1
|
Li C, Yang X, Cheng Y, Wang J. LGR5, a prognostic stem cell target, promotes endometrial cancer proliferation through autophagy activation. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101853. [PMID: 38134843 PMCID: PMC10776661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Although early EC has a good prognosis, advanced endometrial cancer is still associated with the risk of drug resistance and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a category closely related to drug resistance and recurrence, are rarely studied at present. Here, we constructed a risk model containing ten stemness-related prognostic genes. Compared with patients in the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had a shorter overall survival time. The accuracy of this model was verified by ROC in the TCGA (AUC = 0.779) and Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH, AUC = 0.864) cohorts. The risk score and stage were independent risk factors in the multivariate regression analysis, which was subsequently used to construct the nomogram and verified in the TCGA cohort. LGR5 was significantly correlated with overall survival and involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, LGR5 was highly expressed in EC tissues and was related to age, stage, histological type, and menopause status in the TCGA database. Overexpression of LGR5 accelerated the proliferation rate of EC cells, which may be related to autophagy activation. Taken together, our study established a prognostic model based on transcription sequencing data from the TCGA database and verified it in the PKUPH cohort, which has prospective clinical implications for the prognostic evaluation of EC. We systematically studied the code gene LGR5 in EC, which may help clinicians make personalized prognostic assessments and effective clinical decisions for EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gu Z, Yu C. Harnessing bioactive nanomaterials in modulating tumor glycolysis-associated metabolism. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:528. [PMID: 36510194 PMCID: PMC9746179 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolytic reprogramming is emerging as a hallmark of various cancers and a promising therapeutic target. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the anti-tumor therapeutic approaches associated with glycolysis. Finely controlled chemical composition and nanostructure provide nanomaterials unique advantages, enabling an excellent platform for integrated drug delivery, biochemical modulation and combination therapy. Recent studies have shown promising potential of nanotherapeutic strategies in modulating tumor glycolytic metabolism alone or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. To foster more innovation in this cutting-edge and interdisciplinary field, this review summarizes recent understandings of the origin and development of tumor glycolysis, then provides the latest advances in how nanomaterials modulate tumor glycolysis-related metabolism. The interplay of nanochemistry, metabolism and immunity is highlighted. Ultimately, the challenges and opportunities are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Gu
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 People’s Republic of China ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarkar Bhattacharya S, Thirusangu P, Jin L, Staub J, Shridhar V, Molina JR. PFKFB3 works on the FAK-STAT3-SOX2 axis to regulate the stemness in MPM. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1352-1364. [PMID: 35794237 PMCID: PMC9519537 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm and often acquires chemoresistance by increasing stemness in tumour tissue, thereby generating cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs escape treatment by deploying metabolic pathways to trigger dormancy or proliferation, also gaining the ability to exit and re-enter the cell cycle to hide their cellular identity. METHODS We employed various cellular and biochemical assays to identify the role of the glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3, by knocking it down and pharmacologically inhibiting it with PFK158, to determine its anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo by targeting the CSC population in MPM. RESULTS Here, we have identified PFKFB3 as a strategic player to target the CSC population in MPM and demonstrated that both pharmacologic (PFK158) and genetic inhibition of PFKFB3 destroy the FAK-Stat3-SOX2 nexus resulting in a decline in conspicuous stem cell markers viz. ALDH, CD133, CD44, SOX2. Inhibition of PFKFB3 accumulates p21 and p27 in the nucleus by decreasing SKP2. Lastly, PFK158 diminishes tumour-initiating cells (TICs) mediated MPM xenograft in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study confers a comprehensive and mechanistic function of PFKFB3 in CSC maintenance that may foster exceptional opportunities for targeted small molecule blockade of the TICs in MPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Sarkar Bhattacharya
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie Staub
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Julian R Molina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
FBXW7 Reduces the Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating the Ubiquitination and Degradation of ACTL6A. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3242482. [PMID: 36159747 PMCID: PMC9492413 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3242482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a subset of tumor cells that can initiate tumorigenesis and promote tumor advance. A previous study showed that the expression of FBXW7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical samples was lower than that in the adjacent nontumor tissues and was negatively correlated with the invasion and migration of HCC cells. However, the biological characteristics and the underlying molecular mechanisms of FBXW7 in HCC stemness are yet to be elucidated. In present study, we found that FBXW7 participates in the self-renewal, tumorigenicity, sorafenib therapy, and stem cell-like properties of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. The upregulation of FBXW7 inhibited the stemness and reduced the tumorigenicity and drug resistance of HCC cells. Mechanistically, proteins binding to FBXW7 were identified by coimmunoprecipitation and protein colocalization assays. We confirmed ACTL6A as a novel downstream target for FBXW7. The in vivo ubiquitination assay showed that FBXW7 repressed HCC malignancy by regulating the oncogenic activity of ACTL6A in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that ACTL6A overexpression inversed the self-renewal abilities and tumorigenic abilities depressed by overexpressing FBXW7. The current findings suggested that FBXW7 reduces the stemness of HCC cells by targeting and degrading ACTL6A and provides a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Leibel SL, Tseu I, Zhou A, Hodges A, Yin J, Bilodeau C, Goltsis O, Post M. Metabolomic profiling of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation into lung progenitors. iScience 2022; 25:103797. [PMID: 35198866 PMCID: PMC8850758 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is vital to cellular function and tissue homeostasis during human lung development. In utero, embryonic pluripotent stem cells undergo endodermal differentiation toward a lung progenitor cell fate that can be mimicked in vitro using induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to study genetic mutations. To identify differences between wild-type and surfactant protein B (SFTPB)-deficient cell lines during endoderm specification toward lung, we used an untargeted metabolomics approach to evaluate the developmental changes in metabolites. We found that the metabolites most enriched during the differentiation from pluripotent stem cell to lung progenitor cell, regardless of cell line, were sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines, two important lipid classes in lung development. The SFTPB mutation had no metabolic impact on early endodermal lung development. The identified metabolite signatures during lung progenitor cell differentiation may be utilized as biomarkers for normal embryonic lung development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Irene Tseu
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anson Zhou
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Hodges
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Claudia Bilodeau
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Olivia Goltsis
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaur J, Bhattacharyya S. Cancer Stem Cells: Metabolic Characterization for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756888. [PMID: 34804950 PMCID: PMC8602811 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within tumor bulk are known for tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs show intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies and phenotypic plasticity within the tumor, which make these a difficult target for conventional therapies. CSCs have different metabolic phenotypes based on their needs as compared to the bulk cancer cells. CSCs show metabolic plasticity and constantly alter their metabolic state between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism (OXPHOS) to adapt to scarcity of nutrients and therapeutic stress. The metabolic characteristics of CSCs are distinct compared to non-CSCs and thus provide an opportunity to devise more effective strategies to target CSCs. Mechanism for metabolic switch in CSCs is still unravelled, however existing evidence suggests that tumor microenvironment affects the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding CSCs metabolism may help in discovering new and effective clinical targets to prevent cancer relapse and metastasis. This review summarises the current knowledge of CSCs metabolism and highlights the potential targeted treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren Z, Wang Z, Gu D, Ma H, Zhu Y, Cai M, Zhang J. Genome Instability and Long Noncoding RNA Reveal Biomarkers for Immunotherapy and Prognosis and Novel Competing Endogenous RNA Mechanism in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740455. [PMID: 34746134 PMCID: PMC8564000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) crucially modulate DNA damage responses/repair in cancer cells. However, the underlying regulatory role of genome integrity and its clinical value in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains unclear. This study links genome instability to lncRNA using computational biology techniques, in attempt to propose novel biomarkers of immunotherapy outcome, and investigated a potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) as a molecular regulatory mechanism. Methods: TCGA-COAD patients were divided into genome unstable (GU)-like and genome stable (GS)-like clusters via hierarchical clustering to predict immunotherapy outcomes. Multivariate Cox model was established to predict the overall survival rate in COAD patients. Additionally, SVM and LASSO algorithms were applied to obtain hub lncRNAs. A novel genome instability-related ceRNA network was predicted with the Starbase 2.0 database. To better understand how these genes fundamentally interact during tumor progression and development, the mutation analysis and single-gene analysis for each gene was performed. Results: In contrast to those in the GS-like cluster, GU-like-cluster patients demonstrated a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB)/microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutation rate, and immune checkpoint expression, all indicate a greater predictive power for response rate for immunotherapy. The novel prognostic signature demonstrated an outstanding predictive performance (AUC > 0.70). The genes in the genome insatiability-related ceRNA network (including four axes: AL161772.1-has-miR-671-5p (hsa-miR-181d-5p, has-miR-106a-5p)-NINL, AL161772.1-has-miR-106a-5p-TNFSF11, AC124067.4-hsa-miR-92b-3p (hsa-miR-589-5p)-PHYHIPL, and BOLA3-AS1-has-miR-130b-3p-SALL4) were identified as critical regulators of tumor microenvironment infiltration, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. qPCR was performed to validate the expression patterns of these genes. Furthermore, the MSI-high proportion was greater in patients with mutated type than in those with the wild type according to all four target genes, indicating that these four genes modulate genomic integrity and could serve as novel immunotherapy biomarkers. Conclusion: We demonstrated that genome instability-related lncRNA is a novel biomarker for immunotherapy outcomes and prognosis. A novel ceRNA network that modulates genomic integrity, including four lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes, was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Ren
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Donghong Gu
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hanchen Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Menghua Cai
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Margarit DH, González NS, Romanelli LM, Fendrik AJ, Scagliotti AF, Reale MV. An integrative model of cancer cell differentiation with immunotherapy . Phys Biol 2021; 18. [PMID: 34633296 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac2e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve cancer treatments, cancer cell differentiation and immunotherapy are the subjects of several studies in different branches of interdisciplinary sciences. In this work, we develop a new population model that integrates other complementary ones, thus emphasizing the relationship between cancer cells at different differentiation stages and the main immune system cells. For this new system, specific ranges were found where transdifferentiation of differentiated cancer cells can occur. In addition, a specific therapy against cancer stem cells was analysed by simulating cytotoxic cell vaccines. In reference to the latter, the different combinations of parameters that optimize it were studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Margarit
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J M Gutiérrez 1150, Los Polvorines (B1613), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Nadia S González
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J M Gutiérrez 1150, Los Polvorines (B1613), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lilia M Romanelli
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J M Gutiérrez 1150, Los Polvorines (B1613), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Fendrik
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J M Gutiérrez 1150, Los Polvorines (B1613), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ariel F Scagliotti
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J M Gutiérrez 1150, Los Polvorines (B1613), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcela V Reale
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J M Gutiérrez 1150, Los Polvorines (B1613), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (UNLaM), Florencio Varela 1903, San Justo (B1754), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iranmanesh Y, Jiang B, Favour OC, Dou Z, Wu J, Li J, Sun C. Mitochondria's Role in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:582694. [PMID: 33692947 PMCID: PMC7937970 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.582694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the deadliest primary brain malignancies, is characterized by a high recurrence rate due to its limited response to existing therapeutic strategies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Several mechanisms and pathways have been identified to be responsible for GBM therapeutic resistance. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are known culprits of GBM resistance to therapy. GSCs are characterized by their unique self-renewal, differentiating capacity, and proliferative potential. They form a heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells within the tumor and are further divided into different subpopulations. Their distinct molecular, genetic, dynamic, and metabolic features distinguish them from neural stem cells (NSCs) and differentiated GBM cells. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting GSCs could effectively reduce the tumor-initiating potential, hence, a thorough understanding of mechanisms involved in maintaining GSCs' stemness cannot be overemphasized. The mitochondrion, a regulator of cellular physiological processes such as autophagy, cellular respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle control, has been implicated in various malignancies (for instance, breast, lung, and prostate cancer). Besides, the role of mitochondria in GBM has been extensively studied. For example, when stressors, such as irradiation and hypoxia are present, GSCs utilize specific cytoprotective mechanisms like the activation of mitochondrial stress pathways to survive the harsh environment. Proliferating GBM cells exhibit increased cytoplasmic glycolysis in comparison to terminally differentiated GBM cells and quiescent GSCs that rely more on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Furthermore, the Warburg effect, which is characterized by increased tumor cell glycolysis and decreased mitochondrial metabolism in the presence of oxygen, has been observed in GBM. Herein, we highlight the importance of mitochondria in the maintenance of GSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Biao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Okoye C Favour
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barati M, Akhondi M, Mousavi NS, Haghparast N, Ghodsi A, Baharvand H, Ebrahimi M, Hassani SN. Pluripotent Stem Cells: Cancer Study, Therapy, and Vaccination. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1975-1992. [PMID: 34115316 PMCID: PMC8193020 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are promising tools for modern regenerative medicine applications because of their stemness properties, which include unlimited self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into all cell types in the body. Evidence suggests that a rare population of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), exhibit stemness and phenotypic plasticity properties that are primarily responsible for resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, metastasis, cancer development, and tumor relapse. Different therapeutic approaches that target CSCs have been developed for tumor eradication. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this review, we first provide an overview of different viewpoints about the origin of CSCs. Particular attention has been paid to views believe that CSCs are probably appeared through dysregulation of very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) which reside in various tissues as the main candidate for tissue-specific stem cells. The expression of pluripotency markers in these two types of cells can strengthen the validity of this theory. In this regard, we discuss the common properties of CSCs and PSCs, and highlight the potential of PSCs in cancer studies, therapeutic applications, as well as educating the immune system against CSCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the resemblance of CSCs to PSCs can provide an appropriate source of CSC-specific antigens through cultivation of PSCs which brings to light promising ideas for prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Barati
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhondi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Sabahi Mousavi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Newsha Haghparast
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Ghodsi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geng Y, Amante JJ, Goel HL, Zhang X, Walker MR, Luther DC, Mercurio AM, Rotello VM. Differentiation of Cancer Stem Cells through Nanoparticle Surface Engineering. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15276-15285. [PMID: 33164505 PMCID: PMC10566532 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a crucial therapeutic target because of their role in resistance to chemo- and radiation therapy, metastasis, and tumor recurrence. Differentiation therapy presents a potential strategy for "defanging" CSCs. To date, only a limited number of small-molecule and nanomaterial-based differentiating agents have been identified. We report here the integrated use of nanoparticle engineering and hypothesis-free sensing to identify nanoparticles capable of efficient differentiation of CSCs into non-CSC phenotypes. Using this strategy, we identified a nanoparticle that induces CSC differentiation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Importantly, this unreported phenotype is more susceptible to drug treatment than either CSCs or non-CSCs, demonstrating a potentially powerful strategy for anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Geng
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - John J. Amante
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Hira L. Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Melanie R. Walker
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - David C. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Arthur M. Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu G, Luo Q, Li H, Liu Q, Ju Y, Song G. Increased Oxidative Phosphorylation Is Required for Stemness Maintenance in Liver Cancer Stem Cells from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HCCLM3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155276. [PMID: 32722385 PMCID: PMC7432880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the main cause of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and an unfavorable prognosis. Energy metabolism is closely associated with cell stemness. However, how the stemness of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is regulated by metabolic/oxidative stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we compare the metabolic differences between LCSCs and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3, and explore the relationship between metabolism and LCSC stemness. We found that LCSCs from the hepatocellular carcinoma cell HCCLM3 exhibited more robust glucose metabolism than HCCLM3, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and pyruvate produced by glycolysis entering mitochondria for OXPHOS. Moreover, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) enhanced the LCSC stemness by upregulating OXPHOS. In contrast, Mdivi-1 reduced the levels of OXPHOS and weakened the stemness by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Together, our findings clarify the relationship between energy metabolism and LCSC stemness and may provide theoretical guidance and potential therapeutic approaches for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (G.L.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (G.L.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (G.L.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (G.L.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (G.L.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-65102507
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu X, Chen HH, Gao CY, Zhang XX, Jiang JX, Zhang Y, Fang J, Zhao F, Chen ZG. Energy metabolism in cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:448-461. [PMID: 32742562 PMCID: PMC7360992 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation as an effective energy source in the presence of oxygen. In contrast, most cancer cells use less efficient glycolysis to produce ATP and essential biomolecules. Cancer cells gain the characteristics of metabolic adaptation by reprogramming their metabolic mechanisms to meet the needs of rapid tumor growth. A subset of cancer cells with stem characteristics and the ability to regenerate exist throughout the tumor and are therefore called cancer stem cells (CSCs). New evidence indicates that CSCs have different metabolic phenotypes compared with differentiated cancer cells. CSCs can dynamically transform their metabolic state to favor glycolysis or oxidative metabolism. The mechanism of the metabolic plasticity of CSCs has not been fully elucidated, and existing evidence indicates that the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Targeting CSC metabolism may provide new and effective methods for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells and CSCs and the mechanisms of the metabolic interplay between the tumor microenvironment and CSCs, and discuss the clinical implications of targeting CSC metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui-Hui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen-Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang YC, Yang YF, Chiou J, Tsai HF, Fang CY, Yang CJ, Chen CL, Hsiao M. Nonenzymatic function of Aldolase A downregulates miR-145 to promote the Oct4/DUSP4/TRAF4 axis and the acquisition of lung cancer stemness. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32188842 PMCID: PMC7080828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a serious issue of clinical importance and is a consequence of cancer stemness. In this study, we showed that the level of Aldolase A (ALDOA) expression is significantly associated with the IC50 value of chemotherapy drugs in lung cancer. Our data revealed that ALDOA overexpression resulted in a significant increase of lung tumor spheres. The use of ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) resulted in the identification of POU5F1 (Oct4) as the leading transcription factor of ALDOA. We observed high expression of ALDOA, Oct4 and stemness markers in collected spheroid cells. DUSP4 and TRAF4 were confirmed as major downstream targets of the ALDOA-Oct4 axis. Knockdown of these molecules significantly decreased the stemness ability of cells. In addition, we investigated whether miR-145 targets the 3′-UTR of Oct4 and is regulated by ALDOA due to the involvement of ALDOA in glycolysis and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we constructed several mutant forms of ALDOA that disrupted its enzymatic activity and showed that they still induced significant in vitro sphere formation and in vivo tumorigenicity. These results demonstrated that ALDOA-mediated spheroid formation is independent of its enzymatic activity. In the clinical component, we also showed that the combination of ALDOA and TRAF4 or DUSP4 is positively correlated with poor overall survival in a xenograft model and cancer patients through immunohistochemical analyses. The results of our study revealed novel functional roles of ALDOA in inducing cancer stemness via the inhibition of miR-145 expression and the activation of Oct4 transcription. These findings offer new therapeutic strategies for modulation of lung cancer stemness to enhance chemotherapeutic responses in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jean Chiou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin X, Xiao Z, Chen T, Liang SH, Guo H. Glucose Metabolism on Tumor Plasticity, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:317. [PMID: 32211335 PMCID: PMC7069415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells support tumor proliferation and progression by adopting to metabolic changes. Tumor cells altered metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the aerobic state and the presence of functioning mitochondria. Glucose metabolism in tumor plasticity has attracted great interests by clinicians and scientists in the past decades. This review discusses the previous and emerging researches on the tumor plasticity altered by changing glucose metabolism in different cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we summarize the rising applications of glucose metabolism in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Our objective is to direct future investigation on this altered metabolic phenotype and its application in patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zizheng Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Sijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodrigues AS, Pereira SL, Ramalho-Santos J. Stem metabolism: Insights from oncometabolism and vice versa. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165760. [PMID: 32151634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism, is a transversal hot research topic in different areas, resulting in the integration of cellular needs with external cues, involving a highly coordinated set of activities in which nutrients are converted into building blocks for macromolecules, energy currencies and biomass. Importantly, cells can adjust different metabolic pathways defining its cellular identity. Both cancer cell and embryonic stem cells share the common hallmark of high proliferative ability but while the first represent a huge social-economic burden the second symbolize a huge promise. Importantly, research on both fields points out that stem cells share common metabolic strategies with cancer cells to maintain their identity as well as proliferative capability and, vice versa cancer cells also share common strategies regarding pluripotent markers. Moreover, the Warburg effect can be found in highly proliferative non-cancer stem cells as well as in embryonic stem cells that are primed towards differentiation, while a bivalent metabolism is characteristic of embryonic stem cells that are in a true naïve pluripotent state and cancer stem cells can also range from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, this review aims to highlight major metabolic similarities between cancer cells and embryonic stem cells demonstrating that they have similar strategies in both signaling pathways regulation as well as metabolic profiles while focusing on key metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jellali R, Lereau Bernier M, Tauran Y, Gilard F, Danoy M, Kido T, Miyajima A, Sakai Y, Leclerc E. Metabolomic profiling during the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Differentiation 2019; 112:17-26. [PMID: 31869687 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are potentially an invaluable source of cells for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. However, the differentiation of hiPSCs into fully functional hepatocytes remains a major challenge. Despite the importance of the information carried by metabolomes, the exploitation of metabolomics for characterizing and understanding hiPSC differentiation remains largely unexplored. Here, to increase knowledge of hiPSC maturation into mature hepatocytes, we investigated their metabolomics profiles during sequential step-by-step differentiation: definitive endoderm (DE), specification into hepatocytes (HB-pro (hepatoblast progenitors)), progenitor hepatocytes (Pro-HEP) and mature hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). Metabolomics analysis illustrated a switch from glycolysis-based respiration in DE step to oxidative phosphorylation in HLCs step. DE was characterized by fatty acid beta oxidation, sorbitol metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway, and glutamine and glucose metabolisms as various potential energy sources. The complex lipid metabolism switch was monitored via the reduction of lipid production from DE to HLCs step, whereas high glycerol production occurred mainly in HLCs. The nitrogen cycle, via urea production, was also a typical mechanism revealed in HLCs step. Our analysis may contribute to better understanding of differentiation and suggest new targets for improving iPSC maturation into functional hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Jellali
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologies de Compiègne, France.
| | - Myriam Lereau Bernier
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yannick Tauran
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; LMI CNRS UMR5615, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université D'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- CIBIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akella NM, Ciraku L, Reginato MJ. Fueling the fire: emerging role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cancer. BMC Biol 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31272438 PMCID: PMC6610925 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism and deregulated cellular energetics are now considered a hallmark of all cancers. Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP culminates in the production of an amino sugar uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) that, along with other charged nucleotide sugars, serves as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. These nutrient-driven post-translational modifications are highly altered in cancer and regulate protein functions in various cancer-associated processes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the mechanistic relationship between the HBP and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carvalho MJ, Laranjo M, Abrantes AM, Casalta-Lopes J, Sarmento-Santos D, Costa T, Serambeque B, Almeida N, Gonçalves T, Mamede C, Encarnação J, Oliveira R, Paiva A, de Carvalho R, Botelho F, Oliveira C. Endometrial Cancer Spheres Show Cancer Stem Cells Phenotype and Preference for Oxidative Metabolism. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1163-1174. [PMID: 30499076 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize endometrial cancer regarding cancer stem cells (CSC) markers, regulatory and differentiation pathways, tumorigenicity and glucose metabolism. Endometrial cancer cell line ECC1 was submitted to sphere forming protocols. The first spheres generation (ES1) was cultured in adherent conditions (G1). This procedure was repeated and was obtained generations of spheres (ES1, ES2 and ES3) and spheres-derived cells in adherent conditions (G1, G2 and G3). Populations were characterized regarding CD133, CD24, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), hormonal receptors, HER2, P53 and β-catenin, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake and metabolism by NMR spectroscopy. An heterotopic model evaluated differential tumor growth. The spheres self-renewal was higher in ES3. The putative CSC markers CD133, CD44 and ALDH expression were higher in spheres. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α and P53 decreased in spheres, ERβ and progesterone receptor had no significant changes and β-catenin showed a tendency to increase. There was a higher 18F-FDG uptake in spheres, which also showed a lower lactate production and an oxidative cytosol status. The tumorigenesis in vivo showed an earlier growth of tumours derived from ES3. Endometrial spheres presented self-renewal and differentiation capacity, expressed CSC markers and an undifferentiated phenotype, showing preference for oxidative metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Carvalho
- Gynecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Universitary Clinic of Gynecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Radiotherapy Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Tânia Costa
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Almeida
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Telmo Gonçalves
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Mamede
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Encarnação
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Pathology Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui de Carvalho
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Oliveira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Spent embryo culture medium metabolites are related to the in vitro attachment ability of blastocysts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17025. [PMID: 30451915 PMCID: PMC6242932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolomic profile of an embryo culture medium can aid in the advanced prediction of embryonic developmental potential and genetic integrity. But it is not known if this technology can be used to determine the in vitro potential of inner cell mass (ICM) in adherence and proliferation. Here, we investigated the developmental potential of mouse 2-cell embryos carrying cisplatin-induced DNA lesions (IDL), beyond blastocyst stage using ICM outgrowth assay. The genetic integrity of ICM cells was determined by comet assay. The metabolic signatures of spent medium were recorded 84 hours post injection of hCG (hpi-hCG), and after 96 hours of extended in vitro culture (Ex 96) by NMR spectroscopy. We observed that blastocysts that lack the ability to adhere in vitro had an increased requirement of pyruvate (p < 0.01), lactate (p < 0.01), and were accompanied by a significant reduction of pyruvate-alanine ratio in the culture medium. We propose that the aforementioned metabolites from 84 hpi-hCG spent medium be further explored using appropriate experimental models, to prove their potential as biomarkers in the prediction of implantation ability of in vitro derived human embryos in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
22
|
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase is important for the maintenance of glioblastoma stemness. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30333528 PMCID: PMC6193020 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly malignant tumor that easily acquires resistance to treatment. The stem-cell-like character (stemness) has been thought to be closely associated with the treatment resistance of glioblastoma cells. In this study, we determined that farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, plays an important role in maintaining glioblastoma stemness. A comparison of the mRNA expression in patient-derived glioblastoma sphere cells, which maintain stemness, and their differentiated counterparts, which lose stemness, via RNA sequencing showed that most of the altered genes were networked in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We screened Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs targeting specific enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway for their ability to inhibit glioblastoma sphere formation. Inhibitors of FDPS, such as alendronate and zoledronate, significantly reduced the formation of glioblastoma spheres, and alendronate was effective at a lower molar concentration than zoledronate. Knockdown of FDPS using short hairpin RNA also completely inhibited the formation of secondary spheres. FDPS mRNA in patients with glioblastoma was associated with malignancy in three independent microarray data sets. RNA sequencing showed that alendronate treatment reduced the embryonic stem cell signature and activated development- and necrosis-related pathways in glioblastoma spheres. These results suggest that FDPS is important for the maintenance of glioblastoma stemness and that alendronate, a drug widely used to treat osteoporosis, can be repositioned to treat glioblastoma. A drug that targets a key enzyme in aggressive brain cancer tumors could help tackle resistance to existing treatments. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer and remains difficult to treat because the cancer cells can survive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Certain cells within glioblastoma tumors have ‘stemness’ – unique stem cell-like metabolic characteristics that allow them to rapidly repair DNA damage and trigger relapse. Hyonchol Jang at the National Cancer Center in Goyang, South Korea and co-workers discovered that an enzyme called farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) helps maintain stemness in glioblastoma. The team then treated patient-derived glioblastoma cells with existing drugs known to inhibit FDPS. One such drug, which is already used to treat osteoporosis, inhibited the formation of secondary glioblastoma and may prove valuble in the treatment of brain cancer.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bioenergetics of life, disease and death phenomena. Theory Biosci 2018; 137:155-168. [PMID: 29992378 PMCID: PMC6208829 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-018-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, some new aspects of unified cell bioenergetics are presented. From the perspective of unified cell bioenergetics certain subsequent stages of cancer development, from initiation stage, through transformation to metastasis, are analyzed. Here we show that after transformation, cancer cells are permanently exposed to reactive oxygen species, that causes continual random DNA mutations and as a result genome and chromosomal destabilizations. The modern cancer attractor hypothesis has been extended in explaining cancer development. Discussion is conducted in light of current cancerogenesis research, including bioenergetic cancer initiation, the somatic mutation theory and the tissue organization field theory. In the article reasons complicating the discovery of patterns of cancer genome changes and cancer evolution are presented. In addition certain cancer therapeutic aspects are given attention to.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang J, Baddoo M, Han C, Strong MJ, Cvitanovic J, Moroz K, Dash S, Flemington EK, Wu T. Gene network analysis reveals a novel 22-gene signature of carbon metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49232-49245. [PMID: 27363021 PMCID: PMC5226503 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much progress has been made in understanding cancer cellular metabolism adaptation, the co-regulations between genes of metabolism and cancer pathways and their interactions remain poorly characterized. Here, we applied gene co-expression network analysis to 1509 metabolic gene expression data generated from 120 HCC and 180 non-tumor human liver tissues by microarray. Our analyses reveal that metabolism genes can be classified into different co-expression modules based on their associations with HCC related traits. The co-regulation mechanism of the carbon metabolism genes in normal liver tissues was interrupted during the processes of carcinogenesis. In parallel, we performed RNAseq analysis of HCC and non-tumor human liver tissues, and identified a unique 22-carbon-metabolism-gene-signature of increased expression. This gene signature was further verified in multiple microarray data sets, and its prognostic value was also proven by HCC patients' survival data from TCGA. Additionally, the tumorigenic function of two representative genes, CS and ACSS1, were validated experimentally by cell growth and spheroid formation assays. The current study provides evidence for the reprogramming of the co-regulation network between carbon metabolism and cancer pathway genes in HCC. In addition, this study also reveals a unique 22-carbon-metabolism-gene-expression-signature in HCC. Strategies targeting these genes may represent new therapeutic approaches for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Bioinformatics Core, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J Strong
- Bioinformatics Core, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Cvitanovic
- Biospecimen Core, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Biospecimen Core, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Bioinformatics Core, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Loureiro R, Mesquita KA, Magalhães-Novais S, Oliveira PJ, Vega-Naredo I. Mitochondrial biology in cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
26
|
Son MJ, Ryu JS, Kim JY, Kwon Y, Chung KS, Mun SJ, Cho YS. Upregulation of mitochondrial NAD + levels impairs the clonogenicity of SSEA1 + glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e344. [PMID: 28604662 PMCID: PMC5519015 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has emphasized the importance of cancer therapies targeting an abnormal metabolic state of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) in which they retain stem cell-like phenotypes and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism. However, the functional role of NAD+ metabolism in regulating the characteristics of TICs is not known. In this study, we provide evidence that the mitochondrial NAD+ levels affect the characteristics of glioma-driven SSEA1+ TICs, including clonogenic growth potential. An increase in the mitochondrial NAD+ levels by the overexpression of the mitochondrial enzyme nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) significantly suppressed the sphere-forming ability and induced differentiation of TICs, suggesting a loss of the characteristics of TICs. In addition, increased SIRT3 activity and reduced lactate production, which are mainly observed in healthy and young cells, appeared following NNT-overexpressed TICs. Moreover, in vivo tumorigenic potential was substantially abolished by NNT overexpression. Conversely, the short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of NNT facilitated the maintenance of TIC characteristics, as evidenced by the increased numbers of large tumor spheres and in vivo tumorigenic potential. Our results demonstrated that targeting the maintenance of healthy mitochondria with increased mitochondrial NAD+ levels and SIRT3 activity could be a promising strategy for abolishing the development of TICs as a new therapeutic approach to treating aging-associated tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jin Son
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Ryu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youjeong Kwon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon Ju Mun
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yee Sook Cho
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ounpuu L, Klepinin A, Pook M, Teino I, Peet N, Paju K, Tepp K, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Koks S, Maimets T, Kaambre T. 2102Ep embryonal carcinoma cells have compromised respiration and shifted bioenergetic profile distinct from H9 human embryonic stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2146-2154. [PMID: 28552560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular bioenergetics may be involved in stem cell differentiation. Considering that during cancerogenesis cells acquire numerous properties of stem cells, it is possible to assume that the energy metabolism in tumorigenic cells might be differently regulated. The aim of this study was to compare the mitochondrial bioenergetic profile of normal pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and relatively nullipotent embryonal carcinoma cells (2102Ep cell line). We examined three parameters related to cellular bioenergetics: phosphotransfer system, aerobic glycolysis, and oxygen consumption. Activities and expression levels of main enzymes that facilitate energy transfer were measured. The oxygen consumption rate studies were performed to investigate the respiratory capacity of cells. 2102Ep cells showed a shift in energy distribution towards adenylate kinase network. The total AK activity was almost 3 times higher in 2102Ep cells compared to hESCs (179.85±5.73 vs 64.39±2.55mU/mg of protein) and the expression of AK2 was significantly higher in these cells, while CK was downregulated. 2102Ep cells displayed reduced levels of oxygen consumption and increased levels of aerobic glycolysis compared to hESCs. The compromised respiration of 2102Ep cells is not the result of increased mitochondrial mass, increased proton leak, and reduced respiratory reserve capacity of the cells or impairment of respiratory chain complexes. Our data showed that the bioenergetic profile of 2102Ep cells clearly distinguishes them from normal hESCs. This should be considered when this cell line is used as a reference, and highlight the importance of further research concerning energy metabolism of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Teino
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadezda Peet
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalju Paju
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Tallinn University, Narva mnt 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kelly GM, Gatie MI. Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3684178. [PMID: 28373885 PMCID: PMC5360977 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3684178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the pioneering work arose from studies with embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) derived from teratocarcinomas. This original work was broad in scope, but eventually led the way for us to focus on the components involved in the gene regulation of stemness and differentiation. As the name implies, ECCs are malignant in nature, yet maintain the ability to differentiate into the 3 germ layers and extraembryonic tissues, as well as behave normally when reintroduced into a healthy blastocyst. Retinoic acid signaling has been thoroughly interrogated in ECCs, especially in the F9 and P19 murine cell models, and while we have touched on this aspect, this review purposely highlights how some key transcription factors regulate pluripotency and cell stemness prior to this signaling. Another major focus is on the epigenetic regulation of ECCs and stem cells, and, towards that end, this review closes on what we see as a new frontier in combating aging and human disease, namely, how cellular metabolism shapes the epigenetic landscape and hence the pluripotency of all stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Kelly
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed I. Gatie
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
A Comparative Perspective on Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling in Cell Fate Determination. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 61:323-350. [PMID: 28409312 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an ancient and highly conserved signalling pathway that plays fundamental roles in the regulation of embryonic development and adult homeostasis. This pathway has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphological changes and apoptosis. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate with specific examples the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in cell fate determination. We discuss the roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in specifying cell fate throughout evolution, how its function in patterning during development is often reactivated during regeneration and how perturbation of this pathway has negative consequences for the control of cell fate.The origin of all life was a single cell that had the capacity to respond to cues from the environment. With evolution, multicellular organisms emerged, and as a result, subsets of cells arose to form tissues able to respond to specific instructive signals and perform specialised functions. This complexity and specialisation required two types of messages to direct cell fate: intra- and intercellular. A fundamental question in developmental biology is to understand the underlying mechanisms of cell fate choice. Amongst the numerous external cues involved in the generation of cellular diversity, a prominent pathway is the Wnt signalling pathway in all its forms.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jeon JH, Kim DK, Shin Y, Kim HY, Song B, Lee EY, Kim JK, You HJ, Cheong H, Shin DH, Kim ST, Cheong JH, Kim SY, Jang H. Migration and invasion of drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells are dependent on mitochondrial activity. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e277. [PMID: 27932791 PMCID: PMC5192074 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A small proportion of cancer cells have stem-cell-like properties, are resistant to standard therapy and are associated with a poor prognosis. The metabolism of such drug-resistant cells differs from that of nearby non-resistant cells. In this study, the metabolism of drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated. The expression of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial membrane was negatively correlated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Because the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reflects the functional status of mitochondria and metastasis is the principal cause of death due to cancer, the relationship between MMP and metastasis was evaluated. Cells with a higher MMP exhibited greater migration and invasion than those with a lower MMP. Cells that survived treatment with cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug for lung adenocarcinoma, exhibited increased MMP and enhanced migration and invasion compared with parental cells. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of mitochondrial activity significantly impeded the migration and invasion of cisplatin-resistant cells. RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that the expression of mitochondrial complex genes was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. These results suggested that drug-resistant cells have a greater MMP and that inhibition of mitochondrial activity could be used to prevent metastasis of drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jeon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Keon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngmi Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bomin Song
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye Jin You
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heesun Cheong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youl Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The early landmark discoveries in cancer metabolism research have uncovered metabolic processes that support rapid proliferation, such as aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), glutaminolysis, and increased nucleotide biosynthesis. However, there are limitations to the effectiveness of specifically targeting the metabolic processes which support rapid proliferation. First, as other normal proliferative tissues also share similar metabolic features, they may also be affected by such treatments. Secondly, targeting proliferative metabolism may only target the highly proliferating "bulk tumor" cells and not the slower-growing, clinically relevant cancer stem cell subpopulations which may be required for an effective cure. An emerging body of research indicates that altered metabolism plays key roles in supporting proliferation-independent functions of cancer such as cell survival within the ischemic and acidic tumor microenvironment, immune system evasion, and maintenance of the cancer stem cell state. As these aspects of cancer cell metabolism are critical for tumor maintenance yet are less likely to be relevant in normal cells, they represent attractive targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang Y, Luo B, Deng Z, Wang B, Liu F, Li J, Shi W, Xie H, Hu X, Li J. Mitochondrial aerobic respiration is activated during hair follicle stem cell differentiation, and its dysfunction retards hair regeneration. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1821. [PMID: 27168957 PMCID: PMC4860312 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Emerging research revealed the essential role of mitochondria in regulating stem/progenitor cell differentiation of neural progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and other stem cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), Notch or other signaling pathway. Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis results in hair loss upon injury. However, alteration of mitochondrial morphology and metabolic function during hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) differentiation and how they affect hair regeneration has not been elaborated upon. Methods. We compared the difference in mitochondrial morphology and activity between telogen bulge cells and anagen matrix cells. Expression levels of mitochondrial ROS and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were measured to evaluate redox balance. In addition, the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were estimated to present the change in energetic metabolism during differentiation. To explore the effect of the mitochondrial metabolism on regulating hair regeneration, hair growth was observed after application of a mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor upon hair plucking. Results. During HFSCs differentiation, mitochondria became elongated with more abundant organized cristae and showed higher activity in differentiated cells. SOD2 was enhanced for redox balance with relatively stable ROS levels in differentiated cells. PDK increased in HFSCs while differentiated cells showed enhanced PDH, indicating that respiration switched from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation during differentiation. Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in differentiated hair follicle cells upon hair plucking repressed hair regeneration in vivo. Conclusions. Upon HFSCs differentiation, mitochondria are elongated with more abundant cristae and show higher activity, accompanying with activated aerobic respiration in differentiated cells for higher energy supply. Also, dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration delays hair regeneration upon injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Binping Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Fangfen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Jinmao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Copley AL, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Pestell RG, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. [On the physiological roles of fibrinogen and fibrin]. Postepy Biochem 1968; 18:55. [PMID: 27220421 PMCID: PMC4879746 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is now viewed as a stem cell disease. There is still no consensus on the metabolic characteristics of cancer stem cells, with several studies indicating that they are mainly glycolytic and others pointing instead to mitochondrial metabolism as their principal source of energy. Cancer stem cells also seem to adapt their metabolism to microenvironmental changes by conveniently shifting energy production from one pathway to another, or by acquiring intermediate metabolic phenotypes. Determining the role of cancer stem cell metabolism in carcinogenesis has become a major focus in cancer research, and substantial efforts are conducted towards discovering clinical targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|