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Lan J, Fang M, Duan L, Liu Z, Wang G, Wu Q, Fan K, Huang D, Ye Y, Wan G, Tang Y, Song D. Novel Porcine Getah Virus from Diarrheal Piglets in Jiangxi Province, China: Prevalence, Genome Sequence, and Pathogenicity. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2980. [PMID: 39457910 PMCID: PMC11503733 DOI: 10.3390/ani14202980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. Its infection poses an increasing threat to animals and public health in China. In this study, an epidemiological survey of GETV on 46 pig farms in Jiangxi Province, China, was performed; GETV isolation and characterization were carried out, including a complete sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis; and pathogenicity of the GETV was experimentally investigated by inoculating newborn piglets with the isolated GETV strain. Epidemiological studies conducted on the organs of infected pigs, aborted piglets, and the blood of aborted sows sampled from pig farms in Jiangxi Province, China, demonstrated that 44 out of the 46 pig farms were positive for GETV, which is a positivity rate of 95.65% (44/46). Of the 411 samples tested, 47.93% (197/411) were found positive for GETV. A GETV strain called GETV-JX-CHN-22 was obtained, which showed stable proliferation in Vero cells. One-step growth curve results showed that the GETV-JX-CHN-22-P7 (passage 7) isolate reached a peak titer of 108.3 TCID50/mL at 24 hpi. An analysis of the whole-genome sequencing results showed that GETV-JX-CHN-22 (prototype) and GETV-JX-CHN-22-P7 shared nucleotide sequence similarities of 95.3% to 99.6% with 73 reference strains of GETV in GenBank. Genetic evolution analysis revealed that GETV-JX-CHN-22 and GETV-JX-CHN-22-P7 belonged to the GIII group, the same group members of most strains were reported in China. Animal inoculation experiments indicated that piglets exhibited typical symptoms and pathological changes of GETV infection after 24 h inoculation, which reproduced the pathogenicity of GETV field strain infections in piglets. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the detection and isolation of porcine GETV associated with diarrhea from pig farms in Jiangxi Province, China. It is of great importance to study the infection spectrum, transmission mechanism, and public health significance of GETV. The results provide foundations for the genomic and biological (pathogenic) characteristics of the circulating GETV in Jiangxi Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Lan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Mengtao Fang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Leilei Duan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Guanggao Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Gen Wan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Deping Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (J.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.); (Z.L.); (G.W.); (Q.W.); (K.F.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Takeishi M, Morikawa S, Kuwata R, Kawaminami M, Shimoda H, Isawa H, Maeda K, Yoshikawa Y. Characterization and arbovirus susceptibility of cultured CERNI cells derived from sika deer (Cervus nippon). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00933-z. [PMID: 38961045 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cervus nippon (sika deer) are widely distributed throughout eastern Asia. Deer possess a variety of antibodies against several zoonotic pathogens, indicating that they act as reservoir of zoonoses. In this study, we reported the characterization of cultured cells derived from sika deer and evaluated their susceptibility to arthropod-borne viruses to clarify their usefulness in virological studies. Cells derived from testicular tissue in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium with 16% fetal bovine serum started growing as primary cultured cells. The diploid cells consisted of 68 chromosomes, consistent with those of Japanese sika deer previously reported. The phylogenetic analysis showed the cells formed a robust clade with Japanese population of C. nippon, indicating that the cultured cells established in this study were originated from the Japanese sika deer. The cells immortalized by the simian virus 40 T-antigen were predominantly spindle-shaped cells exhibiting adhesive properties, and cultivated at 37°C and 5% CO2, which are common culture conditions for many mammalian cell lines. Western blotting analysis indicated that the cultured cells were multiple types of cells that coexist, including at least epithelial, fibroblast, and also Leydig cells. We confirmed that the cells have susceptibility to several arboviruses distributed in Japan: Getah virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Oz virus, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, but not to Tarumiz tick virus. From these results, the cells contribute to clarify the role of sika deer as a reservoir of zoonoses in nature and deer-associated experimental research at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeishi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan.
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
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Li F, Zhang B, Xu Z, Jiang C, Nei M, Xu L, Zhao J, Deng H, Sun X, Zhou Y, Zhu L. Getah Virus Infection Rapidly Causes Testicular Damage and Decreases Sperm Quality in Male Mice. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883607. [PMID: 35548045 PMCID: PMC9083227 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that can cause infection in many animals. It can cause pyrexia and reproductive losses in animals. The objective of the study was to explore the effects of GETV on male reproductive ability. Male mice were injected with 100 × TCID50/0.1 ml in a volume of 100-μL GETV in their hindquarter muscle, resulting in decreased semen quality and testicular histopathological changes, and the virus was detected in the testes. At 0.5 dpi (day post-infection), male mice showed decreased sperm density, motility, and decreased serum testosterone concentration, an increased sperm malformation rate, vacuoles in spermatogonial cells/spermatocytes in spermatogenic tubules, and the highest virus copies in testis. At 2 dpi, the sperm density and motility reached the lowest value of 3.99 × 106/ml and 62.03%, and the malformation rate reached 43.67%. At 28 dpi, the sperm indexes of the experimental group gradually approached that of the control group, but there were still significant differences. Since then, histopathological changes have worsened, with the most severe histopathological changes at 7 dpi and gradual recovery. Up to 14 dpi, the virus was detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, which showed that the virus was only present in the testicular interstitium. GETV infection can rapidly enter the testis of mice and reduce the semen quality of mice, which needs to be paid attention to in the prevention and control of GETV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Techlex Food Co., Ltd., Mianyang, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mincai Nei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuancheng Zhou
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Ling Zhu
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