF. Novel biomarkers of biomechanical stress, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and collagen turn-over have shown potential benefits in determining prognosis in T2DM patients with HF regardless of natriuretic peptides, but their role in point-to-care and in routine practice requires elucidation in large clinical trials.
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13
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Budiono BP, See Hoe LE, Peart JN, Vider J, Ashton KJ, Jacques A, Haseler LJ, Headrick JP. Effects of voluntary exercise duration on myocardial ischaemic tolerance, kinase signaling and gene expression. Life Sci 2021; 274:119253. [PMID: 33647270 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Exercise is cardioprotective, though optimal interventions are unclear. We assessed duration dependent effects of exercise on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, kinase signaling and gene expression. METHODS Responses to brief (2 day; 2EX), intermediate (7 and 14 day; 7EX and 14EX) and extended (28 day; 28EX) voluntary wheel running (VWR) were studied in male C57Bl/6 mice. Cardiac function, I-R tolerance and survival kinase signaling were assessed in perfused hearts. KEY FINDINGS Mice progressively increased running distances and intensity, from 2.4 ± 0.2 km/day (0.55 ± 0.04 m/s) at 2-days to 10.6 ± 0.4 km/day (0.72 ± 0.06 m/s) after 28-days. Myocardial mass and contractility were modified at 14-28 days VWR. Cardioprotection was not 'dose-dependent', with I-R tolerance enhanced within 7 days and not further improved with greater VWR duration, volume or intensity. Protection was associated with AKT, ERK1/2 and GSK3β phosphorylation, with phospho-AMPK selectively enhanced with brief VWR. Gene expression was duration-dependent: 7 day VWR up-regulated glycolytic (Pfkm) and down-regulated maladaptive remodeling (Mmp2) genes; 28 day VWR up-regulated caveolar (Cav3), mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Sirt3) and titin (Ttn) genes. Interestingly, I-R tolerance in 2EX/2SED groups improved vs. groups subjected to longer sedentariness, suggesting transient protection on transition to housing with running wheels. SIGNIFICANCE Cardioprotection is induced with as little as 7 days VWR, yet not enhanced with further or faster running. This protection is linked to survival kinase phospho-regulation (particularly AKT and ERK1/2), with glycolytic, mitochondrial, caveolar and myofibrillar gene changes potentially contributing. Intriguingly, environmental enrichment may also protect via similar kinase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Budiono
- Charles Sturt University, School of Community Health, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Bond University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Luke J Haseler
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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14
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Huang S, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Scriptaid/exercise-induced lysine acetylation is another type of posttranslational modification occurring in titin. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:276-285. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00617.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin serves important functions in skeletal muscle during exercise, and posttranslational modifications of titin participate in the regulation of titin-based sarcomeric functions. Scriptaid has exercise-like effects through the inhibition of HDAC and regulatory acetylation of proteins. However, it remains mostly unclear if exercise could result in titin’s acetylation and whether Scriptaid could regulate acetylation of titin. We treated C57BL/6 mice with 6-wk treadmill exercise and 6-wk Scriptaid administration to explore Scriptaid’s effects on mice exercise capacity and whether Scriptaid administration/exercise could induce titin’s acetylation modification. An exercise endurance test was conducted to explore their effects on mice exercise capacity, and proteomic studies were conducted with gastrocnemius muscle tissue of mice from different groups to explore titin’s acetylation modification. We found that Scriptaid and exercise did not change titin’s protein expression, but they did induce acetylation modification changes of titin. In total, 333 acetylated lysine sites were identified. Exercise changed the acetylation levels of 33 lysine sites of titin, whereas Scriptaid changed acetylation levels of 31 titin lysine sites. Exercise treatment and Scriptaid administration shared 11 lysine sites. In conclusion, Scriptaid increased exercise endurance of mice by increasing the time mice spent running to fatigue. Acetylation is a common type of posttranslational modification of titin, and exercise/Scriptaid changed the acetylation levels of titin and titin-interacting proteins. Most importantly, titin may be a mediator through which Scriptaid and exercise modulate the properties and functions of exercise-induced skeletal muscle at the molecular level. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Scriptaid administration increased mouse exercise endurance. Acetylation is another type of posttranslational modification of titin. Scriptaid/exercise changed acetylation levels of titin and titin-interacting proteins. Titin may mediate exercise-induced skeletal muscle properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Tahir U, Monroy JA, Rice NA, Nishikawa KC. Effects of a titin mutation on force enhancement and force depression in mouse soleus muscles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.197038. [PMID: 31862847 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.197038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The active isometric force produced by muscles varies with muscle length in accordance with the force-length relationship. Compared with isometric contractions at the same final length, force increases after active lengthening (force enhancement) and decreases after active shortening (force depression). In addition to cross-bridges, titin has been suggested to contribute to force enhancement and depression. Although titin is too compliant in passive muscles to contribute to active tension at short sarcomere lengths on the ascending limb and plateau of the force-length relationship, recent evidence suggests that activation increases titin stiffness. To test the hypothesis that titin plays a role in force enhancement and depression, we investigated isovelocity stretching and shortening in active and passive wild-type and mdm (muscular dystrophy with myositis) soleus muscles. Skeletal muscles from mdm mice have a small deletion in the N2A region of titin and show no increase in titin stiffness during active stretch. We found that: (1) force enhancement and depression were reduced in mdm soleus compared with wild-type muscles relative to passive force after stretch or shortening to the same final length; (2) force enhancement and force depression increased with amplitude of stretch across all activation levels in wild-type muscles; and (3) maximum shortening velocity of wild-type and mdm muscles estimated from isovelocity experiments was similar, although active stress was reduced in mdm compared with wild-type muscles. The results of this study suggest a role for titin in force enhancement and depression, which contribute importantly to muscle force during natural movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Tahir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
| | - Jenna A Monroy
- W. M. Keck Science Department, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711-5916, USA
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
| | - Kiisa C Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
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16
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhao D, Zhang L, Chen P, Xu X. Integration of metabolomics and proteomics to reveal the metabolic characteristics of high-intensity interval training. Analyst 2020; 145:6500-6510. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and proteomics were integrated to research the molecular characterization of high-intensity interval training, revealing changes in biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
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Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246284. [PMID: 31842522 PMCID: PMC6940726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising due to diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function and calcium regulation. This review summarizes the recent scientific findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.
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18
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Wang SQ, Li D, Yuan Y. Long-term moderate intensity exercise alleviates myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats via inhibitions of oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smad pathway. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:861-873. [PMID: 31392590 PMCID: PMC10716963 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has an effect on the reduction of myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats as previously reported, in which oxidative stress and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway may play key roles. There is little direct experimental evidence that exercise alleviates myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we established a type 2 diabetic model by using streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. Rats were divided into groups of normal control (NC), T2DM and T2DM plus exercise (T2DME). The T2DME group received further treadmill training at moderate intensity for 8 weeks. Histological and biochemical methods were used to detect the benefits of exercise to T2DM. Results showed that the weight of rats in the T2DM group dropped dramatically, along with significant increases in blood glucose, myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress, associated with upregulated expression of factors of myocardial fibrosis, except Smad7. Exercise largely reversed T2DM-induced alterations in factors of myocardial fibrosis, including suppressing expression of MMP-2, CTGF, TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3, and increased expression of TIMP-1 and Smad7. Therefore, exercise might be considered an alternative therapeutic remedy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Wang
- Physical Education College, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Physical Education College, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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