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Li J, Feng X, Wang J, Lin Q, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Mi Y, Zhu X, Jiang E, Xiao Z, Wang J, Feng S. Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infection in hematological patients: a 10-year single-center study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:796. [PMID: 37964192 PMCID: PMC10648370 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the clinical and antimicrobial characteristics of Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infection (BSI) in hematological patients. Risk factors for 30-day mortality and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (CRA) BSI acquisition were also identified. METHODS We reviewed forty hematological patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI in a large Chinese blood disease hospital between 2013 and 2022. The remaining CRA isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS The 30-day mortality rate was high at 35%. Hematological patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI often presented with severe conditions and co-infections at multiple sites. All strains were colistin-susceptible and 40.0% were CR. Multivariate analysis identified several risk factors associated with CRA BSI acquisition, including previous exposure to carbapenems within 30 days and CRA colonization. Very severe aplastic anaemia, tetracycline-resistant Acinetobacter spp. BSI, and unresolved neutropenia after infection were closely associated with 30-day mortality. Non-survivors often presented with higher median PCT and CRP levels and severe complications, such as intracranial infection, cardiac dysfunction, respiratory failure, and severe sepsis or septic shock. Our study also identified inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy as an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR: 11.234, 95% CI: 1.261-20.086, P = 0.030). This study was the first to report A. oleivorans as a human pathogen, and to identify its unique oxacillinase, OXA-325. CONCLUSION An environment-originated non-pathogenic species can become pathogenic when the body's immunity is compromised. Our results also highlighted the importance of improving neutropenia after infection, treating severe organ dysfunction, and administering appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy to reduce mortality in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xiaomeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Fengkui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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Lami R, Urios L, Molmeret M, Grimaud R. Quorum sensing in biofilms: a key mechanism to target in ecotoxicological studies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:786-804. [PMID: 36334083 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our environment is heavily contaminated by anthropogenic compounds, and this issue constitutes a significant threat to all life forms, including biofilm-forming microorganisms. Cell-cell interactions shape microbial community structures and functions, and pollutants that affect intercellular communications impact biofilm functions and ecological roles. There is a growing interest in environmental science fields for evaluating how anthropogenic pollutants impact cell-cell interactions. In this review, we synthesize existing literature that evaluates the impacts of quorum sensing (QS), which is a widespread density-dependent communication system occurring within many bacterial groups forming biofilms. First, we examine the perturbating effects of environmental contaminants on QS circuits; and our findings reveal that QS is an essential yet underexplored mechanism affected by pollutants. Second, our work highlights that QS is an unsuspected and key resistance mechanism that assists bacteria in dealing with environmental contamination (caused by metals or organic pollutants) and that favors bacterial growth in unfavourable environments. We emphasize the value of considering QS a critical mechanism for monitoring microbial responses in ecotoxicology. Ultimately, we determine that QS circuits constitute promising targets for innovative biotechnological approaches with major perspectives for applications in the field of environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Lami
- Sorbonne Université, USR3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, USR 3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Urios
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Maëlle Molmeret
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA4323, Avenue de l'université, BP 20132, La Garde Cedex, France
| | - Régis Grimaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
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Fadiji AE, Ayangbenro AS, Akanmu AO, Babalola OO. Draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. AYS6, a potential plant growth-promoting endophyte. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0046423. [PMID: 37737613 PMCID: PMC10586108 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00464-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. AYS6, an endophyte isolated from the roots of maize plant in Mafikeng, South Africa. The genome was 7,072,605 bp and exhibited a GC content of 45.6% and 3,654 genes with 3,539 coding sequences, 64 rRNA, 60 tRNAs, and 2 CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
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Sheck E, Romanov A, Shapovalova V, Shaidullina E, Martinovich A, Ivanchik N, Mikotina A, Skleenova E, Oloviannikov V, Azizov I, Vityazeva V, Lavrinenko A, Kozlov R, Edelstein M. Acinetobacter Non- baumannii Species: Occurrence in Infections in Hospitalized Patients, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1301. [PMID: 37627721 PMCID: PMC10451542 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter species other than A. baumannii are becoming increasingly more important as opportunistic pathogens for humans. The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, species distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and carbapenemase gene content of clinical Acinetobacter non-baumannii (Anb) isolates that were collected as part of a sentinel surveillance program of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the performance of MALDI-TOF MS systems for the species-level identification of Anb isolates. METHODS Clinical bacterial isolates were collected from multiple sites across Russia and Kazakhstan in 2016-2022. Species identification was performed by means of MALDI-TOF MS, with the Autobio and Bruker systems used in parallel. The PCR detection of the species-specific blaOXA-51-like gene was used as a means of differentiating A. baumannii from Anb species, and the partial sequencing of the rpoB gene was used as a reference method for Anb species identification. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics (amikacin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, sulbactam, tigecycline, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) was determined using the broth microdilution method. The presence of the most common in Acinetobacter-acquired carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24/40-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM) was assessed using real-time PCR. RESULTS In total, 234 isolates were identified as belonging to 14 Anb species. These comprised 6.2% of Acinetobacter spp. and 0.7% of all bacterial isolates from the observations. Among the Anb species, the most abundant were A. pittii (42.7%), A. nosocomialis (13.7%), the A. calcoaceticus/oleivorans group (9.0%), A. bereziniae (7.7%), and A. geminorum (6.0%). Notably, two environmental species, A. oleivorans and A. courvalinii, were found for the first time in the clinical samples of patients with urinary tract infections. The prevalence of resistance to different antibiotics in Anb species varied from <4% (meropenem and colistin) to 11.2% (gentamicin). Most isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics; however, sporadic isolates of A. bereziniae, A. johnsonii, A. nosocomialis, A. oleivorans, A. pittii, and A. ursingii were resistant to carbapenems. A. bereziniae was more frequently resistant to sulbactam, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline than the other species. Four (1.7%) isolates of A. bereziniae, A. johnsonii, A. pittii were found to carry carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-58-like and blaNDM, either alone or in combination). The overall accuracy rates of the species-level identification of Anb isolates with the Autobio and Bruker systems were 80.8% and 88.5%, with misidentifications occurring in 5 and 3 species, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important new insights into the methods of identification, occurrence, species distribution, and antibiotic resistance traits of clinical Anb isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Sheck
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Andrey Romanov
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Valeria Shapovalova
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Elvira Shaidullina
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Alexey Martinovich
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Natali Ivanchik
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Anna Mikotina
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Elena Skleenova
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Vladimir Oloviannikov
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Ilya Azizov
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Vera Vityazeva
- Republican Children’s Hospital, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia
| | - Alyona Lavrinenko
- Shared Resource Laboratory, Karaganda Medical University, 100008 Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Roman Kozlov
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Mikhail Edelstein
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, 214019 Smolensk, Russia; (E.S.); (I.A.)
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CRISPR-Cas in Acinetobacter baumannii Contributes to Antibiotic Susceptibility by Targeting Endogenous AbaI. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0082922. [PMID: 35938813 PMCID: PMC9430643 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00829-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known human opportunistic pathogen in nosocomial infections, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has become a complex problem for clinical anti-infective treatments. The ways this organism obtains multidrug resistance phenotype include horizontal gene transfer and other mechanisms, such as altered targets, decreased permeability, increased enzyme production, overexpression of efflux pumps, metabolic changes, and biofilm formation. A CRISPR-Cas system generally consists of a CRISPR array and one or more operons of cas genes, which can restrict horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Nevertheless, it is unclear how CRISPR-Cas systems regulate antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Thus, we sought to assess how CRISPR-Cas affects biofilm formation, membrane permeability, efflux pump, reactive oxygen species, and quorum sensing to clarify further the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas regulation of Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic resistance. In the clinical isolate AB43, which has a complete I-Fb CRISPR-Cas system, we discovered that the Cas3 nuclease of this type I-F CRISPR-Cas system regulates Acinetobacter baumannii quorum sensing and has a unique function in changing drug resistance. As a result of quorum sensing, synthase abaI is reduced, allowing efflux pumps to decrease, biofilm formation to become weaker, reactive oxygen species to generate, and drug resistance to decrease in response to CRISPR-Cas activity. These observations suggest that the CRISPR-Cas system targeting endogenous abaI may boost bacterial antibiotic sensitivity. IMPORTANCE CRISPR-Cas systems are vital for genome editing, bacterial virulence, and antibiotic resistance. How CRISPR-Cas systems regulate antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is almost wholly unknown. In this study, we reveal that the quorum sensing regulator abaI mRNA was a primary target of the I-Fb CRISPR-Cas system and the cleavage activity of Cas3 was the most critical factor in regulating abaI mRNA degradation. These results advance our understanding of how CRISPR-Cas systems inhibit drug resistance. However, the mechanism of endogenous targeting of abaI by CRISPR-Cas needs to be further explored.
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Rau J, Werner D, Beer M, Höper D, Kampen H. The microbial RNA metagenome of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Germany. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2587-2599. [PMID: 35857094 PMCID: PMC9378336 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito species that has become widespread across the globe. In addition, it is an efficient vector of numerous pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Among others, the vector potential of mosquitoes is influenced by their microbiome. However, this influence is very dynamic and can vary between individuals and life stages. To obtain a rough overview on the microbiome of Ae. albopictus populations in Germany, pooled female and pooled male individuals from seven German locations were investigated by total RNA sequencing. The mosquito specimens had been collected as larvae in the field and processed immediately after adult emergence, i.e. without females having fed on blood. RNA fragments with high degrees of identity to a large number of viruses and microorganisms were identified, including, for example, Wolbachia pipientis and Acinetobacter baumannii, with differences between male and female mosquitoes. Knowledge about the natural occurrence of microorganisms in mosquitoes may be translated into new approaches to vector control, for example W. pipientis can be exploited to manipulate mosquito reproduction and vector competence. The study results show how diverse the microbiome of Ae. albopictus can be, and the more so needs to be adequately analysed and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Rau
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
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Catheter-Associated Blood Stream Infection Caused by Acinetobacter oleivorans. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wolf S, Barth-Jakschic E, Birkle K, Bader B, Marschal M, Liese J, Peter S, Oberhettinger P. Acinetobacter geminorum sp. nov., isolated from human throat swabs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34633923 PMCID: PMC8604166 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isolates of a non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacterial strain were cultured from two throat swabs that were taken from a pair of twins during routine microbiological surveillance screening. As these isolates could not be unambiguously identified using routine diagnostic methods, whole genome sequencing was performed followed by phylogenetic analysis based on the rpoB gene sequence and by whole genome datasets. The two strains compose a separate branch within the clade formed by the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii (ACB) complex with Acinetobacter pittii CIP 70.29T as the most closely related species. The average nucleotide identity compared to all other species of the ACB complex was below 94.2% and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were less than 60%. Biochemical characteristics confirm affiliation to the ACB complex with some specific phenotypic differences. As a result of the described data, a new Acinetobacter species is introduced, for which the name Acinetobacter geminorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J00019T with a G+C DNA content of 38.8 mol% and it is deposited in the DSMZ Germany (DSM 111094T) and CCUG Sweden (CCUG 74625T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Wolf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Barth-Jakschic
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karolin Birkle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Baris Bader
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Marschal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Liese
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silke Peter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Oberhettinger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Ma C, McClean S. Mapping Global Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Recent Vaccine Development to Tackle It. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060570. [PMID: 34205838 PMCID: PMC8226933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections that severely threaten public health. The formidable adaptability and resistance of this opportunistic pathogen have hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies which consequently leads to very limited treatment options. We mapped the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is widespread throughout Asia and the Americas. Moreover, when antimicrobial resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. exceed a threshold level, the proportion of A. baumannii isolates from clinical samples surges. Therefore, vaccines represent a realistic alternative strategy to tackle this pathogen. Research into anti-A. baumannii vaccines have enhanced in the past decade and multiple antigens have been investigated preclinically with varying results. This review summarises the current knowledge of virulence factors relating to A. baumannii–host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of A. baumannii vaccine development and the direction of future efforts.
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Isoprene-Degrading Bacteria from Soils Associated with Tropical Economic Crops and Framework Forest Trees. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051024. [PMID: 34068745 PMCID: PMC8150984 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon emitted largely by plants, plays an important role in regulating the climate in diverse ways, such as reacting with free radicals in the atmosphere to produce greenhouse gases and pollutants. Isoprene is both deposited and formed in soil, where it can be consumed by some soil microbes, although much remains to be understood about isoprene consumption in tropical soils. In this study, isoprene-degrading bacteria from soils associated with tropical plants were investigated by cultivation and cultivation-independent approaches. Soil samples were taken from beneath selected framework forest trees and economic crops at different seasons, and isoprene degradation in soil microcosms was measured after 96 h of incubation. Isoprene losses were 4-31% and 15-52% in soils subjected to a lower (7.2 × 105 ppbv) and a higher (7.2 × 106 ppbv) concentration of isoprene, respectively. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that bacterial communities in soil varied significantly across plant categories (framework trees versus economic crops) and the presence of isoprene, but not with isoprene concentration or season. Eight isoprene-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from the soils and, among these, four belong to the genera Ochrobactrum, Friedmanniella, Isoptericola and Cellulosimicrobium, which have not been previously shown to degrade isoprene.
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Diallo MM, Vural C, Şahar U, Ozdemir G. Kurstakin molecules facilitate diesel oil assimilation by Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain 2SA through overexpression of alkane hydroxylase genes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2031-2045. [PMID: 31752596 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1689301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is a cost-effective process commonly used to eliminate many xenobiotic hydrocarbons such as diesel oils. However, their hydrophobic character reduces the biodegradation efficiency. In order to overcome this hurdle, kurstakins isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis strain 7SA were used as emulsifying agents. The influence of kurstakin molecules on diesel oil degradation by Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain 2SA was evaluated in the presence and absence of the aforementioned lipopeptide. The degradation rates and gene expressions of alkane hydroxylases were evaluated at days 4, 10, 14 and 21. Results showed that kurstakin molecules increased the hydrophobicity of 2SA. Moreover, diesel oil degradation activities were higher in the presence of kurstakin with 29%, 35%, 29% and 23% improvement at 4th, 10th, 14th and 21st day respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the difference between the degradation rates in the presence and absence of kurstakin was significant with p = 0.03. The detection of three different hydroxylase genes namely alkB, almA and cyp153 in 2SA genome, might have allowed more efficient degradability of alkanes. According to the real-time PCR results, cyp153 was the most induced gene during diesel oil degradation in the presence and absence of kurstakin. Yet, the three genes demonstrated higher levels of expression in the presence of kurstakin when compared to its absence. This study showed that kurstakins enhance the diesel oil biodegradation rate by increasing the hydrophobicity of 2SA. In addition to their anti-fungal activities, kurstakins can be used as biosurfactant to increase biodegradation of diesel oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Malick Diallo
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Vural
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Umut Şahar
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guven Ozdemir
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Deems A, Du Prey M, Dowd SE, McLaughlin RW. Characterization of the Biodiesel Degrading Acinetobacter oleivorans Strain PT8 Isolated from the Fecal Material of a Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta). Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:522-527. [PMID: 33392672 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter species are gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria with coccobacilli morphology. The bacteria are found ubiquitously and have the ability to occupy niches which include environmental sites, animals, and humans. The original purpose of this study was to determine if painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) living in the wild in Western Wisconsin were colonized with carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Fecal samples from ten turtles were examined for carbapenem-resistant bacteria. None of the isolates were found to be carbapenem resistant by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, all the isolates were resistant to other β-lactams and chloramphenicol classes of antimicrobials. One isolate, Acinetobacter oleivorans strain PT8, was selected for additional characterization, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Strain PT8 is capable of degrading biodiesel, forming biofilms, and has a putative type 6 gene cluster. Finally, the taxonomic position of the available whole-genome sequences of 25 A. oleivorans genomes from purified isolates was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Deems
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, 3520-30th Avenue, Kenosha, WI, 53144, USA
| | - Michael Du Prey
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, 3520-30th Avenue, Kenosha, WI, 53144, USA
| | - Scot E Dowd
- MR DNA (Molecular Research LP), Shallowater, TX, USA
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Protective Role of Bacterial Alkanesulfonate Monooxygenase under Oxidative Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00692-20. [PMID: 32503904 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00692-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial alkane metabolism is associated with a number of cellular stresses, including membrane stress and oxidative stress, and the limited uptake of charged ions such as sulfate. In the present study, the genes ssuD and tauD in Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1 cells, which encode an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase and a taurine dioxygenase, respectively, were found to be responsible for hexadecanesulfonate (C16SO3H) and taurine metabolism, and Cbl was experimentally identified as a potential regulator of ssuD and tauD expression. The expression of ssuD and tauD occurred under sulfate-limited conditions generated during n-hexadecane degradation. Interestingly, expression analysis and knockout experiments suggested that both genes are required to protect cells against oxidative stress, including that generated by n-hexadecane degradation and H2O2 exposure. Measurable levels of intracellular hexadecanesulfonate were also produced during n-hexadecane degradation. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ssuD and tauD are mainly present in soil-dwelling aerobes within the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes, which suggests that they function as controllers of the sulfur cycle and play a protective role against oxidative stress in sulfur-limited conditions.IMPORTANCE ssuD and tauD, which play a role in the degradation of organosulfonate, were expressed during n-hexadecane metabolism and oxidative stress conditions in A. oleivorans DR1. Our study confirmed that hexadecanesulfonate was accidentally generated during bacterial n-hexadecane degradation in sulfate-limited conditions. Removal of this by-product by SsuD and TauD must be necessary for bacterial survival under oxidative stress generated during n-hexadecane degradation.
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14
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Studying Hydraulic Interconnections in Low-Permeability Media by Using Bacterial Communities as Natural Tracers. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the processes governing subsurface microbial dynamics in and to groundwater represents an important tool for the development of robust, evidence-based policies and strategies to assess the potential impact of contamination sources and for the implementation of appropriate land use and management practices. In this research, we assessed the effectiveness of using microorganisms as natural tracers to analyze subsurface dynamics in a low-permeability system of northern Italy. Microbial communities were investigated through next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene both to study hydraulic interconnections in clayey media and to verify the efficacy of outcropping clayey horizons in protecting groundwater against contamination. During the observation period, a rapid water percolation from the ground surface to the saturated medium was observed, and the mixing between lower-salinity fresh-infiltration waters and higher-salinity groundwater determined the formation of a halocline. This rapid percolation was a driver for the transport of microorganisms from the topsoil to the subsurface, as demonstrated by the presence of soil and rhizosphere bacteria in groundwater. Some of the species detected can carry out important processes such as denitrification or nitrate-reduction, whereas some others are known human pathogens (Legionella pneumophila and Legionella feeleii). These findings could be of utmost importance when studying the evolution of nitrate contamination over space and time in those areas where agricultural, industrial, and civil activities have significantly increased the levels of reactive nitrogen (N) in water bodies but, at the same time, could highlight that groundwater vulnerability of confined or semi-confined aquifers against contamination (both chemical and microbiological) could be higher than expected.
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Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is nowadays a relevant nosocomial pathogen characterized by multidrug resistance (MDR) and concomitant difficulties to treat infections. OmpA is the most abundant A. baumannii outer membrane (OM) protein, and is involved in virulence, host-cell recognition, biofilm formation, regulation of OM stability, permeability and antibiotic resistance. OmpA members are two-domain proteins with an N-terminal eight-stranded β-barrel domain with four external loops (ELs) interacting with the environment, and a C-terminal periplasmic domain binding non-covalently to the peptidoglycan. Here, we combined data from genome sequencing, phylogenetic and multilocus sequence analyses from 975 strains/isolates of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ACB), 946 from A. baumannii, to explore ompA microevolutionary divergence. Five major ompA variant groups were identified (V1 to V5) in A. baumannii, encompassing 52 different alleles coding for 23 different proteins. Polymorphisms were concentrated in five regions corresponding to the four ELs and the C-terminal end, and provided evidence for intra-genic recombination. ompA variants were not randomly distributed across the A. baumannii phylogeny, with the most frequent V1(lct)a1 allele found in most clonal complex 2 (CC2) strains and the second most frequent V2(lct)a1 allele in the majority of CC1 strains. Evidence was found for assortative exchanges of ompA alleles not only between separate A. baumannii lineages, but also different ACB species. The overall results have implications for A. baumannii evolution, epidemiology, virulence and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Viale
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) and Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Mateo-Estrada V, Graña-Miraglia L, López-Leal G, Castillo-Ramírez S. Phylogenomics Reveals Clear Cases of Misclassification and Genus-Wide Phylogenetic Markers for Acinetobacter. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2531-2541. [PMID: 31406982 PMCID: PMC6740150 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative Acinetobacter genus has several species of clear medical relevance. Many fully sequenced genomes belonging to the genus have been published in recent years; however, there has not been a recent attempt to infer the evolutionary history of Acinetobacter with that vast amount of information. Here, through a phylogenomic approach, we established the most up-to-date view of the evolutionary relationships within this genus and highlighted several cases of poor classification, especially for the very closely related species within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex (Acb complex). Furthermore, we determined appropriate phylogenetic markers for this genus and showed that concatenation of the top 13 gives a very decent reflection of the evolutionary relationships for the genus Acinetobacter. The intersection between our top markers and previously defined universal markers is very small. In general, our study shows that, although there seems to be hardly any universal markers, bespoke phylogenomic approaches can be used to infer the phylogeny of different bacterial genera. We expect that ad hoc phylogenomic approaches will be the standard in the years to come and will provide enough information to resolve intricate evolutionary relationships like those observed in the Acb complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mateo-Estrada
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Lucía Graña-Miraglia
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Gamaliel López-Leal
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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Bunnoy A, Na-Nakorn U, Kayansamruaj P, Srisapoome P. Acinetobacter Strain KUO11TH, a Unique Organism Related to Acinetobacter pittii and Isolated from the Skin Mucus of Healthy Bighead Catfish and Its Efficacy Against Several Fish Pathogens. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110549. [PMID: 31717696 PMCID: PMC6920915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial strain KU011TH was isolated from the skin mucus of healthy bighead catfish. The strain is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is nonmotile, aerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and nonhemolytic. Sequence analyses of the housekeeping genes 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoB indicate that this strain is a new member of the Acb complex of the genus Acinetobacter and is closely related to Acinetobacter pittii and Acinetobacter lactucae. In addition, the genome relatedness-associated ANIb (<95–96%) and in silico DDH (<70%) values clearly supported the new member of the genus Acinetobacter and the Acb complex. The genome of the strain KU011TH was approximately 3.79 Mbp in size, comprising 3619 predicted genes, and the DNA G+C content was 38.56 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C16:0, C16:1, C20:2, C18:2ω6c and C18:1ω9t. The whole-genome sequences and phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data clearly support the classification of the strain KU011TH as a new member in the genus Acinetobacter which is closest to A. pittii. Additionally, the new bacterial strain exhibited strong activity against a broad range of freshwater fish pathogens in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurak Bunnoy
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Uthairat Na-Nakorn
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetics, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.B.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Godan TK, Rajesh RO, Loreni PC, Kumar Rai A, Sahoo D, Pandey A, Binod P. Biotransformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by Acinetobacter oleivorans S27 for the synthesis of furan derivatives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:88-93. [PMID: 30852336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an industrially important chemical which is a starting material in the production of plenty of platform chemicals. In this study, a complete biotransformation of HMF was achieved using a novel isolate, Acinetobacter oleivorans S27. This strain could tolerate up to 3000 mg/L of HMF concentration and convert to other furan derivatives. The conversion products includes high-value chemicals like 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), a known interleukin inhibitor and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an alternate of terephthalic acid in polyester industries. The biotransformation efficiency was found to be 100%, as there is complete conversion of HMF to other chemicals. Most importantly, it is an environmental friendly process for the production of furan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharangattumana Krishnan Godan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - R O Rajesh
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Phukon C Loreni
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre, Tadong - 737102, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre, Tadong - 737102, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre, Tadong - 737102, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India.
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Hassan IA, Mohamedelhassan EE, Yanful EK, Yuan ZC. Mitigation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel using bioelectrokinetics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:416-426. [PMID: 30676255 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1558903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of bioelectrokinetics in rehabilitating a silty clayey sand contaminated with diesel fuel using three novel bacterial strains; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Sphingobacterium multivorum, and Sinorhizobium, isolated form agriculture land. Three electrokinetic bioremediation cells were used to conduct the tests and a novel electrode configuration technique was used to stabilize pH and water content in the soil specimen. Solar photovoltaic panels were used to generate sustainable energy for the process. The tests were carried out in outdoors for 55 days. Applied voltage, current passing through the electrokinetic cell, and the temperature of the soil specimen were recorded periodically during the test. The pH, water content, and diesel concentration were determined at the end of the tests. Over the test period, the voltage typically increased from zero before sunrise, remained relatively stabilized for about 4 h, and then started to decrease and dropped to zero by sunset. The temperatures in the cells were found to be 5-7 °C higher than the ambient temperature. The innovative electrode configuration succeeded in keeping the pH of soil to remain the same and thereby prevented the development of a pH gradient in the soil, an important development for survival of the bacteria. The diesel degradation in the soil after bioelectrokinetics were 20-30%, compared to 10-12% in the control test. The study was successful in developing environmentally friendly technology employing novel bacterial strains to degrade diesel fuel and utilizing solar panel to produce renewable energy for bioelectrokinetic during the winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrema A Hassan
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Western University , London , Ontario, Canada
- b London Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , London , Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ernest K Yanful
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario, Canada
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- d Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Western University , London , Ontario, Canada
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20
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Lee Y, Jeong SE, Hur M, Ko S, Jeon CO. Construction and Evaluation of a Korean Native Microbial Consortium for the Bioremediation of Diesel Fuel-Contaminated Soil in Korea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2594. [PMID: 30425703 PMCID: PMC6218622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A native microbial consortium for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel in Korea was constructed and its biodegradation ability was assessed. Microbial strains isolated from Korean terrestrial environments, with the potential to biodegrade aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, and resins, were investigated and among them, eventually seven microbial strains, Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1, Corynebacterium sp. KSS-2, Pseudomonas sp. AS1, Pseudomonas sp. Neph5, Rhodococcus sp. KOS-1, Micrococcus sp. KSS-8, and Yarrowia sp. KSS-1 were selected for the construction of a microbial consortium based on their biodegradation ability, hydrophobicity, and emulsifying activity. Laboratory- and bulk-scale biodegradation tests showed that in diesel fuel-contaminated soil supplemented with nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), the microbial consortium clearly improved the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons, and all microbial strains constituting the microbial consortium, except for Yarrowia survived and grew well, which suggests that the microbial consortium can be used for the bioremediation of diesel fuel-contaminated soil in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moonsuk Hur
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Adewoyin MA, Okoh AI. The natural environment as a reservoir of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:265-272. [PMID: 29982240 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, which are oxidase-negative, exhibiting a twitching motility under a magnifying lens. Besides being important soil microorganisms, due to their contribution to the soil fertility, Acinetobacter species, particularly A. baumannii, hold a prominent place within the genus because, it is the most virulent among the other species, causing varying degrees of human infections in clinical environments. However, results of different research have shown that Acinetobacter species can be isolated from such natural environments as surface water, wastewater and sewage, healthy human skin, plant, animal and food material as well as domestic appliances. The presence of some other Acinetobacter species in the natural environment has been associated with beneficial roles including soil improvement, detoxification of oil spillages and as microflora in human and plant bodies. In this paper, we carried out an overview of various natural ecological niches as reservoirs of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Adewoyin
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Mechanisms of Bacterial Tolerance and Persistence in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Environments. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/4/e00023-18. [PMID: 30068737 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00023-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are subjected to intense pressure due to the environmental conditions of the surroundings. This pressure has led to the development of mechanisms of bacterial tolerance or persistence which enable microorganisms to survive in these locations. In this review, we analyze the general stress response (RpoS mediated), reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance, energy metabolism, drug efflux pumps, SOS response, quorum sensing (QS) bacterial communication, (p)ppGpp signaling, and toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Helicobacter spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., and Clostridium difficile, all of which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. The following respiratory tract pathogens are also considered: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating the bacterial tolerance and persistence phenotypes is essential in the fight against multiresistant pathogens, as it will enable the identification of new targets for developing innovative anti-infective treatments.
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23
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An Increase of Abundance and Transcriptional Activity for Acinetobacter junii Post Wastewater Treatment. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Park C, Shin B, Jung J, Lee Y, Park W. Metabolic and stress responses of Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1 during long-chain alkane degradation. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1809-1823. [PMID: 28857443 PMCID: PMC5658608 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1 can utilize C12–C30 alkanes as a sole carbon source but not short‐chain alkanes (C6, C10). Two copies of each alkB‐, almA‐ and ladA‐type alkane hydroxylase (AH) are present in the genome of DR1 cells. Expression and mutational analyses of AHs showed that alkB1 and alkB2 are the major AH‐encoding genes under C12–C30, and the roles of other almA‐ and ladA genes are negligible. Our data suggested that AlkB1 is responsible for long‐chain alkane utilization (C24–C26), and AlkB2 is important for medium‐chain alkane (C12–C16) metabolism. Phylogenetic analyses revealed large incongruities between phylogenies of 16S rRNA and each AH gene, which implies that A. oleivorans DR1 has acquired multiple alkane hydroxylases through horizontal gene transfer. Transcriptomic and qRT‐PCR analyses suggested that genes participating in the synthesis of siderophore, trehalose and poly 3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were expressed at much higher levels when cells used C30 than when used succinate as a carbon source. The following biochemical assays supported our gene expression analyses: (i) quantification of siderophore, (ii) measurement of trehalose and (iii) observation of PHB storage. Interestingly, highly induced both ackA gene encoding an acetate kinase A and pta gene encoding a phosphotransacetylase suggested unusual ATP synthesis during C30 alkane degradation, which was demonstrated by ATP measurement using the ΔackA mutant. Impaired growth of the ΔaceA mutant indicated that the glyoxylate shunt pathway is important when C30 alkane is utilized. Our data provide insight into long‐chain alkane degradation in soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Bora Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jaejoon Jung
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Chungcheongnam-Do, 33662, Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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Romero JL, Grande Burgos MJ, Pérez-Pulido R, Gálvez A, Lucas R. Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides, Preservatives and Metals in Bacteria Isolated from Seafoods: Co-Selection of Strains Resistant or Tolerant to Different Classes of Compounds. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1650. [PMID: 28912764 PMCID: PMC5583239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant bacteria (particularly those producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases) have become a major health concern. The continued exposure to antibiotics, biocides, chemical preservatives, and metals in different settings such as the food chain or in the environment may result in development of multiple resistance or co-resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine multiple resistances (biocides, antibiotics, chemical preservatives, phenolic compounds, and metals) in bacterial isolates from seafoods. A 75.86% of the 87 isolates studied were resistant to at least one antibiotic or one biocide, and 6.90% were multiply resistant to at least three biocides and at least three antibiotics. Significant (P < 0.05) moderate or strong positive correlations were detected between tolerances to biocides, between antibiotics, and between antibiotics with biocides and other antimicrobials. A sub-set of 30 isolates selected according to antimicrobial resistance profile and food type were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and tested for copper and zinc tolerance. Then, the genetic determinants for biocide and metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance were investigated. The selected isolates were identified as Pseudomonas (63.33%), Acinetobacter (13.33%), Aeromonas (13.33%), Shewanella, Proteus and Listeria (one isolate each). Antibiotic resistance determinants detected included sul1 (43.33% of tested isolates), sul2 (6.66%), blaTEM (16.66%), blaCTX-M (16.66%), blaPSE (10.00%), blaIMP (3.33%), blaNDM-1 (3.33%), floR (16.66%), aadA1 (20.0%), and aac(6')-Ib (16.66%). The only biocide resistance determinant detected among the selected isolates was qacEΔ1 (10.00%). A 23.30 of the selected isolates were able to grow on media containing 32 mM copper sulfate, and 46.60% on 8 mM zinc chloride. The metal resistance genes pcoA/copA, pcoR, and chrB were detected in 36.66, 6.66, and 13.33% of selected isolates, respectively. Twelve isolates tested positive for both metal and antibiotic resistance genes, including one isolate positive for the carbapenemase gene blaNDM-1 and for pcoA/copA. These results suggest that exposure to metals could co-select for antibiotic resistance and also highlight the potential of bacteria on seafoods to be involved in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Gálvez
- Microbiology Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of JaenJaen, Spain
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López M, Mayer C, Fernández-García L, Blasco L, Muras A, Ruiz FM, Bou G, Otero A, Tomás M. Quorum sensing network in clinical strains of A. baumannii: AidA is a new quorum quenching enzyme. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174454. [PMID: 28328989 PMCID: PMC5362224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial infections generally associated with high mortality and morbidity in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Currently, little is known about the Quorum Sensing (QS)/Quorum Quenching (QQ) systems of this pathogen. We analyzed these mechanisms in seven clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Microarray analysis of one of these clinical isolates, Ab1 (A. baumannii ST-2_clon_2010), previously cultured in the presence of 3-oxo-C12-HSL (a QS signalling molecule) revealed a putative QQ enzyme (α/ß hydrolase gene, AidA). This QQ enzyme was present in all non-motile clinical isolates (67% of which were isolated from the respiratory tract) cultured in nutrient depleted LB medium. Interestingly, this gene was not located in the genome of the only motile clinical strain growing in this medium (A. baumannii strain Ab421_GEIH-2010 [Ab7], isolated from a blood sample). The AidA protein expressed in E. coli showed QQ activity. Finally, we observed downregulation of the AidA protein (QQ system attenuation) in the presence of H2O2 (ROS stress). In conclusion, most of the A. baumannii clinical strains were not surface motile (84%) and were of respiratory origin (67%). Only the pilT gene was involved in surface motility and related to the QS system. Finally, a new QQ enzyme (α/ß hydrolase gene, AidA protein) was detected in these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC)-INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Celia Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-García
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC)-INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Blasco
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC)-INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrea Muras
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - German Bou
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC)-INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Tomás
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC)-INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Acinetobacter halotolerans sp. nov., a novel halotolerant, alkalitolerant, and hydrocarbon degrading bacterium, isolated from soil. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:701-710. [PMID: 28220203 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel aerobic, non-motile, halotolerant, alkalitolerant, hydrocarbon degrading, and rod shaped bacterium, designated strain R160T, was isolated from soil in South Korea. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative. This strain grew up to 7% of NaCl and in the pH range of 6-11 (optimum 7.0-10.0). The isolate degraded 51.7 ± 1.3% of hydrocarbon components (C-18, C-20, and C-22) and 45.8 ± 1.4% oil components (kerosene, diesel, and gasoline). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain R160T formed a lineage within the genus Acinetobacter, and was closely related to 'Acinetobacter oleivorans' DR1T (97.47%, sequence similarity). Other closely related members have sequence similarity between 97.47 to 96.52%. The predominant respiratory lipoquinones of strain R160T were ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The major cellular fatty acids were 9-octadecenoic acid (C18:1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), and summed feature (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The DNA G + C content of strain R160T was 44.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain R160T represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R160T (= KEMB 9005-333T = KACC 18453T = JCM 31009T).
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Phylogenetic signal in phenotypic traits related to carbon source assimilation and chemical sensitivity in Acinetobacter species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:367-379. [PMID: 27734121 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A common belief is that the phylogeny of bacteria may reflect molecular functions and phenotypic characteristics, pointing towards phylogenetic conservatism of traits. Here, we tested this hypothesis for a large set of Acinetobacter strains. Members of the genus Acinetobacter are widespread in nature, demonstrate a high metabolic diversity and are resistant to several environmental stressors. Notably, some species are known to cause opportunistic human infections. A total of 133 strains belonging to 33 species with validly published names, two genomic species and species of an as-yet unknown taxonomic status were analyzed using the GENIII technology of Biolog, which allows high-throughput phenotyping. We estimated the strength and significance of the phylogenetic signal of each trait across phylogenetic reconstructions based on partial RNA polymerase subunit B (rpoB) and core genome sequences. Secondly, we tested whether phylogenetic distance was a good predictor of trait differentiation by Mantel test analysis. And finally, evolutionary model fitting was used to determine if the data for each phenotypic character was consistent with a phylogenetic or an essentially random model of trait distribution. Our data revealed that some key phenotypic traits related to substrate assimilation and chemical sensitivity are linked to the phylogenetic placement of Acinetobacter species. The strongest phylogenetic signals found were for utilization of different carbon sources such as some organic acids, amino acids and sugars, thus suggesting that in the diversification of Acinetobacter carbon source assimilation has had a relevant role. Future work should be aimed to clarify how such traits have shaped the remarkable ability of this bacterial group to dominate in a wide variety of habitats.
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Rooney AP, Dunlap CA, Flor-Weiler LB. Acinetobacter lactucae sp. nov., isolated from iceberg lettuce (Asteraceae: Lactuca sativa). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:3566-3572. [PMID: 27339105 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain NRRL B-41902T and three closely related strains were isolated from iceberg lettuce. The strain was found to consist of strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods that formed cocci in late stationary phase. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NRRL B-41902T was most closely related to species within the genera Acinetobacter, and that a grouping of it and the three other closely related strains was most closely related to the type strain of Acinetobacter pittii, which was also confirmed through a phylogenomic analysis. Moreover, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed a substantial amount of genomic divergence (39.1 %) between strain NRRL B-41902T and the type strain of A. pittii, which is expected if the strains represent distinct species. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that strain NRRL B-41902T was able to utilize a combination of l-serine, citraconic acid and citramalic acid, which differentiated it from other, closely related Acinetobacter species. Therefore, strain NRRL B-41902T (=CCUG 68785T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Acinetobacter lactucae sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro P Rooney
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Lina B Flor-Weiler
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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Gu Q, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Wu H, Sun M. Community Analysis and Recovery of Phenol-degrading Bacteria from Drinking Water Biofilters. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:495. [PMID: 27148185 PMCID: PMC4828441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol is a ubiquitous organic contaminant in drinking water. Biodegradation plays an important role in the elimination of phenol pollution in the environment, but the information about phenol removal by drinking water biofilters is still lacking. Herein, we study an acclimated bacterial community that can degrade over 80% of 300 mg/L phenol within 3 days. PCR detection of genotypes involved in bacterial phenol degradation revealed that the degradation pathways contained the initial oxidative attack by phenol hydroxylase, and subsequent ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Based on the PCR denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles of bacteria from biological activated carbon (BAC), the predominant bacteria in drinking water biofilters including Delftia sp., Achromobacter sp., and Agrobacterium sp., which together comprised up to 50% of the total microorganisms. In addition, a shift in bacterial community structure was observed during phenol biodegradation. Furthermore, the most effective phenol-degrading strain DW-1 that correspond to the main band in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile was isolated and identified as Acinetobacter sp., according to phylogenetic analyses of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. The strain DW-1 also produced the most important enzyme, phenol hydroxylase, and it also exhibited a good ability to degrade phenol when immobilized on granular active carbon (GAC). This study indicates that the enrichment culture has great potential application for treatment of phenol-polluted drinking water sources, and the indigenous phenol-degrading microorganism could recover from drinking water biofilters as an efficient resource for phenol removal. Therefore, the aim of this study is to draw attention to recover native phenol-degrading bacteria from drinking water biofilters, and use these native microorganisms as phenolic water remediation in drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Gu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Guangzhou, China
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Al Atrouni A, Joly-Guillou ML, Hamze M, Kempf M. Reservoirs of Non-baumannii Acinetobacter Species. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:49. [PMID: 26870013 PMCID: PMC4740782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. are ubiquitous gram negative and non-fermenting coccobacilli that have the ability to occupy several ecological niches including environment, animals and human. Among the different species, Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved as global pathogen causing wide range of infection. Since the implementation of molecular techniques, the habitat and the role of non-baumannii Acinetobacter in human infection have been elucidated. In addition, several new species have been described. In the present review, we summarize the recent data about the natural reservoir of non-baumannii Acinetobacter including the novel species that have been described for the first time from environmental sources and reported during the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Atrouni
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et ses Applications, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université LibanaiseTripoli, Liban
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of AngersAngers, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of AngersAngers, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireAngers, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et ses Applications, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université LibanaiseTripoli, Liban
- Faculté de Santé Publique, Université LibanaiseTripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marie Kempf
- ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of AngersAngers, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé – Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireAngers, France
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Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria Exhibit a Species-Specific Response to Dispersed Oil while Moderating Ecotoxicity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:518-27. [PMID: 26546426 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02379-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon blowout in April 2010 represented the largest accidental marine oil spill and the largest release of chemical dispersants into the environment to date. While dispersant application may provide numerous benefits to oil spill response efforts, the impacts of dispersants and potential synergistic effects with crude oil on individual hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are poorly understood. In this study, two environmentally relevant species of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were utilized to quantify the response to Macondo crude oil and Corexit 9500A-dispersed oil in terms of bacterial growth and oil degradation potential. In addition, specific hydrocarbon compounds were quantified in the dissolved phase of the medium and linked to ecotoxicity using a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-approved rotifer assay. Bacterial treatment significantly and drastically reduced the toxicity associated with dispersed oil (increasing the 50% lethal concentration [LC50] by 215%). The growth and crude oil degradation potential of Acinetobacter were inhibited by Corexit by 34% and 40%, respectively; conversely, Corexit significantly enhanced the growth of Alcanivorax by 10% relative to that in undispersed oil. Furthermore, both bacterial strains were shown to grow with Corexit as the sole carbon and energy source. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial species demonstrate a unique response to dispersed oil compared to their response to crude oil, with potentially opposing effects on toxicity. While some species have the potential to enhance the toxicity of crude oil by producing biosurfactants, the same bacteria may reduce the toxicity associated with dispersed oil through degradation or sequestration.
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Jung J, Jang IA, Ahn S, Shin B, Kim J, Park C, Jee SC, Sung JS, Park W. Molecular Mechanisms of Enhanced Bacterial Growth on Hexadecane with Red Clay. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:912-921. [PMID: 25956940 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Red clay was previously used to enhance bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. It was speculated that the enhanced degradation of diesel was due to increased bacterial growth. In this study, we selected Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1, a soil-borne degrader of diesel and alkanes, as a model bacterium and performed transcriptional analysis using RNA sequencing to investigate the cellular response during hexadecane utilization and the mechanism by which red clay promotes hexadecane degradation. We confirmed that red clay promotes the growth of A. oleivorans DR1 on hexadecane, a major component of diesel, as a sole carbon source. Addition of red clay to hexadecane-utilizing DR1 cells highly upregulated β-oxidation, while genes related to alkane oxidation were highly expressed with and without red clay. Red clay also upregulated genes related to oxidative stress defense, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutaredoxin genes, suggesting that red clay supports the response of DR1 cells to oxidative stress generated during hexadecane utilization. Increased membrane fluidity in the presence of red clay was confirmed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis at different growth phases, suggesting that enhanced growth on hexadecane could be due to increased uptake of hexadecane coupled with upregulation of downstream metabolism and oxidative stress defense. The monitoring of the bacterial community in soil with red clay for a year revealed that red clay stabilized the community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejoon Jung
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ae Jang
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Shin
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Jee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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Castillo-Juárez I, Maeda T, Mandujano-Tinoco EA, Tomás M, Pérez-Eretza B, García-Contreras SJ, Wood TK, García-Contreras R. Role of quorum sensing in bacterial infections. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:575-598. [PMID: 26244150 PMCID: PMC4517333 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i7.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is cell communication that is widely used by bacterial pathogens to coordinate the expression of several collective traits, including the production of multiple virulence factors, biofilm formation, and swarming motility once a population threshold is reached. Several lines of evidence indicate that QS enhances virulence of bacterial pathogens in animal models as well as in human infections; however, its relative importance for bacterial pathogenesis is still incomplete. In this review, we discuss the present evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments in animal models, as well as from clinical studies, that link QS systems with human infections. We focus on two major QS bacterial models, the opportunistic Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, which are also two of the main agents responsible of nosocomial and wound infections. In addition, QS communication systems in other bacterial, eukaryotic pathogens, and even immune and cancer cells are also reviewed, and finally, the new approaches proposed to combat bacterial infections by the attenuation of their QS communication systems and virulence are also discussed.
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Onur G, Yilmaz F, Icgen B. Diesel Oil Degradation Potential of a Bacterium Inhabiting Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Surface Waters and Characterization of Its Emulsification Ability. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jung J, Park W. Acinetobacter species as model microorganisms in environmental microbiology: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2533-48. [PMID: 25693672 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter occupies an important position in nature because of its ubiquitous presence in diverse environments such as soils, fresh water, oceans, sediments, and contaminated sites. Versatile metabolic characteristics allow species of this genus to catabolize a wide range of natural compounds, implying active participation in the nutrient cycle in the ecosystem. On the other hand, multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections with high mortality has been raising serious concerns in medicine. Due to the ecological and clinical importance of the genus, Acinetobacter was proposed as a model microorganism for environmental microbiological studies, pathogenicity tests, and industrial production of chemicals. For these reasons, Acinetobacter has attracted significant attention in scientific and biotechnological fields, but only limited research areas such as natural transformation and aromatic compound degradation have been intensively investigated, while important physiological characteristics including quorum sensing, motility, and stress response have been neglected. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent achievements in Acinetobacter research with a special focus on strain DR1 and to compare the similarities and differences between species or other genera. Research areas that require more attention in future research are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejoon Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Plasmid-encoded tetracycline efflux pump protein alters bacterial stress responses and ecological fitness of Acinetobacter oleivorans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107716. [PMID: 25229538 PMCID: PMC4167995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of the extracellular tetracycline (TC) resistance plasmid pAST2 affected host gene expression and phenotype in the oil-degrading soil bacterium, Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1. Whole-transcriptome profiling of DR1 cells harboring pAST2 revealed that all the plasmid genes were highly expressed under TC conditions, and the expression levels of many host chromosomal genes were modulated by the presence of pAST2. The host energy burden imposed by replication of pAST2 led to (i) lowered ATP concentrations, (ii) downregulated expression of many genes involved in cellular growth, and (iii) reduced growth rate. Interestingly, some phenotypes were restored by deleting the plasmid-encoded efflux pump gene tetH, suggesting that the membrane integrity changes resulting from the incorporation of efflux pump proteins also resulted in altered host response under the tested conditions. Alteration of membrane integrity by tetH deletion was shown by measuring permeability of fluorescent probe and membrane hydrophobicity. The presence of the plasmid conferred peroxide and superoxide resistance to cells, but only peroxide resistance was diminished by tetH gene deletion, suggesting that the plasmid-encoded membrane-bound efflux pump protein provided peroxide resistance. The downregulation of fimbriae-related genes presumably led to reduced swimming motility, but this phenotype was recovered by tetH gene deletion. Our data suggest that not only the plasmid replication burden, but also its encoded efflux pump protein altered host chromosomal gene expression and phenotype, which also alters the ecological fitness of the host in the environment.
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TetR repressor-based bioreporters for the detection of doxycycline using Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter oleivorans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5039-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fondi M, Rizzi E, Emiliani G, Orlandini V, Berna L, Papaleo MC, Perrin E, Maida I, Corti G, De Bellis G, Baldi F, Dijkshoorn L, Vaneechoutte M, Fani R. The genome sequence of the hydrocarbon-degrading Acinetobacter venetianus VE-C3. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:439-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Lievens B, Jacquemyn H, Herrera CM. Acinetobacter nectaris sp. nov. and Acinetobacter boissieri sp. nov., isolated from floral nectar of wild Mediterranean insect-pollinated plants. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1532-1539. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.043489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic status of 14 strains of members of the genus
Acinetobacter
isolated from floral nectar of wild Mediterranean insect-pollinated plants, which did not belong to any previously described species within this genus, was investigated following a polyphasic approach. Confirmation that these strains formed two separate lineages within the genus
Acinetobacter
was obtained from comparative analysis of the partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the gene encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB), DNA–DNA reassociation data, determination of the DNA G+C content and physiological tests. The names Acinetobacter nectaris sp. nov. and Acinetobacter boissieri sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of A. nectaris sp. nov. is SAP 763.2T ( = LMG 26958T = CECT 8127T) and that of A. boissieri sp. nov. is SAP 284.1T ( = LMG 26959T = CECT 8128T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bart Lievens
- Scientia Terrae Research Institute, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Lessius University College, De Nayer Campus, Consortium for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (CIMB), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven Association, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Department, KU Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Carlos M. Herrera
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Sahl JW, Gillece JD, Schupp JM, Waddell VG, Driebe EM, Engelthaler DM, Keim P. Evolution of a pathogen: a comparative genomics analysis identifies a genetic pathway to pathogenesis in Acinetobacter. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54287. [PMID: 23365658 PMCID: PMC3554770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emergent and global nosocomial pathogen. In addition to A. baumannii, other Acinetobacter species, especially those in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (Acb) complex, have also been associated with serious human infection. Although mechanisms of attachment, persistence on abiotic surfaces, and pathogenesis in A. baumannii have been identified, the genetic mechanisms that explain the emergence of A. baumannii as the most widespread and virulent Acinetobacter species are not fully understood. Recent whole genome sequencing has provided insight into the phylogenetic structure of the genus Acinetobacter. However, a global comparison of genomic features between Acinetobacter spp. has not been described in the literature. In this study, 136 Acinetobacter genomes, including 67 sequenced in this study, were compared to identify the acquisition and loss of genes in the expansion of the Acinetobacter genus. A whole genome phylogeny confirmed that A. baumannii is a monophyletic clade and that the larger Acb complex is also a well-supported monophyletic group. The whole genome phylogeny provided the framework for a global genomic comparison based on a blast score ratio (BSR) analysis. The BSR analysis demonstrated that specific genes have been both lost and acquired in the evolution of A. baumannii. In addition, several genes associated with A. baumannii pathogenesis were found to be more conserved in the Acb complex, and especially in A. baumannii, than in other Acinetobacter genomes; until recently, a global analysis of the distribution and conservation of virulence factors across the genus was not possible. The results demonstrate that the acquisition of specific virulence factors has likely contributed to the widespread persistence and virulence of A. baumannii. The identification of novel features associated with transcriptional regulation and acquired by clades in the Acb complex presents targets for better understanding the evolution of pathogenesis and virulence in the expansion of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Sahl
- Department of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
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Complexity of cell–cell interactions between Pseudomonas sp. AS1 and Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1: metabolic commensalism, biofilm formation and quorum quenching. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:173-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Characterization of novel diesel-degrading strains Acinetobacter haemolyticus MJ01 and Acinetobacter johnsonii MJ4 isolated from oil-contaminated soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2057-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hare JM, Bradley JA, Lin CL, Elam TJ. Diverse responses to UV light exposure in Acinetobacter include the capacity for DNA damage-induced mutagenesis in the opportunistic pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter ursingii. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 158:601-611. [PMID: 22117008 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.054668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Error-prone and error-free DNA damage repair responses that are induced in most bacteria after exposure to various chemicals, antibiotics or radiation sources were surveyed across the genus Acinetobacter. The error-prone SOS mutagenesis response occurs when DNA damage induces a cell's umuDC- or dinP-encoded error-prone polymerases. The model strain Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 possesses an unusual, regulatory umuD allele (umuDAb) with an extended 5' region and only incomplete fragments of umuC. Diverse Acinetobacter species were investigated for the presence of umuDC and their ability to conduct UV-induced mutagenesis. Unlike ADP1, most Acinetobacter strains possessed multiple umuDC loci containing either umuDAb or a umuD allele resembling that of Escherichia coli. The nearly omnipresent umuDAb allele was the ancestral umuD in Acinetobacter, with horizontal gene transfer accounting for over half of the umuDC operons. Despite multiple umuD(Ab)C operons in many strains, only three species conducted UV-induced mutagenesis: Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter ursingii and Acinetobacter beijerinckii. The type of umuDC locus or mutagenesis phenotype a strain possessed was not correlated with its error-free response of survival after UV exposure, but similar diversity was apparent. The survival of 30 Acinetobacter strains after UV treatment ranged over five orders of magnitude, with the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex and haemolytic strains having lower survival than non-Acb or non-haemolytic strains. These observations demonstrate that a genus can possess a range of DNA damage response mechanisms, and suggest that DNA damage-induced mutation could be an important part of the evolution of the emerging pathogens A. baumannii and A. ursingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Hare
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA
| | - James A Bradley
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA
| | - Ching-Li Lin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA
| | - Tyler J Elam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA
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Abstract
Innate resistance and remarkable ability to acquire additional resistance determinants underline the clinical importance of Acinetobacter. Over 210 β-lactamases belonging to 16 families have been identified in the genus, mostly in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. In this review, we update the current taxonomy of the genus Acinetobacter and summarize the β-lactamases detected in Acinetobacter spp. with an emphasis on Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases (ADCs) and carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs). We also discuss the roles of integrons and insertion sequence (IS) elements in the expression and dissemination of such resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Comparative genomic analysis of Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1 to determine strain-specific genomic regions and gentisate biodegradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7418-24. [PMID: 21856821 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05231-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The comparative genomics of Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1 assayed with A. baylyi ADP1, A. calcoaceticus PHEA-2, and A. baumannii ATCC 17978 revealed that the incorporation of phage-related genomic regions and the absence of transposable elements have contributed to the large size (4.15 Mb) of the DR1 genome. A horizontally transferred genomic region and a higher proportion of transcriptional regulator- and signal peptide-coding genes were identified as characteristics of the DR1 genome. Incomplete glucose metabolism, metabolic pathways of aromatic compounds, biofilm formation, antibiotics and metal resistance, and natural competence genes were conserved in four compared genomes. Interestingly, only strain DR1 possesses gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (nagI) and grows on gentisate, whereas other species cannot. Expression of the nagI gene was upregulated during gentisate utilization, and four downstream open reading frames (ORFs) were cotranscribed, supporting the notion that gentisate metabolism is a unique characteristic of strain DR1. The genomic analysis of strain DR1 provides additional insights into the function, ecology, and evolution of Acinetobacter species.
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Jung J, Noh J, Park W. Physiological and metabolic responses for hexadecane degradation in Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1. J Microbiol 2011; 49:208-15. [PMID: 21538240 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-0395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hexadecane degradation of Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1 was evaluated with changes in temperature and ionic salt contents. Hexadecane degradation of strain DR1 was reduced markedly by the presence of sodium chloride (but not potassium chloride). High temperature (37°C) was also shown to inhibit the motility, biofilm formation, and hexadecane biodegradation. The biofilm formation of strain DR1 on the oil-water interface might prove to be a critical physiological feature for the degradation of hexadecane. The positive relationship between biofilm formation and hexadecane degradation could be observed at 30° C, but not at low temperatures (25°C). Alterations in cell hydrophobicity and EPS production by temperature and salts were not correlated with biofilm formation and hexadecane degradation. Our proteomic analyses have demonstrated that metabolic changes through the glyoxylate pathway are important for efficient degradation of hexadecane. Proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and oxidative stress defense proteins appear to be highly expressed during biodegradation of hexadecane. These results suggested that biofilm formation and oxidative stress defense are important physiological responses for hexadecane degradation along with metabolic switch to glyoxylate pathway in strain DR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejoon Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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