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Son J, Hong Y, Seong H, Oh YS, Kwak MK. The high-throughput solid-phase extraction of cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) from Lactobacillus plantarum demonstrates efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria and influenza A (H3N2) virus. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1346598. [PMID: 38828395 PMCID: PMC11140067 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1346598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: 2,5-diketopiperazines are the simplest forms of cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) and have diverse frameworks with chiral side chains that are useful for drug development. Previous research has investigated the antimicrobial properties of proline-linked CDPs and their combinations in the culture filtrate (CF) of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10 using anion exchange chromatography (AEC). However, the quantity of CDPs showcasing notable anti-influenza virus activity derived from AECs was generally lower than those originating from Lactobacillus CF. Methods: To address this issue, the study aims to propose a more efficient method for isolating CDPs and to introduce the antiviral combinations of CDPs obtained using a new method. The study employed a novel technique entailing high-throughput C18-based solid-phase extraction with a methanol gradient (MeSPE). The MeSPE method involved increasing the methanol concentration from 5% to 50% in 5% increments. Results: The methanol SPE fractions (MeSPEfs) eluted with methanol concentrations between 35% and 45% evinced substantial efficacy in inhibiting the influenza A/H3N2 virus via plaque-forming assay. MeSPEf-45, the 45% MeSPEf, exhibited exceptional efficacy in preventing viral infections in Madin-Darby kidney cells, surpassing both individual CDPs and the entire set of MeSPEfs. To identify the specific antiviral components of MeSPEf-45, all MeSPEfs were further fractionated through preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). MeSPEf-45 fractions S8 and S11 presented the highest activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and influenza A/H3N2 virus among all MeSPEfs, with 11 common fractions. Antiviral fractions S8 and S11 were identified as proline-based CDPs, specifically cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The combination of MeSPEf-45 fractions S8 and S11 displayed superior antibacterial and anti-influenza virus effects compared to the individual fractions S8 and S11. Discussion: High-throughput MeSPE-derived MeSPEfs and subsequent HPLC-fractionated fractions presents an innovative approach to selectively purify large amounts of potent antimicrobial CDPs from bacterial CF. The findings also show the effectiveness of physiologically bioactive combinations that utilize fractions not containing CDP. This study provides the initial evidence demonstrating the antimicrobial properties of CDPs acquired through high-throughput SPE techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Son
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Hong
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Seong
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Lou K, Chi J, Wu J, Ma J, Liu S, Cui Y. Research progress on the microbiota in bladder cancer tumors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374944. [PMID: 38650736 PMCID: PMC11033431 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota, also referred to as the microbial community, is a crucial component of the human microenvironment. It is located predominantly in various organs, including the intestines, skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract. The microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the human body, influencing physiological and pathological functions to a significant degree. There is increasing evidence linking the microbial flora to human cancers. In contrast to the traditional belief that the urethra and urine of normal individuals are sterile, recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology and bacterial cultivation methods have led to the discovery of specific microbial communities in the urethras of healthy individuals. Given the prevalence of bladder cancer (BCa) as a common malignancy of the urinary system, researchers have shifted their focus to exploring the connection between disease development and the unique microbial community within tumors. This shift has led to a deeper investigation into the role of microbiota in the onset, progression, metastasis, prognosis, and potential for early detection of BCa. This article reviews the existing research on the microbiota within BCa tumors and summarizes the findings regarding the roles of different microbes in various aspects of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Lou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Junpeng Chi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanshan Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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3
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Kang SO, Kwak MK. Antimicrobial Cyclic Dipeptides from Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica) Eggs Supplemented with Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:314-329. [PMID: 38111307 PMCID: PMC10940788 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) containing proline, one cyclo(Phe-Ala) without proline, and a non-peptidyl DL-3-phenyllactic acid were previously identified in the culture filtrates of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10, an isolate from kimchi. In this study, we used Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on the antimicrobial CDPs extracted from quail eggs (QE). Eggshell-free QE were obtained from two distinct groups of quails. The first group (K10N) comprised eggs from unsupplemented quails. The second group (K10S) comprised eggs from quails supplemented with Lb. plantarum LBP-K10. The QE samples were extracted using methylene chloride through a liquid-liquid extraction process. The resulting extract was fractionated into 16 parts using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Two fractions, Q6 and Q9, were isolated from K10S and identified as cis-cyclo(L-Ser-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro). The Q9 fraction, containing cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro), has shown significant inhibitory properties against the proliferation of highly pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as human-specific and phytopathogenic fungi. Some of the ten combinations between the remaining fourteen unidentified fractions and two fractions, Q6 and Q9, containing cis-cyclo(L-Ser-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) respectively, demonstrated a significant increase in activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria only when combined with Q9. The activity was 7.17 times higher compared to a single cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro). This study presents new findings on the efficacy of proline-containing CDPs in avian eggs. These CDPs provide antimicrobial properties when specific probiotics are supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bio-Convergence, and Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ogilvie CE, Czekster CM. Cyclic dipeptides and the human microbiome: Opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117372. [PMID: 37343497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Research into the human microbiome has implicated its constituents in a variety of non-communicable diseases, with certain microbes found to promote health and others leading to dysbiosis and pathogenesis.Microbes communicate and coordinate their behaviour through the secretion of small molecules, such as cyclic dipeptides (CDPs), into their surrounding environment. CDPs are ubiquitous signalling molecules thatexhibit a wide range of biological activities, with particular relevance to human health due to their potential to act as microbiome modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Elizabeth Ogilvie
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.
| | - Clarissa Melo Czekster
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.
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In Vitro Screening of Antiviral Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Fermented Foods. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of newly isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a good basis for expanding the potential for their applications in functional foods, probiotic food supplements, and other probiotic products. They exhibit various functional properties, including such with antiviral activity. Probiotic strains can manifest their antiviral effects by various mechanisms, including direct interaction with viruses, production of antiviral compounds, or immune system modulation. Ten newly isolated LAB strains from traditional fermented food products have been tested for the determination of their antiviral activity. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from the studied strains for the effect on viral replication of Human alphaherpesvirus—HHV-1 and HHV-2 as well as for direct virucidal activity. The CFSs of the LAB strains were used in non-toxic concentrations of 25%, 6.25%, and 1.6%. No direct virucidal activity was observed in tested CFSs, but five of the strains observed a well-defined effect of viral replication inhibition with the selective index (SI) from 4.40 to >54. For two of these five strains, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KZM 2-11-3 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC 5-12 strong activity against HHV-2 with a selective index (SI) over 45 was detected, which is a good basis for further research.
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Zheng X, Nie W, Xu J, Zhang H, Liang X, Chen Z. Characterization of antifungal cyclic dipeptides of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ZX1231 and active packaging film prepared with its cell-free supernatant and bacterial nanocellulose. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112024. [PMID: 36461308 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infection and/or spoilage are major concerns of crop and food security worldwide, prompting the developments and application of various antimicrobial agents. In this study, nine strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antifungal activities were isolated from the traditional Chinese fermented wort of Meigui rice vinegar, where fungi coexist. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ZX1231 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium polonicum, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Talaromyces rubrifaciens, and Candida albicans. Among the four cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) uncovered from the CFS, cyclo(Phe-Leu) and cyclo(Anthranily-Pro) were found in the family Lactobacillaceae for the first time, which inhibited the C. albicans filamentation by targeting upon RAS1-cAMP-PKA pathway. CFS antifungal activities were optimally combined with a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) matrix to prepare the active quality packaging CFS-BNC films. The challenge tests confirmed that CFS-BNC films significantly inhibited the fungi growth and thus prolonged the shelf life of bread, beef, cheese and soy sauce. L. paracasei ZX1231, its CFS, and the CFS-BNC film may have extensive applications in food preservation and food packaging.
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A novel cyclic dipeptide from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MC39 inhibits proliferation of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae W8 and Enterobacter hormaechei U25. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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8
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Salman M, Javed MR, Ali H, Mustafa G, Tariq A, Sahar T, Naheed S, Gill I, Abid M, Tawab A. Bioprotection of Zea mays L. from aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus by Loigolactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271269. [PMID: 35917314 PMCID: PMC9345345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infection causes deterioration, discoloration, and loss of nutritional values of food products. The use of lactic acid bacteria has diverse applications in agriculture to combat pathogens and to improve the nutritional values of cereal grains. The current research evaluated the potential of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 against aflatoxins producing toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain. The cell free supernatant (CFS) of Loig. coryniformis was used for the protection of Zea mays L. treated with A. flavus. No fungal growth was observed even after seven days. The FT-IR spectrum of untreated (T1: without any treatment) and treated maize grains (T2: MRS broth + A. flavus; T3: CFS + A. flavus) showed variations in peak intensities of functional group regions of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of T3 were significantly improved in comparison with T1 and T2. Aflatoxins were not found in T3 while observed in T2 (AFB1 and AFB2 = 487 and 16 ng/g each). HPLC analysis of CFS showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, and benzoic acid. The presence of these acids in the CFS of Loig. coryniformis cumulatively increased the antioxidant contents and activity of T3 treated maize grains. Besides, CFS of Loig. coryniformis was passed through various treatments (heat, neutral pH, proteolytic enzymes and catalase), to observe its stability. It suggested that the inhibitory potential of CFS against A. flavus was due to the presence of organic acids, proteinaceous compounds and hydrogen peroxide. Conclusively, Loig. coryniformis BCH-4 could be used as a good bioprotecting agent for Zea mays L. by improving its nutritional and antioxidant contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MS); (AT)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanzila Sahar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Naheed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MS); (AT)
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Cheng Qian J, Liu D, Ping Lin L, Jing Zhu W, Xiang Tan R. Minor bioactive indoles from kimchi mirror the regioselectivity in indole-3-carbinol oligomerization. Food Chem 2022; 382:132571. [PMID: 35245758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kimchi is a globally consumed food with diverse health-benefits, but the low-abundance bioactive compounds in kimchi remain largely neglected. Here we show that kimchi contains a family of low-abundance (0.5-1.6 μg/g, dried weight) high-order indole oligomers derived from indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a breakdown product released from cruciferous vegetables used for producing the traditional subsidiary food. The structure determination of such complex molecules was accomplished by synthesizing linear indole oligomers as standard materials followed by the LC-HR-MS analysis. One indole tetramer (LTe2) is substantially toxic to tumor MV4-11 (IC50 = 1.94 μM) and THP-1 cells (IC50 = 7.12 μM). Collectively, the work adds valuable information to the knowledge package about kimchi, and may inspire the generation of indole-based molecules, to which many drugs belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Kazemi K, Gholami A. Recent advances in antiviral effects of probiotics: potential mechanism study in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3211-3228. [PMID: 35789756 PMCID: PMC9244507 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), progressively extended worldwide countries on an epidemic scale. Along with all the drug treatments suggested to date, currently, there are no approved management protocols and treatment regimens for SARS-CoV-2. The unavailability of optimal medication and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the requirement for alternative therapies. Probiotics are living organisms that deliberate beneficial effects on the host when used sufficiently and in adequate amounts, and fermented food is their rich source. Probiotics affect viruses by antiviral mechanisms and reduce diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. At this point, we comprehensively evaluated the antiviral effects of probiotics and their mechanism with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we suggested the conceptual and potential mechanisms of probiotics by which they could exhibit antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to the previous evidence concerning the mechanism of antiviral effects of probiotics. This study reviewed recent studies that speculate about the role of probiotics in the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm through the mechanisms such as induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6), inhibition of JAK signaling pathway, and act as HDAC inhibitor. Also, the recent clinical trials and their outcome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Varsha KK, Narisetty V, Brar KK, Madhavan A, Alphy MP, Sindhu R, Awasthi MK, Varjani S, Binod P. Bioactive metabolites in functional and fermented foods and their role as immunity booster and anti-viral innate mechanisms. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 60:1-10. [PMID: 35789583 PMCID: PMC9243801 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Live microorganisms in the fermented foods termed probiotics and their secondary metabolites with bioactive potential were considered as potential anti-viral capabilities through various mechanisms. Given the importance of functional and fermented foods in disease prevention, there is a need to discuss the contextualization and deep understanding of the mechanism of action of these foods, particularly considering the appearance of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which is causing health concerns and increased social services globally. The mechanism of probiotic strains or their bioactive metabolites is due to stimulation of immune response through boosting T-lymphocytes, cytokines, and cell toxicity of natural killer cells. Proper consumption of these functional and fermented foods may provide additional antiviral approaches for public benefit by modulating the immune functions in the hosts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05528-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Narisetty
- Moolec Science, Innovation Centre, Gallows Hill, CV34 6UW, Warwick, UK
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 433 Boulevard du collège, J9X0E1, Rouyn-Noranda, Canada
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014 India
| | - Maria Paul Alphy
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691505 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712 100 Shaanxi China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Bhavan, CHH Road, Sector 10 A, Gujarat Gandhinagar, 382010 India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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12
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Muramatsu W, Yamamoto H. An economical approach for peptide synthesis via regioselective C-N bond cleavage of lactams. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6309-6315. [PMID: 35733900 PMCID: PMC9159104 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An economical, solvent-free, and metal-free method for peptide synthesis via C-N bond cleavage using lactams has been developed. The method not only eliminates the need for condensation agents and their auxiliaries, which are essential for conventional peptide synthesis, but also exhibits high atom economy. The reaction is versatile because it can tolerate side chains bearing a range of functional groups, affording up to >99% yields of the corresponding peptides without racemisation or polymerisation. Moreover, the developed strategy enables peptide segment coupling, providing access to a hexapeptide that occurs as a repeat sequence in spider silk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Muramatsu
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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13
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Salman M, Tariq A, Mustafa G, Javed MR, Naheed S, Qamar SA. Cyclo(L-Leucyl-L-Prolyl) from Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 inhibits the proliferation of Aspergillus flavus: an in vitro to in silico approach. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:267. [PMID: 35438350 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungal spoilage led to a considerable economic loss of foodstuff which ultimately affects public health due to mycotoxins production. Moreover, the consumption of commercial antifungal drugs creates side effects and develops antifungal resistance. To overcome these challenges, the current work was aimed to investigate novel antifungal cyclic dipeptide (CDP) from Lactobacillus coryniformis (Loigolactobacillus coryniformis) BCH-4. CDPs have flexible, cyclic, and stable conformation. The proline-based CDPs provide additional structural compatibility and bio-functional values. Keeping in view, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to explore cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) from L. coryniformis BCH-4. The HPLC detected concentration (135 ± 7.07 mg/mL) exhibited in vitro antifungal activity of 5.66 ± 0.57 mm (inhibitory zone) against Aspergillus flavus. Based on these results, cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) was used as a bioprotectant for selected food samples (grapes, lemon, cashew nuts, and almonds). A significant impact of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) was observed in contrast with MRS broth (control) and cell-free supernatant. In silico molecular docking analysis of this CDP was carried out against FAD glucose dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, and urate oxidase of A. flavus as target proteins. Among these proteins, FAD glucose dehydrogenase exerted strong interactions with cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) having S-score of - 8.21. The results evaluated that the detected CDP has strong interactions with selected proteins, causing excellent growth inhibition of A. flavus. Therefore, cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) could be used as a potent bioprotectant against food-borne pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Anam Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Naheed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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14
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Polyols Induce the Production of Antifungal Compounds by Lactobacillus plantarum. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:99. [PMID: 35150334 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins may be present in nuts, coffee, cereals, and grapes, among other products. Increasing concerns about human health and environmental protection have driven the application of biological control techniques that can inhibit fungal contaminants. In this study, the growth inhibition of the ochratoxigenic fungus Aspergillus carbonarius Ac 162 was evaluated using 5 lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The LAB studied were Lactobacillus plantarum MZ801739 (J), Lactobacillus plantarum MZ809351 (31) and Lactobacillus plantarum MZ809350 (34), isolated in the Ivory Coast, and Lactobacillus plantarum MN982928 (3) and Leuconostoc citreum MZ801735 (23), isolated in Mexico. J, 31, 34, 3 and 23 are the internal strain codes from our laboratory. LAB were cultivated in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, and different polyols (glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol) were added to the culture broth to stimulate the production of antifungal compounds. The fungal inhibition studies were performed using the poisoned food technique. The highest inhibition of A. carbonarius growth was obtained by cultivating L. plantarum MZ809351 in the presence of xylitol and glycerol. Under these conditions, 1 L of the L. plantarum MZ809351 cultures were used to identify antifungal compounds. The compounds were concentrated by solid-phase extraction and then characterized by GC-MS. In addition to 9-octadecenoic acid, 3 diketopiperazines or cyclic dipeptides were identified, including cyclo (Leu-Leu), cyclo (Pro-Gly) and cyclo (Val-Phe), which were compounds related to microbial antifungal activities. Xylitol and glycerol induced the production of these antifungal compounds against A. carbonarius Ac 162. On the other hand, adding xylitol and glycerol to the MRS broth reduced the Ochratoxin A (OTA) content to 56.8 and 54.7%, respectively. This study shows the potential for using L. plantarum MZ809351 as a biocontrol agent to prevent the growth of A. carbonarius and reduce the production of OTA in foods.
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Pandey M, Bhati A, Priya K, Sharma KK, Singhal B. Precision Postbiotics and Mental Health: the Management of Post-COVID-19 Complications. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:426-448. [PMID: 34806151 PMCID: PMC8606251 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The health catastrophe originated by COVID-19 pandemic construed profound impact on a global scale. However, a plethora of research studies corroborated convincing evidence conferring severity of infection of SARS-CoV-2 with the aberrant gut microbiome that strongly speculated its importance for development of novel therapeutic modalities. The intense exploration of probiotics has been envisaged to promote the healthy growth of the host, and restore intestinal microecological balance through various metabolic and physiological processes. The demystifying effect of probiotics cannot be defied, but there exists a strong skepticism related to their safety and efficacy. Therefore, molecular signature of probiotics termed as "postbiotics" are of paramount importance and there is continuous surge of utilizing postbiotics for enhancing health benefits, but little is explicit about their antiviral effects. Therefore, it is worth considering their prospective role in post-COVID regime that pave the way for exploring the pastoral vistas of postbiotics. Based on previous research investigations, the present article advocates prospective role of postbiotics in alleviating the health burden of viral infections, especially SARS-CoV-2. The article also posits current challenges and proposes a futuristic model describing the concept of "precision postbiotics" for effective therapeutic and preventive interventions that can be used for management of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India
| | - Archana Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India
| | - Kumari Priya
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India
| | - K K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Barkha Singhal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India.
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16
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Bioprospecting Antimicrobials from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Key Factors Underlying Its Probiotic Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112076. [PMID: 34769500 PMCID: PMC8585029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is a well-studied and versatile species of lactobacilli. It is found in several niches, including human mucosal surfaces, and it is largely employed in the food industry and boasts a millenary tradition of safe use, sharing a long-lasting relationship with humans. L. plantarum is generally recognised as safe and exhibits a strong probiotic character, so that several strains are commercialised as health-promoting supplements and functional food products. For these reasons, L. plantarum represents a valuable model to gain insight into the nature and mechanisms of antimicrobials as key factors underlying the probiotic action of health-promoting microbes. Probiotic antimicrobials can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the gut ensuring the intestinal homeostasis and contributing to the host health. Furthermore, they may be attractive alternatives to conventional antibiotics, holding potential in several biomedical applications. The aim of this review is to investigate the most relevant papers published in the last ten years, bioprospecting the antimicrobial activity of characterised probiotic L. plantarum strains. Specifically, it focuses on the different chemical nature, the action spectra and the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of their antibacterial and antiviral agents. Emerging trends in postbiotics, some in vivo applications of L. plantarum antimicrobials, including strengths and limitations of their therapeutic potential, are addressed and discussed.
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17
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Characterization of a mercury tolerant strain of Staphylococcus arlettae from Darjeeling hills with an account of its antibiotic resistance pattern and metabolome. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5745-5754. [PMID: 34494142 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous heavy metal grouped with the top ten most toxic pollutants affecting both human and environmental health. Consequently, mercury contamination due to anthropogenic interference has become a rising global concern. The bacterial strain MTD10A was isolated from soil samples collected over the Darjeeling hills. Heavy metal tolerance study conducted exhibited considerable tolerance to mercury by this bacterial isolate at unprecedented concentrations of up to 0.1 mg/mL of HgCl2. Biochemical characterization and molecular identification via 16S rRNA sequencing identified this highly tolerant bacteria as a strain of a Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus arlettae. This study also maps the resistance pattern of MTD10A against clinically relevant antibiotics and contains a broad assessment of the metabolomic profile of the bacteria achieved via GC-MS. Tolerance of MTD10A to such excessive levels of mercury shown in our study suggests the possibility of a promising candidate for bioremediation in heavily mercury contaminated areas.
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18
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Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Das G, Heredia JB, de Lourdes Pereira M, Coy-Barrera E, Rodrigues Oliveira SM, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Cabanillas-Bojórquez LA, Shin HS, Patra JK. Korean traditional foods as antiviral and respiratory disease prevention and treatments: A detailed review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 116:415-433. [PMID: 34345117 PMCID: PMC8321624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean traditional food (KTF), originated from ancestral agriculture and the nomadic traditions of the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, is based on healthy food that balances disease prevention and treatment. Fermented foods that include grains, herbs, fruits, and mushrooms are also an important practice in KTF, providing high levels of Lactobacilli, which confer relevant health benefits, including antiviral properties. Some of these probiotics may also protect against the Influenza virus through the modulation of innate immunity. SCOPE AND APPROACH The emerging of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other diseases of viral origin, and the problems associated with other respiratory disorders, highlight how essential is a healthy eating pattern to strengthen our immune system.Key Findings and Conclusions: The present review covers the information available on edible plants, herbs, mushrooms, and preparations used in KTF to outline their multiple medicinal effects (e.g., antidiabetic, chemopreventive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial), emphasizing their role and effects on the immune system with an emphasis on modulating properties of the gut microbiota that further support strong respiratory immunity. Potential functional foods commonly used in Korean cuisine such as Kimchi (a mixture of fermented vegetables), Meju, Doenjang, Jeotgal, and Mekgeolli and fermented sauces, among others, are highlighted for their great potential to improve gut-lung immunity. The traditional Korean diet and dietary mechanisms that may target viruses ACE-2 receptors or affect any step of a virus infection pathway that can determine a patient's prognosis are also highlighted. The regular oral intake of bioactive ingredients used in Korean foods can offer protection for some viral diseases, through protective and immunomodulatory effects, as evidenced in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, 250247, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- HMRI and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance Centres, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Catedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel Cabanillas-Bojórquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
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Singh K, Rao A. Probiotics: A potential immunomodulator in COVID-19 infection management. Nutr Res 2021; 87:1-12. [PMID: 33592454 PMCID: PMC7881295 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 affects the human respiratory tract's epithelial cells, leading to a proinflammatory cytokine storm and chronic lung inflammation. With numerous patients dying daily, a vaccine and specific antiviral drug regimens are being explored. Probiotics are live microorganisms with proven beneficial effects on human health. While probiotics as nutritional supplements are long practiced in different cuisines across various countries, the emerging scientific evidence supports the antiviral and general immune-strengthening health effects of the probiotics. Here, we present an overview of the experimental studies published in the last 10 years that provide a scientific basis for unexplored probiotics as a preventive approach to respiratory viral infections. Based on collated insights from these experimental data, we identify promising microbial strains that may serve as lead prophylactic and immune-boosting probiotics in COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljit Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036 India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036 India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India.
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21
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S S, S R. Cyclic peptide production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their diverse applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2909-2927. [PMID: 33356473 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cyclic peptides gave gained increasing attention owing to their pH tolerance, heat stability and resistance to enzymatic actions. The increasing outbreaks of antibiotic resistant pathogens and food spoilage have prompted researchers to search for new approaches to combat them. The increasing number of reports on novel cyclic peptides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is considered as a breakthrough due to their potential applications. Although an extensive investigation is required to understand the mechanism of action and range of applications, LAB cyclic peptides can be considered as potential substitutes for commercially available antibiotics and bio preservatives. This review summarizes the current updates of LAB cyclic peptides with emphasis on their structure, mode of action and applications. Recent trends in cyclic peptide applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rupachandra S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
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22
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Croitoru A, Babin M, Myllykallio H, Gondry M, Aleksandrov A. Cyclodipeptide Synthases of the NYH Subfamily Recognize tRNA Using an α-Helix Enriched with Positive Residues. Biochemistry 2020; 60:64-76. [PMID: 33331769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) perform nonribosomal protein synthesis using two aminoacyl-tRNA substrates to produce cyclodipeptides. At present, there are no structural details of the CDPS:tRNA interaction available. Using AlbC, a CDPS that produces cyclo(l-Phe-l-Phe), the interaction between AlbC and its Phe-tRNA substrate was investigated. Simulations of models of the AlbC:tRNA complex, proposed by rigid-body docking or homology modeling, demonstrated that interactions with residues of an AlbC α-helix, α4, significantly contribute to the free energy of binding of AlbC to tRNA. Individual residue contributions to the tRNA binding free energy of the discovered binding mode explain well the available biochemical data, and the results of in vivo assay experiments performed in this work and guided by simulations. In molecular dynamics simulations, the phenylalanyl group predominantly occupied the two positions observed in the experimental structure of AlbC in the dipeptide intermediate state, suggesting that tRNAs of the first and second substrates interact with AlbC in a similar manner. Overall, given the high degree of sequence and structural similarity among the members of the CDPS NYH protein subfamily, the mechanism of the protein:tRNA interaction is expected to be pertinent to a wide range of proteins interacting with tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Croitoru
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Morgan Babin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Hannu Myllykallio
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Alexey Aleksandrov
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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23
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Li Y, Yuan S, Yong X, zhao T, Liu J. Research progress on small peptides in Chinese Baijiu. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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24
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Otsuka Y, Shimamura T, Sakaji M, Arita H, Kashiwagi T, Ukeda H. Quantification of Proline-containing Cyclic Dipeptides by LC-MS/MS. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:977-980. [PMID: 32115462 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic dipeptides, 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs), draw attention as bioactive and taste compounds. DKPs, especially those containing Proline (Pro), are contained in heated and fermented foods. Herein, we developed a method for a simultaneous quantitative analysis of Pro-containing DKPs using LC-MS/MS. After optimizing the LC-MS/MS conditions, the developed method was applied to quantify Pro-containing DKPs in Goishi tea, which is a post-fermented tea produced by a two-step aerobic-anaerobic fermentation process. Consequently, 17 kinds of Pro-containing DKPs could be quantified, and the total amount of Pro-containing DKPs was 3.40 mg/L. The recovery in a spiked test was 93 - 117%, which is satisfactory. We believe that the developed method can be used to elucidate the role of Pro-containing DKPs in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Otsuka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University
| | | | - Michio Sakaji
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University
| | - Hikaru Arita
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ukeda
- Center for Regional Sustainability and Innovation, Kochi University
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25
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Xing Z, Wu X, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Fan H, Chen L, Liu X, Duan Y. Isolation and identification of induced systemic resistance determinants from Bacillus simplex Sneb545 against Heterodera glycines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11586. [PMID: 32665669 PMCID: PMC7360772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterodera glycines is one of the most destructive pathogens of soybean. Soybean seeds coated with Bacillus simplex Sneb545 have shown resistance to H. glycines as a result of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the plants. In this study, we aimed to identify the resistance-inducing determinants from this B. simplex strain. Combining the ISR bioassay, six ISR-active compounds were isolated from a culture of B. simplex Sneb545 using organic solvent gradient extraction, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and all systems were based on activity tracking. The compounds were determined as cyclic(Pro-Tyr), cyclic(Val-Pro), cyclic(Leu-Pro), uracil, phenylalanine, and tryptophan using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In plants from seeds coated with Bacillus simplex Sneb545, these six ISR-active compounds delayed the development of H. glycines in soybean roots. Moreover, cyclic(Pro-Tyr), cyclic(Val-Pro), and tryptophan reduced the number of nematodes in soybean roots. The expression levels of defense-related genes with cyclic(Val-Pro), tryptophan and uracil treatment soybean analysed using Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results indicate cyclic(Val-Pro), tryptophan and uracil induced the expression of defense-related genes involved in the SA- and JA-pathways to against H. glycines. Our research results provide new agents for the control of H. glycines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Biology Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuxi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Bioactive Potential of Extracts of Labrenzia aggregata Strain USBA 371, a Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from a Terrestrial Source. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112546. [PMID: 32486092 PMCID: PMC7321072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed the potential of Labrenzia aggregata USBA 371 to produce cytotoxic metabolites. This study explores its metabolic diversity and compounds involved in its cytotoxic activity. Extracts from the extracellular fraction of strain USBA 371 showed high levels of cytotoxic activity associated with the production of diketopiperazines (DKPs). We purified two compounds and a mixture of two other compounds from this fraction. Their structures were characterized by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The purified compounds were evaluated for additional cytotoxic activities. Compound 1 (cyclo (l-Pro-l-Tyr)) showed cytotoxicity to the following cancer cell lines: breast cancer 4T1 (IC50 57.09 ± 2.11 µM), 4T1H17 (IC50 40.38 ± 1.94), MCF-7 (IC50 87.74 ± 2.32 µM), murine melanoma B16 (IC50 80.87 ± 3.67), human uterus sarcoma MES-SA/Dx5 P-pg (−) (IC50 291.32 ± 5.64) and MES-SA/Dx5 P-pg (+) (IC50 225.28 ± 1.23), and murine colon MCA 38 (IC50 29.85 ± 1.55). In order to elucidate the biosynthetic route of the production of DKPs and other secondary metabolites, we sequenced the genome of L. aggregata USBA 371. We found no evidence for biosynthetic pathways associated with cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) or non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), but based on proteogenomic analysis we suggest that they are produced by proteolytic enzymes. This is the first report in which the cytotoxic effect of cyclo (l-Pro-l-Tyr) produced by an organism of the genus Labrenzia has been evaluated against several cancer cell lines.
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Seo DJ, Jung D, Jung S, Yeo D, Choi C. Inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi against murine norovirus. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Industrial biotechnology is a continuously expanding field focused on the application of microorganisms to produce chemicals using renewable sources as substrates. Currently, an increasing interest in new versatile processes, able to utilize a variety of substrates to obtain diverse products, can be observed. A robust microbial strain is critical in the creation of such processes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to produce a wide variety of chemicals with high commercial interest. Lactic acid (LA) is the most predominant industrial product obtained from LAB fermentations, and its production is forecasted to rise as the result of the increasing demand of polylactic acid. Hence, the creation of new ways to revalorize LA production processes is of high interest and could further enhance its economic value. Therefore, this review explores some co-products of LA fermentations, derived from LAB, with special focus on bacteriocins, lipoteichoic acid, and probiotics. Finally, a multi-product process involving LA and the other compounds of interest is proposed.
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Bukhari SA, Salman M, Numan M, Javed MR, Zubair M, Mustafa G. Characterization of antifungal metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus coryniformis isolated from rice rinsed water. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1871-1881. [PMID: 32006197 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recent spike in demand for chemical preservative free food has derived the scientific community to develop natural ways of food preservation. Therefore, bio-preservation could be considered as the great alternative over chemical ones owing to its potential to increase shelf-life and nutritional values of foodstuffs. In the present study, lactic acid producing bacterial species were isolated from rice rinsed water and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Lactobacillus plantarum BCH-1 (KX388380) and Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 (KX388387). Antifungal metabolites from both Lactobacillus species were extracted by polarity-based solvents in which ethyl acetate showed remarkable antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus by disc diffusion assay. Different organic acids and fatty acids have been identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, respectively. Lactic acid and citric acid were the major organic acids found in ethyl acetate fractions of L. plantarum and L. coryniformis, respectively. Similarly, 9,12-otadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester were the major fatty acids found in n-hexane fractions of L. plantarum and L. coryniformis respectively. Moreover, the isolation of novel antifungal metabolites from locally isolated Lactobacillus species was focused and it was revealed that organic acids are important contributors towards antifungal potential. A novel fatty acid (i.e. 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid) has also been explored and found as potential metabolite against filamentous fungi. Conclusively, various metabolites isolated from non-dairy source showed antifungal activity especially against Aspergillus species. Hence, these metabolites have been considered as a good choice for bio-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Bhattacharya D, Lai TK, Saha A, Selvin J, Mukherjee J. Structural elucidation and antimicrobial activity of a diketopiperazine isolated from a Bacillus sp. associated with the marine sponge Spongia officinalis. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2315-2323. [PMID: 31583909 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1672684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A diketopiperazine (3S, 6S)-3,6-diisobutylpiperazine-2,5-dione was isolated from a sponge-associated microbe for the first time and characterized by FTIR, HRESI-MS, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR. The source is novel for this compound. Single crystal XRD of this diketopiperazine obtained as a natural product was analysed for the first time and its melting point was determined to be 262 °C. MICs of this cyclic dipeptide against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus were 16 µg mL-1 and 22 µg mL-1 respectively, the first report of antibacterial activity of this diketopiperazine.Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1672684.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapan Kumar Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar Evening College , Kolkata , India
| | - Amit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University , Puducherry , India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
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Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains possess safety characteristics, antiviral activities and host adherence factors revealed by genome mining. EPMA J 2019; 10:337-350. [PMID: 31832110 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Probiotics belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. have been exploited for their health benefits in treatment and prevention of many pathological conditions and promoting human health. Recent advances in understanding probiotics-human interaction through microbiome research in the context of various medical conditions suggest their provisional role in preventive, personalized, and predictive medicine. To streamline their application in disease prevention, development of personalized-based treatments, or their use as biomarkers for predictive diagnosis, in vitro screening for strains with potential probiotic properties should be performed. In this work, we aimed to emphasize the probiotic features of four Lactobacillus and two Bifidobacterium probiotic strains which showed antagonistic properties against microbial pathogens. Methods Firstly, cytotoxicity assessment of cell-free preparations from these strains was performed using a baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and cell viability was measured by means of sulfo-rhodamine B stain. Secondly, Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses which pose a great threat in infected poultry were used for assessing antiviral activity of probiotics. Thirdly, the genomes of six probiotic strains were used to identify genes encoding host adherence factors that mediate interaction with human tissues. Results Probiotic preparations exhibited insignificant toxicity as indicated by the high survival rate of BHK cells (surviving fraction varied from 0.82 to 0.99) as compared to the untreated control. Cell-free preparations of probiotics mixed with equal volume of ND and IBD viruses (106 and 104 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50, respectively) reduced the titer of ND and IBD viruses on chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Genome mining analysis revealed that the draft genomes of these strains were predicted to encode LPXTG-containing proteins, surface layer proteins, tight adherence pili, sortase-dependent pili, fibronectin, or collagen binding proteins and other factors that adhere to human tissues such as mucus. Such adherence factors enable probiotic bacteria to interact and colonize the host. Conclusion Taken together, safety privileges, antiviral activities, and genomically encoded host interaction factors confirmed probiotic features of the six probiotic strains and their potential in promoting human health.
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Hashempour-Baltork F, Hosseini H, Shojaee-Aliabadi S, Torbati M, Alizadeh AM, Alizadeh M. Drug Resistance and the Prevention Strategies in Food Borne Bacteria: An Update Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:335-347. [PMID: 31592430 PMCID: PMC6773942 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is among the most important treatments against infectious diseases and has tremendously improved effects on public health. Nowadays, development in using this treatment has led us to the emergence and enhancement of drug-resistant pathogens which can result in some problems including treatment failure, increased mortality as well as treatment costs, reduced infection control efficiency, and spread of resistant pathogens from hospital to community. Therefore, many researches have tried to find new alternative approaches to control and prevent this problem. This study, has been revealed some possible and effective approaches such as using farming practice, natural antibiotics, nano-antibiotics, lactic acid bacteria, bacteriocin, cyclopeptid, bacteriophage, synthetic biology and predatory bacteria as alternatives for traditional antibiotics to prevent or reduce the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee-Aliabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Surgery), Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Communication between and within communities of cells or independent organisms is a crucial prerequisite for species survival. In response to variations in the extracellular environment, the collective behavior of cell populations can be coordinated by regulating community-level gene expression. This mechanism is strongly conserved during evolution, being shared both by bacterial communities and central nervous system cells. Notably, cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are molecules that are implicated in these quorum sensing behaviors in both settings. Bacteria coordinate their collective behavior by producing CDPs (quorum sensing inducers) that enhance the capacity of individual members of the community to detect these signals and thus amplify the community-level response. In this review, we highlight recent data indicating that strikingly similar molecular mechanisms control communications between glial and neuronal cells to maintain homeostasis in the central nervous system, with a specific focus on the role of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone—derived CDP cyclo(His-Pro) in the protection against neurotoxic insults.
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A Pilot Study for the Detection of Cyclic Prolyl-Hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) in Human Blood after Ingestion of Collagen Hydrolysate. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101356. [PMID: 30248982 PMCID: PMC6213548 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of short linear hydroxyproline (Hyp)-containing peptides, such as prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), increase in human blood after the ingestion of collagen hydrolysate, which has been associated with beneficial effects for human skin and joints. The present study demonstrates the presence of a novel food-derived collagen peptide, cyclic Pro-Hyp, in human blood after the ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. The cyclic Pro-Hyp levels in plasma samples were estimated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cyclic Pro-Hyp levels significantly increased in the plasma after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate, reaching a maximum level after 2 h and then decreasing. The maximum level of cyclic Pro-Hyp in plasma ranged from 0.1413 to 0.3443 nmol/mL, representing approximately 5% of linear Pro-Hyp in plasma after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. Addition of cyclic Pro-Hyp in medium at 7 nmol/mL significantly enhanced the growth rate of mouse skin fibroblasts on collagen gel more extensively compared to linear Pro-Hyp.
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Cyclo-(l-Phe-l-Pro), a Quorum-Sensing Signal of Vibrio vulnificus, Induces Expression of Hydroperoxidase through a ToxR-LeuO-HU-RpoS Signaling Pathway To Confer Resistance against Oxidative Stress. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00932-17. [PMID: 29914931 PMCID: PMC6105893 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00932-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, produces cyclo-(l-Phe-l-Pro) (cFP), which serves as a signaling molecule controlling the ToxR-dependent expression of innate bacterial genes, and also as a virulence factor eliciting pathogenic effects on human cells by enhancing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. We found that cFP facilitated the protection of V. vulnificus against hydrogen peroxide. At a concentration of 1 mM, cFP enhanced the level of the transcriptional regulator RpoS, which in turn induced expression of katG, encoding hydroperoxidase I, an enzyme that detoxifies H2O2 to overcome oxidative stress. We found that cFP upregulated the transcription of the histone-like proteins vHUα and vHUβ through the cFP-dependent regulator LeuO. LeuO binds directly to upstream regions of vhuA and vhuB to enhance transcription. vHUα and vHUβ then enhance the level of RpoS posttranscriptionally by stabilizing the mRNA. This cFP-mediated ToxR-LeuO-vHUαβ-RpoS pathway also upregulates genes known to be members of the RpoS regulon, suggesting that cFP acts as a cue for the signaling pathway responsible for both the RpoS and the LeuO regulons. Taken together, this study shows that cFP plays an important role as a virulence factor, as well as a signal for the protection of the cognate pathogen.
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Zhang HH, Yu WY, Li L, Wu F, Chen Q, Yang Y, Yu CH. Protective effects of diketopiperazines from Moslae Herba against influenza A virus-induced pulmonary inflammation via inhibition of viral replication and platelets aggregation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:156-166. [PMID: 29309861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moslae Herba (MH) is broadly used as an antiviral, antipyretic and anticoagulant drug which effectively treats respiratory diseases including cough, asthma, throat, cold and flu. AIM OF THIS STUDY The excessive inflammation of the lungs is the hallmark of severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection, while platelet aggregation and its subsequent microvascular thrombosis can exacerbate IAV-induced lung injury. Thus, inhibition of platelet aggregation can be a potential target for IAV treatment. Previous studies focus on the flavonoids from MH and their anti-inflammatory activities, but the anticoagulant compounds and potential molecular mechanism of MH remains unclear. This study was to isolate and characterize diketopiperazines (DKPs) from MH and to explore the underlying anticoagulant mechanism on IAV infection models. MATERIALS AND METHODS EtOAc sub-extract separated from MH ethanolic extract was subjected to fractionation through column chromatography. The chemical structures of pure compounds were characterized by the spectral analysis. Antiviral activities of DKPs were assayed in IAV-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and mice. Anticoagulant effects of DKPs were investigated on adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced acute pulmonary embolism and IAV-induced lung injury in vivo, as well as the inhibition on platelet activating factor (PAF), arachidonic acid (AA) and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. The serum levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-PGF1α were detected by ELISA. The expressions of key proteins in CD41-mediated PI3K/AKT pathways were determined by western blotting analysis. RESULTS Six DKPs were, for the first time, isolated from MH and identified as cyclo(Tyr-Leu) (1), cyclo(Phe-Phe) (2), cyclo(Phe-Tyr) (3), cyclo(Ala-Ile) (4), cyclo(Ala-Leu) (5) and Bz-Phe-Phe-OMe (6). Among these DKPs, cyclo(Ala-Ile) and Bz-Phe-Phe-OMe possessed low cytotoxicities and significant inhibition against cytopathic effects induced by IAV (H1N1 and H3N2) replication in MDCK cells. Furthermore, cyclo(Ala-Ile) and Bz-Phe-Phe-OMe significantly alleviated IAV-induced platelet activation and lung inflammation in mice. They could reduce the expression of CD41 and the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT in PLTs of IAV-infected mice. CONCLUSION These results suggested that cyclo(Ala-Ile) and Bz-Phe-Phe-OMe isolated from MH have antiviral and anticoagulant effects against IAV-induced PLT aggregation and lung inflammation via regulating CD41/PI3K/AKT pathway, and could be used as the potential agents for IAV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Lan Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China; First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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Kwak MK, Liu R, Kang SO. Antimicrobial activity of cyclic dipeptides produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10 against multidrug-resistant bacteria, pathogenic fungi, and influenza A virus. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Seong CN, Kang JW, Lee JH, Seo SY, Woo JJ, Park C, Bae KS, Kim MS. Taxonomic hierarchy of the phylum Firmicutes and novel Firmicutes species originated from various environments in Korea. J Microbiol 2018; 56:1-10. [PMID: 29299839 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the taxonomic hierarchy of the phylum Firmicutes as well as elucidated the isolation and classification states of novel Firmicutes species isolated from Korean territory. The hierarchical classification system of the phylum Firmicutes has been developed since 1872 when the genus Bacillus was first reported and has been generally adopted since 2001. However, this taxonomic hierarchy is still being modified. Until Feb. 2017, the phylum Firmicutes consisted of seven classes (Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, Limnochordia, Negativicutes, Thermolithobacteria, and Tissierellia), 13 orders, 45 families, and 421 genera. Firmicutes species isolated from various environments in Korea have been reported from 2000, and 187 species have been approved as of Feb. 2017. All Firmicutes species were affiliated with three classes (Bacilli, Clostridia, and Erysipelotrichia), four orders (Bacillales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Erysipelotrichales), 17 families, and 54 genera. A total of 173 species belong to the class Bacilli, of which 151 species were affiliated with the order Bacillales and the remaining 22 species with the order Lactobacillales. Twelve species belonging to the class Clostridia were affiliated within only one order, Clostridiales. The most abundant family was Bacillaceae (67 species), followed by the family Paenibacillaceae (56 species). Thirteen novel genera were created using isolates from the Korean environment. A number of Firmicutes species were isolated from natural environments in Korean territory. In addition, a considerable number of species were isolated from artificial resources such as fermented foods. Most Firmicutes species, belonging to the families Bacillaceae, Planococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae, isolated from Korean fermented foods and solar salterns were halophilic or halotolerant. Firmicutes species were isolated from the whole territory of Korea, especially large numbers from Provinces Gyeonggi, Chungnam, and Daejeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Nam Seong
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Won Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Woo
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Gwangyang Health Science University, Gwangyang, 57764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Bae
- Biological Resource Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Agricultural Sciences Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
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Mishra AK, Choi J, Choi SJ, Baek KH. Cyclodipeptides: An Overview of Their Biosynthesis and Biological Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101796. [PMID: 29065531 PMCID: PMC6151668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptides (CDP) represent a diverse family of small, highly stable, cyclic peptides that are produced as secondary functional metabolites or side products of protein metabolism by bacteria, fungi, and animals. They are widespread in nature, and exhibit a broad variety of biological and pharmacological activities. CDP synthases (CDPSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze the biosynthesis of the CDP core structure, which is further modified by tailoring enzymes often associated with CDP biosynthetic gene clusters. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of CDP biosynthetic pathways and modifying enzymes. We also discuss the biological properties of some known CDPs and their possible applications in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Seong-Jin Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
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Alberdi-Cedeño J, Ibargoitia ML, Guillén MD. Bioactive compounds detected for the first time in corn oil: Cyclic dipeptides and other nitrogenated compounds. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Antiproliferative Effect of Cyclodipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 on HeLa Cells Involves Inhibition of Phosphorylation of Akt and S6k Kinases. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 28632179 PMCID: PMC6152764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22061024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, a potential pathogen of plants and animals, produces the cyclodipeptides cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr), cyclo(l-Pro-l-Phe), and cyclo(l-Pro-l-Val) (PAO1-CDPs), whose effects have been implicated in inhibition of human tumor cell line proliferation. Our purpose was to investigate in depth in the mechanisms of HeLa cell proliferation inhibition by the PAO1-CDPs. The results indicate that PAO1-CDPs, both purified individually and in mixtures, inhibited HeLa cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G0-G1 transition. The crude PAO1-CDPs mixture promoted cell death in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, showing efficacy similar to that of isolated PAO1-CDPs (LD50 of 60-250 µM) and inducing apoptosis with EC50 between 0.6 and 3.0 µM. Moreover, PAO1-CDPs showed a higher proapoptotic activity (~10³-10⁵ fold) than their synthetic analogs did. Subsequently, the PAO1-CDPs affected mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis by caspase-9-dependent pathway. The mechanism of inhibition of cells proliferation in HeLa cells involves inhibition of phosphorylation of both Akt-S473 and S6k-T389 protein kinases, showing a cyclic behavior of their expression and phosphorylation in a time and concentration-dependent fashion. Taken together our findings indicate that PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6k signaling pathway blockage is involved in the antiproliferative effect of the PAO1-CDPs.
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Liu R, Kim AH, Kwak MK, Kang SO. Proline-Based Cyclic Dipeptides from Korean Fermented Vegetable Kimchi and from Leuconostoc mesenteroides LBP-K06 Have Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:761. [PMID: 28512456 PMCID: PMC5411444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides play a prominent role as functional starters and predominant isolates in the production of various types of antimicrobial compound-containing fermented foods, especially including kimchi. In the case of the bioactive cyclic dipeptides, their racemic diastereomers inhibitory to bacteria and fungi have been suggested to come solely from Lactobacillus spp. of these strains. We previously demonstrated the antifungal and antiviral activities of proline-based cyclic dipeptides, which were fractionated from culture filtrates of Lb. plantarum LBP-K10 originated from kimchi. However, cyclic dipeptides have not been identified in the filtrates, either from cultures or fermented subject matter, driven by Ln. mesenteroides, which have been widely used as starter cultures for kimchi fermentation. Most importantly, the experimental verification of cyclic dipeptide-content changes during kimchi fermentation have also not been elucidated. Herein, the antibacterial fractions, including cyclo(Leu-Pro) and cyclo(Phe-Pro), from Ln. mesenteroides LBP-K06 culture filtrates, which exhibited a typical chromatographic retention behavior (tR), were identified by using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on this finding, the proline-based cyclic dipeptides, including cyclo(Ser-Pro), cyclo(Tyr-Pro), and cyclo(Leu-Pro), were additionally identified in the filtrates only when fermenting Chinese cabbage produced with Ln. mesenteroides LBP-K06 starter cultures. The detection and isolation of cyclic dipeptides solely in controlled fermented cabbage were conducted under the control of fermentation-process parameters concomitantly with strong CDP selectivity by using a two-consecutive-purification strategy. Interestingly, cyclic dipeptides in the filtrates, when using this strain as a starter, increased with fermentation time. However, no cyclic dipeptides were observed in the filtrates of other fermented products, including other types of kimchi and fermented materials of plant and animal origin. This is the first report to conclusively demonstrate evidence for the existence of antimicrobial cyclic dipeptides produced by Ln. mesenteroides in kimchi. Through filtrates from lactic acid bacterial cultures and from fermented foods, we have also proved a method of combining chromatographic fractionation and mass spectrometry-based analysis for screening cyclic dipeptide profiling, which may allow evaluation of the fermented dairy foods from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew H Kim
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Wu L, Wu H, Chen L, Zhang H, Gao X. Induction of systemic disease resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana by the cyclodipeptides cyclo (l-Pro-l-Pro) and cyclo (d-Pro-d-Pro). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:67-74. [PMID: 26836580 PMCID: PMC6638238 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodipeptides, formed from two amino acids by cyclodehydration, are produced naturally by many organisms, and are known to possess a large number of biological activities. In this study, we found that cyclo (l-Pro-l-Pro) and cyclo (d-Pro-d-Pro) (where Pro is proline) could induce defence responses and systemic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. Treatment with the two cyclodipeptides led to a reduction in disease severity by Phytophthora nicotianae and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infections compared with controls. Both cyclopeptides triggered stomatal closure, induced reactive oxygen species production and stimulated cytosolic calcium ion and nitric oxide production in guard cells. In addition, the application of cyclodipeptides significantly up-regulated the expression of the plant defence gene PR-1a and the PR-1a protein, and increased cellular salicylic acid (SA) levels. These results suggest that the SA-dependent defence pathway is involved in cyclodipeptide-mediated pathogen resistance in N. benthamiana. We report the systemic resistance induced by cyclodipeptides, which sheds light on the potential of cyclodipeptides for the control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjing 210095China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjing 210095China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjing 210095China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjing 210095China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of EducationNanjing 210095China
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Li Y, Li F, Zhu Y, Li X, Zhou Z, Liu C, Zhang W, Tang M. DFT study on reaction mechanisms of cyclic dipeptide generation. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Antiviral effects of Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211 and Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205 and SPM1206 on rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells and a neonatal mouse model. J Microbiol 2015; 53:796-803. [PMID: 26502964 PMCID: PMC7090939 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus is worldwide cause of severe gastroenteritis including severe diarrhea and fatal dehydration in infants and young children. There is an available vaccination program for preventing rotavirus infection, but it has limits and restrictions. Probiotics therapy could be an alternative method of antiviral prevention and modulation against rotavirus infection. In this study, we screened the antiviral activity of probiotic bacteria such as 3 Lactobacillus spp. and 14 Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from young Korean. Three of the bacteria, Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211, Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205, and SPM1206, inhibited human strain Wa rotavirus infection in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, these bacterial strains inhibited rotavirus replication in a rotavirus-infected neonatal mouse model. To clarify the mechanism of inhibition, we investigated gene expression of Interferon (IFN)-signaling components and IFN-inducible antiviral effectors. All 3 probiotics increased IFN-α and IFN-β levels compared with the control. Gene expression of IFNsignaling components and IFN-inducible antiviral effectors also increased. Overall, these results indicate that L. ruminis SPM0211, B. longum SPM1205 and 1206 efficiently inhibit rotavirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Especially, the antiviral effect of Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211 is worthy of notice. This is the first report of L. ruminis with antiviral activity. Anti-rotaviral effects of the 3 probiotics are likely due to their modulation of the immune response through promoting type I IFNs, which are key regulators in IFN signaling pathway.
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Lee K, Jeong JE, Kim IH, Kim KS, Ju BG. Cyclo(phenylalanine-proline) induces DNA damage in mammalian cells via reactive oxygen species. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2851-64. [PMID: 26416514 PMCID: PMC4687708 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) is produced by various organisms such as animals, plants, bacteria and fungi. It has diverse biological functions including anti‐fungal activity, anti‐bacterial activity and molecular signalling. However, a few studies have demonstrated the effect of cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) on the mammalian cellular processes, such as cell growth and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) affects cellular responses associated with DNA damage in mammalian cells. We found that treatment of 1 mM cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) induces phosphorylation of H2AX (S139) through ATM‐CHK2 activation as well as DNA double strand breaks. Gene expression analysis revealed that a subset of genes related to regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and production is suppressed by the cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) treatment. We also found that cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) treatment induces perturbation of the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in increased ROS, especially superoxide, production. Collectively, our study suggests that cyclo(phenylalanine‐proline) treatment induces DNA damage via elevation of ROS in mammalian cells. Our findings may help explain the mechanism underlying the bacterial infection‐induced activation of DNA damage response in host mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hwang Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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Cytotoxicity of cyclodipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 leads to apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:197608. [PMID: 25821788 PMCID: PMC4363556 DOI: 10.1155/2015/197608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of plants and animals, which produces virulence factors in order to infect or colonize its eukaryotic hosts. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) produced by P. aeruginosa exhibit cytotoxic properties toward human tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a CDP mix, comprised of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) that were isolated from P. aeruginosa, on two human cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that the CDP mix promoted cell death in cultures of the HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma and Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.53 and 0.66 mg/mL, for HeLa and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis, using annexin V and propidium iodide as apoptosis and necrosis indicators, respectively, clearly showed that HeLa and Caco-2 cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics when treated with the CDP mix at a concentration <0.001 mg/mL. IC50 values for apoptotic cells in HeLa and Caco-2 cells were 6.5 × 10−5 and 1.8 × 10−4 mg/mL, respectively. Our results indicate that an apoptotic pathway is involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation caused by the P. aeruginosa CDP mix.
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Antiviral effect of flavonol glycosides isolated from the leaf of Zanthoxylum piperitum on influenza virus. J Microbiol 2014; 52:340-4. [PMID: 24682996 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. showed in vitro antiviral activity against influenza A virus. Three flavonol glycosides were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Z. piperitum leaf by means of activity-guided chromatographic separation. Structures of isolated compounds were identified as quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) by comparing their spectral data with literature values. The anti-influenza viral activity of isolates was evaluated using a plaque reduction assay against influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1) virus. The compounds also were subjected to neuraminidase inhibition assay in influenza A/NWS/33 virus. Compounds 1-3 exhibited antiviral activity against an influenza A virus in vitro, and inhibited the neuraminidase activity at relatively high concentrations.
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Kwak MK, Liu R, Kim MK, Moon D, Kim AH, Song SH, Kang SO. Cyclic dipeptides from lactic acid bacteria inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic fungi. J Microbiol 2014; 52:64-70. [PMID: 24390839 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10 was identified to be the most potent antifungal strain from Korean traditional fermented vegetables. The culture filtrate of this strain showed remarkable antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense. Five fractions from the culture filtrate were observed to have an inhibitory effect against G. boninense. Also, the electron ionization and chemical ionization indicated that these compounds might be cyclic dipeptides. Of the five active fractions, two fractions showed the most significant anti-Ganoderma activity, and one of these fractions inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. These compounds were identified to be cis-cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea
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