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Meng L, Ding K, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Huo H, Yu D, Tian D, Li Z. Application of phosphogypsum and phosphate-solubilizing fungi to Pb remediation: From simulation to in vivo incubation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173171. [PMID: 38740208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the produced solid waste during phosphorus (P) extraction from phosphate rocks. PG is featured by its abundant PO43- and SO42-. This study investigated the utilization of PG as a material for lead (Pb) remediation, with the assistance of functional fungus. Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is a typical phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF), which has high ability to secret organic acids. Oxalic acid is its major secreted organic acid, which is often applied to enhance the P release from phosphate minerals. In this study, synthetic oxalic acid increased the immobilization rate of Pb2+ up to >99 % with the addition of PG. Then, it was observed that biogenic oxalic acid from A. niger can achieve comparable remediation effects. This was due to that PG could provide sufficient P for fungal growth, which allowed sustainable remediation. Subsequently, oxalic acid secreted by A. niger significantly increased the release of active P from PG, and then induced the formation of PPb minerals. In addition, other metabolites of A. niger (such as tyrosine-like substance) can also be complexed with Pb2+. Simultaneously, A. niger did not induce evidently elevation water-soluble fluorine (F) as PG contained abundant Ca2+. Moreover, this study elucidated that oversupply of PG promoted the formation of anglesite (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-8, relatively unstable), whereas the formation of lead oxalate (Ksp = 4.8 × 10-10, relatively stable) was reduced. This study hence shed a bright light on the sustainable utilization of PG for fungus-assisted remediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kejin Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yige Qiu
- Jiangsu Suhe Radiation Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Hongxun Huo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Dan Yu
- North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Beijing 100120, China.
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, Hefei 230036, China; Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Guan Q, Cheng X, He Y, Yan Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang L, Tian D. Lead remediation by geological fluorapatite combined with Penicillium Oxalicum and Red yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 38402158 PMCID: PMC10893623 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing fungi Penicillium oxalicum (POX) and Red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Rho) have been applied in Pb remediation with the combination of fluorapatite (FAp), respectively. The secretion of oxalic acid by POX and the production of extracellular polymers (EPS) by Rho dominate the Pb remediation. In this study, the potential of Pb remediation by the fungal combined system (POX and Rho) with FAp was investigated. After six days of incubation, the combination of POX and Rho showed the highest Pb remove ratio (99.7%) and the lowest TCLP-Pb concentration (2.9 mg/L). The EPS combined with POX also enhanced Pb remediation, which has a 99.3% Pb removal ratio and 5.5 mg/L TCLP-Pb concentration. Meanwhile, Rho and EPS can also stimulate POX to secrete more oxalic acid, which reached 1510.1 and 1450.6 mg/L in six days, respectively. The secreted oxalic acid can promote FAp dissolution and the formation of lead oxalate and pyromorphite. Meanwhile, the EPS produced by Rho can combine with Pb to form EPS-Pb. In the combined system of POX + Rho and POX + EPS, all of the lead oxalate, pyromorphite, and EPS-Pb were observed. Our findings suggest that the combined application of POX and Rho with FAp is an effective approach for enhancing Pb remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guan
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Yue He
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yifan Yan
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Zhan Wang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Peoples Republic of China, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, No. 8, Jiangwang Miao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China.
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Wang L, Tian D, Zhang X, Han M, Cheng X, Ye X, Zhang C, Gao H, Li Z. The Regulation of Phosphorus Release by Penicillium chrysogenum in Different Phosphate via the TCA Cycle and Mycelial Morphology. J Microbiol 2023; 61:765-775. [PMID: 37665553 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) efficiently dissolve insoluble phosphates through the production of organic acids. This study investigates the mechanisms of organic acid secretion by PSF, specifically Penicillium chrysogenum, under tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, Ca-P) and ferric phosphate (FePO4, Fe-P) conditions. Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited higher phosphorus (P) release efficiency from Ca-P (693.6 mg/L) than from Fe-P (162.6 mg/L). However, Fe-P significantly enhanced oxalic acid (1193.7 mg/L) and citric acid (227.7 mg/L) production by Penicillium chrysogenum compared with Ca-P (905.7 and 3.5 mg/L, respectively). The presence of Fe-P upregulated the expression of genes and activity of enzymes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. Additionally, Fe-P upregulated the expression of chitinase and endoglucanase genes, inducing a transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum mycelial morphology from pellet to filamentous. The filamentous morphology exhibited higher efficiency in oxalic acid secretion and P release from Fe-P and Ca-P. Compared with pellet morphology, filamentous morphology enhanced P release capacity by > 40% and > 18% in Ca-P and Fe-P, respectively. This study explored the strategies employed by PSF to improve the dissolution of different insoluble phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Han
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic SolidWaste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Wang P, Wei H, Ke T, Fu Y, Zeng Y, Chen C, Chen L. Characterization and genome analysis of Acinetobacter oleivorans S4 as an efficient hydrocarbon-degrading and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138732. [PMID: 37127201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have received increasing attention for assisting phytoremediation. However, the effect of PGPR on total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation and plant growth promotion and its underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this study, phenotypic analysis and whole genome sequencing were conducted to comprehensively characterize a newly isolated rhizobacterium strain S4, which was identified as Acinetobacter oleivorans, from a TPH-contaminated soil. The strain degraded 62.5% of initially spiked diesel (1%) in minimal media within six days and utilized n-alkanes with a wide range of chain length (i.e., C12 to C40). In addition, the strain showed phenotypic traits beneficial to plant growth, including siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid synthesis and phosphate solubilization. Potential metabolic pathways and genes encoding proteins responsible for the phenotypic traits were identified. In a real TPH-contaminated soil, inoculation of Acinetobacter oleivorans S4 significantly enhanced the growth of tall fescue relative to the soil without inoculation. In contrast, inoculation of Bacillus sp. Z7, a hydrocarbon-degrading strain, showed a negligible effect on the growth of tall fescue. The removal efficiency of TPH with inoculation of Acinetobacter oleivorans S4 was significantly higher than those without inoculation or inoculation of Bacillus sp. Z7. These results suggested that traits of PGPR beneficial to plant growth are critical to assist phytoremediation. Furthermore, heavy metal resistance genes and benzoate and phenol degradation genes were found in the genome of Acinetobacter oleivorans S4, suggesting its application potential in broad scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Haiying Wei
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Tan Ke
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yaojia Fu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chaoqi Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Tian D, Zhang X, Wang L, Han M, Zhang C, Ye X. Lead remediation is promoted by phosphate-solubilizing fungi and apatite via the enhanced production of organic acid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1180431. [PMID: 37064227 PMCID: PMC10097878 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1180431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants in the environment, which can indirectly or directly threaten human health. Lead immobilization by apatite can reduce the effectiveness of Pb cations via the formation of pyromorphite (Pyro). However, the formation of Pyro is always depending on the release of phosphorus (P) from apatite. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) can secrete large amounts of organic acid to promote the release of P from apatite. Although the combination of PSF and apatite has shown a huge potential in Pb remediation, this pathway needs to be more attention, especially for organic acid secretion by PSF. This research mainly reviews the possible pathway to strengthen Pb immobilization by PSF and apatite. Meanwhile, the limitation of this approach is also reviewed, with the aim of a better stabilizing effect of Pb in the environment and promoting the development of these remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxue Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaochun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chaochun Zhang, ; Xinxin Ye,
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources P. R. C, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chaochun Zhang, ; Xinxin Ye,
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Su L, Hu L, Sui Q, Ding C, Fang D, Zhou L. Improvement of fungal extraction of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash by Aspergillus niger using sludge filtrate as nutrient substrate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:25-35. [PMID: 36516581 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungal extraction is a promising approach for reclaiming phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge ash (SSA). However, this approach faces notable technical and economic challenges, including an unknown P speciation evolution and the addition of expensive chemical organic carbon. In this study, the use of an organic-rich effluent produced in sludge dewatering as nutrient source is proposed to initiate the fungal extraction of SSA-borne P with Aspergillus niger. The changes in P speciation in the ash during fungal treatment was analyzed by combined sequential extraction, solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and P X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. Results showed that after 5 days of fungal treatment using sludge-derived organics, 85 % of P was leached from SSA. Dominantly, this considerable release of P resulted from the dissolution of Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4, and Mg3(PO4)2 in the ash, and their individual contribution rates to P released accounted for 28.0 %, 24.3 %, 20.6 %, and 18.8 %, respectively. After removal of metal cations (e.g., Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, and heavy metals) by cation exchange resin (CER), a hydroxyapatite (HAP) product with a purity of > 85 % was harvested from the extract by precipitation with CaCl2. By contrast, without CER purification, a crude product of Ca/Mg-carbonates and phosphates mixture were obtained from this extract. A total of 73.2 wt% of P was ultimately recovered from SSA through integrated fungal extraction, CER purification, and HAP crystallization. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the development of waste management strategies for improved P reclamation with minimal chemical organics consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Su
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qinghong Sui
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Di Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
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Pan S, Li Z, Wang J, Li X, Meng L, Chen Y, Su M, Li Z. Electron microscopic imaging and NanoSIMS investigation on physiological responses of Aspergillus niger under Pb(II) and Cd(II) stress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1096384. [PMID: 36714633 PMCID: PMC9877628 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1096384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the bioremediation process, coexistence of lead (Pb) and cadmium causes complex toxicity, resulting in the difficulty of bioremediation. This study investigated the physiological responses and bioaccumulation mechanisms of the typical filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger under the coexistence of Pb and Cd. Four treatments were set up, i.e., control, sole Pb, sole Cd, and coexistence of Pb and Cd. The morphology of A. niger were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Then, nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) was applied to accurately investigate the distribution of heavy metals in the fungal cells under the coexistence of Pb and Cd. Finally, the metallogenic process and mineral types were simulated by Geochemist's Workbench (GWB). The electron microscopic and NanoSIMS imaging showed that Pb and Cd were accumulated in both the extracellular and intracellular regions of the A. niger cells. In particular, the accumulated Pb content was ten times higher than that of Cd. However, Cd showed stronger toxicity than Pb to A. niger. Compared with the control treatment, Cd stress resulted in a two-fold increase of cell diameter and more extracellular substances, whereas the cell diameter increased nearly four times in the coexistence treatment. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of Pb was more intense than that of Cd during competitive sorption. The GWB simulation confirmed that Pb2+ can form multiple minerals (e.g., PbC2O4, PbHPO4, and Pb3(PO4)2, etc.), which significantly weakened its toxicity on the cell surface. This study elucidated the morphological characteristics of A. niger and competitive bioaccumulation under the coexistence of Pb and Cd, which would facilitate the application of microorganisms to the bioremediation of coexisted metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Pan
- College of Agro-grassland Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Shang Pan, ; Zhen Li,
| | - Zhaoyan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingzi Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Shang Pan, ; Zhen Li,
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8
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Nematophagous Fungi: A Review of Their Phosphorus Solubilization Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010137. [PMID: 36677427 PMCID: PMC9867276 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematophagous fungi (NF) are a group of diverse fungal genera that benefit plants. The aim of this review is to increase comprehension about the importance of nematophagous fungi and their role in phosphorus solubilization to favor its uptake in agricultural ecosystems. They use different mechanisms, such as acidification in the medium, organic acids production, and the secretion of enzymes and metabolites that promote the bioavailability of phosphorus for plants. This study summarizes the processes of solubilization, in addition to the mechanisms of action and use of NF on crops, evidencing the need to include innovative alternatives for the implementation of microbial resources in management plans. In addition, it provides information to help understand the effect of NF to make phosphorus available for plants, showing how these biological means promote phosphorus uptake, thus improving productivity and yield.
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Phosphorus-Solubilizing Capacity of Mortierella Species Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil of a Poplar Plantation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122361. [PMID: 36557615 PMCID: PMC9785298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main nutrients necessary for plant growth and development. Phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms may convert insoluble phosphorus in soil into available phosphorus that plants can easily absorb and utilize. In this study, four phosphorus-solubilizing fungi (L3, L4, L5, and L12) were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a poplar plantation in Dongtai, Jiangsu Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA sequences showed that the ITS and 28S sequences of isolates were the most similar to those of Mortierella. Morphological observation showed that most colonies grew in concentric circles and produced spores under different culture conditions. These results and further microscopic observations showed that these isolated fungi belonged to the genus Mortierella. Pikovskaya (PKO) medium, in which tricalcium phosphate was the sole phosphorus source, was used to screen strain L4 with the best phosphorus-solubilizing effect for further study. When the carbon source was glucose, the nitrogen source was ammonium chloride, the pH was 5, and the available phosphorus content was the highest. By exploring the possible mechanism of phosphorus release by phosphorus-solubilizing fungi, it was found that strain L4 produces several organic acids, such as oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and citric acid. At 24 h, the alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities reached 154.72 mol/(L·h) and 120.99 mol/(L·h), respectively.
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Geng Y, Pan S, Zhang L, Qiu J, He K, Gao H, Li Z, Tian D. Phosphorus biogeochemistry regulated by carbonates in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113894. [PMID: 35868580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphates are the dominant phosphorus (P) source on Earth. The phosphates govern available P in soil, or even the complete ecosystem. The common deficiency of available P in carbonate-enriched soils suggests the tight correlation between P and C biogeochemistry, although the two elements have diverse abundance in soil. The influences of carbonates on P cycle were reviewed in this study, via both abiotic and biotic pathways. The abiotic processes at geochemical scale include element release, transport, sorption, desorption, weathering, precipitation, etc. The sorption of P on carbonate and buffering ability of carbonates were particularly addressed. Biotic factors are ascribed to various microorganisms in soil. As the most active P pool in soil, microorganisms prefer to consume abundant P, and then accumulate it in their biomass. Carbonates, however, are usually utilized by microorganisms after conversion to organic C. Meanwhile, extracellular precipitation of Ca-P phases significantly regulates the transportation of P in/out the cells. Moreover, they boost and complexify both carbonates and P turnover in soil via bioweathering and biomineralization, i.e., the intense interactions between biosphere and lithosphere. Based on this review, we proposed that carbonates may negatively affect P supply in soil system. This comprehensive review regarding the regulation by carbonates on P biogeochemistry would shed a light on predicting long-term P availability influenced by C biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Geng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shang Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kun He
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Meng L, Pan S, Zhou L, Santasup C, Su M, Tian D, Li Z. Evaluating the survival of Aspergillus niger in a highly polluted red soil with addition of Phosphogypsum and bioorganic fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76446-76455. [PMID: 35670942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) can enhance P release from phosphate minerals to immobilize heavy metals. However, this promotion substantially depends on their survival in highly polluted soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of PSF after addition of phosphogypsum (PG) and bioorganic fertilizer (BF) in the soil with coexistence of multiple heavy metals, e.g., Pb, As, Cd, Sb, etc. Addition of typical PSF (Aspergillus niger) did not promote the formation of pyromorphite (the most stable form of Pb), possibly due to the buffering effect of the soil (the secreted oxalic acid was neutralized) and limited P supply. Meanwhile, despite that A. niger has high tolerance to heavy metal stress, its survival was significantly declined due to the deficiency of available P. It was also shown that PG, as the major by-product in phoschemical industry, still has relatively high available P compared with common natural soils. PG addition dramatically increased available P (up to 93.87 mg/kg) and the subsequent fungal growth. However, sole PG did not promote the formation of pyromorphite, probably as the abundant Fe2+ and Mn2+ prevented the contact between PO43- and Pb2+ in the soil system. The enhanced soil respiration after addition of BF and PG confirmed the promoted microbial activity (elevated to 3465.58 μg C kg h-1). This study showed PG's potential as P source for both microbial growth and heavy metal remediation in soil system. A combination of PG, A. niger, and BF can hence achieve long-term bioremediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shang Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Choochad Santasup
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mu Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Tian
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-Restoration, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang L, Guan H, Hu J, Feng Y, Li X, Yusef KK, Gao H, Tian D. Aspergillus niger Enhances Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus Release from Wheat Straw by Secretion of Degrading Enzymes and Oxalic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10738-10746. [PMID: 36027054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanisms of crop straw degradation and phosphorus (P) release by phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF), a typical PSF Aspergillus niger (A. niger, ANG) was investigated for the degradation of wheat straw (WST) in this work. The results revealed that A. niger significantly increased wheat straw degradation (30%) compared with no A. niger treatment (7.7%). Meanwhile, more than 92% of total P was released from WST by A. niger, much higher than from WST treatment (69.5%). Although the ratios of inorganic P release between WST and WST + ANG treatments were similar (17.6 vs 19.7%), a significant difference occurred between their release of organic P, i.e., WST (51.9%) vs WST + ANG (72.5%). The high enzyme activity of β-1,4-glucanase and β-glucosidase produced by A. niger contributed to the wheat straw degradation and organic P release compared with no A. niger treatment. Oxalic acid secreted by A. niger dominated the release of inorganic P from WST. Our findings suggested that A. niger is an efficient microbial agent for crop straw degradation and P release, which could be a candidate in the pathway of straw return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kianpoor Kalkhajeh Yusef
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Tian D, Cheng X, Wang L, Hu J, Zhou N, Xia J, Xu M, Zhang L, Gao H, Ye X, Zhang C. Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Water by Red Yeast and Different Types of Phosphate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:775058. [PMID: 35387302 PMCID: PMC8979109 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.775058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorulamucilaginosa (Rho) can secrete large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to resist lead (Pb) toxicity. Phosphate is an effective material for the remediation of Pb. This study explored the Pb remediation by the combination of Rho and different types of phosphate in water. To do so, four phosphates, namely, ferric phosphate (FePO4, Fe-P), aluminum phosphate (AlPO4, Al-P), calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2, Ca-P], and phosphogypsum (PG) were employed along with Rho. Compared with Rho application, the addition of phosphate significantly promoted the secretion of EPS by Rho (21–25 vs 16 mg). The formed EPS-Pb contributes to the Pb immobilization in the combination of Rho and phosphate. After 6 days of incubation, Rho + phosphate treatments immobilized over 98% of Pb cations, which is significantly higher than Rho treatment (94%). Of all Rho + phosphate treatments, Ca-P and PG-amended Rho had higher secretion of EPS, resulting in higher Pb removal. Nevertheless, PG had the highest efficiency for Pb removal compared with other phosphates, which reached 99.9% after 6 days of incubation. Likewise, new Pb minerals, such as pyromorphite and lead sulfate, only appeared in Rho + PG treatment. Altogether, this study concludes on the combined application of Rho and phosphate as an efficient approach to promote Pb remediation, particularly using PG waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tian
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Meiyue Xu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinxin Ye, ; Chaochun Zhang,
| | - Chaochun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Research Centre of Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinxin Ye, ; Chaochun Zhang,
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