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Chen Q, Wu B, Shi Z, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Hu J, Mao L, Gao Y, Wu G. LncRNA H19 knockdown promotes neuropathologic and functional recovery via the Nrf2/HO-1 axis after traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14870. [PMID: 39049714 PMCID: PMC11269889 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) stands as a significant concern in public health, frequently leading to enduring neurological deficits. Long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) exerts a potential regulator role in the pathology of brain injury. This study investigates the effects of lncRNA H19 knockdown (H19-KD) on the pathophysiology of TBI and its potential neuroprotective mechanisms. METHODS Controlled cortical impact was employed to establish a stable TBI mouse model. The expression levels of various genes in perilesional cortex and striatum tissue after TBI was detected by RT-qPCR. AAV9-shRNA-H19 was injected into the lateral ventricle of mice to knockdown the expression of lncRNA H19. Various behavioral tests were performed to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive functions after TBI. Immunofluorescence and Nissl staining were performed to assess brain tissue damage and neuroinflammation. The Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was performed by Western blot. RESULTS After TBI, the expression of lncRNA H19 was elevated in perilesional tissue and gradually reverted to baseline. Behavioral tests demonstrated that H19-KD significantly promoted the recovery of sensorimotor and cognitive functions after TBI. Besides, H19-KD reduced brain tissue loss, preserved neuronal integrity, and ameliorated white matter damage at the histological level. In addition, H19-KD restrained the pro-inflammatory and facilitated anti-inflammatory phenotypes of microglia/macrophages, attenuating the neuroinflammatory response after TBI. Furthermore, H19-KD promoted activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis after TBI, while suppression of Nrf2 partially abolished the neuroprotective effect. CONCLUSION H19-KD exerts neuroprotective effects after TBI in mice, partially mediated by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Biwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xingdong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Leilei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Fu C, Tang H, Liu L, Huang Y, Zhou H, Huang S, Peng T, Zeng P, Yang X, He L, Xu K. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Promotes Myelin Remodeling and Motor Function by Mediating Sox2/Fyn Signals in Rats With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzae011. [PMID: 38302073 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in infants often leads to hemiplegic motor dysfunction. The mechanism of their motor dysfunction has been attributed to deficiencies of the transcription factor sex-determining region (SRY) box 2 (Sox2) or the non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase Fyn (involved in neuronal signal transduction), which causes a defect in myelin formation. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia may stimulate myelin growth by regulating Sox2/Fyn, Ras homolog protein family A (RhoA), and rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) expression levels. This study investigated how Sox2/Fyn regulates myelin remodeling following CIMT to improve motor function in rats with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). METHODS To investigate the mechanism of Sox2 involvement in myelin growth and neural function in rats with HCP, Lentivirus (Lenti)-Sox2 adeno-associated virus and negative control-Lenti-Sox2 (LS) adeno-associated virus were injected into the lateral ventricle. The rats were divided into a control group and an HCP group with different interventions (CIMT, LS, or negative control-LS [NS] treatment), yielding the HCP, HCP plus CIMT (HCP + CIMT), HCP + LS, HCP + LS + CIMT, HCP + NS, and HCP + NS + CIMT groups. Front-limb suspension and RotaRod tests, Golgi-Cox staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments were used to analyze the motor function, dendrite/axon area, myelin ultrastructure, and levels of expression of oligodendrocytes and Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 in the motor cortex. RESULTS The rats in the HCP + LS + CIMT group had better values for motor function, dendrite/axon area, myelin ultrastructure, oligodendrocytes, and Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 expression in the motor cortex than rats in the HCP and HCP + NS groups. The improvement of motor function and myelin remodeling, the expression of oligodendrocytes, and the expression of Sox2/Fyn/RhoA/ROCK2 in the HCP + LS group were similar to those in the HCP + CIMT group. CONCLUSION CIMT might overcome RhoA/ROCK2 signaling by upregulating the transcription of Sox2 to Fyn in the brain to induce the maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, thereby promoting myelin remodeling and improving motor function in rats with HCP. IMPACT The pathway mediated by Sox2/Fyn could be a promising therapeutic target for HCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiong Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liru Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
- School of Exercise and Health, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiya Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peishan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubo Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishou Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
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Fu X, Sun P, Zhang X, Zhu D, Qin Q, Lu J, Wang J. GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex mediates the association of white matter hyperintensities with executive function: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4282-4298. [PMID: 38441529 PMCID: PMC10968699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are associated with executive function. Multiple studies suggested cortical alterations mediate WMH-related cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the crucial role of cortical GABA in the WMH patients. In the 87 WMH patients (46 mild and 41 moderate to severe) examined in this study, GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) assessed by the Meshcher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence, WMH volume and executive function were compared between the two groups. Partial correlation and mediation analyses were carried out to examine the GABA levels in mediating the association between WMH volume and executive function. Patients with moderate to severe WMH had lower GABA+/Cr in the ACC (p = 0.034) and worse executive function (p = 0.004) than mild WMH patients. In all WMH cases, the GABA+/Cr levels in the ACC mediated the negative correlation between WMH and executive function (ab: effect = -0.020, BootSE = 0.010, 95% CI: -0.042 to -0.004). This finding suggested GABA+/Cr levels in the ACC might serve as a protective factor or potential target for preventing the occurrence and progression of executive function decline in WMH people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Fu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongyong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jue Lu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ning JW, Zang CX, Shang MY, Bao XQ, Zhang D. Natural products and their derivatives alleviating cerebral white matter lesions. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:146-153. [PMID: 38419338 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs), characterized by focal demyelination or myelination disorders, are commonly present in cerebral small vessel disease and various neurological diseases. Multiple etiologies lead to WMLs. However, there is no specific therapy or effective drugs for relieving WMLs. Natural products and their derivatives originate from bacterial, fungal, plant, and marine animal sources, many of which have multiple therapeutic targets. Compared to single target compounds, natural products and their derivatives are promising to be developed as better drugs to attenuate WMLs. Thus, this review attempts to summarize the status of natural products and their derivatives (2010-to date) alleviating cerebral white matter lesions for the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei-Yu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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5
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Shi L, Wang Z, Li Y, Song Z, Yin W, Hu B. Deletion of the chd7 Hinders Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Development and Myelination in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13535. [PMID: 37686337 PMCID: PMC10488005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7, an encoding ATP-dependent chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7, has been identified as the causative gene involved in CHARGE syndrome (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital abnormalities and Ear abnormalities). Although studies in rodent models have expanded our understanding of CHD7, its role in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination in zebrafish is still unclear. In this study, we generated a chd7-knockout strain with CRISPR/Cas9 in zebrafish. We observed that knockout (KO) of chd7 intensely impeded the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells' (OPCs) migration and myelin formation due to massive expression of chd7 in oilg2+ cells, which might provoke upregulation of the MAPK signal pathway. Thus, our study demonstrates that chd7 is critical to oligodendrocyte migration and myelination during early development in zebrafish and describes a mechanism potentially associated with CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Shi
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Yujiao Li
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Zheng Song
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Wu Yin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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6
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Chung HL, Ye Q, Park YJ, Zuo Z, Mok JW, Kanca O, Tattikota SG, Lu S, Perrimon N, Lee HK, Bellen HJ. Very-long-chain fatty acids induce glial-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis, secretion, and neuroinflammation. Cell Metab 2023; 35:855-874.e5. [PMID: 37084732 PMCID: PMC10160010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
VLCFAs (very-long-chain fatty acids) are the most abundant fatty acids in myelin. Hence, during demyelination or aging, glia are exposed to higher levels of VLCFA than normal. We report that glia convert these VLCFA into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) via a glial-specific S1P pathway. Excess S1P causes neuroinflammation, NF-κB activation, and macrophage infiltration into the CNS. Suppressing the function of S1P in fly glia or neurons, or administration of Fingolimod, an S1P receptor antagonist, strongly attenuates the phenotypes caused by excess VLCFAs. In contrast, elevating the VLCFA levels in glia and immune cells exacerbates these phenotypes. Elevated VLCFA and S1P are also toxic in vertebrates based on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Indeed, reducing VLCFA with bezafibrate ameliorates the phenotypes. Moreover, simultaneous use of bezafibrate and fingolimod synergizes to improve EAE, suggesting that lowering VLCFA and S1P is a treatment avenue for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Lok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Qi Ye
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ye-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jung-Wan Mok
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nobert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Xie Y, Cai K, Dai J, Wei G. Enhanced Integrity of White Matter Microstructure in Mind-Body Practitioners: A Whole-Brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040691. [PMID: 37190656 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an increasingly popular multimodal mind-body practice with potential cognitive benefits, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly in relation to brain white matter (WM) microstructure, remain largely unknown. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the attention network test (ANT) to compare 22 TCC practitioners and 18 healthy controls. We found extensive differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) between the two groups. Specifically, TCC practitioners had significantly different diffusion metrics in the corticospinal tract (CST), fornix (FX)/stria terminalis (ST), and cerebral peduncle (CP). We also observed a significant correlation between increased FA values in the right CP and ANT performance in TCC practitioners. Our findings suggest that optimized regional WM microstructure may contribute to the complex information processing associated with TCC practice, providing insights for preventing cognitive decline and treating neurological disorders with cognitive impairment in clinical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kelong Cai
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jingang Dai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, National Chinese Medicine Experts Inheritance Office of Song Jun, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Tang X, Wei C, Zhang R, You J, Chen X. CCL21/CCR7 axis regulates demyelination and vascular cognitive impairment in a mouse model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurol Res 2023; 45:248-259. [PMID: 36215431 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES White matter lesions (WML) are usually accompanied by cognitive decline, which consist of axonal loss and demyelination. CC chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) belong to the chemokine family, which are involved in many diseases. However, their function in the central nervous system (CNS) is still unexplored. This study aimed to explore the role of CCL21/CCR7 axis in the pathological process of chronic ischemia-induced WML. METHODS Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) was employed in C57BL/6 mice as the in vivo WML model. Microarray analysis was performed to detect the overall molecular changes induced in the endothelial cells by BCAS. Q-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate expression levels of the related molecules. The mice were injected with LV-CCL21-GFP virus in the corpus callosum to overexpress CCL21. WML degree was determined via MRI, and cognitive ability was assessed by Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Myelin sheath integrity was evaluated via immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS CCL21 was significantly downregulated in endothelial cells after BCAS and CCL21 overexpression alleviated BCAS-induced cognitive deficits and demyelination. Furthermore, CCR7 was found to be mainly expressed in oligodendrocytes (OLs) after exposed to hypoxia and CCR7 silencing blocked the protective effects induced by CCL21 overexpression. Conclusions CCL21/CCR7 axis may play a key role in demyelination induced by BCAS. This might provide a novel therapeutic target for WML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Tang
- These authors have contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship
| | - Cunsheng Wei
- These authors have contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie You
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Deng S, Shu S, Zhai L, Xia S, Cao X, Li H, Bao X, Liu P, Xu Y. Optogenetic Stimulation of mPFC Alleviates White Matter Injury-Related Cognitive Decline after Chronic Ischemia through Adaptive Myelination. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2202976. [PMID: 36529961 PMCID: PMC9929132 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI), which reflects myelin loss, contributes to cognitive decline or dementia caused by cerebral vascular diseases. However, because pharmacological agents specifically for WMI are lacking, novel therapeutic strategies need to be explored. It is recently found that adaptive myelination is required for homeostatic control of brain functions. In this study, adaptive myelination-related strategies are applied to explore the treatment for ischemic WMI-related cognitive dysfunction. Here, bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is used to model ischemic WMI-related cognitive impairment and uncover that optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the corpus callosum, leading to improvements in myelin repair and working memory. Mechanistically, these neuromodulatory techniques exert a therapeutic effect by inducing the secretion of Wnt2 from activated neuronal axons, which acts on oligodendrocyte precursor cells and drives oligodendrogenesis and myelination. Thus, this study suggests that neuromodulation is a promising strategy for directing myelin repair and cognitive recovery through adaptive myelination in the context of ischemic WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Deng
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Shu Shu
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Lili Zhai
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Huiya Li
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of NeurologyDrum Tower HospitalMedical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyInstitute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of NeurologyNanjing210008China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical CenterNanjing210008China
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10
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Hu Y, Wu Y, Su H, Tu J, Zeng L, Lei J, Xia L. Exploring the relationship between brain white matter change and higher degree of invisible hand tremor with computer technology. Technol Health Care 2022; 31:921-931. [PMID: 36442160 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At present, the clinical diagnosis of white matter change (WMC) patients depends on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. This diagnostic method is costly and does not allow for large-scale screening, leading to delays in the patient’s condition due to inability to receive timely diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the burden of WMC is associated with the degree of invisible hand tremor in humans. METHODS: Previous studies have shown that tremor is associated with WMC, however, tremor does not always have imaging of WMC. Therefore, to confirm that the appearance of WMC causes tremor, which are sometimes invisible to the naked eye, we achieved an optical-based computer-aided diagnostic device by detecting the invisible hand tremor, and we proposed a calculation method of WMC volume by using the characteristics of MRI images. RESULTS: Statistical analysis results further clarified the relationship between WMC and tremor, and our devices are validated for the detection of tremors with WMC. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of WMC volume is positive factor for degree of invisible hand tremor in the participants without visible hand tremor. Detection technology provides a more convenient and low-cost evaluating method before MRI for tremor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hai Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianglong Tu
- Department of Nephrology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Luchuan Zeng
- School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Lei
- School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linglin Xia
- School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Zhou J, Zhang P, Zhang B, Kong Y. White Matter Damage in Alzheimer's Disease: Contribution of Oligodendrocytes. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:CAR-EPUB-127137. [PMID: 36281858 PMCID: PMC9982194 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221021115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, seriously influencing the quality of life and is a global health problem. Many factors affect the onset and development of AD, but specific mechanisms underlying the disease are unclear. Most studies investigating AD have focused on neurons and the gray matter in the central nervous system (CNS) but have not led to effective treatments. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the white matter (WM). Magnetic resonance imaging and pathology studies have shown different degrees of WM abnormality during the progression of AD. Myelin sheaths, the main component of WM in the CNS, wrap and insulate axons to ensure conduction of the rapid action potential and axonal integrity. WM damage is characterized by progressive degeneration of axons, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and myelin in one or more areas of the CNS. The contributions of OLs to AD progression have, until recently, been largely overlooked. OLs are integral to myelin production, and the proliferation and differentiation of OLs, an early characteristic of AD, provide a promising target for preclinical diagnosis and treatment. However, despite some progress, the key mechanisms underlying the contributions of OLs to AD remain unclear. Given the heavy burden of medical treatment, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD is vital. This review comprehensively summarize the results on WM abnormalities in AD and explores the relationship between OL progenitor cells and the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing-400042, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing-400010, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing-401331, China
| | - Yuhan Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing-400042, China
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12
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Cho Y, Bae HG, Okun E, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. Physiology and pharmacology of amyloid precursor protein. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108122. [PMID: 35114285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein and a well-characterized precursor protein of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which accumulate in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies. Aβ has been extensively investigated since the amyloid hypothesis in AD was proposed. Besides Aβ, previous studies on APP and its proteolytic cleavage products have suggested their diverse pathological and physiological functions. However, their roles still have not been thoroughly understood. In this review, we extensively discuss the evolutionarily-conserved biology of APP, including its structure and processing pathway, as well as recent findings on the physiological roles of APP and its fragments in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. We have also elaborated upon the current status of APP-targeted therapeutic approaches for AD treatment by discussing inhibitors of several proteases participating in APP processing, including α-, β-, and γ-secretases. Finally, we have highlighted the future perspectives pertaining to further research and the potential clinical role of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsuk Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Pauld Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Israel
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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13
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Ruan D, Wang Y, Li S, Zhang C, Zheng W, Yu C. Nalbuphine alleviates inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB in an acute inflammatory visceral pain rat model. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:34. [PMID: 35642022 PMCID: PMC9158276 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nalbuphine can relieve patients’ inflammation response after surgery compared to other opioid drugs. However, its molecular mechanism has not been clear. Activation of NF-κB signaling pathway under oxidative stress and inflammation can maintain pain escalation. Methods We firstly investigated the effect of nalbuphine on writhing test and mechanical allodynia using a rat model of inflammatory visceral pain (acetic acid (AA) administrated). Cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 in plasma were tested with ELISA technology. Expression levels of TNF-α, IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 at the spinal cord (L3–5) were measured by western blot or RT-qPCR. Results We found that the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) values of rats were reduced in the model group, while the numbers of writhing, levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in plasma, and p-NF-κB protein and its gene expressions in the lumbar spinal cord were up-regulated. Subcutaneously injection of nalbuphine (10 μg/kg) or PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) attenuated acetic acid-induced inflammatory pain, and this was associated with reversal of up-regulated IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in both plasma and spinal cord. Furthermore, acetic acid increased p-NF-κB and TNF-α protein levels in the white matter of the spinal cord, which was attenuated by nalbuphine. These results suggested that nalbuphine can significantly ameliorate inflammatory pain via modulating the expression of NF-κB p65 as well as inflammation factors level in the spinal cord. Conclusion In conclusion, nalbuphine inhibits inflammation through down-regulating NF-κB pathway at the spinal cord in a rat model of inflammatory visceral pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00573-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijiao Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songs North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songs North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songs North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songs North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songs North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songs North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Fractal dimension of the brain in neurodegenerative disease and dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101651. [PMID: 35643264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific antemortem biomarkers of neurodegenerative disease and dementia are crucial to the pursuit of effective treatments, required both to reliably identify disease and to track its progression. Atrophy is the structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hallmark of neurodegeneration. However in most cases it likely indicates a relatively advanced stage of disease less susceptible to treatment as some disease processes begin decades prior to clinical onset. Among emerging metrics that characterise brain shape rather than volume, fractal dimension (FD) quantifies shape complexity. FD has been applied in diverse fields of science to measure subtle changes in elaborate structures. We review its application thus far to structural MRI of the brain in neurodegenerative disease and dementia. We identified studies involving subjects who met criteria for mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Multiple Systems Atrophy, Spinocerebellar Ataxia and Multiple Sclerosis. The early literature suggests that neurodegenerative disease processes are usually associated with a decline in FD of the brain. The literature includes examples of disease-related change in FD occurring independently of atrophy, which if substantiated would represent a valuable advantage over other structural imaging metrics. However, it is likely to be non-specific and to exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns. A more harmonious methodological approach across a larger number of studies as well as careful attention to technical factors associated with image processing and FD measurement will help to better elucidate the metric's utility.
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15
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Buyukturkoglu K, Vergara C, Fuentealba V, Tozlu C, Dahan JB, Carroll BE, Kuceyeski A, Riley CS, Sumowski JF, Guevara Oliva C, Sitaram R, Guevara P, Leavitt VM. Machine learning to investigate superficial white matter integrity in early multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:36-47. [PMID: 34532924 PMCID: PMC8752496 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aims todetermine the sensitivity of superficial white matter (SWM) integrity as a metric to distinguish early multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from healthy controls (HC). METHODS Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) values from SWM bundles across the cortex and major deep white matter (DWM) tracts were extracted from 29 early MS patients and 31 age- and sex-matched HC. Thickness of 68 cortical regions and resting-state functional-connectivity (RSFC) among them were calculated. The distribution of structural and functional metrics between groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Utilizing a machine learning method (adaptive boosting), 6 models were built based on: 1-SWM, 2-DWM, 3-SWM and DWM, 4-cortical thickness, or 5-RSFC measures. In model 6, all features from previous models were incorporated. The models were trained with nested 5-folds cross-validation. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCroc ) values were calculated to evaluate classification performance of each model. Permutation tests were used to compare the AUCroc values. RESULTS Patients had higher MD in SWM bundles including insula, inferior frontal, orbitofrontal, superior and medial temporal, and pre- and post-central cortices (p < .05). No group differences were found for any other MRI metric. The model incorporating SWM and DWM features provided the best classification (AUCroc = 0.75). The SWM model provided higher AUCroc (0.74), compared to DWM (0.63), cortical thickness (0.67), RSFC (0.63), and all-features (0.68) models (p < .001 for all). CONCLUSION Our results reveal a non-random pattern of SWM abnormalities at early stages of MS even before pronounced structural and functional alterations emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korhan Buyukturkoglu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology. New York, NY. USA
| | | | | | - Ceren Tozlu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob B. Dahan
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology. New York, NY. USA
| | - Britta E. Carroll
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology. New York, NY. USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire S. Riley
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James F. Sumowski
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY. USA
| | | | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN. USA
| | | | - Victoria M. Leavitt
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology. New York, NY. USA
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16
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Flagelli A, Candini O, Frabetti S, Dominici M, Giardino L, Calzà L, Baldassarro VA. A Novel Three-Dimensional Culture Device Favors a Myelinating Morphology of Neural Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:759982. [PMID: 34660610 PMCID: PMC8517262 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) requires researchers to consider all the variables linked to the interaction between the different cell inhabitants. On this basis, any in vitro study of the physiological and pathological processes regarding the CNS should consider the balance between the standardization of the assay and the complexity of the cellular system which mimics the in vivo microenvironment. One of the main structural and functional components of the CNS is the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC), responsible for developmental myelination and myelin turnover and repair during adulthood following differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In the present brief research report, we describe a 3D culture tool (VITVO) based on an inert and biocompatible synthetic polymer material scaffold, functionalized with laminin coating, and tested as a new culture microenvironment for neural stem/precursor cell (NSPC) differentiation compared to standard 2D cultures. NSPCs spontaneously differentiate in the three neural lineages (neurons, astrocytes and OPCs), identified by specific markers, along the fibers in the 3D structure. Analysis of the mRNA levels for lineage differentiation markers reveals a higher expression compared to those seeded on a 2D surface, suggesting an acceleration of the differentiation process. We then focused on the oligodendroglial lineage, showing that in VITVO, mature oligodendrocytes exhibit a myelinating morphology, proven by 3D image elaboration, linked to a higher expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers. This preliminary study on an innovative 3D culture system is the first robust step in producing new microenvironment-based strategies to investigate in vitro OPC and oligodendrocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Flagelli
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Rigenerand Srl, Modena, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Han J, Park H, Maharana C, Gwon AR, Park J, Baek SH, Bae HG, Cho Y, Kim HK, Sul JH, Lee J, Kim E, Kim J, Cho Y, Park S, Palomera LF, Arumugam TV, Mattson MP, Jo DG. Alzheimer's disease-causing presenilin-1 mutations have deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8855-8873. [PMID: 34522215 PMCID: PMC8419044 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are frequently observed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have shown that presenilin-1 (PS1), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase whose mutation is linked to familial AD (FAD), localizes to the mitochondrial membrane and regulates its homeostasis. Thus, we investigated how five PS1 mutations (A431E, E280A, H163R, M146V, and Δexon9) observed in FAD affect mitochondrial functions. Methods: We used H4 glioblastoma cell lines genetically engineered to inducibly express either the wild-type PS1 or one of the five PS1 mutants in order to examine mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, membrane potential, ATP production, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Furthermore, we used brains of PS1M146V knock-in mice, 3xTg-AD mice, and human AD patients in order to investigate the role of PS1 in regulating MAMs formation. Results: Each PS1 mutant exhibited slightly different mitochondrial dysfunction. Δexon9 mutant induced mitochondrial fragmentation while A431E, E280A, H163R, and M146V mutants increased MAMs formation. A431E, E280A, M146V, and Δexon9 mutants also induced mitochondrial ROS production. A431E mutant impaired both complex I and peroxidase activity while M146V mutant only impaired peroxidase activity. All PS1 mutants compromised mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP levels were reduced by A431E, M146V, and Δexon9 mutants. Through comparative profiling of hippocampal gene expression in PS1M146V knock-in mice, we found that PS1M146V upregulates Atlastin 2 (ATL2) expression level, which increases ER-mitochondria contacts. Down-regulation of ATL2 after PS1 mutant induction rescued abnormally elevated ER-mitochondria interactions back to the normal level. Moreover, ATL2 expression levels were significantly elevated in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice and AD patients. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that each of the five FAD-linked PS1 mutations has a deleterious effect on mitochondrial functions in a variety of ways. The adverse effects of PS1 mutations on mitochondria may contribute to MAMs formation and oxidative stress resulting in an accelerated age of disease onset in people harboring mutant PS1.
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18
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Tan LY, Yeo XY, Bae HG, Lee DPS, Ho RC, Kim JE, Jo DG, Jung S. Association of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis with Neurodegeneration: Can Gut Microbe-Modifying Diet Prevent or Alleviate the Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:698. [PMID: 34357070 PMCID: PMC8305650 DOI: 10.3390/life11070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system was classically perceived as anatomically and functionally independent from the other visceral organs. But in recent decades, compelling evidence has led the scientific community to place a greater emphasis on the role of gut microbes on the brain. Pathological observations and early gastrointestinal symptoms highlighted that gut dysbiosis likely precedes the onset of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The delicate balance in the number and functions of pathogenic microbes and alternative probiotic populations is critical in the modulation of systemic inflammation and neuronal health. However, there is limited success in restoring healthy microbial biodiversity in AD and PD patients with general probiotics interventions and fecal microbial therapies. Fortunately, the gut microflora is susceptible to long-term extrinsic influences such as lifestyle and dietary choices, providing opportunities for treatment through comparatively individual-specific control of human behavior. In this review, we examine the impact of restrictive diets on the gut microbiome populations associated with AD and PD. The overall evidence presented supports that gut dysbiosis is a plausible prelude to disease onset, and early dietary interventions are likely beneficial for the prevention and treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore; (L.Y.T.); (X.Y.Y.)
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore; (L.Y.T.); (X.Y.Y.)
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Delia Pei Shan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore;
| | - Roger C. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore;
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore; (L.Y.T.); (X.Y.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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19
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Chowen JA, Garcia-Segura LM. Role of glial cells in the generation of sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111473. [PMID: 33766745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of neural tissue, and sex differences in the glial transcriptome and function have been described. Therefore, the possible role of these cells in the generation of sex differences in pathological alterations of the nervous system is reviewed here. Studies have shown that glia react to pathological insults with sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative effects. At least three factors determine this sex-specific response of glia: sex chromosome genes, gonadal hormones and neuroactive steroid hormone metabolites. The sex chromosome complement determines differences in the transcriptional responses in glia after brain injury, while gonadal hormones and their metabolites activate sex-specific neuroprotective mechanisms in these cells. Since the sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative activity of glial cells causes sex differences in the pathological alterations of the nervous system, glia may represent a relevant target for sex-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Zhang J, Gong X, Xiong H. Significant higher-level C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/3 and chemotactic power in cerebral white matter than grey matter in rat and human. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:10.1111/ejn.15187. [PMID: 33725384 PMCID: PMC8443722 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that cerebral white matter (WM) exhibits a higher chemoattractant capability for immune cells. The C-C motif chemokine ligands 2 and 3 (CCL2, CCL3) are key chemokines for monocytes and T cells. However, tissue differential of these chemokines is unclear, although the higher CCL2/3 mRNA levels were found in rodent WM. It has been shown that more immune cells infiltrated to WM than to grey matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and human/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV)-infected brains. More nodular lesions have also been identified in the WM of patients with MS or HIV/SIV encephalitis. We hypothesize that higher levels of CCL2/3 in the WM may associate with neuropathogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we compared CCL2 and CCL3 peptide levels in WM and GM of rat and human, and found both were significantly higher in the WM. Next, we tested the effect of CCL2 on primary rat microglia migration and observed a dose-dependent migratory pattern. Then, we assessed effects of WM and GM homogenates on microglia chemotaxis and observed significant stronger effects of WM than GM in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration-dependent pattern of tissue homogenates on chemotaxis was similar to the effect of CCL2. Finally, we found the chemoattractant effects of WM on microglia were significantly attenuated by addition of a CCL2 receptor blocker to culture medium and a neutralizing antibody against CCL3 functional motif in the WM homogenate. Taking together, these results suggest that CCL2/3 played significant roles in the microglia chemotaxis toward WM homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experiment Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xinrui Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experiment Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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