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Son DS, Done KA, Son J, Izban MG, Virgous C, Lee ES, Adunyah SE. Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Obesity-Induced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Disrupting Cell Cycle, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Immune Contexture, and Proinflammatory Signature. Nutrients 2024; 16:2101. [PMID: 38999849 PMCID: PMC11243652 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with one-fifth of cancer deaths, and breast cancer is one of the obesity-related cancers. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, leading to the absence of these therapeutic targets, followed by poor overall survival. We investigated if obesity could hasten TNBC progression and intermittent fasting (IF) could attenuate the progression of obesity-related TNBC. Our meta-analysis of the TNBC outcomes literature showed that obesity led to poorer overall survival in TNBC patients. Fasting-mimicking media reduced cell proliferation disrupted the cell cycle, and decreased cell migration and invasion. IF decreased body weight in obese mice but no change in normal mice. Obese mice exhibited elevated plasma glucose and cholesterol levels, increased tumor volume and weight, and enhanced macrophage accumulation in tumors. The obesity-exacerbated TNBC progression was attenuated after IF, which decreased cyclin B1 and vimentin levels and reduced the proinflammatory signature in the obesity-associated tumor microenvironment. IF attenuated obesity-induced TNBC progression through reduced obesity and tumor burdens in cell and animal experiments, supporting the potential of a cost-effective adjuvant IF therapy for TNBC through lifestyle change. Further evidence is needed of these IF benefits in TNBC, including from human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Kaitlyn A. Done
- Biochemistry Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Jubin Son
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michael G. Izban
- Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Carlos Virgous
- Animal Core Facility, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA;
| | - Samuel E. Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
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Wądzyńska J, Simiczyjew A, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Kot M, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. The impact of cellular elements of TME on melanoma biology and its sensitivity to EGFR and MET targeted therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119549. [PMID: 37506884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironment of the melanoma consists of cellular elements like fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes as well as extracellular matrix and physicochemical conditions. In our previous research, we have established that melanoma influences strongly above mentioned cells present in the tumor niche and recruits them to support cancer progression. In this work, we evaluated the impact of cancer-associated cells, namely fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes (CAAs), and keratinocytes (CAKs) on melanoma proliferation, signaling pathways activation, metabolism as well as the effectiveness of used anti-cancer therapy. Obtained results indicated elevated phosphorylation of STAT3, upregulated GLUT1 and GLUT3 as well as downregulated of MCT-1 expression level in melanoma cells under the influence of all examined cells present in the tumor niche. The proliferation of melanoma cells was increased after co-culture with CAFs and CAKs, while epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers' expression level was raised in the presence of CAFs and CAAs. The level of perilipin 2 and lipid content was elevated in melanoma cells under the influence of CAAs. Moreover, increased expression of CYP1A1, gene encoding drug metabolizing protein, in melanoma cells co-cultured with CAFs and CAKs prompted us to verify the effectiveness of the previously proposed by us anti-melanoma therapy based on combination of EGFR and MET inhibitors. Obtained results indicate that the designed therapy is still efficient, even if the fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes, are present in the melanoma vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wądzyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Kot
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Simiczyjew A, Wądzyńska J, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Kot M, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Melanoma cells induce dedifferentiation and metabolic changes in adipocytes present in the tumor niche. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:58. [PMID: 37481560 PMCID: PMC10363323 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the factors that affect the progression of melanoma is the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular elements, extracellular matrix, acidification, and a hypoxic state. Adipocytes are one of the types of cell present in the niche and are localized in the deepest layer of the skin. However, the relationship between fat cells and melanoma remains unclear. METHODS We assessed the influence of melanoma cells on adipocytes using an indirect coculture system. We estimated the level of cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA) markers through quantitative PCR analysis. The fibroblastic phenotype of CAAs was confirmed by cell staining and western blotting analysis. The lipid content was estimated by lipid detection in CAAs using LipidSpot and by quantitative analysis using Oil Red O. The expression of proteins involved in lipid synthesis, delipidation, and metabolic processes were assessed through quantitative PCR or western blotting analysis. Lactate secretion was established using a Lactate-Glo™ assay. Proteins secreted by CAAs were identified in cytokine and angiogenesis arrays. The proliferation of melanoma cells cocultured with CAAs was assessed using an XTT proliferation assay. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test in GraphPad Prism 7 software. RESULTS Obtained CAAs were identified by decreased levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and FABP4. Adipocytes cocultured with melanoma presented fibroblastic features, such as a similar proteolytic pattern to that of 3T3L1 fibroblasts and increased levels of vimentin and TGFβRIII. Melanoma cells led to a reduction of lipid content in CAAs, possibly by downregulation of lipid synthesis pathways (lower FADS, SC4MOL, FASN) or enhancement of lipolysis (higher level of phosphorylation of ERK and STAT3). Adipocytes cocultured with melanoma cells secreted higher IL6 and SerpinE1 levels and produced less CCL2, CXCL1, and angiogenic molecules. CAAs also showed metabolic changes comprising the increased secretion of lactate and enhanced production of glucose, lactate, and ion transporters. In addition, changes in adipocytes observed following melanoma coculture resulted in a higher proliferation rate of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma cells led to decreased lipid content in adipocytes, which might be related to enhanced delipidation or reduction of lipid synthesis. Fibroblast-like CAAs showed metabolic changes that may be the reason for accelerated proliferation of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Wądzyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Kot
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ye J, Tang H, Xie C, Han W, Shen G, Qian Y, Xu J. Identification of sterile a-motif domain-containing 9-like as a potential biomarker in patients with cutaneous melanoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15634. [PMID: 37426410 PMCID: PMC10329423 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for approximately 75% of skin cancer-related fatalities annually. Sterile a-motif domain-containing 9-like (SAMD9L) has been found to regulate cell proliferation and suppress the neoplastic phenotype, but its specific role in SKCM remains unknown. To investigate the cancer-associated immunology of SKCM and the role of SAMD9L in tumor progression, we conducted an integrative bioinformatics analysis that revealed elevated expression levels of SAMD9L in SKCM. ROC curves and survival analyses confirmed the considerable diagnostic and prognostic abilities of SAMD9L. Moreover, a real-world cohort of 35 SKCM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University showed that higher expression levels of SAMD9L were associated with better prognosis. We performed validation experiments, including cell culture, generation of lentiviral-transfected SKCM cell lines, cell proliferation assay, and transwell assay, which demonstrated that down-regulation of SAMD9L significantly promoted proliferation and migration capacities of SKCM cells. Additionally, SAMD9L expression was found to be strongly linked to immune infiltration. Our results revealed a positive correlation between SAMD9L and XAF1 expression, suggesting that SAMD9L may serve as a prospective prognostic indicator of SKCM with co-expressed XAF1 gene. In summary, our findings indicate that SAMD9L may serve as a promising prognostic and therapeutic biomarker and play a critical role in tumor-immune interactions in SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsen Ye
- The Department of Scientific Education, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haidan Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanrui Xie
- The Department of Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Rongcheng, Rongcheng, China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Munich, Germany
| | - Guoliang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Munich, Germany
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Mavatkar AD, Naidu CM, Prabhu JS, Nair MG. The dynamic tumor-stromal crosstalk: implications of 'stromal-hot' tumors in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5379-5393. [PMID: 37046108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer metastatic programming involves an intricate process by which the tumor cell coevolves with the surrounding extracellular niche. The supporting cells from the local host stroma get transformed into cancer-associated stromal cells. This complex crosstalk leads to extracellular matrix remodeling, invasion, and eventually distant metastasis. METHODS In this review, we examine the protein-miRNA secretome that is crucial for this crosstalk. We also provide evidence from the literature for the pivotal role played by the various stromal cells like fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells in promoting the process of EMT in breast cancer. Through in-silico analysis, we have also attempted to establish that stromal presence is integral to the process of EMT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The in-silico analysis delineates the persuasive role of the stroma in mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This review elucidates the importance of examining the role of the stromal niche that can yield promising diagnostic markers and pave avenues for formulating tailored anti-cancer therapy. Process of EMT as driven by 'stroma-hot' tumors: The process of EMT is driven by the stromal cells. The stromal cells in the form of fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and tissue associated macrophages secrete the miRNA-protein secretome that modulates the stromal niche and the tumor cells to be become 'tumor associated'. This drives tumor progression and invasion. The 'stromal-hot' tumors eventually get the benefit of the surplus nurturing from the stroma that facilitates EMT leading to distant organ seeding and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva D Mavatkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrakala M Naidu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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The Adipocyte-Macrophage Relationship in Cancer: A Potential Target for Antioxidant Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010126. [PMID: 36670988 PMCID: PMC9855200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern with a staggering 39% worldwide prevalence as of 2021. Given the magnitude of the problem and considering its association with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, it does not come as a surprise that obesity is now considered one of the major risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and cancer. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has taken center stage in understanding how changes in its components, particularly adipocytes and macrophages, participate in such processes. In this review, we will initially focus on how changes in adipose tissue upon excess fat accumulation generate endocrine signals that promote cancer development. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment or stroma, which is also critical in cancer development, contains macrophages and adipocytes, which, in reciprocal paracrine communication with cancer cells, generate relevant signals. We will discuss how paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment between cancer cells, macrophages, and adipocytes favors cancer development and progression. Finally, as reactive oxygen species participate in many of these signaling pathways, we will summarize the information available on how antioxidants can limit the effects of endocrine and paracrine signaling due to dysfunctional adipose tissue components in obesity.
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Rajput PK, Sharma JR, Yadav UCS. Cellular and molecular insights into the roles of visfatin in breast cancer cells plasticity programs. Life Sci 2022; 304:120706. [PMID: 35691376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached a pandemic proportion and is responsible for the augmentation of multimorbidity including certain cancers. With the rise in obesity amongst the female population globally, a concomitant increase in breast cancer (BC) incidence and related mortality has been observed. In the present review, we have elucidated the cellular and molecular insight into the visfatin-mediated cellular plasticity programs such as Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and stemness-associated changes in BC cells. EMT and EndoMT are responsible for inducing metastasis in cancer cells and conferring chemotherapy resistance, immune escape, and infinite growth potential. Visfatin, an obesity-associated adipokine implicated in metabolic syndrome, has emerged as a central player in BC pathogenesis. Several studies have indicated the presence of visfatin in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it augments EMT and EndoMT of BC cells. Further, Visfatin also modulates the TME by acting on the tumor stroma cells such as adipocytes, infiltrated immune cells, and adipose-associated stem cells that secrete factors such as cytokines, and extracellular vesicles responsible for augmenting cellular plasticity program. Visfatin induced altered metabolism of the cancer cells and molecular determinants such as non-coding RNAs involved in EMT and EndoMT have been discussed. We have also highlighted specific therapeutic targets that can be exploited for the development of effective BC treatment. Taken together, these advanced understandings of cellular and molecular insight into the visfatin-mediated cellular plasticity programs may stimulate the development of better approaches for the prevention and therapy of BC, especially in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Rajput
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Jiten R Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Amalinei C, Grigoraș A, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID, Giușcă SE, Balan RA. The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030365. [PMID: 35334544 PMCID: PMC8953474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma’s clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or “inflammasome”, its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of “extracellular vesicles”, and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma’s particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
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Juszczak AM, Wöelfle U, Končić MZ, Tomczyk M. Skin cancer, including related pathways and therapy and the role of luteolin derivatives as potential therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1423-1462. [PMID: 35187675 PMCID: PMC9303584 DOI: 10.1002/med.21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the fastest growing and the most aggressive form of skin cancer that is diagnosed. However, its incidence is relatively scarce compared to the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The much more common skin cancers include nonmelanoma malignant skin cancers. Moreover, over the past several decades, the frequency of all skin cancers has increased much more dynamically than that of almost any other type of cancer. Among the available therapeutic options for skin cancers, chemotherapy used immediately after the surgical intervention has been an essential element. Unfortunately, the main problem with conventional chemopreventive regimens involves the lack of response to treatment and the associated side effects. Hence, there is a need for much more effective anticancer drugs. Correspondingly, the targeted alternatives have involved phytochemicals, which are safer chemotherapeutic agents and exhibit competitive anticancer activity with high therapeutic efficacy. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in medicinal plants, have been demonstrated to influence the modulation of signaling pathways at each stage of the carcinogenesis process, which is also important in the context of skin cancers. Hence, this review focuses on an exhaustive overview of the therapeutic effects of luteolin and its derivatives in the treatment and prevention of skin cancers. The bioavailability and structure–activity relationships of luteolin derivatives are also discussed. This review is the first such complete account of all of the scientific reports concerning this particular group of natural compounds that target a specific area of neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Juszczak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Białystok Białystok Poland
| | - Ute Wöelfle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Research Center Skinitial, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Białystok Białystok Poland
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Quan Q, Wu J, Yu M, Tang J. Immune micro-environment and drug analysis of peritoneal endometriosis based on epithelial-mesenchymal transition classification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1035158. [PMID: 36523599 PMCID: PMC9745086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1035158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex event that drives polar epithelial cells transform from adherent cells to motile mesenchymal cells, in which are involved immune cells and stroma cells. EMT plays crucial roles in migration and invasion of endometriosis. The interaction of endometrial implants with the surrounding peritoneal micro-environment probably affects the development of peritoneal endometriosis. To date, very few studies have been carried out on peritoneal endometriosis sub-type classification and micro-environment analysis based on EMT. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential application of EMT-based classification in precise diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal endometriosis. METHOD Based on EMT hallmark genes, 76 peritoneal endometriosis samples were classified into two clusters by consistent cluster classification. EMT scores, which calculated by Z score of 8 epithelial cell marker genes and 8 mesenchymal cell marker genes, were compared in two clusters. Then, immune scores and the abundances of corresponding immune cells, stroma scores and the abundances of corresponding stroma cells were analyzed by the "xCell" package. Futhermore, a diagnostic model was constructed based on 9 diagnostic markers which related to immune score and stroma score by Lasso-Logistic regression analysis. Finally, based on EMT classification, a total of 8 targeted drugs against two clusters were screened out by drug susceptibility analysis via "pRRophetic" package. RESULTS Hallmark epithelial-mesenchymal transition was the mainly enriched pathway of differentially expressed genes between peritoneal endometriosis tissues and endometrium tissues. Compared with cluster 2, EMT score and the abundances of most infiltrating stroma cell were significantly higher, while the abundances of most infiltrating immune cells were dramatically less. The diagnostic model could accurately distinguish cluster 1 from cluster 2. Pathway analysis showed drug candidates targeting cluster 1 mainly act on the IGF-1 signaling pathway, and drug candidates targeting cluster 2 mainly block the EGFR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In peritoneal endometriosis, EMT was probably promoted by stroma cell infiltration and inhibited by immune cell infiltration. Besides, our study highlighted the potential uses of the EMT classification in the precise diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Quan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingli Quan, ; Jia Tang,
| | - Jiabao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixing Yu
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingli Quan, ; Jia Tang,
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Exosomal linc-ROR mediates crosstalk between cancer cells and adipocytes to promote tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:253-268. [PMID: 34513308 PMCID: PMC8413664 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells in the microenvironment. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of pancreatic cancer (PC)-derived exosomes in the progression of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and crosstalk with adipocytes has not been elucidated. Exosomes isolated from PC cell culture supernatant through ultracentrifugation were rich in long intergenic non-coding ROR (linc-ROR). After constructing PC cell lines with stable linc-ROR knockdown or overexpression via the transfection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and pLent-U6-GFP-Puro, direct and indirect coculture systems were established to simulate the interaction between adipocytes and PC cells. Next, the effects of conditioned medium collected from dedifferentiated adipocytes on PC cell proliferation, motility, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated by western blot analysis, colony forming, real-time cell analysis (RTCA), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), immunofluorescence (IF), Transwell, and wound-healing assays in vitro. Xenograft models were employed to identify whether conditioned medium loaded with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promoted PC cell growth in vivo. Our results demonstrate that linc-ROR delivery via exosomes represents a brand-new perspective of dedifferentiating adipocytes in the TME of PC, which further induce PC cell EMT via the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-ZEB1 axis. Moreover, exosomal linc-ROR may become a novel diagnostic marker for PC patients.
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Fonseca M, Soares R, Coelho P. Lower melanoma pulmonary metastatic burden in obese mice: role of FGF-21. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:515-525. [PMID: 34524221 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for malignant melanoma. The lungs are main target organs for metastization and their immune response is a key modulator of this mechanism. The concept that the metastatic potential of some types of cancer is reduced or inhibited by obesity, known as the obesity paradox, drives major concerns on the prognosis of metastasized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate how high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity affects melanoma metastization. C57Bl6/J mice were fed with HFD or standard diet for 180 days and inoculated intravenously with B16F10 melanoma cells. Upon 21 days of inoculation, lung tissue of overweight and lean mice was assessed for histology and immunohistochemistry assays. Adipokine antibody arrays were performed in mice serum. In vitro RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures were established and incubated with FGF-21 and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conditioned media was added to B16F10 cells for viability quantification. HFD-fed mice presented a reduced number of metastases with lower proliferative rates. The high content of inflammatory foci observed in noninoculated obese mice was significantly decreased upon B16F10 inoculation, concurrent with a slight fibrosis reduction. Plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), an endocrine regulator, were elevated in noninoculated HFD mice and the expression of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR-1) was significantly upregulated after inoculation. FGF-21 reduced melanoma viability in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Altogether, these findings suggest that higher amounts of FGF-21 are able to counterbalance the proinflammatory effects associated with obesity, protecting the lungs from melanoma metastization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Fonseca
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
- Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
- Metabesity Research Group, I3S, Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto
- Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Cassano N, Caccavale S, Vena GA, Argenziano G. Body Mass Index and Melanoma Prognosis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021106. [PMID: 34631264 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1104a106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been suggested as a risk factor in the progression of malignancies, including melanoma. Most studies defined obesity using body mass index (BMI), although the index is considered an imperfect measure of body composition. Objective The aim of this article is to examine whether BMI can impact on the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma, regardless of anti-tumor therapy. The relationship between BMI and specific prognostic factors in melanoma patients has been reviewed. Methods Literature search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "melanoma" and "body mass index" or "obesity". We selected articles, published up to 30 November 2020, examining the prognostic aspects of melanoma. Articles evaluating the risk and incidence of melanoma were excluded as well as studies regarding morbidity and complications following surgical procedures, or those performed in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-tumor therapies. Results Mixed results have emerged from studies assessing the clinical outcomes in melanoma patients in relation to BMI. More consistent data seem to support the relationship between BMI and Breslow thickness. Conclusions Studies that focus specifically on the link between obesity and melanoma prognosis are limited; further research is needed to deepen our knowledge on this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cassano
- Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Bari, Italy.,Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Barletta, Italy
| | - Stefano Caccavale
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gino A Vena
- Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Bari, Italy.,Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Barletta, Italy
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14
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Avşar Abdik E. Differentiated pre-adipocytes promote proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells of different p53 status. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5187-5198. [PMID: 34213707 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression and metastasis are associated with stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Adipocytes are the most abundant cells surrounding breast stromal tissue, promote tumor progression through the induction of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which is negatively regulated by tumor suppressor protein p53. In this study aimed to investigate the role of p53 in the progression of breast cancer after mature adipocyte-conditioned medium (CM) application. The proliferative effect of CM obtained from differentiated pre-adipocytes were assessed by MTS assay. 20% CM increased cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, T-47D (mutant p53) and MCF-7 (wild-type p53). The migration and invasion capacity were evaluated by scratch and transwell assays, respectively. CM significantly enhanced migration and invasion capacity in T-47D compared to MCF-7. Gene and protein expressions were detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis, respectively. CM markedly increased expression levels of Cyclin D1, PI3K, MMP9, Snail and Twist in T-47D compared to MCF-7. However, CM did not change E-Cadherin level in T-47D while downregulated in MCF-7 cells. Also, the protein levels of NFκB p65, p-Akt, Snail, and Vimentin were upregulated in both cells. Overall, the findings highlight how the p53 status affects mature adipocyte-mediated proliferation, migration, and aggressive behavior of breast cancer cell lines. Targeting the tumor microenvironment may represent a promising approach for preventing breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Avşar Abdik
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Mazurkiewicz J, Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Stromal Cells Present in the Melanoma Niche Affect Tumor Invasiveness and Its Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E529. [PMID: 33430277 PMCID: PMC7825728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer, which arises frequently from transformed pigment cells and melanocytes as a result of long-term UV radiation exposure. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed melanoma patients reached 5% of all cancer cases. Despite the development of novel targeted therapies directed against melanoma-specific markers, patients' response to treatment is often weak or short-term due to a rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Among the factors affecting therapy effectiveness, elements of the tumor microenvironment play a major role. Melanoma niche encompasses adjacent cells, such as keratinocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, and immune cells, as well as components of the extracellular matrix and tumor-specific physicochemical properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the influence of cancer-associated cells (keratinocytes, CAFs, adipocytes) on the process of melanomagenesis, tumor progression, invasiveness, and the emergence of drug resistance in melanoma. We also address how melanoma can alter the differentiation and activation status of cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these complex interactions between malignant and cancer-associated cells could improve the development of effective antitumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
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16
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Han W, Xu J, Shen GL. Prognostic implication and functional annotations of APOBEC3G expression in patients with Melanoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5245-5256. [PMID: 32742470 PMCID: PMC7378923 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies damaging human health. APOBEC3G (A3G) has been found in several cancers; however, the role of A3G in SKCM is rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the expression of A3G in tumor tissue and its prognostic value in SKCM patients. Method: A total of 512 SKCM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (FAHSU) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were consecutively recruited in analyses. Differential transcriptional and proteome expression profiles were obtained from multiple datasets. GEPIA was used to assess the survival analysis between distinguished groups. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to address the influence of independent factors on disease-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, 31 SKCM and 31 nevus tissues were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluation. STRING, DAVID and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to conduct a network of related genes and significant pathways. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship of A3G with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) by TIMER and TISIDB. Result: We found both transcriptional and proteomics expressions of A3G were elevated in SKCM. Survival analysis and ROC curves showed significant diagnostic and prognostic ability of A3G. IHC results showed increased expression of A3G in SKCM compared to nevus tissues. Importantly, A3G expression was closely associated with the immune-infiltrating levels of B cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. Conclusion: In summary, our study first reveals that elevated A3G expression is significantly correlated with better prognosis in SKCM patients. The role of A3G in SKCM demonstrated that it might be a prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000
| | - Guo-Liang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215000
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17
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Machado FC, Girola N, Maia VSC, Bergami-Santos PC, Morais AS, Azevedo RA, Figueiredo CR, Barbuto JAM, Travassos LR. Immunomodulatory Protective Effects of Rb9 Cyclic-Peptide in a Metastatic Melanoma Setting and the Involvement of Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3122. [PMID: 32010152 PMCID: PMC6974543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic VHCDR3-derived peptide (Rb9) from RebMab200 antibody, directed to a NaPi2B phosphate-transport protein, displayed anti-metastatic melanoma activity at 50–300 μg intraperitoneally injected in syngeneic mice. Immune deficient mice failed to respond to the peptide protective effect. Rb9 induced increased CD8+ T and low Foxp3+ T cell infiltration in lung metastases and high IFN-γ and low TGF-β in lymphoid organs. The peptide co-localized with F-actin and a nuclear site in dendritic cells and specifically bound to MIF and CD74 in a dot-blot setting. Murine bone-marrow dendritic cells preincubated with Rb9 for 6 h were treated with MIF for short time periods. The modulated responses showed stimulation of CD74 and inhibition of pPI3K, pERK, and pNF-κB as compared to MIF alone. Rb9 in a melanoma-conditioned medium, stimulated the M1 type conversion in bone marrow-macrophages. Functional aspects of Rb9 in vivo were studied in therapeutic and prophylactic protocols using a melanoma metastatic model. In both protocols Rb9 exhibited a marked anti-melanoma protection. Human dendritic cells were also investigated showing increased expression of surface markers in response to Rb9 incubation. Rb9 either stimulated or slightly inhibited moDCs submitted to inhibitory (TGF-β and IL-10) or activating (LPS) conditions, respectively. Lymphocyte proliferation was obtained with moDCs stimulated by Rb9 and tumor cell lysate. In moDCs from cancer patients Rb9 exerted immunomodulatory activities depending on their functional status. The peptide may inhibit over-stimulated cells, stimulate poorly activated and suppressed cells, or cause instead, little phenotypic and functional alterations. Recently, the interaction MIF-CD74 has been associated to PD-L1 expression and IFN-γ, suggesting a target for melanoma treatment. The effects described for Rb9 and the protection against metastatic melanoma may suggest the possibility of a peptide reagent that could be relevant when associated to modern immunotherapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício C Machado
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Girola
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera S C Maia
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Bergami-Santos
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Figueiredo
- Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,MediCity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - José A M Barbuto
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Recepta Bio, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Golan T, Parikh R, Jacob E, Vaknine H, Zemser-Werner V, Hershkovitz D, Malcov H, Leibou S, Reichman H, Sheinboim D, Percik R, Amar S, Brenner R, Greenberger S, Kung A, Khaled M, Levy C. Adipocytes sensitize melanoma cells to environmental TGF-β cues by repressing the expression of miR-211. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/591/eaav6847. [PMID: 31337739 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical signals in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis. Melanoma grows in the epidermis and invades the dermis before metastasizing. This disease progression is accompanied by increased sensitivity to microenvironmental TGF-β. Here, we found that skin fat cells (adipocytes) promoted metastatic initiation by sensitizing melanoma cells to TGF-β. Analysis of melanoma clinical samples revealed that adipocytes, usually located in the deeper hypodermis layer, were present in the upper dermis layer within proximity to in situ melanoma cells, an observation that correlated with disease aggressiveness. In a coculture system, adipocytes secreted the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which induced a proliferative-to-invasive phenotypic switch in melanoma cells by repressing the expression of the microRNA miR-211. In a xenograft model, miR-211 exhibited a dual role in melanoma progression, promoting cell proliferation while inhibiting metastatic spread. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses indicated that miR-211 directly targeted and repressed the translation of TGFBR1 mRNA, which encodes the type I TGF-β receptor. Hence, through this axis of cytokine-mediated repression of miR-211, adipocytes increased the abundance of the TGF-β receptor in melanoma cells, thereby enhancing cellular responsiveness to TGF-β ligands. The induction of TGF-β signaling, in turn, resulted in a proliferative-to-invasive phenotypic switch in cultured melanoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β prevented these effects. Our findings further reveal a molecular link between fat cells and metastatic progression in melanoma that might be therapeutically targeted in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Etai Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hananya Vaknine
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Institute of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stav Leibou
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadar Reichman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Danna Sheinboim
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ruth Percik
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Institute of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sarah Amar
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Andrew Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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19
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Imaoka M, Tanese K, Masugi Y, Hayashi M, Sakamoto M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD74 interaction regulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 in melanoma cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2273-2283. [PMID: 31069878 PMCID: PMC6609804 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells contributes to cancer immune evasion by interacting with programmed cell death 1 on immune cells. γ‐Interferon (IFN‐γ) has been reported as a key extrinsic stimulator of PD‐L1 expression, yet its mechanism of expression is poorly understood. This study analyzed the role of CD74 and its ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on PD‐L1 expression, by immunohistochemical analysis of melanoma tissue samples and in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines treated with IFN‐γ and inhibitors of the MIF‐CD74 interaction. Immunohistochemical analyses of 97 melanoma tissue samples showed significant correlations between CD74 and the expression status of PD‐L1 (P < .01). In vitro analysis of 2 melanoma cell lines, which are known to secrete MIF constitutively and express cell surface CD74 following IFN‐γ stimulation, showed upregulation of PD‐L1 levels by IFN‐γ stimulation. This was suppressed by further treatment with the MIF‐CD74 interaction inhibitor, 4‐iodo‐6‐phenylpyrimidine. In the analysis of melanoma cell line WM1361A, which constitutively expresses PD‐L1, CD74, and MIF in its non‐treated state, treatment with 4‐iodo‐6‐phenylpyrimidine and transfection of siRNAs targeting MIF and CD74 significantly suppressed the expression of PD‐L1. Together, the results indicated that MIF‐CD74 interaction directly regulated the expression of PD‐L1 and helps tumor cells escape from antitumorigenic immune responses. In conclusion, the MIF‐CD74 interaction could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Imaoka
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanese
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Ko JH, Um JY, Lee SG, Yang WM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Conditioned media from adipocytes promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in melanoma and colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18249-18261. [PMID: 30851074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity can significantly increase the risk of various cancers, although the mechanisms underlying this link are completely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effect of adipocytes on melanoma and colon cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. The potential effects of conditioned media (CM) obtained from differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of B16BL6 melanoma and colon 26-L5 cancer cells were investigated. The 3T3-L1 and hAMSC CM increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in both the cell lines. In addition, adipocytes CM increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2 activity in both B16BL6 and colon 26-L5 cells. These effects were found to be associated with an increased expression of various oncogenic proteins in B16BL6 and colon 26-L5 cells. Also, adipocyte CM induced Akt and mTOR activation in both tumor cell lines, and the pharmacological inhibition of Akt and mTOR blocked the CM induced Akt as well as mTOR activation and CM-stimulated melanoma and colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These data suggest that adipocyte promotes melanoma and colon cancer progression through modulating the expression of diverse proteins associated with cancer growth and metastasis as well as modulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Mohapatra P, Prasad CP, Andersson T. Combination therapy targeting the elevated interleukin-6 level reduces invasive migration of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:480-494. [PMID: 30582770 PMCID: PMC6360505 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel antimetastatic therapeutic targets is necessary for improved treatment of patients with acquired BRAF inhibitor‐resistant (BRAFi‐R) melanoma, in whom metastasis is a major concern. Our present study focused on the identification of such targets to explore novel antimetastatic therapeutic options for BRAFi‐R melanoma patients. We confirmed the development of BRAFi resistance in our BRAFi‐treated melanoma cell lines by demonstrating reduced sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors, increased ERK1/2 activity and increased WNT5A expression. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that high secretion of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was associated with increased invasive migration of BRAFi‐R melanoma cells. This finding could be readily explained by the increased expression of WNT5A in BRAFi‐R melanoma cells and the presence of an IL‐6/WNT5A positive feedback loop in parental melanoma cells. Surprisingly, however, we found that the IL‐6/WNT5A positive feedback loop present in parental melanoma cells was lost during the development of acquired BRAFi resistance, meaning that IL‐6 and WNT5A signalling were independent events in BRAFi‐R melanoma cells. Despite the absence of an IL‐6/WNT5A loop, we found that both an IL‐6 blocking antibody and the WNT5A antagonist Box5 alone impaired the elevated invasive migration of BRAFi‐R melanoma cells, but combined use of the two was more effective. This impaired invasive migration of BRAFi‐R melanoma cells correlated well with the reduction in Cdc42‐GTPase activity and alterations of the actin cytoskeleton in these cells. In summary, our novel identification of IL‐6 as a key independent promoter of the invasive migration of BRAFi‐R melanoma cells stresses that a combination of a blocking IL‐6 antibody and administration of the WNT5A antagonist Box5 might be an attractive antimetastatic approach for future treatment of BRAFi‐R melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purusottam Mohapatra
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Robado de Lope L, Alcíbar OL, Amor López A, Hergueta-Redondo M, Peinado H. Tumour-adipose tissue crosstalk: fuelling tumour metastasis by extracellular vesicles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0485. [PMID: 29158314 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, tumour cells must communicate with their microenvironment by secreted soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. Different stromal cell types (e.g. bone marrow-derived cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) influence the growth and progression of tumours. In recent years, interest has extended to other cell types in the tumour microenvironment such as adipocytes and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Indeed, obesity is becoming pandemic in some developing countries and it is now considered to be a risk factor for cancer progression. However, the true impact of obesity on the metastatic behaviour of tumours is still not yet fully understood. In this 'Perspective' article, we will discuss the potential influence of obesity on tumour metastasis, mainly in melanoma, breast and ovarian cancer. We summarize the main mechanisms involved with special attention to the role of extracellular vesicles in this process. We envisage that besides having a direct impact on tumour cells, obesity systemically preconditions the tumour microenvironment for future metastasis by favouring the formation of pro-inflammatory niches.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Robado de Lope
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Olwen Leaman Alcíbar
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Amor López
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Hergueta-Redondo
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain .,Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories. Department of Pediatrics, Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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23
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Gyamfi J, Lee YH, Eom M, Choi J. Interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling regulates adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8859. [PMID: 29891854 PMCID: PMC5995871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is a key regulators of tumour progression through the secretion of growth factors that activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Induction of EMT is a key step for transition from a benign state to a metastatic tumour. Adipose tissue forms a bulk portion of the breast cancer microenvironment, emerging evidence indicates the potential for adipocytes to influence tumour progression through the secretion of adipokines that can induce EMT. The molecular mechanisms underlying how adipocytes enhance breast cancer progression is largely unknown. We hypothesized that paracrine signalling by adipocytes can activate EMT and results in increased migration and invasion characteristics of breast cancer cells. We found that IL-6 secreted by adipocytes induce EMT in breast cancer cells. The effect of IL-6 expression on EMT is mediated through activation of the signal transducer and activated of transcription 3 (STAT3). Blocking of IL-6 signalling in breast cancer cells and adipocytes, decreased proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities and altered the expression of genes regulating EMT. Together, our results suggest that matured human adipocytes can enhance the aggressive behaviour of breast cancer cells and induce an EMT-phenotype through paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones Gyamfi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Minseob Eom
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea.
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24
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Lee J, Kim KE, Cheon S, Song JH, Houh Y, Kim TS, Gil M, Lee KJ, Kim S, Kim D, Hur DY, Yang Y, Bang SI, Park HJ, Cho D. Interleukin-32α induces migration of human melanoma cells through downregulation of E-cadherin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65825-65836. [PMID: 27589563 PMCID: PMC5323195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32α, the shortest isoform of proinflammatory cytokine IL-32, is associated with various inflammatory diseases and cancers. However, its involvement in human melanoma is not understood. To determine the effect of IL-32α in melanoma, IL-32α levels were examined in human melanoma cell lines that exhibit different migratory abilities. IL-32α levels were higher in human melanoma cell lines with more migratory ability. An IL-32α-overexpressing G361 human melanoma cell line was generated to investigate the effect of IL-32α on melanoma migration. IL-32α-overexpressing G361 cells (G361-IL-32α) exhibit an increased migratory ability compared to vector control cells (G361-vector). To identify factors involved in IL-32α-induced migration, we compared expression of E-cadherin in G361-vector and G361-IL-32α cells. We observed decreased levels of E-cadherin in G361-IL-32α cells, resulting in F-actin polymerization. To further investigate signaling pathways related to IL-32α-induced migration, we treated G361-vector and G361-IL-32α cells with PD98059, a selective MEK inhibitor. Inhibition of Erk1/2 by PD98059 restored E-cadherin expression and decreased IL-32α-induced migration. In addition, cell invasiveness of G361-IL-32α cells was tested using an in vivo lung metastasis model. As results, lung metastasis was significantly increased by IL-32α overexpression. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-32α induced human melanoma migration via Erk1/2 activation, which repressed E-cadherin expression. Our findings suggest that IL-32α is a novel regulator of migration in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Cheon
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Younkyung Houh
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 150-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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25
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Demonstration of a WNT5A-IL-6 positive feedback loop in melanoma cells: Dual interference of this loop more effectively impairs melanoma cell invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37790-37802. [PMID: 27191257 PMCID: PMC5122349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression and signalling of WNT5A and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have both been shown to promote melanoma progression. Here, we investigated the proposed existence of a WNT5A-IL-6 positive feedback loop that drives melanoma migration and invasion. First, the HOPP algorithm revealed that the invasive phenotype of cultured melanoma cells was significantly correlated with increased expression of WNT5A or IL-6. In three invasive melanoma cell lines, endogenous WNT5A protein expression was related to IL-6 protein secretion. Knockdown with anti-IL-6 siRNAs or treating WM852 melanoma cells with a neutralising anti-IL-6 antibody reduced WNT5A protein expression. Conversely, the silencing of WNT5A expression by WNT5A siRNAs or treating WM852 melanoma cells with Box5 (a WNT5A antagonist) significantly reduced IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, these effects occurred at the protein level but not at the transcriptional levels. Functionally, we demonstrated that combined siRNA knockdown of WNT5A and IL-6 expression or the simultaneous inhibition of WNT5A and IL-6 signalling inhibited melanoma cell invasion more effectively than suppressing each factor individually. Together, our results demonstrate that WNT5A and IL-6 are connected through a positive feedback loop in melanoma cells and that the combined targeting of both molecules could serve as an effective therapeutic means to reduce melanoma metastasis.
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26
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Chen GL, Luo Y, Eriksson D, Meng X, Qian C, Bäuerle T, Chen XX, Schett G, Bozec A. High fat diet increases melanoma cell growth in the bone marrow by inducing osteopontin and interleukin 6. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26653-69. [PMID: 27049717 PMCID: PMC5042005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of metabolic stress induced by obesity on the bone marrow melanoma niche is largely unknown. Here we employed diet induced obese mice model, where mice received high-fat (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 6 weeks before challenge with B16F10 melanoma cells. Tumor size, bone loss and osteoclasts numbers were assessed histologically in the tibial bones. For defining the molecular pathway, osteopontin knock-out mice, interleukin 6 neutralizing antibody or Janus kinase 2 inhibition were carried out in the same model. Mechanistic studies such as adipocyte-melanoma co-cultures for defining adipocyte induced changes of tumor cell proliferation and expression profiles were also performed. As results, HFD enhanced melanoma burden in bone by increasing tumor area and osteoclast numbers. This process was associated with higher numbers of bone marrow adipocytes expressing IL-6 in direct vicinity to tumor cells. Inhibition of IL-6 or of downstream JAK2 blocked HFD-induced tumor progression. Furthermore, the phenotypic changes of melanoma cells triggered macrophage and osteoclast accumulation accompanied by increased osteopontin expression. Osteopontin triggered osteoclastogenesis and also exerted a positive feedback loop to tumor cells, which was abrogated in its absence. Metabolic stress by HFD promotes melanoma growth in the bone marrow by an increase in bone marrow adipocytes and IL-6-JAK2-osteopontin mediated activation of tumor cells and osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Liang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Minhang District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianyi Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Liu Q, Zhang H, Jiang X, Qian C, Liu Z, Luo D. Factors involved in cancer metastasis: a better understanding to "seed and soil" hypothesis. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:176. [PMID: 29197379 PMCID: PMC5712107 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis has intrigued researchers for more than 100 years. Despite the development of technologies and therapeutic strategies, metastasis is still the major cause of cancer-related death until today. The famous "seed and soil" hypothesis is widely cited and accepted, and it still provides significant instructions in cancer research until today. To our knowledge, there are few reviews that comprehensively and correlatively focus on both the seed and soil factors involved in cancer metastasis; moreover, despite the fact that increasingly underlying mechanisms and concepts have been defined recently, previous perspectives are appealing but may be limited. Hence, we reviewed factors involved in cancer metastasis, including both seed and soil factors. By integrating new concepts with the classic hypothesis, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the "seed and soil" hypothesis and to conceptualize the framework for understanding factors involved in cancer metastasis. Based on a dynamic overview of this field, we also discuss potential implications for future research and clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Queen Mary School, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Bayi Road, No.461, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Bayi Road, No.461, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Bayi Road, No.461, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Bayi Road, No.461, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Bayi Road, No.461, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Sahoo SS, Lombard JM, Ius Y, O'Sullivan R, Wood LG, Nahar P, Jaaback K, Tanwar PS. Adipose-Derived VEGF-mTOR Signaling Promotes Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer: Implications for Obese Women. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:309-321. [PMID: 29133593 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in endometrial cancer. Despite the positive correlation of body mass index (BMI) or obesity in endometrial carcinogenesis, the contribution of adipose tissue to the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer is unclear. This study clarifies the role of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer by demonstrating that adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) increases proliferation, migration, and survival of endometrial cancer cells compared with preadipocyte-conditioned medium (PACM). Comparative cytokine array analysis of ACM and PACM reveal upregulation of a group of cytokines belonging to the VEGF signaling pathway in ACM. VEGF protein expression is upregulated in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obese patients, which is correlated with increased tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model. The increased tumor size is mechanistically associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, a downstream target of VEGF signaling, and its suppression decreased the growth-promoting effects of VAT on endometrial cancer cells. Similar to the human model systems, pathologic changes in endometrial cells in a hyperphagic obese mouse model are associated with increased body weight and hyperactive mTOR signaling. Analysis of human tissue specimens depicts increased in tumor vasculature and VEGF-mTOR activity in obese endometrial cancer patients compared with nonobese patients. Collectively, these results provide evidence that VEGF-mTOR signaling drives endometrial cell growth leading to hyperplasia and cancer.Implications: Adipocyte-derived VEGF-mTOR signaling may be an attractive therapeutic target against endometrial cancer in obese women. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 309-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhransu S Sahoo
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janine M Lombard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvette Ius
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel O'Sullivan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pravin Nahar
- Department of Maternity and Gynecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Jaaback
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Martin S, Dudek-Peric AM, Garg AD, Roose H, Demirsoy S, Van Eygen S, Mertens F, Vangheluwe P, Vankelecom H, Agostinis P. An autophagy-driven pathway of ATP secretion supports the aggressive phenotype of BRAF V600E inhibitor-resistant metastatic melanoma cells. Autophagy 2017; 13:1512-1527. [PMID: 28722539 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1332550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ingrained capacity of melanoma cells to rapidly evolve toward an aggressive phenotype is manifested by their increased ability to develop drug-resistance, evident in the case of vemurafenib, a therapeutic-agent targeting BRAFV600E. Previous studies indicated a tight correlation between heightened melanoma-associated macroautophagy/autophagy and acquired Vemurafenib resistance. However, how this vesicular trafficking pathway supports Vemurafenib resistance remains unclear. Here, using isogenic human and murine melanoma cell lines of Vemurafenib-resistant and patient-derived melanoma cells with primary resistance to the BRAFV600E inhibitor, we found that the enhanced migration and invasion of the resistant melanoma cells correlated with an enhanced autophagic capacity and autophagosome-mediated secretion of ATP. Extracellular ATP (eATP) was instrumental for the invasive phenotype and the expansion of a subset of Vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Compromising the heightened autophagy in these BRAFV600E inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells through the knockdown of different autophagy genes (ATG5, ATG7, ULK1), reduced their invasive and eATP-secreting capacity. Furthermore, eATP promoted the aggressive nature of the BRAFV600E inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells by signaling through the purinergic receptor P2RX7. This autophagy-propelled eATP-dependent autocrine-paracrine pathway supported the maintenance and expansion of a drug-resistant melanoma phenotype. In conclusion, we have identified an autophagy-driven response that relies on the secretion of ATP to drive P2RX7-based migration and expansion of the Vemurafenib-resistant phenotype. This emphasizes the potential of targeting autophagy in the treatment and management of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Martin
- a Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium.,b Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek-Peric
- a Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- a Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Heleen Roose
- c Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Seyma Demirsoy
- a Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Eygen
- a Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Freya Mertens
- c Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- b Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- c Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- a Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Campus Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium
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30
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De Giorgi V, Gori A, Savarese I, D'Errico A, Scarfì F, Papi F, Maio V, Covarelli P, Massi D, Gandini S. Role of BMI and hormone therapy in melanoma risk: a case-control study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1191-1197. [PMID: 28289899 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the association between body mass index (BMI) and hormone therapies and Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) development is strongly debated. This study was carried out to assess the association between BMI, hormone therapies, and CM risk. METHODS The present study is a hospital-based case-control study with 605 consecutive CM patients and 592 controls treated for non-neoplastic conditions at the Department of Dermatology in Florence. The associations of melanoma risk with BMI and hormone therapies were assessed performing unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We found a significant interaction of BMI with age (P < 0.0001): being overweight significantly increased CM risk among individuals less than 50 years old (OR = 1.85 with 95% CI 1.14-2.94), whereas the association was not significant for individuals over 50 years old (OR = 1.15 with 95% CI 0.77-1.71). For oestrogen therapy, women taking oral contraceptives (OCs)/hormone replacement therapy (HRT) showed a lower CM risk than men (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.44-0.89), with risk estimates significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than in non OCs/HRT users, which had an increased risk compared to men (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.29-2.53). CONCLUSIONS Being overweight was significantly associated with CM risk, and this relationship was highly age-conditioned; the second finding was the protective effect of oestrogen therapies for women. Both findings may have a significant impact on melanoma prevention, as the prevalence of obesity and hormone therapy use is increasing worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Giorgi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via Michelangelo 41, 50124, Florence, Italy.
- Cancer Research "Attilia Pofferi" Foundation, Pistoia, Italy.
| | - Alessia Gori
- Cancer Research "Attilia Pofferi" Foundation, Pistoia, Italy
| | - Imma Savarese
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via Michelangelo 41, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonietta D'Errico
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via Michelangelo 41, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Scarfì
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via Michelangelo 41, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Papi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via Michelangelo 41, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Maio
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Covarelli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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31
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Clement E, Lazar I, Muller C, Nieto L. Obesity and melanoma: could fat be fueling malignancy? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:294-306. [PMID: 28222242 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that adipose tissue, and particularly adipocytes, contributes to tumor progression. Obesity, an ever-increasing worldwide phenomenon, exacerbates this effect. The influence of obesity on melanoma remains poorly studied, although recent data do underline an association between the two diseases in both humans and murine models. Herein, we review the impact of obesity on melanoma incidence and progression and discuss the underlying mechanisms known to be involved. Adipose tissue favors the proliferation and aggressiveness of melanoma cells through a direct dialog, mediated by soluble factors and by exosomes, and through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. This knowledge could, in the future, help to design new personalized therapeutic options for obese melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clement
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Ikrame Lazar
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Nieto
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse Cedex, France
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Chiang NY, Peng YM, Juang HH, Chen TC, Pan HL, Chang GW, Lin HH. GPR56/ADGRG1 Activation Promotes Melanoma Cell Migration via NTF Dissociation and CTF-Mediated Gα 12/13/RhoA Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:727-736. [PMID: 27818281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a versatile adhesion G protein-coupled receptor with diverse biological functions. GPR56 expression is variably detected in human melanoma cell lines and correlates inversely with the metastatic potential of melanoma lesions. GPR56 associates with the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 on the melanoma cell surface. GPR56 activation by immobilized CG4 monoclonal antibody facilitates N-terminal fragment dissociation in a CD9/CD81-dependent manner specifically inducing IL-6 production, which promotes cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, expression of GPR56-C-terminal fragment alone recapitulates the antibody-induced receptor function, implicating a major role for the C-terminal fragment in GPR56 activation and signaling. Analysis of site-directed mutant receptors attests the importance of the conserved N-terminal residues of the C-terminal fragment for its self-activation. Finally, we show that the GPR56-induced signaling in melanoma cells is mediated by the Gα12/13/RhoA pathway. In summary, the expression and activation of GPR56 may modulate melanoma progression in part by inducing IL-6 production after N-terminal fragment dissociation and C-terminal fragment self-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Yi Chiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ming Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gin-Wen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lazar I, Clement E, Dauvillier S, Milhas D, Ducoux-Petit M, LeGonidec S, Moro C, Soldan V, Dalle S, Balor S, Golzio M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Valet P, Muller C, Nieto L. Adipocyte Exosomes Promote Melanoma Aggressiveness through Fatty Acid Oxidation: A Novel Mechanism Linking Obesity and Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4051-7. [PMID: 27216185 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant progression results from a dynamic cross-talk between stromal and cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that this cross-talk is mediated to a significant extent by exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by most cell types and which allow the transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. Adipocytes are a major component of several tumor microenvironments, including that of invasive melanoma, where cells have migrated to the adipocyte-rich hypodermic layer of the skin. We show that adipocytes secrete exosomes in abundance, which are then taken up by tumor cells, leading to increased migration and invasion. Using mass spectrometry, we analyzed the proteome of adipocyte exosomes. Interestingly, these vesicles carry proteins implicated in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), a feature highly specific to adipocyte exosomes. We further show that, in the presence of adipocyte exosomes, FAO is increased in melanoma cells. Inhibition of this metabolic pathway completely abrogates the exosome-mediated increase in migration. Moreover, in obese mice and humans, both the number of exosomes secreted by adipocytes as well as their effect on FAO-dependent cell migration are amplified. These observations might in part explain why obese melanoma patients have a poorer prognosis than their nonobese counterparts. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4051-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Lazar
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emily Clement
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Milhas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuelle Ducoux-Petit
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie LeGonidec
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1048, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1048, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Soldan
- Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique Intégrative, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Stéphanie Balor
- Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique Intégrative, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1048, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Nieto
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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34
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Zhang Y, Yu M, Tian W. Physiological and pathological impact of exosomes of adipose tissue. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:3-13. [PMID: 26776755 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles that have emerged as a new intercellular communication system for transporting proteins and RNAs; recent studies have shown that they play a role in many physiological and pathological processes such as immune regulation, cell differentiation, infection and cancer. By transferring proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs, exosomes act as information vehicles that alter the behavior of recipient cells. Compared to direct cell-cell contact or secreted factors, exosomes can affect recipient cells in more efficient ways. In whole adipose tissues, it has been shown that exosomes exist in supernatants of adipocytes and adipose stromal cells (ADSCs). Adipocyte exosomes are linked to lipid metabolism and obesity-related insulin resistance and exosomes secreted by ADSCs are involved in angiogenesis, immunomodulation and tumor development. This review introduces characteristics of exosomes in adipose tissue, summarizes their functions in different physiological and pathological processes and provides the further insight into potential application of exosomes to disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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35
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Tanese K, Hashimoto Y, Berkova Z, Wang Y, Samaniego F, Lee JE, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. Cell Surface CD74-MIF Interactions Drive Melanoma Survival in Response to Interferon-γ. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2775-2784. [PMID: 26039541 PMCID: PMC4640965 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is believed to be a highly immunogenic tumor and recent developments in immunotherapies are promising. IFN-γ produced by immune cells has a crucial role in tumor immune surveillance; however, it has also been reported to be pro-tumorigenic. In the current study, we found that IFN-γ enhances the expression of CD74, which interacts with its ligand, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and thereby activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in melanoma, promoting tumor survival. IFN-γ increased phosphorylation of AKT Ser473 and upregulated total cell surface expression of CD74 in human melanoma cell lines tested. CD74 was highly expressed in melanoma tissues. Moreover, the expression of CD74 on tumor cells correlated with plasma IFN-γ levels in melanoma patient samples. In our analysis of melanoma cell lines, all produced MIF constitutively. Blockade of CD74-MIF interaction reduced AKT phosphorylation and expression of pro-tumorigenic molecules, including IL-6, IL-8, and BCL-2. Inhibition of CD74-MIF interaction significantly suppressed tumor growth in the presence of IFN-γ in our xenograft mouse model. Thus, we conclude that IFN-γ promotes melanoma cell survival by regulating CD74-MIF signaling, suggesting that targeting the CD74-MIF interaction under IFN-γ-stimulatory conditions would be an effective therapeutic approach for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Tanese
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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36
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Huang CH, Jayakumar T, Chang CC, Fong TH, Lu SH, Thomas PA, Choy CS, Sheu JR. Hinokitiol Exerts Anticancer Activity through Downregulation of MMPs 9/2 and Enhancement of Catalase and SOD Enzymes: In Vivo Augmentation of Lung Histoarchitecture. Molecules 2015; 20:17720-34. [PMID: 26404213 PMCID: PMC6332280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201017720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is extremely resistant to chemotherapy and the death rate is increasing hastily worldwide. Extracellular matrix promotes the migration and invasion of tumor cells through the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. Evidence has shown that natural dietary antioxidants are capable of inhibiting cancer cell growth. Our recent studies showed that hinokitiol, a natural bioactive compound, inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and platelets aggregation. The present study is to investigate the anticancer efficacy of hinokitiol against B16-F10 melanoma cells via modulating tumor invasion factors MMPs, antioxidant enzymes in vitro. An in vivo mice model of histological investigation was performed to study the patterns of elastic and collagen fibers. Hinokitiol inhibited the expression and activity of MMPs-2 and -9 in B16-F10 melanoma cells, as measured by western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. An observed increase in protein expression of MMPs 2/9 in melanoma cells was significantly inhibited by hinokitiol. Notably, hinokitiol (1–5 μM) increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the reduction in melanoma cells. Also, hinokitiol (2–10 µM) concentration dependently reduced in vitro Fenton reaction induced hydroxyl radical (OH·) formation. An in vivo study showed that hinokitiol treatment increased elastic fibers (EF), collagens dispersion, and improved alveolar alterations in the lungs of B16/F10 injected mice. Overall, our findings propose that hinokitiol may be a potent anticancer candidate through down regulation of MMPs 9/2, reduction of OH· production and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Tsorng-Harn Fong
- Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Lu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Philip Aloysius Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Cheuk-Sing Choy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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37
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Adipocytes can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:323-35. [PMID: 26285644 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are known to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several cancers. However, the role of adipocytes in the EMT of breast cancer cells is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of adipocytes in the EMT in breast cancer. Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-435S, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 were co-cultured with adipocytes and analyzed for morphological changes, proliferation activity, EMT markers, migration, and invasion. In addition, 296 human breast cancer specimens were classified according to the presence of the fibrous or adipose stroma and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, antigen Ki-67, N-cadherin, Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1), high-mobility group AT-hook 2, TGFβ, and S100 calcium-binding protein A4 using tissue microarray. After co-culture with adipocytes, MCF-7, MDA-MB-435S, and MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited elongated spindle-like morphology and increased proliferation; MDA-MB-435S and MDA-MB-231 cells also showed increased dispersion. In all tested breast cancer cells, adipocytes induced migration and invasion. The EMT-like phenotypic changes and increased cell migration and invasion were accompanied by the upregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 and TWIST1. Consistently, breast cancer tumors with the adipose stroma showed higher TWIST1 expression than those with the adipose stroma; however, no difference was observed in the levels of other EMT-related proteins. Adipocytes stimulate breast cancer cells to acquire aggressive tumor phenotype by inducing EMT-associated traits, and breast cancer with the adipose stroma expresses EMT markers as breast cancer with the fibrous stroma.
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38
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Takahashi K, Nagai N, Ogura K, Tsuneyama K, Saiki I, Irimura T, Hayakawa Y. Mammary tissue microenvironment determines T cell-dependent breast cancer-associated inflammation. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:867-74. [PMID: 25940224 PMCID: PMC4520638 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of the host tissue microenvironment in cancer progression and metastasis has been established, the spatiotemporal process establishing a cancer metastasis-prone tissue microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we aim to understand the immunological character of a metastasis-prone microenvironment in a murine 4T1 breast tumor model, by using the activation of nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) in cancer cells as a sensor of inflammatory status and by monitoring its activity by bioluminescence imaging. By using a 4T1 breast cancer cell line stably expressing an NF-κB/Luc2 reporter gene (4T1 NF-κB cells), we observed significantly increased bioluminescence approximately 7 days after metastasis-prone orthotopic mammary fat-pad inoculation but not ectopic s.c. inoculation of 4T1 NF-κB cells. Such in vivo NF-κB activation within the fat-pad 4T1 tumor was diminished in immune-deficient SCID or nude mice, or T cell-depleted mice, suggesting the requirement of host T cell-mediated immune responses. Given the fat-pad 4T1 tumor expressed higher inflammatory mediators in a T cell-dependent mechanism compared to the s.c. tumor, our results imply the importance of the surrounding tissue microenvironment for inflaming tumors by collaborating with T cells to instigate metastatic spread of 4T1 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Nagai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ogura
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Medical Innovation, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Poudel B, Lee YM, Kim DK. DDR2 inhibition reduces migration and invasion of murine metastatic melanoma cells by suppressing MMP2/9 expression through ERK/NF-κB pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:292-8. [PMID: 25733533 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is one of the most deadly and evasive cancers. Collagen I in the extracellular matrix promotes the migration and invasion of tumor cells through the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9. Discoidin domain receptor (DDR) 2 is a collagen receptor that is implicated in several cancer types including breast and prostate cancers. However, the role of DDR2 in the migration and invasion of murine melanoma cells is less studied. In the present study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of DDR2 in migration and invasion of B16BL6 melanoma cells in response to collagen I. Results demonstrated that DDR2 is expressed and is phosphorylated by collagen I in the cells. Upon down-regulation of DDR2 using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) approach, both of the cell migratory and invasive phenotypes were significantly attenuated when compared with the control cells. This effect was mediated via suppression of MMP2/9 upon DDR2 inhibition. Furthermore, inhibition of DDR2 by specific siRNA markedly reduced the activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) in the cells when compared with the control cells. Overall, these data demonstrated that DDR2 siRNA-mediated suppression of ERK1/2 and NF-κB could down-regulate the expressions of MMP2/9 in response to collagen I to reduce the migratory and invasive phenotypes of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Poudel
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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40
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Xiong Y, McDonald LT, Russell DL, Kelly RR, Wilson KR, Mehrotra M, Soloff AC, LaRue AC. Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:253-265. [PMID: 25815113 PMCID: PMC4369485 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex and constantly evolving. This is due, in part, to the crosstalk between tumor cells and the multiple cell types that comprise the TME, which results in a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and TME cells. This review will focus on two stromal cell types, the cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA) and the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF). In the clinic, the presence of CAAs and CAFs in the TME translates to poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. CAAs and CAFs have an activated phenotype and produce growth factors, inflammatory factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteases in an accelerated and aberrant fashion. Through this activated state, CAAs and CAFs remodel the TME, thereby driving all aspects of tumor progression, including tumor growth and survival, chemoresistance, tumor vascularization, tumor invasion, and tumor cell metastasis. Similarities in the tumor-promoting functions of CAAs and CAFs suggest that a multipronged therapeutic approach may be necessary to achieve maximal impact on disease. While CAAs and CAFs are thought to arise from tissues adjacent to the tumor, multiple alternative origins for CAAs and CAFs have recently been identified. Recent studies from our lab and others suggest that the hematopoietic stem cell, through the myeloid lineage, may serve as a progenitor for CAAs and CAFs. We hypothesize that the multiple origins of CAAs and CAFs may contribute to the heterogeneity seen in the TME. Thus, a better understanding of the origin of CAAs and CAFs, how this origin impacts their functions in the TME, and the temporal participation of uniquely originating TME cells may lead to novel or improved anti-tumor therapeutics.
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41
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Fujisaki K, Fujimoto H, Sangai T, Nagashima T, Sakakibara M, Shiina N, Kuroda M, Aoyagi Y, Miyazaki M. Cancer-mediated adipose reversion promotes cancer cell migration via IL-6 and MCP-1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:255-63. [PMID: 25721605 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate interactions between adipocytes and breast cancer cells, and identify the responsible factors for the observed effects. In 27 breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy, mammary adipose tissue was obtained from the breast quadrant bearing the tumor and corresponding non-tumoral quadrant. Isolated normal breast adipocytes (NBAs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) were cultured in collagen gels to mimic the in vivo environment. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and cell proliferation assays were performed to analyze adipocyte phenotypes. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were co-cultured with adipocytes to detect phenotypic changes. Migration of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed in NBA- and CAA-conditioned media. Cytokine levels in conditioned media were measured by cytokine array. Migration assays were repeated using conditioned media containing neutralizing antibodies. NBAs and CAAs lost their morphological phenotype in culture, acquiring a spindle-like shape, and CAAs showed higher cell proliferation, suggesting reversion to an immature phenotype. In co-cultures with MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 cells, NBAs exhibited increased cell proliferation, indicating acquisition of the immature phenotype of CAAs. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 showed higher migration in a CAA-conditioned medium than in an NBA-conditioned medium. Cytokine array analysis of conditioned media revealed higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the CAA-conditioned medium. Neutralization experiments using antibodies against IL-6 or MCP-1 showed abrogation of migration-enhancing effects of the CAA-conditioned medium. Adipocytes revert to an immature and proliferative phenotype in the presence of breast cancer cells, and promote cancer cell migration via adipokines including IL-6 and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujisaki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
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42
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Wagner M, Samdal Steinskog ES, Wiig H. Adipose tissue macrophages: the inflammatory link between obesity and cancer? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:527-38. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.991311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Dietary lipids and adipocytes: potential therapeutic targets in cancers. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:303-11. [PMID: 25524629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play an important role to support the rapid growth of cancer cells, which can be derived from both the endogenous synthesis and exogenous supplies. Enhanced de novo fatty acid synthesis and mobilization of stored lipids in cancer cells promote tumorigenesis. Besides, lipids and fatty acids derived from diet or transferred from neighboring adipocytes also influence the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Indeed, the pathogenic roles of adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment have been recognized recently. The adipocyte-derived mediators or the cross talk between adipocytes and cancer cells in the microenvironment is gaining attention. This review will focus on the impacts of lipids on cancers and the pathogenic roles of adipocytes in tumorigenesis and discuss the possible anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting lipids in the cancer cells.
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Ohanna M, Cheli Y, Bonet C, Bonazzi VF, Allegra M, Giuliano S, Bille K, Bahadoran P, Giacchero D, Lacour JP, Boyle GM, Hayward NF, Bertolotto C, Ballotti R. Secretome from senescent melanoma engages the STAT3 pathway to favor reprogramming of naive melanoma towards a tumor-initiating cell phenotype. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2212-24. [PMID: 24344100 PMCID: PMC3926821 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we showed that the secretome of senescent melanoma cells drives basal melanoma cells towards a mesenchymal phenotype, with characteristic of stems illustrated by increased level of the prototype genes FN1, SNAIL, OCT4 and NANOG. This molecular reprogramming leads to an increase in the low-MITF and slow-growing cell population endowed with melanoma-initiating cell features. The secretome of senescent melanoma cells induces a panel of 52 genes, involved in cell movement and cell/cell interaction, among which AXL and ALDH1A3 have been implicated in melanoma development. We found that the secretome of senescent melanoma cells activates the STAT3 pathway and STAT3 inhibition prevents secretome effects, including the acquisition of tumorigenic properties. Collectively, the findings provide insights into how the secretome of melanoma cells entering senescence upon chemotherapy treatments increases the tumorigenicity of naïve melanoma cells by inducing, through STAT3 activation, a melanoma-initiating cell phenotype that could favor chemotherapy resistance and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Ohanna
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Equipe 1, Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome. Equipe labellisée Ligue 2013, Nice, F-06204, France
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45
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O'Rourke RW. Obesity and cancer: at the crossroads of cellular metabolism and proliferation. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:1208-19. [PMID: 25264328 PMCID: PMC4267907 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this association include but are not limited to increased systemic inflammation, an anabolic hormonal milieu, and adipocyte-cancer crosstalk, aberrant stimuli that conspire to promote neoplastic transformation. Cellular proliferation is uncoupled from nutrient availability in malignant cells, promoting tumor progression. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection will lead to the development of novel metabolism-based agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Kwan HY, Fu X, Liu B, Chao X, Chan CL, Cao H, Su T, Tse AKW, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Subcutaneous adipocytes promote melanoma cell growth by activating the Akt signaling pathway: role of palmitic acid. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30525-30537. [PMID: 25228694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis involves constant communication between tumor cells and neighboring normal cells such as adipocytes. The canonical function of adipocytes is to store triglyceride and release fatty acids for other tissues. This study was aimed to find out if adipocytes promoted melanoma cell growth and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Here we isolated adipocytes from inguinal adipose tissue in mice and co-cultured with melanoma cells. We found that the co-cultured melanoma had higher lipid accumulation compared with mono-cultured melanoma. In addition, fluorescently labeled fatty acid BODIPY® FLC16 signal was detected in melanoma co-cultured with the adipocytes that had been loaded with the fluorescent dye, suggesting that the adipocytes provide fatty acids to melanoma cells. Compared with mono-cultured melanoma, co-cultured melanoma cells had a higher proliferation and phospho-Akt (Ser-473 and Thr-450) expression. Overexpression of Akt mutants in melanoma cells reduced the co-culture-enhanced proliferation. A lipidomic study showed that the co-cultured melanoma had an elevated palmitic acid level. Interestingly, we found that palmitic acid stimulated melanoma cell proliferation, changed the cell cycle distribution, and increased phospho-Akt (Ser-473 and Thr-450) and PI3K but not phospho-PTEN (phosphophosphatase and tensin homolog) expressions. More importantly, the palmitic acid-stimulated proliferation was further enhanced in the Akt-overexpressed melanoma cells and was reduced by LY294002 or knockdown of endogenous Akt or overexpression of Akt mutants. We also found that palmitic acid-pretreated B16F10 cells were grown to a significantly larger tumor in mice compared with control cells. Taken together, we suggest that adipocytes may serve as an exogenous source of palmitic acid that promotes melanoma cell growth by activating Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and.
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Chi Leung Chan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Huihui Cao
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Tao Su
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Anfernee Kai Wing Tse
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Wang Fun Fong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China and.
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Interleukin-6 drives melanoma cell motility through p38α-MAPK-dependent up-regulation of WNT5A expression. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1365-78. [PMID: 24954857 PMCID: PMC5528610 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has demonstrated a tumor-promoting role of increased WNT5A expression in malignant melanoma. However, very little light has been shed upon how WNT5A expression is up-regulated in melanoma. A potential regulator of WNT5A expression is the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL)-6, which shares the ability of WNT5A to increase melanoma cell invasion. Here, we investigate whether IL-6 can promote melanoma cell motility through an increased expression of WNT5A. We clearly demonstrate that the WNT5A-antagonistic peptide Box5 could inhibit IL-6-induced melanoma cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IL-6 stimulation of the human melanoma cell lines HTB63 and A375 increased the expression of WNT5A in a dose-dependent manner. To identify the signaling mechanism responsible for this up-regulation, we explored the involvement of the three main signals induced by IL-6; STAT3, Akt and ERK 1/2. Of these, only STAT3 was activated by IL-6 in the melanoma cell lines tested. However, the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 failed to inhibit IL-6-induced WNT5A up-regulation in HTB63 and A375 cells. Nor did STAT3 siRNA silencing affect the expression of WNT5A. In search of an alternative signaling mechanism, we detected IL-6-induced activation of p38-MAPK in HTB63 and A375 cells. The p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 abolished the IL-6-induced WNT5A up-regulation and blocked IL-6-induced melanoma cell invasion. The latter effect could be rescued by the addition of recombinant WNT5A. Notably, immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that only the p38α-MAPK isoform was activated by IL-6, and subsequent siRNA silencing of p38α-MAPK abolished the IL-6-induced up-regulation of WNT5A. Taken together, we demonstrate a novel link between the two melanoma pro-metastatic agents IL-6 and WNT5A explaining how IL-6 can increase melanoma cell invasion and thus promote the metastatic process. This finding provides a basis for future therapeutic intervention of melanoma progression.
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Gati A, Kouidhi S, Marrakchi R, El Gaaied A, Kourda N, Derouiche A, Chebil M, Caignard A, Perier A. Obesity and renal cancer: Role of adipokines in the tumor-immune system conflict. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27810. [PMID: 24804162 PMCID: PMC4010540 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies link obesity, as measured by increased body mass index (BMI) to the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as to the cancer-related mortality of RCC patients. RCC is the third cancer most robustly associated with increased BMI. Understanding the role of the adipose tissue in renal carcinogenesis is therefore of major importance for the development of novel paradigms of RCC prevention and treatment. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the impact of obesity on the development and progression of RCC as well as the role of adipose tissue-derived hormones (adipokines) in the conflict between growing tumors and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gati
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel El Gaaied
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Service d'histopathologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Chebil
- Service d'Urologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anne Caignard
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Perier
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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Vona-Davis L, Rose DP. The obesity-inflammation-eicosanoid axis in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:291-307. [PMID: 24170420 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the adipose tissues occurs in association with obesity. This inflammatory process leads to the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and a consequent elevation in prostaglandin (PG) production, which, together with proinflammatory cytokines, induce aromatase expression and estrogen synthesis. Infiltrating macrophages support the growth of breast epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells by producing a milieu of cytokines and growth factors. This scenario creates a microenvironment favorable to breast cancer growth and invasion. The eicosanoids promote further development and growth of breast cancers indirectly by the induction of aromatase, particularly in estrogen positive breast cancers, or by direct stimulatory effect of PGE2 and lipoxygenase (LOX) products on the more aggressive, estrogen-independent tumors. Beyond this, the local production of estrogens and proinflammatory cytokines which occurs in association with breast adipose tissue inflammation, and consequent activation of the estrogen receptor and nuclear factor-κB, provides a mechanism by which breast cancers develop resistance to selective estrogen receptor modulation and aromatase inhibitor therapy. The obesity-inflammation-eicosanoid axis in breast cancer does offer a therapeutic target for the prevention of relapse in breast cancer by improving the efficacy of antiaromatase therapy using COX/LOX inhibitors; however, careful consideration of menopausal status and obesity in patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vona-Davis
- Department of Surgery and Breast Cancer Research Program, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9238, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,
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50
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Chen J, Chi M, Chen C, Zhang XD. Obesity and melanoma: exploring molecular links. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1955-61. [PMID: 23554059 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is now a major health problem due to its rapidly increasing incidence worldwide and severe consequences. Among many conditions associated with obesity are some cancers including melanoma. Both genetic defects and environmental risk factors are involved in the carcinogenesis of melanoma. Activation of multiple signal pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways are necessary for the initiation of melanoma. Activation of the MAPK pathway as a result of activating mutations in BRAF is commonly seen in melanoma though it alone is not sufficient to cause malignant transformation of melanocytes. Obesity can result in the activation of many signal pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and STAT3. The activation of these pathways may have a synergistic effect with the genetic defects thereby increasing the incidence of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Sir William MacGregor Building 64, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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