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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Khurm M, Guo Y, Wu Q, Zhang X, Ghori MU, Rasool MF, Imran I, Saqib F, Wahid M, Guo Z. Conocarpus lancifolius (Combretaceae): Pharmacological Effects, LC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling and In Silico Attributes. Metabolites 2023; 13:794. [PMID: 37512501 PMCID: PMC10385132 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In folklore medicine, Conocarpus lancifolius is used to treat various illnesses. The main objective of this study was a comprehensive investigation of Conocarpus lancifolius leaf aqueous extract (CLAE) for its antioxidant, cardioprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory-enhancing capabilities by using different in vitro, in vivo and in silico models. The in vitro experimentation revealed that CLAE consumed an ample amount of total phenolics (67.70 ± 0.15 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoids (47.54 ± 0.45 µg QE/mg) with stronger antiradical effects through DPPH (IC50 = 16.66 ± 0.42 µg/mL), TAC (77.33 ± 0.41 µg AAE/mg) and TRP (79.11 ± 0.67 µg GAE/mg) assays. The extract also displayed suitable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory (IC50 = 110.13 ± 1.71 µg/mL) activity through a modified Ellman's method. The toxicology examination presented no mortality or any signs of clinical toxicity in both single-dose and repeated-dose tests. In line with the cardioprotective study, the pretreatment of CLAE was found to be effective in relieving the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats by normalizing the heart weight index, serum cardiac biomarkers, lipid profile and various histopathological variations. In the noise-stress-induced model for behavior attributes, the results demonstrated that CLAE has the tendency to increase the time spent in the central zone and elevated open arms in the open field and elevated plus maze tests (examined for anxiety assessment), reduced periods of immobility in the forced swimming test (for depression) and improved recognition and working memory in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests, respectively. Moreover, the LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling predicted 53 phytocompounds in CLAE. The drug-likeness and ADMET analysis exhibited that the majority of the identified compounds have reasonable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles. The co-expression of molecular docking and network analysis indicated that top-ranked CLAE phytoconstituents act efficiently against the key proteins and target multiple signaling pathways to exert its cardiovascular-protectant, anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory-enhancing activity. Hence, this artifact illustrates that the observed biological properties of CLAE elucidate its significance as a sustainable source of bioactive phytochemicals, which appears to be advantageous for pursuing further studies for the development of new therapeutic agents of desired interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khurm
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Muhammad Umer Ghori
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zengjun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Cheng Y, Wan S, Yao L, Lin D, Wu T, Chen Y, Zhang A, Lu C. Bamboo leaf: A review of traditional medicinal property, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and purification technology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116166. [PMID: 36649850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bamboos are perennial evergreen plants that belong to the subfamily Bambusoideae of the true grass family Poaceae, with more than thousands of species distributed around the world. They are used as a traditional medicine with demonstrated effects of anti-oxidation, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, liver protection and ameliorating cognitive deficits. Bamboo leaf is mainly used for the treatment of atherosclerotic, diabetic and nervous system diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the traditional medicinal properties, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and purification technologies of bamboo leaf. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on bamboo leaf was obtained by an online search of worldwide accepted scientific databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ACS Publications, Wiley Online Library and CNKI). RESULTS More than 100 chemical compounds, including flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, volatile components, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, coenzyme Q10, phenylpropanoid and amino acids have been reported to be present. These compounds were usually extracted by column chromatography and membrane separation technologies. Preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC), high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB) and dynamic axial compression chromatography (DAC) were the advanced separation technologies have been used to isolate C-glycosides from bamboo leaf flavonoid, the main bioactive ingredient of bamboo leaf. Currently, bamboo leaf is mainly used for the treatment of atherosclerotic, diabetic, hepatic diseases and nervous system related symptoms, which are attributed to the presence of bioactive components of bamboo leaf. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological analyses of bamboo leaf have been revealed in recent studies. However, most of the pharmacological studies on bamboo leaf have focused on bamboo leaf flavonoids. Further studies need to pay more attention to other phytochemical components of bamboo leaf. In addition, there is lack of sufficient clinical data and toxicity studies on bamboo leaf. Therefore, more clinical and toxicity researches on this plant and constituents are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Siqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Linna Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ding Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Zhejiang Limited Company of Science and Technology of SHENGSHI BIOLOGY, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Chenfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Translationally controlled tumor protein restores impaired memory and altered synaptic protein expression in animal models of dementia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114357. [PMID: 36738496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the effects of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) on mice with memory impairment caused by scopolamine (SCO) administration. Specifically, memory functions and expression levels of hippocampal synaptic proteins in 7- to 12-month-old SCO-treated wild-type (WT-SCO) mice were compared to those of TCTP-overexpressing (TG) and TCTP knocked-down (KD) mice similarly treated with SCO. Passive-avoidance tasks were performed with WT, TG, and KD mice for four weeks after intraperitoneal injection of SCO or saline followed by an acquisition test. After completing behavioral studies, hippocampi of all mice groups were collected and their synaptic protein contents were subjected to Western blotting or immunohistochemical analyses, and compared with those of 5x familial Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD) mice and postmortem AD patients. Results of passive avoidance tests revealed that SCO-induced memory impairment was repaired in TCTP-TG mice, but not in TCTP-KD mice. Hippocampal expression levels of synaptophysin, synapsin-1, and PSD-95 were increased in TCTP-TG mice treated with SCO (TG-SCO) but decreased in TCTP-KD mice treated with SCO (KD-SCO). Decreased levels of TCTP, synaptophysin, and PSD-95 were also found in hippocampi of 5xFAD mice and AD patients. Expression levels of p-CREB/CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in TCTP-TG and TG-SCO mice were similar to or increased compared to those in WT mice, but decreased in TCTP-KD and KD-SCO mice. BDNF immunoreactivity was restored in CA1 regions of hippocampi of TG-SCO mice, but not in KD-SCO mice. These results suggest that TCTP can restore damaged memory in mice possibly through restored synaptic protein expression.
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Bahaeddin Z, Khodagholi F, Foolad F, Emadi F, Alijaniha F, Zareh Shahamati S, Tavassoli Yousef Abadi R, Naseri M. Almond intake during pregnancy in rats improved the cognitive performance of adult male offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35965474 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Based on evidence there are accepted links among early nutrition, epigenetic processes, and cognitive performance. Almond as a nutritious food could exert neuroprotective effects and improve anxiety, learning, and memory.Methods: In the current study, female rats were fed with a diet containing 5% (w/w) almonds during the mating period (two days) and gestation period (21 consecutive days). Then, the effect of the almond diet on short-term memory (Y maze), anxiety (elevated plus maze), and stress adaptation (forced swimming test) were investigated in the adult male offspring. The hippocampus (HIP), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and amygdala (AMY) of offspring were collected, and the level of cyclic AMP response element-binding proteins (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was assessed by western blotting. Also, Monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A and B activity were evaluated via enzymatic assays.Results: Our results indicated that prenatal almond consumption improved memory, made a modest reduction in anxiety-like behavior, and increased stress adaptation in adult male offspring. Also, molecular assessments showed an increased level of CREB phosphorylation and BDNF in the HIP and PFC of the almond group, while the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B was inhibited by almond consumption in mentioned areas.Discussion: These findings introduce almonds as a beneficial diet during pregnancy, for improving short-term memory, stress adaptation, and cognitive performance in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahaeddin
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Emadi
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alijaniha
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Zareh Shahamati
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Naseri
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Liang S, Zhao Y, Chen G, Wang C. Isoorientin ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in a murine model of asthma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1479-1488. [PMID: 35658632 PMCID: PMC9493767 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221094505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma which is induced by ovalbumin (OVA) is a chronic airway inflammation disease. Isoorientin (Iso) is a natural C-glucosyl flavone with many biological properties. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Iso on OVA-induced allergic asthma. A total of 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, OVA group, Dex (dexamethasone, 10 mg/kg) group, low-dose Iso group (Iso-L, 25 mg/kg), and high-dose Iso group (Iso-H, 50 mg/kg). The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for biochemical parameters, the lung tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, malondialdehyde (MDA), NO, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Iso-L and Iso-H groups were significantly lower than that in model group (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were higher than that in model group (p < 0.05). Iso significantly ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness. Meanwhile, H&E staining revealed that mice treated with Iso resulted in the ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration and a reduction in interstitial thickening. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1 protein expression in Iso-L and Iso-H groups were enhanced over that in model group, while p-NF-κB-p65 and p-IκB-α protein expression was decreased (p < 0.05). Our research indicated that Iso alleviated the OVA-induced allergic asthma, and this effect can be explained by the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway; thus, the results providing a therapeutic rationale for the treatment of Iso on allergic asthma.
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Sun GY, Lin TN. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phytochemical Components of Clinacanthus nutans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113607. [PMID: 35684542 PMCID: PMC9182488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of Clinacanthus nutans suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of C. nutans extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of C. nutans extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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Huang S, Li Z, Jiang S, Xu M. Metabolomic study on the protective effect of isoorientin against myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:81-88. [PMID: 35151208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has become one of the largest threats to human life. Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by myocardial infarction are important causes of myocardial cell injury. Compared with chemical drugs, botanical drugs that are natural antioxidants have relatively few toxic side effects. Isoorientin (ISO), a C-glucosyl flavone with a chemical nomenclature, exists in the human diet and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in other diseases. However, its role in myocardial infarction has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of ISO administration on cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction, on ROS levels in H9C2 myocardial cells after hypoxia in vitro, and on metabolomic changes in mice after myocardial infarction. We found that ISO improved cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction and inhibited hypoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cells in vitro. We also found through metabolomic analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis that ISO significantly changed metabolic pathways in mice after myocardial infarction, including histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, renin secretion and other pathways. These results lay a foundation for further exploration of the protective effect of ISO against myocardial infarction and the development of related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoman Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Zexiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Shaoru Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Mingwei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China.
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McNerney MW, Heath A, Narayanan S, Yesavage J. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cholinergic Signaling in the 3xTgAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:499-507. [PMID: 35068462 PMCID: PMC9028616 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating disorder involving the loss of plasticity and cholinergic neurons in the cortex. Pharmaceutical treatments are limited in their efficacy, but brain stimulation is emerging as a treatment for diseases of cognition. More research is needed to determine the biochemical mechanisms and treatment efficacy of this technique. Objective: We aimed to determine if forebrain repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve cortical BDNF gene expression and cholinergic signaling in the 3xTgAD mouse model of AD. Methods: Both B6 wild type mice and 3xTgAD mice aged 12 months were given daily treatment sessions for 14 days or twice weekly for 6 weeks. Following treatment, brain tissue was extracted for immunological stains for plaque load, as well as biochemical analysis for BDNF gene expression and cholinergic signaling via acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase ELISA assays. Results: For the 3xTgAD mice, both 14 days and 6 weeks treatment regimens resulted in an increase in BDNF gene expression relative to sham treatment, with a larger increase in the 6-week group. Acetylcholinesterase activity also increased for both treatments in 3xTgAD mice. The B6 mice only had an increase in BDNF gene expression for the 6-week group. Conclusion: Brain stimulation is a possible non-invasive and nonpharmaceutical treatment option for AD as it improves both plasticity markers and cholinergic signaling in an AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Windy McNerney
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alesha Heath
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sindhu Narayanan
- Medical Anthropology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome Yesavage
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Scrophularia buergeriana Extract (Brainon) Improves Scopolamine-Induced Neuronal Impairment and Cholinergic Dysfunction in Mice through CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of Scrophularia buergeriana extract (Brainon) on cognitive dysfunction and determined its underlying mechanisms in a scopolamine (SCO)-treated mouse model of memory impairment. Brainon treatment for 28 days ameliorated the symptoms of memory impairment as indicated by the results of both passive avoidance performance and the Morris water mazes. Brainon lowered acetylcholinesterase activity and raised acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus. The treatment elevated the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding (CREB). Additionally, the excessive generation of SCO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress were suppressed by the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and SOD-2 proteins. mRNA levels of upregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as the apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) expression after SCO injection were downregulated by Brainon treatment. Collectively, these findings suggested that Brainon possesses anti-amnesic effects through the CREB-BDNF pathway. Moreover, it exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in SCO-induced mice exhibiting cognitive impairment and memory loss.
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Ji W, Zhang Y, Ge RL, Wan Y, Liu J. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxicity Is Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure at High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:45-57. [PMID: 33252277 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Ji
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Ri-li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
| | - Yaqi Wan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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Oh DR, Kim Y, Im S, Oh KN, Shin J, Jeong C, Kim Y, Choi EJ, Choi C. Vaccinium bracteatum Improves Spatial Learning and Memory by Regulating N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors and Tau Phosphorylation in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Memory Impaired Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 49:69-94. [PMID: 33371815 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2150004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Leaves (VBL) are a component of traditional herbal medicines. However, molecular mechanisms of VBL in stress-related memory impairment are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the spatial memory improvement effects of VBL in an animal model of chronic restraint stress (CRS) by using Y maze test and identified possible protective mechanisms against oxidative stress inducers (e.g., corticosterone and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. VBL showed neuroprotective effects via reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in corticosterone or H2O2-induced cell death that was mediated through the regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Nrf2 pathways. Furthermore, CRS-exposed mice were orally administered VBL (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) daily for 21 days. CRS-exposed mice treated with VBL showed significantly increased spontaneous alternation in short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) trials, and number of total arm entries in LTM trials as measured by the Y maze test. Moreover, VBL (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus (HC, [Formula: see text] ¡ 0.01 and [Formula: see text] ¡ 0.001, respectively) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). CRS-exposed mice treated with VBL had dramatically decreased total Tau and Tau phosphorylation in the synapse of the HC and PFC which might be mediated by the regulation of CaMKII and GSK3[Formula: see text] phosphorylation. Additionally, VBL reduced CRS-induced upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NMDAR1, 2A, and 2B). Thus, VBL exerts spatial memory improvement by regulating CRS-induced NMDA receptor neurotoxicity and Tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dool-Ri Oh
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Im
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo-Nyeo Oh
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jawon Shin
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Jeong
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonguk Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulyung Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources, Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
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Ko YH, Kim SK, Lee SY, Jang CG. Flavonoids as therapeutic candidates for emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1128-1143. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Serafim C, Araruna ME, Júnior EA, Diniz M, Hiruma-Lima C, Batista L. A Review of the Role of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcer (2010-2020). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225431. [PMID: 33233494 PMCID: PMC7699562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are characterized by erosions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract that may reach the muscle layer. Their etiology is multifactorial and occurs when the balance between offensive and protective factors of the mucosa is disturbed. Peptic ulcers represent a global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide and showing high rates of recurrence. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most important predisposing factors for the development of peptic ulcers. Therefore, new approaches to complementary treatments are needed to prevent the development of ulcers and their recurrence. Natural products such as medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been widely used in experimental models of peptic ulcers. Flavonoids are among the molecules of greatest interest in biological assays due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study is a literature review of flavonoids that have been reported to show peptic ulcer activity in experimental models. Studies published from January 2010 to January 2020 were selected from reference databases. This review refers to a collection of flavonoids with antiulcer activity in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Maria Elaine Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Edvaldo Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Margareth Diniz
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
| | - Clélia Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Batista
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-32167003; Fax: +55-83-32167502
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Bastola T, Pariyar R, Jeon BM, Baek JI, Chang BY, Kim SC, Kim SY, Seo J. Protective effects of SGB121, ginsenoside F1-enriched ginseng extract, on scopolamine-induced cytotoxicity and memory impairments. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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