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Keshavarz Shahbaz S, Koushki K, Keshavarz Hedayati S, McCloskey AP, Kesharwani P, Naderi Y, Sahebkar A. Polymer nanotherapeutics: A promising approach toward microglial inhibition in neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39031446 DOI: 10.1002/med.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) that target multiple transport mechanisms facilitate targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) and improve therapeutic transport and efficacy across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CNS nanotherapeutics mostly target neurons and endothelial cells, however, microglial immune cells are the first line of defense against neuronal damage and brain infections. Through triggering release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, microglia can however precipitate neurological damage-a significant factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, microglial inhibitory agents are attracting much attention among those researching and developing novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. The most established inhibitors of microglia investigated to date are resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and minocycline. Thus, there is great interest in developing novel agents that can bypass or easily cross the BBB. One such approach is the use of modified-nanocarriers as, or for, delivery of, therapeutic agents to the brain and wider CNS. For microglial inhibition, polymeric NPs are the preferred vehicles for choice. Here, we summarize the immunologic and neuroinflammatory role of microglia, established microglia inhibitor agents, challenges of CNS drug delivery, and the nanotherapeutics explored for microglia inhibition to date. We also discuss applications of the currently considered "most useful" polymeric NPs for microglial-inhibitor drug delivery in CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadije Koushki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alice P McCloskey
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yazdan Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Ansari MA, Tripathi T, Venkidasamy B, Monziani A, Rajakumar G, Alomary MN, Alyahya SA, Onimus O, D'souza N, Barkat MA, Al-Suhaimi EA, Samynathan R, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Alzheimer's Disease: Befriending the Barriers. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3042-3089. [PMID: 37966683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have been increasing in incidence in recent years and are now widespread worldwide. Neuronal death is defined as the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function which is closely associated with NDDs and represents the intrinsic features of such disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases (AD, PD, and HD, respectively) are considered neurodegenerative diseases that affect a large number of people worldwide. Despite the testing of various drugs, there is currently no available therapy that can remedy or effectively slow the progression of these diseases. Nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery for the management of NDDs. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently been developed to improve drug delivery efficiency and is currently subjected to extensive studies. Nanoengineered particles, known as nanodrugs, can cross the blood-brain barrier while also being less invasive compared to the most treatment strategies in use. Polymeric, magnetic, carbonic, and inorganic NPs are examples of NPs that have been developed to improve drug delivery efficiency. Primary research studies using NPs to cure AD are promising, but thorough research is needed to introduce these approaches to clinical use. In the present review, we discussed the role of metal-based NPs, polymeric nanogels, nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, solid lipid NPs, polymeric NPs, exosomes, quantum dots, dendrimers, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers and surfactant-based systems for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we highlighted nanoformulations such as N-butyl cyanoacrylate, poly(butyl cyanoacrylate), D-penicillamine, citrate-coated peptide, magnetic iron oxide, chitosan (CS), lipoprotein, ceria, silica, metallic nanoparticles, cholinesterase inhibitors, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, metal chelators, anti-amyloid, protein, and peptide-loaded NPs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takshashila Tripathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Monziani
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oriane Onimus
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Naomi D'souza
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Research Consultation Department, Vice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Marzaman ANF, Roska TP, Sartini S, Utami RN, Sulistiawati S, Enggi CK, Manggau MA, Rahman L, Shastri VP, Permana AD. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Approaches of Antimicrobial Agents for Selective Delivery in Various Administration Routes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050822. [PMID: 37237725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the increase of pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic-resistant characteristics has become a critical challenge in medical treatment. The misuse of conventional antibiotics to treat an infectious disease often results in increased resistance and a scarcity of effective antimicrobials to be used in the future against the organisms. Here, we discuss the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need to combat it through the discovery of new synthetic or naturally occurring antibacterial compounds, as well as insights into the application of various drug delivery approaches delivered via various routes compared to conventional delivery systems. AMR-related infectious diseases are also discussed, as is the efficiency of various delivery systems. Future considerations in developing highly effective antimicrobial delivery devices to address antibiotic resistance are also presented here, especially on the smart delivery system of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tri Puspita Roska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sartini Sartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Rifka Nurul Utami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Latifah Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Venkatram Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert Ludwigs Universitat Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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Li Z, Xu K, Qin L, Zhao D, Yang N, Wang D, Yang Y. Hollow Nanomaterials in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: From Single- to Multiple Shells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203890. [PMID: 35998336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hollow-structured nanomaterials (HSNMs) have attracted increased interest in biomedical fields, owing to their excellent potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for clinical applications. Among HSNMs, hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMSs) exhibit properties such as high loading capacity, sequential drug release, and multi-functionalized modification and represent a new class of nanoplatforms for clinical applications. The remarkable properties of HoMS-based DDS can simultaneously satisfy and enhance DDSs for delivering small molecular drugs (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and imaging agents) and macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein/peptide- and nucleic acid-based drugs). First, the latest research advances in delivering small molecular drugs are summarized and highlight the inherent advantages of HoMS-based DDSs for small molecular drug targeting, combining continuous therapeutic drug delivery and theranostics to optimize the clinical benefit. Meanwhile, the macromolecular drugs DDSs are in the initial development stage and currently offer limited delivery modes. There is a growing need to analyze the deficiency of other HSNMs and integrate the advantages of HSNMs, providing solutions for the safe, stable, and cascade delivery of macromolecular drugs to meet vast treatment requirements. Therefore, the latest advances in HoMS-based DDSs are comprehensively reviewed, mainly focusing on the characteristics, research progress by drug category, and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Decai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nailiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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Mozafari N, Dehshahri A, Ashrafi H, Mohammadi-Samani S, Shahbazi MA, Heidari R, Azarpira N, Azadi A. Vesicles of yeast cell wall-sitagliptin to alleviate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102575. [PMID: 35714923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell-based drug delivery system based on yeast-cell wall loaded with sitagliptin, a drug with an anti-inflammatory effect, was developed to control neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. The optimized nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a negative surface charge, and were shown to be less toxic than the carrier and sitagliptin. Moreover, the nanoparticles caused anti-inflammatory effects against tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mice model of neuroinflammation. The pharmacokinetics study showed the brain concentration of drug in the nanoparticles group was much higher than in the control group. To evaluate the effect of P-glycoprotein on brain entry of sitagliptin, the experiment was repeated with verapamil, as a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Brain concentration of the nanoparticles group remained approximately unchanged, proving the "Trojan Horse" effect of the developed nanocarriers. The results are promising for using yeast-cell wall as a carrier for targeted delivery to immune cells for the management of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mozafari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Pereira ELR, Feio DCA, Tavares JPL, Morikawa NM, Deus DF, Vital CG, Tavares ER, Maranhão RC. Uptake of lipid core nanoparticles by fragments of tissues collected during cerebral tumor excision surgeries: hypotheses for use in drug targeting therapy. J Neurooncol 2022; 158:413-421. [PMID: 35612697 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant cerebral tumors have poor prognosis and the blood-brain barrier is a major hindrance for most drugs to reach those tumors. Lipid nanoparticles (LDE) that bind to lipoprotein receptors may carry anticancer drugs and penetrate the cells through those receptors that are overexpressed in gliomas. The aim was to investigate the in vivo uptake of LDE by human cerebral tumors. METHODS Twelve consecutive patients (4 with glioblastomas, 1 meduloblastoma, 1 primary lymphoma, 2 with non-cerebral metastases and 4 with benign tumors) scheduled for tumor excision surgery were injected intravenously, 12 h before surgery, with LDE labeled 14C-cholesterol oleate. Fragments of tumors and of normal head tissues (muscle, periosteum, dura mater) discarded by the surgeon were submitted to lipid extraction and radioactive counting. RESULTS Tumor LDE uptake (range: 10-283 d.p.m./g of tissue) was not lower than that of normal tissues (range: 20-263 d.p.m./g). Malignant tumor uptake was threefold greater than benign tumor uptake (140 ± 93 vs 46 ± 18 d.p.m./g, p < 0.05). Results show that LDE can concentrate in brain malignant tumors and may be used to carry drugs directed against those tumors. CONCLUSION As LDE was previously shown to markedly decrease drug toxicity this new therapeutic strategy should be tested in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo Luís Rodrigues Pereira
- Servico de Cirurgia, Nucleo de Pesquisas em Neurooncologia, Hospital Universitario Joao de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | | | - João Pojucan Lobo Tavares
- Servico de Cirurgia, Nucleo de Pesquisas em Neurooncologia, Hospital Universitario Joao de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Natalia Megumi Morikawa
- Servico de Cirurgia, Nucleo de Pesquisas em Neurooncologia, Hospital Universitario Joao de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Debora Fernandes Deus
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Graziani Vital
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Rufo Tavares
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Cavalcante Maranhão
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Tecnologia em Fluidos Complexos (INCT-FCx), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides, Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, bloco 2, 1º subsolo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Emerging trends in the delivery of nanoformulated oxytocin across Blood-Brain barrier. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121141. [PMID: 34597727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are related to the central nervous system disorders and considered as serious cases. Several drugs are used to treat neurological diseases; however, to date the main issue is to design a therapeutic model which can cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) easily. The delivery of neuropeptides into the brain lays as one of the important routes for treating neurological disorders. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated as potential therapeutics for neurological disorders. Among numerous neuropeptides, the oxytocin (OT) hormone is of particular interest as it serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain as well as its role as a hormone. OT has a wide-range of activities in the brain and has a key role in cognitive, neuroendocrine, and social functions. However, OT does not cross the BBB readily coupled with its half-life in the blood being too short. The current literature reveals that the delivery of OT by nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (DDS) improves its efficacy. Nanoparticle based DDS are considered important tools for the targeted delivery of drugs to the brain as they lower toxicity of the drug and improve the drug efficacy. Nanoparticles are advantageous candidates for biomedical applications due to their distinctive characteristics such as quantum effects, large surface area and their ability to carry and transport the drug to its target site. OT can be delivered through oral and intranasal routes, but the bioavailability of OT inside the brain can further be enhanced by the delivery using nanoparticles. The application of nano-based delivery system not only improves the penetration of OT inside brain but also increases its half-life by the application of encapsulation and extended release. The aim of current review is to provide an overview of nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems for the delivery of OT inside brain.
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Hodgetts SI, Lovett SJ, Baron-Heeris D, Fogliani A, Sturm M, Van den Heuvel C, Harvey AR. Effects of amyloid precursor protein peptide APP96-110, alone or with human mesenchymal stromal cells, on recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1376-1386. [PMID: 34782585 PMCID: PMC8643048 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of a peptide (APP96-110), derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), has been shown to elicit neuroprotective effects following cerebral stroke and traumatic brain injury. In this study, the effect of APP96-110 or a mutant version of this peptide (mAPP96-110) was assessed following moderate (200 kdyn, (2 N)) thoracic contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult Nude rats. Animals received a single tail vein injection of APP96-110 or mAPP96-110 at 30 minutes post-SCI and were then assessed for functional improvements over the next 8 weeks. A cohort of animals also received transplants of either viable or non-viable human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) into the SC lesion site at one week post-injury to assess the effect of combining intravenous APP96-110 delivery with hMSC treatment. Rats were perfused 8 weeks post-SCI and longitudinal sections of spinal cord analyzed for a number of factors including hMSC viability, cyst size, axonal regrowth, glial reactivity and macrophage activation. Analysis of sensorimotor function revealed occasional significant differences between groups using Ladderwalk or Ratwalk tests, however there were no consistent improvements in functional outcome after any of the treatments. mAPP96-110 alone, and APP96-110 in combination with both viable and non-viable hMSCs significantly reduced cyst size compared to SCI alone. Combined treatments with donor hMSCs also significantly increased βIII tubulin+, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and laminin+ expression, and decreased ED1+ expression in tissues. This preliminary study demonstrates that intravenous delivery of APP96-110 peptide has selective, modest neuroprotective effects following SCI, which may be enhanced when combined with hMSC transplantation. However, the effects are less pronounced and less consistent compared to the protective morphological and cognitive impact that this same peptide has on neuronal survival and behaviour after stroke and traumatic brain injury. Thus while the efficacy of a particular therapeutic approach in one CNS injury model may provide justification for its use in other neurotrauma models, similar outcomes may not necessarily occur and more targeted approaches suited to location and severity are required. All animal experiments were approved by The University of Western Australia Animal Ethics Committee (RA3/100/1460) on April 12, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart I Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA); Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lovett
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D Baron-Heeris
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Fogliani
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marian Sturm
- Cell and Tissue Therapies WA (CTTWA), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C Van den Heuvel
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA); Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
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9
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Huang B, Li X, Zhu X. The Role of GM130 in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:743787. [PMID: 34777211 PMCID: PMC8581157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.743787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) is a Golgi-shaping protein located on the cis surface of the Golgi apparatus (GA). It is one of the most studied Golgin proteins so far. Its biological functions are involved in many aspects of life processes, including mitosis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell polarity, and directed migration at the cellular level, as well as intracellular lipid and protein transport, microtubule formation and assembly, lysosome function maintenance, and glycosylation modification. Mutation inactivation or loss of expression of GM130 has been detected in patients with different diseases. GM130 plays an important role in the development of the nervous system, but the studies on it are limited. This article reviewed the current research progress of GM130 in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of GM130 in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), microcephaly (MCPH), sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE), and Ataxia, aiming to provide ideas for the further study of GM130 in nervous system disease detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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10
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Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:645-675. [PMID: 33320185 DOI: 10.1042/etls20190141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.
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11
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Huang B, Li X. The Role of Mfsd2a in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:730534. [PMID: 34566571 PMCID: PMC8461068 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.730534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the maximum and most diversified membrane transporter, acting as uniporters, symporters and antiporters. MFS is considered to have a good development potential in the transport of drugs for the treatment of brain diseases. The major facilitator superfamily domain containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a) is a member of MFS. Mfsd2a-knockout mice have shown a marked decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level in brain, exhibiting neuron loss, microcephaly and cognitive deficits, as DHA acts essentially in brain growth and integrity. Mfsd2a has attracted more and more attention in the study of nervous system diseases because of its critical role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and transporting DHA, including inhibiting cell transport in central nervous system endothelial cells, alleviating BBB injury, avoiding BBB injury in cerebral hemorrhage model, acting as a carrier etc. Up to now, the clinical research of Mfsd2a in nervous system diseases is rare. This article reviewed the current research progress of Mfsd2a in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of Mfsd2a in the occurrence and development of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), Alzheimer's disease (AD), sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) and intracranial tumor, aiming to provide ideas for the basic research and clinical application of Mfsd2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of dementia with high impact worldwide, accounting with more than 46 million cases. It is estimated that the number of patients will be four times higher in 2050. The initial symptoms of AD are almost imperceptible and typically involve lapses of memory in recent events. However, the available medicines still focus on controlling the symptoms and do not cure the disease. Regarding the advances in the discovery of new treatments for this devastating disease, natural compounds are gaining increasing relevance in the treatment of AD. Nevertheless, they present some limiting characteristics such as the low bioavailability and the low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that hinder the development of effective therapies. To overcome these issues, the delivery of natural products by targeting nanocarriers has aroused a great interest, improving the therapeutic activity of these molecules. In this article, a review of the research progress on drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve the therapeutic activity of natural compounds with neuroprotective effects for AD is presented. Graphical abstract.
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13
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Lu VM, McDonald KL. Lanthanum nanoparticles to target the brain: proof of biodistribution and biocompatibility with adjuvant therapies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2107-2117. [PMID: 32867588 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the biodistribution of lanthanum (III) oxide (La2O3) nanoparticle (NP) therapy to the brain and its biocompatibility with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). Materials & methods: Healthy balb/c nude mice were administered 4 weekly doses of La2O3 NP therapy via tail vein injection. Organ weights and lanthanum concentrations were evaluated. Results: La2O3 NP penetrated the brain. Concentrations were found to peak in the brain at 24 h after injection and persisted at 8 weeks after injection. Neither RT nor CT affected biodistribution. No adverse events or safety concerns in other organs were noted. Conclusion: La2O3 NP can reach the brain to target neurological disease and is biocompatible with RT and CT in a biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Lowy Cancer Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Lowy Cancer Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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De Simone U, Spinillo A, Caloni F, Gribaldo L, Coccini T. Neuron-Like Cells Generated from Human Umbilical Cord Lining-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a New In Vitro Model for Neuronal Toxicity Screening: Using Magnetite Nanoparticles as an Example. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E271. [PMID: 31906090 PMCID: PMC6982086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide employment of iron nanoparticles in environmental and occupational settings underlines their potential to enter the brain. Human cell-based systems are recommended as relevant models to reduce uncertainty and to improve prediction of human toxicity. This study aimed at demonstrating the in vitro differentiation of the human umbilical cord lining-derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hCL-MSCs) into neuron-like cells (hNLCs) and the benefit of using them as an ideal primary cell source of human origin for the neuronal toxicity of Fe3O4NPs (magnetite-nanoparticles). Neuron-like phenotype was confirmed by: live morphology; Nissl body staining; protein expression of different neuronal-specific markers (immunofluorescent staining), at different maturation stages (i.e., day-3-early and day-8-full differentiated), namely β-tubulin III, MAP-2, enolase (NSE), glial protein, and almost no nestin and SOX-2 expression. Synaptic makers (SYN, GAP43, and PSD95) were also expressed. Fe3O4NPs determined a concentration- and time-dependent reduction of hNLCs viability (by ATP and the Trypan Blue test). Cell density decreased (20-50%) and apoptotic effects were detected at ≥10 μg/mL in both types of differentiated hNLCs. Three-day-differentiated hNLCs were more susceptible (toxicity appeared early and lasted for up to 48 h) than 8-day-differentiated cells (delayed effects). The study demonstrated that (i) hCL-MSCs easily differentiated into neuronal-like cells; (ii) the hNCLs susceptibility to Fe3O4NPs; and (iii) human primary cultures of neurons are new in vitro model for NP evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods Unit, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy;
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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16
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Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration. Biomater Res 2019; 23:20. [PMID: 31832232 PMCID: PMC6869321 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern-day medicine, nanotechnology and nanoparticles are some of the indispensable tools in disease monitoring and therapy. The term “nanomaterials” describes materials with nanoscale dimensions (< 100 nm) and are broadly classified into natural and synthetic nanomaterials. However, “engineered” nanomaterials have received significant attention due to their versatility. Although enormous strides have been made in research and development in the field of nanotechnology, it is often confusing for beginners to make an informed choice regarding the nanocarrier system and its potential applications. Hence, in this review, we have endeavored to briefly explain the most commonly used nanomaterials, their core properties and how surface functionalization would facilitate competent delivery of drugs or therapeutic molecules. Similarly, the suitability of carbon-based nanomaterials like CNT and QD has been discussed for targeted drug delivery and siRNA therapy. One of the biggest challenges in the formulation of drug delivery systems is fulfilling targeted/specific drug delivery, controlling drug release and preventing opsonization. Thus, a different mechanism of drug targeting, the role of suitable drug-laden nanocarrier fabrication and methods to augment drug solubility and bioavailability are discussed. Additionally, different routes of nanocarrier administration are discussed to provide greater understanding of the biological and other barriers and their impact on drug transport. The overall aim of this article is to facilitate straightforward perception of nanocarrier design, routes of various nanoparticle administration and the challenges associated with each drug delivery method.
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Tezel G, Timur SS, Bozkurt İ, Türkoğlu ÖF, Eroğlu İ, Nemutlu E, Öner L, Eroğlu H. A Snapshot on the Current Status of Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatment Perspectives, in-Vitro and in-Vivo Research Studies and Future Opportunities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tezel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | | | - Ö. Faruk Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Atatürk Research and Education Hospital
| | - İpek Eroğlu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Levent Öner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Hakan Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
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Peviani M, Capasso Palmiero U, Cecere F, Milazzo R, Moscatelli D, Biffi A. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles administered in the cerebrospinal fluid: Brain biodistribution, preferential internalization in microglia and implications for cell-selective drug release. Biomaterials 2019; 209:25-40. [PMID: 31026609 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-selective drug release in the central nervous system (CNS) holds great promise for the treatment of many CNS disorders but it is still challenging. We previously demonstrated that polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) injected intra-parenchyma in the CNS can be internalized specifically in microglia/macrophages surrounding the injection site. Here, we explored NPs administration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to achieve a wider spreading and increased cell targeting throughout the CNS; we generated new NPs variants and studied the effect of modifying size and surface charge on NPs biodistribution and cellular uptake. Intra-cerebroventricular administration resulted in prevalent localization of the NPs in proximity to stem-cell niches, such as around the lateral ventricles, the subventricular zone and the rostral migratory stream. NPs internalization occurred preferentially in brain myeloid cells/microglia. We demonstrated that brain biodistribution and extent of internalization in microglia are influenced by NPs dimensions and can be improved by applying a transient disruption of the blood-brain barrier with mannitol, leading to NPs internalization in up to 25% of brain myeloid/microglia cells. A fraction of the targeted cells was positive for markers of proliferation or stained positive for stemness/progenitor-cell markers such as Nestin, c-kit, or NG2. Interestingly, through these newly formulated NPs we obtained controlled and selective release of drugs otherwise difficult to formulate (such as busulfan and etoposide) to the target cells, preventing unwanted side effects and the toxicity obtained by direct brain delivery of the not encapsulated drugs. Overall, these data provide proof of concept of the applicability of these novel NP-based drug formulations for achieving internalization not only in mature microglia but also possibly in more immature myeloid cells in the brain and pave the way for brain-restricted microglia-targeted drug delivery regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peviani
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Ave., 02215, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Cecere
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Milazzo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Ave., 02215, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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19
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De Simone U, Roccio M, Gribaldo L, Spinillo A, Caloni F, Coccini T. Human 3D Cultures as Models for Evaluating Magnetic Nanoparticle CNS Cytotoxicity after Short- and Repeated Long-Term Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071993. [PMID: 29986546 PMCID: PMC6073335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since nanoparticles (NPs) can translocate to the brain and impact the highly vulnerable central nervous system (CNS), novel in vitro tools for the assessment of NP-induced neurotoxicity are advocated. In this study, two types of CNS spheroids have been developed from human D384 astrocyte- and SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells, and optimized in combination with standard assays (viability readout and cell morphology) to test neurotoxic effects caused by Fe3O4NPs, as NP-model, after short- (24–48 h; 1–100µg/ml) and long-term repeated exposure (30days; 0.1–25µg/ml). Short-term exposure of 3D-spheroids to Fe3O4NP induced cytotoxicity at 10 µg/mL in astrocytes and 25 µg/mL neurons. After long-term repeated dose regimen, spheroids showed concentration- and time-dependent cell mortality at 10 µg/mL for D384 and 0.5 µg/mL for SH-SY5Y, indicating a higher susceptibility of neurons than astrocytes. Both spheroid types displayed cell disaggregation after the first week of treatment at ≥0.1 µg/mL and becoming considerably evident at higher concentrations and over time. Recreating the 3D-spatial environment of the CNS allows cells to behave in vitro more closely to the in vivo situations, therefore providing a model that can be used as a stand-alone test or as a part of integrated testing strategies. These models could drive an improvement in the species-relevant predictivity of toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-BC, IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marianna Roccio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemicals Safety and Alternative Methods Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-BC, IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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20
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Pei W, Wan X, Shahzad KA, Zhang L, Song S, Jin X, Wang L, Zhao C, Shen C. Direct modulation of myelin-autoreactive CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in EAE mice by a tolerogenic nanoparticle co-carrying myelin peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes, CD47 and multiple regulatory molecules. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3731-3750. [PMID: 29983566 PMCID: PMC6027825 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Numerous nanomaterials have been reported in the treatment of multiple sclerosis or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). But most of these nanoscale therapeutics deliver myelin antigens together with toxins or cytokines and underlay the cellular uptake and induction of tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells by which they indirectly induce T cell tolerance. This study focuses on the on-target and direct modulation of myelin-autoreactive T cells and combined use of multiple regulatory molecules by generating a tolerogenic nanoparticle. Materials and methods Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) were fabricated by co-coupling MOG40–54/H-2Db-Ig dimer, MOG35–55/I-Ab multimer, anti-Fas, PD-L1-Fc and CD47-Fc and encapsulating transforming growth factor-β1. The resulting 217 nm tolerogenic nanoparticles (tNPs) were administered intravenously into MOG35–55 peptide-induced EAE mice, which was followed by the investigation of therapeutic outcomes and the in vivo mechanism. Results Four infusions of the tNPs durably ameliorated EAE with a marked reduction of clinical score, neuroinflammation and demyelination. They were distributed in secondary lymphoid tissues, various organs and brain after intravenous injection, with retention over 36 h, and made contacts with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Two injections of the tNPs markedly decreased the MOG35–55-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells and MOG40–55-reactive Tc1 and Tc17 cells, increased regulatory T cells, inhibited T cell proliferation and elevated T cell apoptosis in spleen. Transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-10 were upregulated in the homogenates of central nervous system and supernatant of spleen cells. Conclusion Our data suggest a novel therapeutic nanoparticle to directly modulate autoreactive T cells by surface presentation of multiple ligands and paracrine release of cytokine in the antigen-specific combination immunotherapy for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Pei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Khawar Ali Shahzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Shilong Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Xiaoxiao Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
| | - Chuanlai Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China,
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Martínez-Negro M, Guerrero-Martínez A, García-Río L, Domènech Ò, Aicart E, Tros de Ilarduya C, Junquera E. Multidisciplinary Approach to the Transfection of Plasmid DNA by a Nonviral Nanocarrier Based on a Gemini-Bolaamphiphilic Hybrid Lipid. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:208-217. [PMID: 30023772 PMCID: PMC6044976 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary strategy, including both biochemical and biophysical studies, was proposed here to evaluate the potential of lipid nanoaggregates consisting of a mixture of a gemini-bolaamphiphilic lipid (C6C22C6) and the well-known helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) to transfect plasmid DNA into living cells in an efficient and safe way. For that purpose, several experimental techniques were employed, such as zeta potential (phase analysis light scattering methodology), agarose gel electrophoresis (pDNA compaction and pDNA protection assays), small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, luminometry, and cytotoxicity assays. The results revealed that the cationic lipid and plasmid offer only 70 and 30% of their nominal positive () and negative charges (), respectively. Upon mixing with DOPE, they form lipoplexes that self-aggregate in typical multilamellar Lα lyotropic liquid-crystal nanostructures with sizes in the range of 100-200 nm and low polydispersities, very suitably fitted to remain in the bloodstream and cross the cell membrane. Interestingly, these nanoaggregates were able to compact, protect (from the degrading effect of DNase I), and transfect two DNA plasmids (pEGFP-C3, encoding the green fluorescent protein, and pCMV-Luc, encoding luciferase) into COS-7 cells, with an efficiency equal or even superior to that of the universal control Lipo2000*, as long as the effective +/- charge ratio was maintained higher than 1 but reasonably close to electroneutrality. Moreover, this transfection process was not cytotoxic because the viability of COS-7 cells remained at high levels, greater than 80%. All of these features make the C6C22C6/DOPE nanosystem an optimal nonviral gene nanocarrier in vitro and a potentially interesting candidate for future in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Negro
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química
Física, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Òscar Domènech
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Fisicoquímica,
Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencia de Los Alimentos, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia
IN2UB, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Emilio Aicart
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Junquera
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Roointan A, Kianpour S, Memari F, Gandomani M, Gheibi Hayat SM, Mohammadi-Samani S. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid): The most ardent and flexible candidate in biomedicine! INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1405350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Roointan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kianpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Memari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Molood Gandomani
- Department of Bioengineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus international University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lu VM, McDonald KL, Townley HE. Realizing the therapeutic potential of rare earth elements in designing nanoparticles to target and treat glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2389-2401. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) is poor, and despite intense research, there have been no significant improvements within the last decade. This stasis implicates the need for more novel therapeutic investigation. One such option is the use of nanoparticles (NPs), which can be beneficial due to their ability to penetrate the brain, overcome the blood–brain barrier and take advantage of the enhanced permeation and retention effect of GBM to improve specificity. Rare earth elements possess a number of interesting natural properties due to their unique electronic configuration, which may prove therapeutically advantageous in an NP formulation. The underexplored exciting potential for rare earth elements to augment the therapeutic potential of NPs in GBM treatment is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers & Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers & Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Townley
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Skeoch GD, Tobin MK, Khan S, Linninger AA, Mehta AI. Corticosteroid Treatment for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Review. Global Spine J 2017; 7:272-279. [PMID: 28660111 PMCID: PMC5476356 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217699189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. OBJECTIVE Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a very frequent complication among cancer patients. Presenting commonly as nocturnal back pain, MSCC typically progresses to lower extremity paresis, loss of ambulatory capabilities, and paraplegia. In addition to standard treatment modalities, corticosteroid administration has been utilized in preclinical and clinical settings as adjunctive therapy to reduce local spinal cord edema and improve clinical symptoms. This article serves as a review of existing literature regarding corticosteroid management of MSCC and seeks to provide potential avenues of research on the topic. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed in order to consolidate existing information regarding dexamethasone treatment of MSCC. Of all search results, 7 articles are reviewed, establishing the current understanding of metastatic spine disease and dexamethasone treatment in both animal models and in clinical trials. RESULTS Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is associated with an increased rate of potentially serious systemic side effects. For this reason, definitive guidelines for the use of dexamethasone in the management of MSCC are unavailable. CONCLUSIONS It is still unclear what role dexamethasone plays in the treatment of MSCC. It is evident that new, more localizable therapies may provide more acceptable treatment strategies using corticosteroids. Looking forward, the potential for more targeted, localized application of the steroid through the use of nanotechnology would decrease the incidence of adverse effects while maintaining the drug's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ankit I. Mehta
- University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA,Ankit I. Mehta, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street M/C, 799, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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25
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Nishijima N, Hirai T, Misato K, Aoyama M, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ, Higashisaka K, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Human Scavenger Receptor A1-Mediated Inflammatory Response to Silica Particle Exposure Is Size Specific. Front Immunol 2017; 8:379. [PMID: 28421077 PMCID: PMC5377922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in the health care setting has many potential benefits; however, our understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles and our immune system remains incomplete. Although many of the biological effects of nanoparticles are negatively correlated with particle size, some are clearly size specific and the mechanisms underlying these size-specific biological effects remain unknown. Here, we examined the pro-inflammatory effects of silica particles in THP-1 cells with respect to particle size; a large overall size range with narrow intervals between particle diameters (particle diameter: 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 300, and 1,000 nm) was used. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by exposure to the silica particles had a bell-shaped distribution, where the maximal secretion was induced by silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 nm and particles with smaller or larger diameters had progressively less effect. We found that blockade of IL-1β secretion markedly inhibited TNF-α secretion, suggesting that IL-1β is upstream of TNF-α in the inflammatory cascade induced by exposure to silica particles, and that the induction of IL-1β secretion was dependent on both the NLRP3 inflammasome and on uptake of the silica particles into the cells via endocytosis. However, a quantitative analysis of silica particle uptake showed that IL-1β secretion was not correlated with the amount of silica particles taken up by the cells. Further investigation revealed that the induction of IL-1β secretion and uptake of silica nanoparticles with diameters of 50 or 100 nm, but not of 10 or 1,000 nm, was dependent on scavenger receptor (SR) A1. In addition, of the silica particles examined, only those with a diameter of 50 nm induced strong IL-1β secretion via activation of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase, a signal mediator of SR A1. Together, our results suggest that the SR A1-mediated pro-inflammatory response is dependent on ligand size and that both SR A1-mediated endocytosis and receptor-mediated signaling are required to produce the maximal pro-inflammatory response to exposure to silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishijima
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuki Misato
- Vaccine Creation Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Michihiko Aoyama
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,BIKEN Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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26
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Handa T, Hirai T, Izumi N, Eto SI, Tsunoda SI, Nagano K, Higashisaka K, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Identifying a size-specific hazard of silica nanoparticles after intravenous administration and its relationship to the other hazards that have negative correlations with the particle size in mice. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:135101. [PMID: 28240988 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5d7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many of the beneficial and toxic biological effects of nanoparticles have been shown to have a negative correlation with particle size. However, few studies have demonstrated biological effects that only occur at specific nanoparticle sizes. Further elucidation of the size-specific biological effects of nanoparticles may reveal not only unknown toxicities, but also novel benefits of nanoparticles. We used surface-unmodified silica particles with a wide range of diameters and narrow size intervals between the diameters (10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 300, and 1000 nm) to investigate the relationship between particle size and acute toxicity after intravenous administration in mice. Negative correlations between particle size and thrombocytopenia, liver damage, and lethal toxicity were observed. However, a specific size-effect was observed for the severity of hypothermia, where silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 nm induced the most severe hypothermia. Further investigation revealed that this hypothermia was mediated not by histamine, but by platelet-activating factor, and it was independent of the thrombocytopenia and the liver damage. In addition, macrophages/Kupffer cells and platelets, but not neutrophils, play a critical role in the hypothermia. The present results reveal that silica nanoparticles have particle size-specific toxicity in mice, suggesting that other types of nanoparticles may also have biological effects that only manifest at specific particle sizes. Further study of the size-specific effects of nanoparticles is essential for safer and more effective nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Handa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Zhang TT, Li W, Meng G, Wang P, Liao W. Strategies for transporting nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:219-29. [PMID: 26646694 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) hampers the effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Almost all macromolecular drugs and more than 98% of small molecule drugs cannot pass the BBB. Therefore, the BBB remains a big challenge for delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system. With the structural and mechanistic elucidation of the BBB under both physiological and pathological conditions, it is now possible to design delivery systems that could cross the BBB effectively. Because of their advantageous properties, nanoparticles have been widely deployed for brain-targeted delivery. This review paper presents the current understanding of the BBB under physiological and pathological conditions, and summarizes strategies and systems for BBB crossing with a focus on nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. In summary, with wider applications and broader prospection the treatment of brain targeted therapy, nano-medicines have proved to be more potent, more specific and less toxic than traditional drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Li
- IHRC, Inc., 2 Ravinia Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30346, USA
| | - Guanmin Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Soni S, Ruhela RK, Medhi B. Nanomedicine in Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders: A Present and Future Prospective. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:319-335. [PMID: 27766216 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: For the past few decades central nervous system disorders were considered as a major strike on human health and social system of developing countries. The natural therapeutic methods for CNS disorders limited for many patients. Moreover, nanotechnology-based drug delivery to the brain may an exciting and promising platform to overcome the problem of BBB crossing. In this review, first we focused on the role of the blood-brain barrier in drug delivery; and second, we summarized synthesis methods of nanomedicine and their role in different CNS disorder. Method: We reviewed the PubMed databases and extracted several kinds of literature on neuro nanomedicines using keywords, CNS disorders, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology. The inclusion criteria included chemical and green synthesis methods for synthesis of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs and, their in-vivo and in-vitro studies. We excluded nanomedicine gene therapy and nanomaterial in brain imaging. Results: In this review, we tried to identify a highly efficient method for nanomedicine synthesis and their efficacy in neuronal disorders. SLN and PNP encapsulated drugs reported highly efficient by easily crossing BBB. Although, these neuro-nanomedicine play significant role in therapeutics but some metallic nanoparticles reported the adverse effect on developing the brain. Conclusion: Although impressive advancement has made via innovative potential drug development, but their efficacy is still moderate due to limited brain permeability. To overcome this constraint,powerful tool in CNS therapeutic intervention provided by nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods. Due to its small and biofunctionalization characteristics, nanomedicine can easily penetrate and facilitate the drug through the barrier. But still, understanding of their toxicity level, optimization and standardization are a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shringika Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Ruhela
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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29
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Coccini T, Caloni F, Ramírez Cando LJ, De Simone U. Cytotoxicity and proliferative capacity impairment induced on human brain cell cultures after short- and long-term exposure to magnetite nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:361-373. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Division, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation; Scientific Institute of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET); Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Lenin Javier Ramírez Cando
- Centro de Investigación y Valoración de la Biodiversidad (CIVABI); Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Quito Ecuador
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Division, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation; Scientific Institute of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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30
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Ghalamfarsa G, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Anvari E, Farhadi S, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Application of nanomedicine for crossing the blood–brain barrier: Theranostic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:603-19. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1159264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shohreh Farhadi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Li X, Tsibouklis J, Weng T, Zhang B, Yin G, Feng G, Cui Y, Savina IN, Mikhalovska LI, Sandeman SR, Howel CA, Mikhalovsky SV. Nano carriers for drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. J Drug Target 2016; 25:17-28. [PMID: 27126681 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1184272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapy lies in achieving a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body and then maintaining the desired drug concentration for a sufficient time interval to be clinically effective for treatment. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders most drugs from entering the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood stream, leading to the difficulty of delivering drugs to the brain via the circulatory system for the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of brain diseases. Several brain drug delivery approaches have been developed, such as intracerebral and intracerebroventricular administration, intranasal delivery and blood-to-brain delivery, as a result of transient BBB disruption induced by biological, chemical or physical stimuli such as zonula occludens toxin, mannitol, magnetic heating and ultrasound, but these approaches showed disadvantages of being dangerous, high cost and unsuitability for most brain diseases and drugs. The strategy of vector-mediated blood-to-brain delivery, which involves improving BBB permeability of the drug-carrier conjugate, can minimize side effects, such as being submicrometre objects that behave as a whole unit in terms of their transport and properties, nanomaterials, are promising carrier vehicles for direct drug transport across the intact BBB as a result of their potential to enter the brain capillary endothelial cells by means of normal endocytosis and transcytosis due to their small size, as well as their possibility of being functionalized with multiple copies of the drug molecule of interest. This review provids a concise discussion of nano carriers for drug transport across the intact BBB, various forms of nanomaterials including inorganic/solid lipid/polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, quantum dots, nanogels, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, polymersomes and exosomes are critically evaluated, their mechanisms for drug transport across the BBB are reviewed, and the future directions of this area are fully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China.,b School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - John Tsibouklis
- b School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Tingting Weng
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Guangdong Petroleum and Chemical Technology Institute , Foshan , China
| | - Buning Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guangzhu Feng
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Yingde Cui
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Irina N Savina
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Lyuba I Mikhalovska
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Susan R Sandeman
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Carol A Howel
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Sergey V Mikhalovsky
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK.,e School of Engineering , Nazarbayev Uiversity , Astana , Kazakhstan
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32
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Glucose Transporters at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Function, Regulation and Gateways for Drug Delivery. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1046-1077. [PMID: 26801191 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) at the blood-brain barrier maintain the continuous high glucose and energy demands of the brain. They also act as therapeutic targets and provide routes of entry for drug delivery to the brain and central nervous system for treatment of neurological and neurovascular conditions and brain tumours. This article first describes the distribution, function and regulation of glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier, the major ones being the sodium-independent facilitative transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. Other GLUTs and sodium-dependent transporters (SGLTs) have also been identified at lower levels and under various physiological conditions. It then considers the effects on glucose transporter expression and distribution of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia associated with diabetes and oxygen/glucose deprivation associated with cerebral ischemia. A reduction in glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier that occurs before the onset of the main pathophysiological changes and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is a potential causative effect in the vascular hypothesis of the disease. Mutations in glucose transporters, notably those identified in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, and some recreational drug compounds also alter the expression and/or activity of glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier. Approaches for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier include the pro-drug strategy whereby drug molecules are conjugated to glucose transporter substrates or encapsulated in nano-enabled delivery systems (e.g. liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles) that are functionalised to target glucose transporters. Finally, the continuous development of blood-brain barrier in vitro models is important for studying glucose transporter function, effects of disease conditions and interactions with drugs and xenobiotics.
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Zhou M, Xie L, Fang CJ, Yang H, Wang YJ, Zhen XY, Yan CH, Wang Y, Zhao M, Peng S. Implications for blood-brain-barrier permeability, in vitro oxidative stress and neurotoxicity potential induced by mesoporous silica nanoparticles: effects of surface modification. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MSNs are shown to have the potential to overcome the BBB and cause neuronal damage. However, the neurotoxicity potential could be mediated with surface modification.
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Sun D, Xue A, Zhang B, Lou H, Shi H, Zhang X. Polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles improve the permeability of acetylpuerarin and enhance its brain-protective effects in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1650-62. [PMID: 26407669 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Acetylpuerarin (AP) is an acetylated derivative of puerarin (PUE). The study aimed to prepare polysorbate 80-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to improve the permeability of AP across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and enhance its brain-protective effects.
Methods
AP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (AP-PLGA-NPs) were prepared using a solvent diffusion methodology. The NPs were characterized. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distributions and brain-protective effects of AP-PLGA-NPs were evaluated in animals.
Key findings
AP-PLGA-NPs were successfully prepared with a mean particle size of 145.0 nm and a zeta potential of −14.81 mV. The in-vitro release of AP from the PLGA-NPs showed a biphasic release profile. AP was metabolized into PUE in rats. The AUC0−∞ values of AP and PUE for AP-PLGA-NPs were 2.90- and 2.29-fold as great as those for AP solution, respectively. The values of the relative targeting efficiency in the brain were 2.40 and 2.58 for AP and PUE, and the ratios of peak concentration were 1.91 and 1.89 for AP and PUE, respectively. Compared with the crude drug, AP-PLGA-NPs showed better brain-protective effects in rats.
Conclusion
Polysorbate 80-coated PLGA-NPs can improve the permeability of AP cross the BBB and enhance its brain-protective effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aiying Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Shandong University, Jinan, China
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35
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McConnell EM, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC. Aptamers as promising molecular recognition elements for diagnostics and therapeutics in the central nervous system. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 24:388-404. [PMID: 25296265 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide aptamers are short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA or RNA able to recognize and bind to a multitude of targets ranging from small molecules to cells. Aptamers have emerged as valuable tools for fundamental research, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Due to their small size, strong target affinity, lack of immunogenicity, and ease of chemical modification, aptamers are an attractive alternative to other molecular recognition elements, such as antibodies. Although it is a challenging environment, the central nervous system and related molecular targets present an exciting potential area for aptamer research. Aptamers hold promise for targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Here we review recent advances in aptamer research for neurotransmitter and neurotoxin targets, demyelinating disease and spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular disorders, pathologies related to protein aggregation (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prions), brain cancer (glioblastomas and gliomas), and regulation of receptor function. Challenges and limitations posed by the blood brain barrier are described. Future perspectives for the application of aptamers to the central nervous system are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McConnell
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Feng X, Chen A, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shao L, Wei L. Application of dental nanomaterials: potential toxicity to the central nervous system. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3547-65. [PMID: 25999717 PMCID: PMC4437601 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are defined as materials with one or more external dimensions with a size of 1-100 nm. Such materials possess typical nanostructure-dependent properties (eg, chemical, biological, optical, mechanical, and magnetic), which may differ greatly from the properties of their bulk counterparts. In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used in the production of dental materials, particularly in light polymerization composite resins and bonding systems, coating materials for dental implants, bioceramics, endodontic sealers, and mouthwashes. However, the dental applications of nanomaterials yield not only a significant improvement in clinical treatments but also growing concerns regarding their biosecurity. The brain is well protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. However, in recent years, many studies have found that nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocarriers, can transport through the BBB and locate in the central nervous system (CNS). Because the CNS may be a potential target organ of the nanomaterials, it is essential to determine the neurotoxic effects of NPs. In this review, possible dental nanomaterials and their pathways into the CNS are discussed, as well as related neurotoxicity effects underlying the in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we analyze the limitations of the current testing methods on the toxicological effects of nanomaterials. This review contributes to a better understanding of the nano-related risks to the CNS as well as the further development of safety assessment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lorenzer C, Dirin M, Winkler AM, Baumann V, Winkler J. Going beyond the liver: progress and challenges of targeted delivery of siRNA therapeutics. J Control Release 2015; 203:1-15. [PMID: 25660205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic gene silencing promises significant progress in pharmacotherapy, including considerable expansion of the druggable target space and the possibility for treating orphan diseases. Technological hurdles have complicated the efficient use of therapeutic oligonucleotides, and siRNA agents suffer particularly from insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and poor cellular uptake. Intense development and evolution of delivery systems have resulted in efficient uptake predominantly in liver tissue, in which practically all nanoparticulate and liposomal delivery systems show the highest accumulation. The most efficacious strategies include liposomes and bioconjugations with N-acetylgalactosamine. Both are in early clinical evaluation stages for treatment of liver-associated diseases. Approaches for achieving knockdown in other tissues and tumors have been proven to be more complicated. Selective targeting to tumors may be enabled through careful modulation of physical properties, such as particle size, or by taking advantage of specific targeting ligands. Significant barriers stand between sufficient accumulation in other organs, including endothelial barriers, cellular membranes, and the endosome. The brain, which is shielded by the blood-brain barrier, is of particular interest to facilitate efficient oligonucleotide therapy of neurological diseases. Transcytosis of the blood-brain barrier through receptor-specific docking is investigated to increase accumulation in the central nervous system. In this review, the current clinical status of siRNA therapeutics is summarized, as well as innovative and promising preclinical concepts employing tissue- and tumor-targeted ligands. The requirements and the respective advantages and drawbacks of bioconjugates and ligand-decorated lipid or polymeric particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Lorenzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehrdad Dirin
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Baumann
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Fariya M, Jain A, Dhawan V, Shah S, Nagarsenker MS. Bolaamphiphiles: a pharmaceutical review. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:483-91. [PMID: 25671179 PMCID: PMC4312395 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of drug discovery is ever growing and excipients play a major role in it. A novel class of amphiphiles has been discussed in the review. The review focuses on natural as well as synthetic bolaamphiphiles, their chemical structures and importantly, their ability to self assemble rendering them of great use to pharmaceutical industry. Recent reports on their ability to be used in fabrication of suitable nanosized carriers for drug as well as genes to target site, has been discussed substantially to understand the potential of bolaamphiphiles in field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Fariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400098, India
| | - Ankitkumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400098, India
| | - Vivek Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400098, India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400098, India
| | - Mangal S. Nagarsenker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400098, India
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Tajes M, Ramos-Fernández E, Weng-Jiang X, Bosch-Morató M, Guivernau B, Eraso-Pichot A, Salvador B, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Roquer J, Muñoz FJ. The blood-brain barrier: structure, function and therapeutic approaches to cross it. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 31:152-67. [PMID: 25046533 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2014.937468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is constituted by a specialized vascular endothelium that interacts directly with astrocytes, neurons and pericytes. It protects the brain from the molecules of the systemic circulation but it has to be overcome for the proper treatment of brain cancer, psychiatric disorders or neurodegenerative diseases, which are dramatically increasing as the population ages. In the present work we have revised the current knowledge on the cellular structure of the BBB and the different procedures utilized currently and those proposed to cross it. Chemical modifications of the drugs, such as increasing their lipophilicity, turn them more prone to be internalized in the brain. Other mechanisms are the use of molecular tools to bind the drugs such as small immunoglobulins, liposomes or nanoparticles that will act as Trojan Horses favoring the drug delivery in brain. This fusion of the classical pharmacology with nanotechnology has opened a wide field to many different approaches with promising results to hypothesize that BBB will not be a major problem for the new generation of neuroactive drugs. The present review provides an overview of all state-of-the-art of the BBB structure and function, as well as of the classic strategies and these appeared in recent years to deliver drugs into the brain for the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tajes
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain
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Luby BM, Farhadi A, Shakiba M, Charron DM, Roxin A, Zheng G. Research Highlights: highlights from the latest articles in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:385-8. [PMID: 24787437 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Luby
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, UHN, Toronto, Canada
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