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Rezaiezadeh H, Langarizadeh MA, Tavakoli MR, Sabokro M, Banazadeh M, Kohlmeier KA, Shabani M. Therapeutic potential of Bergenin in the management of neurological-based diseases and disorders. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03197-2. [PMID: 38850305 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Originally sourced from plants, Bergenin has been used as a medicinal compound in traditional medicine for centuries, and anecdotal reports suggest a wide range of therapeutic uses. Naturally-occurring and lab-synthesized Bergenin, as well as some of its related compounds, have been shown in in vivo and in vitro studies to alter activity of several enzymes and proteins critical in cellular functioning, including reelin, GSK-3β, Lingo-1, Ten-4, GP-43, Aβ 1-42, P-tau, SOD1,2, GPx, Glx1, NQO1, HO1, PPAR-ɣ, BDNF, VEGF, and STAT6. Additionally, Bergenin alters levels of several cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β. Behavioral and cellular effects of Bergenin have been shown to involve PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, PKC, Nrf2, and Sirt1/FOXO3a pathways. These pathways, enzymes, and proteins have been shown to be important in normal neurological functioning, and/or dysfunctions in these pathways and proteins have been shown to be important in several neuro-based disorders or diseases, which suggests that Bergenin could be therapeutic in management of neuropsychiatric conditions or neurological disorders. In preclinical studies, Bergenin has been shown to be useful for the management of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, depression, addiction, epilepsy, insomnia, stroke, and potentially, state control. Our review aims to summarize current evidence supporting the conclusion that Bergenin could play a role in treating various neuro-based disorders and that future studies should be conducted to evaluate the mechanisms by which Bergenin could exert its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Rezaiezadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, Shiraz, 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marziye Ranjbar Tavakoli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabokro
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Banazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Huang X, Yan X, Chen G, Feng Y, Bai Y, Yan P, Lai J, Wei S. Insufficient autophagy enables the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) to promote ferroptosis in morphine-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:291-304. [PMID: 38049617 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE While morphine has important therapeutic value it is also one of the most widely abused drugs in the world. As a newly discovered style of cell death, ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, however, the current understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and morphine is still limited. OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of opioid receptors in morphine-induced ferroptosis and to investigate the role of NRF2 in morphine-induced ferroptosis. METHODS We first used different doses of morphine (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM) to investigate morphine-induced ferroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, and we choose 1.5 mM morphine for subsequent experiments. We next inhibited opioid receptors and NRF2 separately and examined their influence on morphine-induced ferroptosis. Finally, we tested morphine-induced insufficient autophagy. RESULTS Morphine triggered ferroptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which could be significantly rescued by the ferroptosis-specific inhibitor DFO. Moreover, GPX4 rather than xCT antiporter might be involved in morphine-induced ferroptosis. We also found naloxone could inhibit morphine-induced ferroptosis. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that NRF2 could promote rather than defend morphine-induced ferroptosis; this may be due to the increased p62-related insufficient autophagy. CONCLUSION Morphine-induced ferroptosis is regulated by the opioid receptor and GPX4 rather than the xCT antiporter. NRF2-mediated ferroptosis in morphine-exposed cells may stem from increased p62-related insufficient autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Yan
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Bai
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yan
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Lai
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030403. [PMID: 36979338 PMCID: PMC10046151 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenin is a glycosidic derivative of trihydroxybenzoic acid that was discovered in 1880 by Garreau and Machelart from the rhizomes of the medicinal plant Bergenia crassifolia (currently: Saxifraga crassifolia—Saxifragaceae), though was later isolated from several other plant sources. Since its first report, it has aroused interest because it has several pharmacological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In addition to this, bergenin has shown potential antimalarial, antileishmanial, trypanocidal, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic/antiobesity, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this review aimed to describe the sources of isolation of bergenin and its in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities. Bergenin is distributed in many plant species (at least 112 species belonging to 34 families). Both its derivatives (natural and semisynthetic) and extracts with phytochemical proof of its highest concentration are well studied, and none of the studies showed cytotoxicity for healthy cells.
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Liu H, Zhang W, Deng X, Ma Y, Liu Y. Association of NQO1 levels and its genetic polymorphism with susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1789. [PMID: 34467676 PMCID: PMC8580086 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene was involved in the pathophysiological process of illicit drugs abuse, and its polymorphisms might be associated with methamphetamine (METH) dependence susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to examine the NQO1 mRNA and protein levels and to analyze the 609C/T polymorphism (rs1800566) between METH-dependent patients and controls. METHODS A total of 392 METH-dependent patients (cases) and 669 healthy controls (controls) were enrolled in the study. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the relative expressions of NQO1 mRNA in PBMCs and protein levels in plasma, respectively. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) and direct-sequencing genotyping were used to detect the alleles and genotypes of NQO1 609C/T polymorphism. RESULTS The levels of NQO1 mRNA in cases (3.2650 ± 2.2943) was significantly higher than in controls (1.0125 ± 0.7959) (p < 0.001), the plasma protein in cases (0.2368 ± 0.1486) was significantly lower than in controls (0.5844 ± 0.1742) (p < 0.001). The T allele of the 609C/T polymorphism significantly increased the risk of METH dependence (p = 0.032, OR = 1.214, 95%CI = 1.017-1.450). The TC and TC/TT genotypes of 609C/T were observed significantly more frequently in cases than in controls, respectively (TC vs CC: p = 0.012, OR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.087-1.952; TC/TT vs CC: p = 0.008, OR = 1.460, 95% CI = 1.102-1.935). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for age and sex. We failed to find that any genotype of 609C/T polymorphism affected the mRNA or plasma protein levels in controls, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggested that NQO1 might play an important role in the pathophysiological process of METH dependence, and the 609C/T polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility to METH dependence in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
- Department of Forensic MedicineNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Forensic MedicineNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Xiao‐Dong Deng
- Department of Forensic MedicineNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Forensic MedicineNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical ImagingNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
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Villarreal CF, Santos DS, Lauria PSS, Gama KB, Espírito-Santo RF, Juiz PJL, Alves CQ, David JM, Soares MBP. Bergenin Reduces Experimental Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Restoring Redox and Immune Homeostasis in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144850. [PMID: 32659952 PMCID: PMC7420298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes. Symptoms include neuropathic pain and sensory alterations—no effective treatments are currently available. This work characterized the therapeutic effect of bergenin in a mouse (C57/BL6) model of streptozotocin-induced painful diabetic neuropathy. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed by the von Frey test. Cytokines, antioxidant genes, and oxidative stress markers were measured in nervous tissues by ELISA, RT-qPCR, and biochemical analyses. Single (3.125–25 mg/kg) or multiple (25 mg/kg; twice a day for 14 days) treatments with bergenin reduced the behavioral signs of diabetic neuropathy in mice. Bergenin reduced both nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro and malondialdehyde (MDA)/nitrite amounts in vivo. These antioxidant properties can be attributed to the modulation of gene expression by the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and upregulation of glutathione peroxidase and Nrf2 in the nervous system. Bergenin also modulated the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in neuropathic mice. The long-lasting antinociceptive effect induced by bergenin in neuropathic mice, was associated with a shift of the cytokine balance toward anti-inflammatory predominance and upregulation of antioxidant pathways, favoring the reestablishment of redox and immune homeostasis in the nervous system. These results point to the therapeutic potential of bergenin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane F. Villarreal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40.170-115 Salvador, Brazil; (D.S.S.); (P.S.S.L.); (R.F.E.-S.)
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40.296-710 Salvador, Brazil; (K.B.G.); (M.B.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(71)3283-6933
| | - Dourivaldo S. Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40.170-115 Salvador, Brazil; (D.S.S.); (P.S.S.L.); (R.F.E.-S.)
| | - Pedro S. S. Lauria
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40.170-115 Salvador, Brazil; (D.S.S.); (P.S.S.L.); (R.F.E.-S.)
| | - Kelly B. Gama
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40.296-710 Salvador, Brazil; (K.B.G.); (M.B.P.S.)
| | - Renan F. Espírito-Santo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40.170-115 Salvador, Brazil; (D.S.S.); (P.S.S.L.); (R.F.E.-S.)
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40.296-710 Salvador, Brazil; (K.B.G.); (M.B.P.S.)
| | - Paulo J. L. Juiz
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, CEP 44.042-280 Feira de Santana, Brazil;
| | - Clayton Q. Alves
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, CEP 44.036-336 Feira de Santana, Brazil;
| | - Jorge M. David
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40.170-280 Salvador, Brazil;
| | - Milena B. P. Soares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40.296-710 Salvador, Brazil; (K.B.G.); (M.B.P.S.)
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Xiang S, Chen K, Xu L, Wang T, Guo C. Bergenin Exerts Hepatoprotective Effects by Inhibiting the Release of Inflammatory Factors, Apoptosis and Autophagy via the PPAR-γ Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:129-143. [PMID: 32021098 PMCID: PMC6970010 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s229063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) limits the development of liver transplantation technology. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of Bergenin on hepatic IR, particularly the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) pathway. Methods Initial experiments were performed to confirm the non-toxicity of Bergenin. Mice were randomly divided into sham, IR, and IR + Bergenin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) groups, and serum and tissue samples were obtained at 2, 8 and 24 h for detection of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS, cell death markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1 and LC3) and related important pathways (PPAR-γ, P38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and JAK2/STAT1). Results Bergenin reduced the release of ROS, down-regulated inflammatory factors, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, expression of PPAR-γ-related genes was increased and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and JAK2/STAT1-related proteins was decreased in Bergenin pre-treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Bergenin exerts hepatic protection by eliminating ROS, affecting the release of inflammatory factors, and influencing apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes via the PPAR-γ pathway in this model of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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Hou W, Ye C, Chen M, Li W, Gao X, He R, Zheng Q, Zhang W. Bergenin Activates SIRT1 as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Osteogenesis of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:618. [PMID: 31258473 PMCID: PMC6586741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are important candidates for bone regeneration. The role of Bergenin, a C-glucoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid obtained from the species, Bergenia, in BMSC osteogenesis has not yet been elucidated. We therefore investigated the effects of Bergenin on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and found that Bergenin enhanced osteoblast-specific markers and downregulated the adipocyte-specific markers in vitro. Furthermore, using a rat calvarial defect model, we found that Bergenin significantly improved bone healing, as determined by imaging and histological analyses. Moreover, it also upregulated SIRT1 expression. A SIRT1 inhibitor (EX 527) decreased the enhanced bone mineral formation caused by Bergenin. Taken together, these findings show that Bergenin accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, at least partly through the activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiduo Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research institute of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kaufman MJ, Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG. Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A risk factor for dementia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:180-207. [PMID: 30817935 PMCID: PMC6451684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD), which are associated with high brain β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-P) protein levels. Supraphysiologic-dose AAS induces androgen abnormalities and excess oxidative stress, which have been linked to increased and decreased expression or activity of proteins that synthesize and eliminate, respectively, Aβ and tau-P. Aβ and tau-P accumulation may begin soon after initiating supraphysiologic-dose AAS use, which typically occurs in the early 20s, and their accumulation may be accelerated by other psychoactive substance use, which is common among non-medical AAS users. Accordingly, the widespread use of supraphysiologic-dose AAS may increase the numbers of people who develop dementia. Early diagnosis and correction of sex-steroid level abnormalities and excess oxidative stress could attenuate risk for developing AD/ADRD in supraphysiologic-dose AAS users, in people with other substance use disorders, and in people with low sex-steroid levels or excess oxidative stress associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gen Kanayama
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James I Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harrison G Pope
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Morphine Dependence is Attenuated by Treatment of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Cinnamic Acid in Mice and Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:874-883. [PMID: 30632088 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy cinnamic acid (TMCA) against morphine-induced dependence in mice and rats was investigated. Mice were pretreated with TMCA and then morphine was injected intraperitoneally; whereas rats were treated with TMCA (i.p.) and infused with morphine into the lateral ventricle of brain. Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome and conditioned place preference test were performed. Moreover, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure protein expressions. Number of naloxone-precipitated jumps and conditioned place preference score in mice were attenuated by TMCA. Likewise, TMCA attenuated morphine dependent behavioral patterns such as diarrhea, grooming, penis licking, rearing, teeth chattering, and vocalization in rats. Moreover, the expression levels of pNR1and pERK in the frontal cortex of mice and cultured cortical neurons were diminished by TMCA. In the striatum, pERK expression was attenuated despite unaltered expression of pNR1 and NR1. Interestingly, morphine-induced elevations of FosB/ΔFosB+ cells were suppressed by TMCA (50, 100 mg/kg) in the nucleus accumbens sub-shell region of mice. In conclusion, TMCA could be considered as potential therapeutic agent against morphine-induced dependence.
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10
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Qi Q, Dong Z, Sun Y, Li S, Zhao Z. Protective Effect of Bergenin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression by Immunomodulatory Effect and Antioxidation in Balb/c Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:E2668. [PMID: 30336565 PMCID: PMC6222609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of bergenin on immune function and antioxidation in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Firstly, we estimated its effect on immune organs. Histological analysis and indexes of immune organs showed that cyclophosphamide exhibited spleen and thymus injury compared with the normal control, which was alleviated by bergenin. Secondly, bergenin also enhanced the humoral immune function through increasing the level of IgM and IgG in serum. Thirdly, bergenin also enhanced the cellular immune function. The results indicate that bergenin increased peritoneal macrophage functions, the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, NK and CTL cell activities, and T (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) lymphocyte subsets. Besides, bergenin also had the ability to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, bergenin prevented the Cy-induced decrease in numbers of peripheral RBC, WBC and platelets, providing supportive evidence for their anti-leukopenia activities. Finally, bergenin also reversed the Cy-induced decrease in the total antioxidant capacity including activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In conclusion, bergenin protected against Cy-induced adverse reactions by enhancing humoral and cellular immune functions and augmenting antioxidative activity and could be considered as a potential immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhonghua Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yueyue Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Jujube Food and Drug, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China.
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Tong J, Fitzmaurice PS, Moszczynska A, Rathitharan G, Ang LC, Meyer JH, Mizrahi R, Boileau I, Furukawa Y, McCluskey T, Sailasuta N, Kish SJ. Normal glutathione levels in autopsied brain of chronic users of heroin and of cocaine. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 190:20-28. [PMID: 29960919 PMCID: PMC6078812 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that exposure to either of the two widely used drugs of abuse, heroin or cocaine, causes depletion of the antioxidant, reduced glutathione, a hallmark of oxidative stress, in the brain. However, the relevance of the animal findings to the human is uncertain and clinical trials with the antioxidant GSH precursor n-acetylcysteine have produced mixed results in cocaine dependence. METHODS Our major objective was to compare glutathione levels, determined by an HPLC-coulometric procedure, in autopsied brain of chronic heroin (n = 11) and cocaine users (n = 9), who were positive for the drugs in the brain, to those of matched controls (n = 16). Six brain regions were examined, including caudate, hippocampus, thalamus and frontal, temporal and insular cortices. RESULTS In contrast to experimental animal findings, we found no statistically significant difference between mean levels of reduced or oxidized glutathione in the drug user vs. control groups. Moreover, no correlation was found between levels of drugs in the brain and those of glutathione. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging the many generic limitations of an autopsied human brain study and the preliminary nature of the findings, our data nevertheless suggest that any oxidative stress caused by heroin or cocaine in chronic users of the drugs might not be sufficient to cause substantial loss of stores of glutathione in the human brain, at least during early withdrawal. These findings, requiring replication, might also have some relevance to future clinical trials employing glutathione supplement therapy as an anti-oxidative strategy in chronic users of the two abused drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Tong
- Preclinical Imaging Unit, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Addiction Imaging Research Group, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gausiha Rathitharan
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Addiction Imaging Research Group, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee-Cyn Ang
- Division of Neuropathology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University and Post Graduate University of Juntendo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Napapon Sailasuta
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Rašić J, Hudomal-Janićijević S, Stanojević-Ristić Z, Kisić B, Stević S, Vitković L, Mijović M. The effect of morphine on development of ulcer lesions of the rats exposed to indomethacin induced stress. PRAXIS MEDICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed1802001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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14
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Ajoene restored behavioral patterns and liver glutathione level in morphine treated C57BL6 mice. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:106-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Roversi K, Pase CS, Roversi K, Vey LT, Dias VT, Metz VG, Burger ME. Trans fat intake across gestation and lactation increases morphine preference in females but not in male rats: Behavioral and biochemical parameters. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Martínez R, Kapravelou G, Porres JM, Melesio AM, Heras L, Cantarero S, Gribble FM, Parker H, Aranda P, López-Jurado M. Medicago sativa L., a functional food to relieve hypertension and metabolic disorders in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Fard JK, Babaei H, Nayebi AM, Mohammadnejad D, Eghbal MA. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the mechanisms of citalopram-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:1296-1313. [PMID: 27271269 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Even though citalopram is commonly used in psychiatry, there are several reports on its toxic effects. So, the current study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms of cytotoxic effects of in vitro and in vivo citalopram treatment on liver and the following cytolethal events. For in vitro experiments, freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were exposed to citalopram along with/without various agents. To do in vivo studies liver function enzyme assays and histological examination were performed. In the in vitro experiments, citalopram (500 µM) exposure demonstrated cell death, a marked elevation in ROS formation, mitochondrial potential collapse, lysosomal membrane leakiness, glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation. In vivo biochemistry panel assays for liver enzymes function (AST, ALT and GGTP) and histological examination confirmed citalopram (20 mg/kg)-induced damage. citalopram-induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers were significantly prevented by antioxidants, ROS scavengers, MPT pore sealing agents, endocytosis inhibitors, ATP generators and CYP inhibitors. Either enzyme induction or GSH depletion were concomitant with augmented citalopram-induced damage both in vivo and in vitro which were considerably ameliorated with antioxidants and CYP inhibitors. In conclusion, it is suggested that citalopram hepatotoxicity might be a result of oxidative hazard leading to mitochondrial/lysosomal toxic connection and disorders in biochemical markers which were supported by histomorphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Babaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohajjel Nayebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
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