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Algicidal process and mechanisms of Enterobacter hormaechei F2 revealed by an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. Genomics 2023; 115:110586. [PMID: 36796656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling eutrophication with algicidal bacteria is widely recognized as an effective solution. Here, an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach was used to elucidate the algicidal process of Enterobacter hormaechei F2, which exhibits substantial algicidal activity. At the transcriptome level, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified 1104 differentially expressed genes in the algicidal process of the strain, thus indicating that amino acids, energy metabolism, and signaling-related genes were significantly activated during the algicidal process according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. By analyzing the enriched amino acid and energy metabolism pathways using metabolomics, we identified 38 upregulated and 255 downregulated significantly changed metabolites in the algicidal process and an accumulation of B vitamins, peptides, and energy substances. The integrated analysis demonstrated that energy and amino acid metabolism, co-enzymes and vitamins, and bacterial chemotaxis are the most important pathways for the algicidal process of this strain, and metabolites from these pathways, such as thiomethyladenosine, isopentenyl diphosphate, hypoxanthine, xanthine, nicotinamide, and thiamine, all exhibited algicidal activity.
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2
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Prokaryotic Diversity and Dynamics during Dinoflagellate Bloom Decays in Coastal Tunisian Waters. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can negatively impact marine ecosystems, but few studies have evaluated the microbial diversity associated with HABs and its potential role in the fates of these proliferations. (2) Methods: Marine prokaryotic diversity was investigated using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during the bloom declines of two dinoflagellates detected in the summer of 2019 along the northern and southern Tunisian coasts (South Mediterranean Sea). The species Gymnodinium impudicum (Carthage, Tunis Gulf) and Alexandrium minutum (Sfax, Gabes Gulf) were identified using microscopy and molecular methods and were related to physicochemical factors and prokaryotic compositions. (3) Results: The abundance of G. impudicum decreased over time with decreasing phosphate concentrations. During the G. impudicum bloom decay, prokaryotes were predominated by the archaeal MGII group (Thalassarchaeaceae), Pelagibacterales (SAR11), Rhodobacterales, and Flavobacteriales. At Sfax, the abundance of A. minutum declined with decreasing phosphate concentrations and increasing pH. At the A. minutum peak, prokaryotic communities were largely dominated by anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur-oxidizing Chromatiaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) before decreasing at the end of the survey. Both the ubiquitous archaeal MGII group and Pelagibacterales were found in low proportions during the A. minutum decay. Contrary to the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, the photo-autotrophic and -heterotrophic Rhodobacterales and Flavobacteriales contents remained stable during the dinoflagellate bloom decays. (4) Conclusions: These results indicated changes in prokaryotic community diversity during dinoflagellate bloom decays, suggesting different bacterial adaptations to environmental conditions, with stable core populations that were potentially able to degrade HABs.
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3
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Zheng L, Lin H, Balaji-Prasath B, Su Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yu G. A novel algicidal properties of fermentation products from Pseudomonas sp. Ps3 strain on the toxic red tide dinoflagellate species. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146325. [PMID: 37138597 PMCID: PMC10150927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The viability of both China's offshore fishing operations and the global marine fishing industry is threatened by the occurrence of red tides caused by Gymnodinium catenatum and Karenia mikimotoi. Effective control of these dinoflagellate-mediated red tides has become a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. In this study, High-efficiency marine alginolytic bacteria were isolated and underwent molecular biological identification to confirm their algicidal properties. Based on a combination of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and sequencing results, Strain Ps3 was identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas sp. We examine the effects of algicidal bacteria on the red tide species G. catenatum and K. mikimotoi within an indoor experimental setting. Then gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the structure of the algolytic active substances. This investigation demonstrated that with exposure to the algae-lysis experiment, the Ps3 strain has the best algae-lysis effect, with G. catenatum and K. mikimotoi reaching 83.0 and 78.3%. Our results from the sterile fermentation broth experiment showed that the inhibitory effect on the two red tide algae was positively correlated with the concentration of the treatment. At a treatment concentration of 2.0% (v/v), the 48 h lysis rates of G. catenatum and K. mikimotoi due to exposure to the Ps3 bacterial fermentation broth were 95.2 and 86.7%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the algaecide may be a rapid and effective method to control dinoflagellate blooms, as evidenced by the observed changes in cellular morphology in all cases. In the ethyl acetate phase of Ps3 fermentation broth, the cyclic (leucine-leucine) dipeptide was the most abundant. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of red tide prevention and control and provide a theoretical foundation for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Barathan Balaji-Prasath
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Province Research Centre for River and Lake Health Assessment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuping Su
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Province Research Centre for River and Lake Health Assessment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuping Su,
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guanglang Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Ko SR, Jeong Y, Cho SH, Lee E, Jeong BS, Baek SH, Oh BH, Ahn CY, Oh HM, Cho BK, Cho S. Functional role of a novel algicidal compound produced by Pseudoruegeria sp. M32A2M on the harmful algae Alexandrium catenella. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134535. [PMID: 35405190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A marine phytoplankton dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp. is known to cause worldwide harmful algal blooms, resulting in paralytic shellfish poisoning. In this study, we isolated a novel compound secreted by the marine bacterium Pseudoruegeria sp. M32A2M, and showed that it displays algicidal activity against A. catenella (group I). The molecular structure of the compound was analyzed by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed that the compound was a diketopiperazine, cyclo[Ala-Gly]. Cyclo[Ala-Gly] induced a rapid decrease in the active chlorophyll a content and maximal quantum yield of photosystem II, leading to membrane disintegration after 24 h of its treatment. It showed the highest algicidal effect against diketopiperazines and also showed specific algicidal activities against several dinoflagellate species, but not for diatom species. In particular, cyclo[Ala-Gly] caused the transcriptional downregulation of the photosynthesis-related membrane complex in A. catenella, but not in the diatom Chaetoceros simplex. Based on structural modeling, we elucidated that cyclo[Ala-Gly] has a structure similar to that of plastoquinone, which transfers electrons by binding to the photosystem II core proteins PsbA and PsbD. This suggests a novel role for cyclo[Ala-Gly] as a potential inhibitor of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Ko
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeok Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Perceived Intensification in Harmful Algal Blooms Is a Wave of Cumulative Threat to the Aquatic Ecosystems. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060852. [PMID: 35741373 PMCID: PMC9220063 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious threat to aquatic environments. The intensive expansion of HABs across the world is a warning signal of environmental deterioration. Global climatic change enforced variations in environmental factors causing stressed environments in aquatic ecosystems that favor the occurrence, distribution, and persistence of HABs. Perceived intensification in HABs increases toxin production, affecting the ecological quality as well as serious consequences on organisms including humans. This review outlines the causes and impacts of harmful algal blooms, including algal toxicity, grazing defense, management, control measures, emerging technologies, and their limitations for controlling HABs in aquatic ecosystems. Abstract Aquatic pollution is considered a major threat to sustainable development across the world, and deterioration of aquatic ecosystems is caused usually by harmful algal blooms (HABs). In recent times, HABs have gained attention from scientists to better understand these phenomena given that these blooms are increasing in intensity and distribution with considerable impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Many exogenous factors such as variations in climatic patterns, eutrophication, wind blowing, dust storms, and upwelling of water currents form these blooms. Globally, the HAB formation is increasing the toxicity in the natural water sources, ultimately leading the deleterious and hazardous effects on the aquatic fauna and flora. This review summarizes the types of HABs with their potential effects, toxicity, grazing defense, human health impacts, management, and control of these harmful entities. This review offers a systematic approach towards the understanding of HABs, eliciting to rethink the increasing threat caused by HABs in aquatic ecosystems across the world. Therefore, to mitigate this increasing threat to aquatic environments, advanced scientific research in ecology and environmental sciences should be prioritized.
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Oxidative stress of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by algicidal bacterium Stenotrophomonas sp. KT48. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4329-4340. [PMID: 35604440 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are a worldwide problem with substantial adverse effects on the aquatic environment as well as human health. Among the multiple physicochemical and biotic approaches, algicidal bacterium is one of the most promising and eco-friendly ways to control bloom expansion. In this study, Stenotrophomonas sp. KT48 isolated from the pond where cyanobacterial blooms occurred exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa. However, the algicidal performance and mechanisms of Stenotrophomonas sp. remain under-documented. To explore the algicidal performance and physiological response againt M. aeruginosa, further works were implemented here. Our results indicated that the algicidal rate of strain KT48 cultured in 1/8 LB medium supplemented with 0.3% starch or glucose was about 30% higher than that in 1/8 LB medium. Strain KT48 culture, cell-free filtrate, and cells re-suspended were inoculated into the M. aeruginosa culture, and the Chl-a content was determined. Those results indicated that the algicidal activity of cells re-suspended was far higher than that of cell-free filtrate and culture. Thus, strain KT48 exhibited algicidal activity mainly through direct attacking M. aeruginosa rather than excretion of algicides. Furthermore, strain KT48 led to an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused lipid peroxidation as supported by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The ROS and MDA levels in algal cells treated with strain KT48 cells re-suspended were about 3.23-fold and 2.80-fold higher than those of untreated algal cells on day 11. And a further inhibition to the antioxidant system is suggested by a sharp decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities. In addition, we also observed that the morphology of most algal cells changed from integrity to break. This study not only indicated strain KT48 with strong algicidal activity, but also explored the underlying algicidal mechanisms to provide a source of bacterial agent for the biocontrol of cyanobacterial blooms. KEY POINTS: • Strain KT48 exhibited strong algicidal activity mainly through direct attacking M. aeruginosa. • The addition of glucose could enhance the algicidal rate of strain KT48 by about 30%. • Strain KT48 led to an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level that causes membrane damage as supported by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
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Coyne KJ, Wang Y, Johnson G. Algicidal Bacteria: A Review of Current Knowledge and Applications to Control Harmful Algal Blooms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:871177. [PMID: 35464927 PMCID: PMC9022068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton in aqueous ecosystems are both complex and dynamic, with associations that range from mutualism to parasitism. This review focuses on algicidal interactions, in which bacteria are capable of controlling algal growth through physical association or the production of algicidal compounds. While there is some evidence for bacterial control of algal growth in the field, our understanding of these interactions is largely based on laboratory culture experiments. Here, the range of these algicidal interactions is discussed, including specificity of bacterial control, mechanisms for activity, and insights into the chemical and biochemical analysis of these interactions. The development of algicidal bacteria or compounds derived from bacteria for control of harmful algal blooms is reviewed with a focus on environmentally friendly or sustainable methods of application. Potential avenues for future research and further development and application of bacterial algicides for the control of algal blooms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Coyne
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, United States
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Algicidal Effects of a High-Efficiency Algicidal Bacterium Shewanella Y1 on the Toxic Bloom-Causing Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040239. [PMID: 35447912 PMCID: PMC9024950 DOI: 10.3390/md20040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alexandriumpacificum is a typical toxic bloom-forming dinoflagellate, causing serious damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Many bacteria have been isolated, having algicidal effects on harmful algal species, while few algicidal bacteria have been found to be able to lyse A. pacificum. Herein, an algicidal bacterium, Shewanella Y1, with algicidal activity to the toxic dinoflagellate A. pacificum, was isolated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, and the physiological responses to oxidative stress in A. pacificum were further investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in Shewanella Y1. Y1 exhibited a significant algicidal effect (86.64 ± 5.04% at 24 h) and algicidal activity in an indirect manner. The significant declines of the maximal photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), initial slope of the light limited region (alpha), and maximum relative photosynthetic electron transfer rate (rETRmax) indicated that the Y1 filtrate inhibited photosynthetic activities of A. pacificum. Impaired photosynthesis induced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused strong oxidative damage in A. pacificum, ultimately inducing cell death. These findings provide a better understanding of the biological basis of complex algicidal bacterium-harmful algae interactions, providing a potential source of bacterial agent to control harmful algal blooms.
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Li X, Xia Z, Wang B, Lai L, Wang J, Jiang L, Li T, Wu J, Wang L. Malformin C, an algicidal peptide from marine fungus Aspergillus species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:996-1003. [PMID: 33755843 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A natural compound with the algicidal effect was isolated from the culture medium of Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2 and was identified as malformin C, which was based on the data of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS. Malformin C exhibited dose-dependent algicidal activities against two strains of noxious red tide algae, Akashiwo sanguinea and Chattonella marina. The activity against A. sanguinea was stronger than that against C. marina (the algicidal activity of 58 and 36% at 50 μM treatment for 2 h, respectively). Morphology changes including perforation, plasmolysis, and fragmentation of algal cells were observed. Malformin C induced a significant increase in ROS level, caused the damage of SOD activity, and led to the massive generation of MDA contents in algae cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the cyclic peptide described as an algicidal compound against HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for drug control, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Liwen Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Jue Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for drug control, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Linhai Jiang
- Instumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Tuchan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, PR China.
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Jeong SY, Son HJ. Effects of mycosubtilin homolog algicides from a marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1, against the harmful algal bloom species Cochlodinium polykrikoides. J Microbiol 2021; 59:389-400. [PMID: 33779952 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1, produced algicidal compounds that are notably active against the bloom-forming alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides. We isolated three algicidal compounds and identified these as mycosubtilins with molecular weights of 1056, 1070, and 1084 (designated MS 1056, 1070, and 1084, respectively), based on amino acid analyses and 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including 1H-15N heteronuclear multiple bond correlation analysis. MS 1056 contains a β-amino acid residue with an alkyl side chain of C15, which has not previously been seen in known mycosubtilin families. MS 1056, 1070, and 1084 showed algicidal activities against C. polykrikoides with 6-h LC50 values of 2.3 ± 0.4, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.6 ± 0.1 μg/ml, respectively. These compounds also showed significant algicidal activities against other harmful algal bloom species. In contrast, MS 1084 showed no significant growth inhibitory effects against other organisms, including bacteria and microalgae, although does inhibit the growth of some fungi and yeasts. These observations imply that the algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. SY-1 and its algicidal compounds could play an important role in regulating the onset and development of harmful algal blooms in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical, Daegu Catholic University, Gyengsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Joo Son
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
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Wang M, Yuan WQ, Chen S, Wang L, Zhao S, Li S. Algal Lysis by Sagittula stellata for the Production of Intracellular Valuables. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2516-2533. [PMID: 33779932 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the algicidal bacterium Sagittula stellata on the cell lysis of Nannochloropsis oceanica, a microalga found in the marine environment, in order to extract intracellular valuables. Algicidal bacteria are capable of lysing algal cell walls while keeping lipids and proteins intact yet separated. We obtained these microbes from locations with consistent algae blooms and found that the bacterium Sagittula stellata displayed significant algicidal properties toward Nannochloropsis oceanica, achieving an algicidal rate of 80.1%. We detected a decrease of 66.2% in in vivo fluorescence intensity in algae cultures, obtained a recoverable crude lipid content of 23.3% and a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio of 29.0% of bacteria-treated algae, and observed the lysis of the cell membrane and the structure of the nucleus of algae. We also identified the inhibited transcription of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-related genes and the upregulated heat shock protein (hsp) gene in algal cells during bacterial exposure. Our results indicate that Sagittula stellata effectively lysed microalgae cells, allowing the recovery of intracellular valuables. The algicidal method of Sagittula stellata on Nannochloropsis oceanica cells was confirmed to be a direct attack (or predation), followed by an indirect attack through the secretion of extracellular algicidal compounds. This study provides an important framework for the broad application of algicidal microorganisms in algal cell disruption and the production of intracellular valuables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiao Yuan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Shibao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Baek SS, Kwon YS, Pyo J, Choi J, Kim YO, Cho KH. Identification of influencing factors of A. catenella bloom using machine learning and numerical simulation. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:102007. [PMID: 33980447 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium catenella (A. catenella) is a notorious algal species known to cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in Korean coastal waters. There have been numerous studies on its temporal and spatial blooms in Korea. However, its bloom dynamics have not been fully understood because of the complexity in physical, chemical, and biological environments. This study aims to identify the factors that influence A. catenella blooms by applying a numerical model and machine learning. Intensive monitoring of A. catenella was conducted to investigate temporal variations in its population and its spatial distribution in the area with frequent occurrences of PSP bloom initiation. Moreover, a numerical model was built to analyze the ocean physical factors related to the bloom of A. catenella. Based on the information obtained from the monitored and simulated results, the decision tree (DT) method was applied to identify factors that caused the bloom. The outbreak of A. catenella was observed in the eastern coastal water of Geoje Island in 2017, recording a peak density of 4 × 104 (cell L-1). Retention time and particle scattering demonstrated that the physical force in 2017 was weaker than that in 2018, as shown by the smaller effects of advection and dispersion in 2017. The decision tree model showed that (1) water temperature below 17.21 °C was ideal for the growth of A. catenella, (2) phosphate influenced the growth of the species, and (3) cell density was accelerated with increasing retention time. The results from DT can contribute to the prediction of A. catenella blooms by determining the conditions that cause bloom initiation. Further, they can be used as a practical approach for mitigating HABs. Thus, machine learning and numerical simulation in this study can be a potential approach for effectively managing the bloom of A. catenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Baek
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kwon
- Environmental Impact Assessment Team, Division of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - JongCheol Pyo
- Center for Environmental Data Strategy, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ok Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Pal M, Yesankar PJ, Dwivedi A, Qureshi A. Biotic control of harmful algal blooms (HABs): A brief review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110687. [PMID: 32383649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The water bodies, mainly coastal and lake, remain tainted worldwide, mostly because of the Cyanobacteria harbored in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). The main reason for the flourishing of blooms depends on the eutrophication. Blooms could be toxic as well as non-toxic, depending on the bloom-forming species. The blooms affect the water body, aquatic ecosystem and also dependents like human. A large number of organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, fish and zooplankton have adverse effects on Cyanobacteria either through infection, predation or by the production of the algicidal compounds. It was reported, these microorganisms have species-specific interactions and hence differ in their interaction mechanism. The present review emphasises on the role of selected microbial species and the mechanism they follow for mitigation of HABs. Generally lab-scale entities were reported to involve lytic agents, like cyanobacteriolytic substances, released by bacteria. Cyanobacterial species release Cyanotoxins which may affect the water quality. Growing biotic factors in a large quantity and discharging it into the water-body needs excessive efficacy and economic requisite and hence the feasibility of extrapolation of the laboratory results in the field still finds promiscuity towards mitigation of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Pal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Prerna J Yesankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Ajay Dwivedi
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, India
| | - Asifa Qureshi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India.
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14
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Zhang S, Zheng W, Wang H. Physiological response and morphological changes of Heterosigma akashiwo to an algicidal compound prodigiosin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121530. [PMID: 31699488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur all over the world, producing severely negative effects on human life as well as on marine ecosystems. The algicidal compound, prodigiosin, secreted by algicidal bacteria Hahella sp. KA22 can lyse the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo. This study is aimed to investigate the algicidal mechanism of prodigiosin against H. akashiwo by detecting physiological and morphological responses of H. akashiwo to presence of prodigiosin. The results indicated that prodigiosin showed strong algicidal effects on H. akashiwo at the concentration of 3 μg/mL. Chlorophyll a and protein levels of the microalgae decreased significantly while malonaldehyde levels increased at this concentration. Contents of ascorbic acid and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased fast with the quick decrease of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). For the 3 μg/mL prodigiosin treatment group, transcription of genes related to photosynthesis and respiration were significantly inhibited at 12 h while respiration related genes increased at 24 h. Collectively, the results indicated that prodigiosin could kill the microalgae by inducing ROS overproduction which could destroy the cell integrity and change the antioxidant system levels and functional gene expression. Our results demonstrated that prodigiosin is an effective algicide for the control of harmful algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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15
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Kang JD, Myers CJ, Harris SC, Kakiyama G, Lee IK, Yun BS, Matsuzaki K, Furukawa M, Min HK, Bajaj JS, Zhou H, Hylemon PB. Bile Acid 7α-Dehydroxylating Gut Bacteria Secrete Antibiotics that Inhibit Clostridium difficile: Role of Secondary Bile Acids. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:27-34.e4. [PMID: 30482679 PMCID: PMC6338514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium scindens biotransforms primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, and is correlated with inhibition of Clostridium difficile growth in vivo. The aim of the current study was to determine how C. scindens regulates C. difficile growth in vitro and if these interactions might relate to the regulation of gut microbiome structure in vivo. The bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating gut bacteria, C. scindens and C. sordellii, were found to secrete the tryptophan-derived antibiotics, 1-acetyl-β-carboline and turbomycin A, respectively. Both antibiotics inhibited growth of C. difficile and other gut bacteria. The secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, but not cholic acid, enhanced the inhibitory activity of these antibiotics. These antibiotics appear to inhibit cell division of C. difficile. The results help explain how endogenously synthesized antibiotics and secondary bile acids may regulate C. difficile growth and the structure of the gut microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Christopher J Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Spencer C Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - In-Kyoung Lee
- NPChem, Co. and Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- NPChem, Co. and Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hae-Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
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16
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Shi X, Liu L, Li Y, Xiao Y, Ding G, Lin S, Chen J. Isolation of an algicidal bacterium and its effects against the harmful-algal- bloom dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense (Dinophyceae). HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 80:72-79. [PMID: 30502814 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between algicidal bacteria and harmful-algal-bloom-forming dinoflagellates is understudied and their action modes are largely uncharacterized. In this study, an algicidal bacterium (FDHY-03) was isolated from a bloom of Prorocentrum donghaiense and the characteristics of its action against P. donghaiense was investigated at physiological, molecular, biochemical and cytological levels. 16S rDNA sequence analysis placed this strain in the genus of Alteromonas in the subclass of γ-proteobacteria. Algicidal activity was detected in the bacterial filtrate, suggesting a secreted algicidal principle from this bacterium. Strain FDHY-03 showed algicidal activity on a broad range of HAB-forming species, but the greatest effect was found on P. donghaiense, which showed 91.7% mortality in 24 h of challenge. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated that the megacytic growth zone of P. donghaiense cells was the major target of the algicidal action of FDHY-03. When treated with FDHY-03 culture filtrate, P. donghaiense cell wall polysaccharides decreased steadily, suggesting that the algicidal activity occurred through the digestion of cell wall polysaccharides. To verify this proposition, the expression profile of beta-glucosidase gene in FDHY-03 cultures with or without P. donghaiense cell addition was investigated using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. The gene expression level increased in the presence of P. donghaiense cells, indicative of beta-glucosidase induction by P. donghaiense and the enzyme's role in this dinoflagellate's demise. This study has isolated a new bacterial strain with a strong algicidal capability, documented its action mode and biochemical mechanism, providing a potential source of bacterial agent to control P. donghaiense blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Shi
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yue Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Guangmao Ding
- Monitoring Center of Marine Environment and Fishery Resources, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, United States
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China.
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17
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Meyer N, Bigalke A, Kaulfuß A, Pohnert G. Strategies and ecological roles of algicidal bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:880-899. [PMID: 28961821 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In both freshwater and marine ecosystems, phytoplankton are the most dominant primary producers, contributing substantially to aquatic food webs. Algicidal bacteria that can associate to microalgae from the phytoplankton have the capability to control the proliferation and even to lyse them. These bacteria thus play an important role in shaping species composition in pelagic environments. In this review, we discuss and categorise strategies used by algicidal bacteria for the attack on microalgae. We highlight the complex regulation of algicidal activity and defence responses that govern alga-bacteria interactions. We also discuss how algicidal bacteria impact algal physiology and metabolism and survey the existing algicidal metabolites and enzymes. The review illustrates that the ecological role of algicidal bacteria is not yet fully understood and critically discusses the challenges in obtaining ecologically relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Meyer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arite Bigalke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anett Kaulfuß
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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18
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Alberdi-Cedeño J, Ibargoitia ML, Guillén MD. Bioactive compounds detected for the first time in corn oil: Cyclic dipeptides and other nitrogenated compounds. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Tan S, Hu X, Yin P, Zhao L. Photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress to the toxic Phaeocystis globosa caused by a diketopiperazine isolated from products of algicidal bacterium metabolism. J Microbiol 2016; 54:364-75. [PMID: 27095455 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria have been turned out to be available for inhibiting Phaeocystis globosa which frequently caused harmful algal blooms and threatened to economic development and ecological balance. A marine bacterium Bacillus sp. Ts-12 exhibited significant algicidal activity against P. globosa by indirect attack. In present study, an algicidal compound was isolated by silica gel column, Sephadex G-15 column and HPLC, further identified as hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, cyclo-(Pro-Gly), by GC-MS and (1)H-NMR. Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) significantly increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within P. globosa cells, further activating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The increase in methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content showed that the surplus ROS induced lipid peroxidation on membrane system. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed that cyclo-(Pro-Gly) caused reduction of Chl-a content, destruction of cell membrane integrity, chloroplasts and nuclear structure. Real-time PCR assay showed that the transcriptions of photosynthesis related genes (psbA, psbD, rbcL) were significantly inhibited. This study indicated that cyclo-(Pro-Gly) from marine Bacillus sp. Ts-12 exerted photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress to P. globosa and eventually led to the algal cells lysis. This algicidal compound might be potential bio-agent for controlling P. globosa red tide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Pinghe Yin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.
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