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Qi Y, Zhang R, Zhang M, Wen Q, Shen J. Effects of exogenous ascorbic acid on the mycelia growth and primordia formation of Pleurotus ostreatus. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:736-744. [PMID: 34252217 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Primordia formation is the first and most critical step in the development of fruiting bodies of edible fungi. In this study, the effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (ASA) on the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia growth and primordia formation were researched and the results showed that the growth rate of P. ostreatus mycelia was accelerated and the time of primordia formation was advanced. The protein content and ascorbate oxidase (AAO) activity analysis showed that with the increase of ASA concentration, the protein content of mycelia first decreased and then increased, and in a certain concentration range, exogenous ASA could significantly promote the activity of AAO. Further expression analysis of the development regulating genes (Pofst3 and Pofst4) as well as blue light receptor coding genes (PoWC-1 and PoWC-2) showed the expression levels of those four genes all changed after the exogenous ASA addition, which indicated that the expression changes of PoWC-1 and PoWC-2, two key genes in the light morphogenesis, might affect the expression levels of development regulating genes Pofst3 and Pofst4, so as to lead to the formation of primordia in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Quintero-Cabello KP, Palafox-Rivera P, Lugo-Flores MA, Gaitán-Hernández R, González-Aguilar GA, Silva-Espinoza BA, Tortoledo-Ortiz O, Ayala-Zavala JF, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Guerrero-Analco JA. Contribution of Bioactive Compounds to the Antioxidant Capacity of the Edible Mushroom Neolentinus lepideus. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100085. [PMID: 34046999 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neolentinus lepideus is a fungus consumed by rural communities in Central America and Asia due to its rich flavor; however, little information on its chemical composition is available. With this in mind, the objective of this work was to determine the content of vitamin E and C, ergosterol, and phenolic compounds of this fungus, as well as its antioxidant capacity. The quantified bioactive compounds were two isoforms of vitamin E, highlighting α-tocopherol (3370.35 mg/100 g dry weight, DW) and ergosterol (11.70 mg/100 g DW). The total phenolic content was 164.80 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, and nine phenolic compounds were identified (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, salicylic, p-anisic, trans-cinnamic acids, and scopoletin). The highest antioxidant capacity was detected in the lipophilic extract with TEAC (27688 μmoles Trolox equivalents/100 g). These results suggest that lipophilic compounds are among the main bioactive compounds in N. lepideus, and they might exhibit the highest radical scavenging properties in non-polar extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Quintero-Cabello
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Patricia Palafox-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marco A Lugo-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Gaitán-Hernández
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Carretera antigua a Coatepec, No. 351, el Haya, CP. 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Brenda A Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Orlando Tortoledo-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - J Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, CP. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Juan L Monribot-Villanueva
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Carretera antigua a Coatepec, No. 351, el Haya, CP. 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - José A Guerrero-Analco
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Carretera antigua a Coatepec, No. 351, el Haya, CP. 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Quintero-Cabello KP, Lugo-Flores MA, Rivera-Palafox P, Silva-Espinoza BA, González-Aguilar GA, Esqueda M, Gaitán-Hernández R, Ayala-Zavala JF. Antioxidant Properties and Industrial Uses of Edible Polyporales. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030196. [PMID: 33803280 PMCID: PMC7998620 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of antioxidant compounds varies within fungal species, and the Polyporales order has been recognized for this property. Numerous antioxidant compounds have been identified in Polyporales fungi, including phenolic compounds, β-glucans, ergosterol, ergothioneine, vitamin C, and tocopherols. Each compound contributes differently to the antioxidant potential of fungi. Besides the health benefits for rural communities caused by fungi consumption, their antioxidant composition attracts the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries’ interest. In this context, the present review compiles, analyzes, and discusses the bioactive composition of edible fungi of the Polyporales order and its contribution to total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Quintero-Cabello
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Marco A. Lugo-Flores
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Patricia Rivera-Palafox
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Martín Esqueda
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Rigoberto Gaitán-Hernández
- Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP. 91073, Mexico;
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83304, Mexico; (K.P.Q.-C.); (M.A.L.-F.); (P.R.-P.); (B.A.S.-E.); (G.A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(662)289-2400; Fax: +52-(662)280-0422
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A Fungal Ascorbate Oxidase with Unexpected Laccase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165754. [PMID: 32796622 PMCID: PMC7460845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate oxidases are an enzyme group that has not been explored to a large extent. So far, mainly ascorbate oxidases from plants and only a few from fungi have been described. Although ascorbate oxidases belong to the well-studied enzyme family of multi-copper oxidases, their function is still unclear. In this study, Af_AO1, an enzyme from the fungus Aspergillus flavus, was characterized. Sequence analyses and copper content determination demonstrated Af_AO1 to belong to the multi-copper oxidase family. Biochemical characterization and 3D-modeling revealed a similarity to ascorbate oxidases, but also to laccases. Af_AO1 had a 10-fold higher affinity to ascorbic acid (KM = 0.16 ± 0.03 mM) than to ABTS (KM = 1.89 ± 0.12 mM). Furthermore, the best fitting 3D-model was based on the ascorbate oxidase from Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo. The laccase-like activity of Af_AO1 on ABTS (Vmax = 11.56 ± 0.15 µM/min/mg) was, however, not negligible. On the other hand, other typical laccase substrates, such as syringaldezine and guaiacol, were not oxidized by Af_AO1. According to the biochemical and structural characterization, Af_AO1 was classified as ascorbate oxidase with unusual, laccase-like activity.
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